CN102599349A - Ganoderma waste culture medium feed with grain-saving effect and safe cultivation method by use of the same - Google Patents
Ganoderma waste culture medium feed with grain-saving effect and safe cultivation method by use of the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102599349A CN102599349A CN2012101003440A CN201210100344A CN102599349A CN 102599349 A CN102599349 A CN 102599349A CN 2012101003440 A CN2012101003440 A CN 2012101003440A CN 201210100344 A CN201210100344 A CN 201210100344A CN 102599349 A CN102599349 A CN 102599349A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a Ganoderma waste culture medium feed, which is prepared by fermenting raw materials after mixing the following raw materials by weight: 500-1,500 parts of Ganoderma waste culture medium, 50-150 parts of corn, 60-80 parts of bean meal, 40-60 parts of wheat bran, 2-4 parts of table salt and 5-15 parts of monocalcium phosphate. The invention also provides a formula for preparing a compound feed by use of the waste culture medium feed and application of the Ganoderma waste culture medium feed in animal feeding. The Ganoderma waste culture medium feed is used for feeding animals and not only can replace part of feed grain to achieve the aim of saving grain and lowering the feed cost, but also can enhance the immunity of the animals and improve the quality of meat products.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of joint grain fodder, is specifically related to a kind of feed of glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff preparation, and production method and the application in animal safety is cultured.
Background technology
Though China is large agricultural country, also not agricultural power, grain can only be self-supporting basically.China is populous, ensures the grain security of nearly 1/4 population in the world, is fundamental state policy all the time.Along with the population growth, the contradiction of having a large population and a few land becomes increasingly conspicuous, and the per capita cultivated land reduces day by day, and the soil holds foster pressure to be manifested gradually.Ensure that national food supply task is more and more arduous.
Along with economy is lasting, fast-developing, people's living standard and quality constantly improve, and require aquaculture that more better animal proteins are provided, to satisfy the living needs that improves constantly.The basis of aquaculture is a feed, and the main material of feed is a corn.The meat product increasing demand is increased, require to develop animal husbandry on a large scale, need a large amount of feeding grains, also increased the weight of food supply pressure.China's corn in recent years is 1.3 hundred million tons, wherein 40% is used as feed.It is 4% that feed uses year growth rate of demand of corn, therefore annual all will be from a large amount of corn of foreign procurement to solve the problem of feedstuff deficiency.
Showing under the situation of giving prominence in grain security problem day, how to solve the contradiction that people and animals strive grain, stablize the material base of aquaculture, is very a reality and the problem that must take seriously.
China is about 1,100 ten thousand tons of edible mushroom output in recent years, and steady-state growth year by year.Edible mushroom residue in postpartum cultivation base-material is called the bacterium chaff, and its quantity is 60% of culture medium of edible fungus, is about 6,000,000 tons.The bacterium chaff has mycelium to grow in a large number, and nutritive value is higher.If can be developed as feed to the bacterium chaff, just be equivalent to annual more than the 400 ten thousand tons of corns of having produced more, to solving the not enough problem of China's feedstuff, certain realistic meaning is arranged.
And animal husbandry develops on a large scale, also faces safe breed problem.Along with animal husbandry development scale growth, the gesture of growth takes place also to be in animal epidemic in recent years, when bird flu, aftosa, blue otopathy etc. outburst is arranged, and brings massive losses to the raiser.Many raisers do not stint to the animal injection of antibiotics in order to reduce the loss, and discovery is arranged during harm consumer healths' such as antibiosis pig, antibiosis chicken livestock products.How to adopt safer method to improve animal disease resistant power, both safeguarded raiser's interests, few again with or exempt to use antibiotic, the raising food security has become the significant problem of sustainable development of animal husbandry.
Glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff, through glossy ganoderma bacterium degradation, crude fibre is degraded to 23.0% from 34.5% of glossy ganoderma culture medium, has reduced by 11.5%; Crude protein is increased to 10.2%, increase by 5.2% from 5.0%; Crude fat is increased to 4.7% from 0.40%; Crude fibre reduces significantly, and nutritive value increases substantially, dry gross energy 3.38 thermie/kilograms.As far as pig, the digestible energy that digestible energy can reach 2.54 thermie/kilograms and wheat skin is close, is equivalent to corn digestible energy 75%, but crude protein content is higher than corn and Mai Pi.
In addition, glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff also contains abundant GL-B and triterpenic acid.If glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff is developed as feed, not only can substitute feed a part grain, also have the raising animal immunizing power, strengthen the effect of premunition, perhaps exempt to use antibiotic purpose thereby reach to reduce.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to practice thrift feed grain, can improve the animal disease resistant ability again, can also improve the comprehensive utilization value of glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff, promote animal husbandry to develop in a healthy way with the mode of safety for a kind of joint grain fodder that is used for animal-breeding is provided.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the present invention proposes following technical scheme:
A kind of glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed is provided, and it is mixed after fermenting process of preparing obtains by the raw material of following weight portion:
Glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff 500～1500, corn 50～150, dregs of beans 60～80, wheat bran 40～60, salt 2～4, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 5～15.
Described glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff is from the cultivation of glossy ganoderma base-material.In order to realize the object of the invention; In the glossy ganoderma production process; Should in culture base-material, increase the ratio that is prone to degradable material as far as possible; Reduce the wood chip composition, make nutrient base material pass through the requirement that the bacterium chaff remaining residue crude fiber content that obtains after the glossy ganoderma bacterium degradation is reduced to the full feeding most animals.Therefore in the optimized technical scheme of the present invention; Described glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff is the residue that obtains behind the cultivation of glossy ganoderma base-material cultivating ganoderma with following percentage by weight component composition: wood chip 20～50%, grass meal 30～60%, wheat skin 10～20%; Corn flour 1～3%; Land plaster 1%, calcium carbonate 1%, pulverized limestone 0.5%～1%.
Described grass meal can be from various grass such as imperatoria, sweet Chinese sorghum pole, hybrid giant napier, Chinese pennisetum, napier grass, bagasse or rape stalks.
The preparation method of described glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff is after above-mentioned cultivation of glossy ganoderma base-material is prepared, regulate water content to 55～65% and process the bacterium rod, and then according to conventional method through sterilization, cooling, inoculation, send out bacterium, fruiting, promptly get after gathering.
Preferred corn flour of described corn and wheat bran and wheat bran powder.
Described fermentation can be a various fermentation process of the prior art; Preferably carry out according to following method: in described mixed material, add the enzyme preparation and the leavening of 1～2,0/0,000 part by weight, adjustment mixed material water content reaches 60% back anaerobic fermentation 7～30d.
Described leavening can be commercially available HEM bacterium, also can use No. 1 active bacteria formulation of commercially available dawn, perhaps uses commercially available complex cellulase additive strain.
Described enzyme preparation can be commercially available vigor 99 board complex enzyme feed lipid lowering agents.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of said glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed, may further comprise the steps:
1) the glossy ganoderma remaining cultivation base-material bacterium rod in back of gathering was broken into the bacterium chaff in small, broken bits of 80 mesh sieves, fully mixed according to said ratio, obtained mixed material with corn flour, dregs of beans, wheat bran powder, salt, calcium dihydrogen phosphate;
2) get enzyme preparation and leavening and call in the water, stir and soaked 2-6 hour, it is subsequent use to process the activation zymotic fluid that contains 1 ‰～5 ‰ enzyme preparations and leavening;
3) with step 2) zymotic fluid that obtains adds in the mixed material of step 1), and mixed material per ton adds 300～400 kilograms zymotic fluid, after stirring; Add suitable quantity of water again; Be adjusted to the wet feed of water content 60% to compound, pinch with hand and agglomeratingly do not drip, one touches promptly to loose and is advisable;
4) the compound sealing behind the inoculating starter that step 3) is obtained, anaerobic fermentation 7～30d, treat fermenting-ripening after, promptly obtain mixed feed of the present invention.
The bacterium chaff in small, broken bits that step 1) is pulverized mistake 80 mesh sieves that obtain can directly utilize, and also can dry to store for future use; Step 2) described leavening can be the HEM bacterium, also can use No. 1 active bacteria formulation bacterial classification of dawn.
It is a kind of with the formulated mixed feed of glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed that the present invention also provides, and is called glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff mixed feed, wherein contains the said glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed that is no more than 35% percentage by weight.
The present invention also provides the application of said glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed in animal feeding.
Can be according to the difference of letting animals feed kind and growth period different, with different ratios described glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed is added in the conventional animal feed, make complete feed, pellet, promptly get mixed feed, be used for letting animals feed.
According to the percentage meter that accounts for the feed gross weight, the amount that the glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed adds in mixed feed is no more than 35%, and the concrete interpolation scheme of various animals is following:
In the raising of big porker, be the basis with each stage complete feed nutritional requirement, add the glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed according to changes of weight: body weight 20～30kg adds and is no more than 5%; 30～40kg adds 5～10%; 40～60kg adds 10～15%, and 60～80kg adds 15～20%, and 80～100kg adds 20～25%.
In the raising of chicken, in the complete feed of chicken according to adding the glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed all ages of chicken: the baby chick in 0～2 week adds and to be no more than 5%; The middle chicken in 2～4 weeks adds 5～10%; The big chicken in 4～6 weeks adds 10～20%; The big chicken in 6～8 weeks adds 20～30%.
In the raising of goose, directly in the goose feed, add 5～35% glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed in the full feeding phase.
In the raising of sheep, directly add 5～35% glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed in the concentrated feed sheep in the full feeding phase.
In the raising of ox, directly raise in the full feeding phase and to add 5～35% glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed in the concentrated feed ox.
In the breed of fish, directly in fish meal, add 5～20% glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed in the full feeding phase.
The present invention utilizes the glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed to substitute feed a part grain, can realize reducing or exempt to use antibiotic veterinary method.Detect and raise the big porker test through nutritional labeling and can prove that mixed feed of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. the acting in conjunction because adjustment of cultivation of glossy ganoderma batching and glossy ganoderma bacterium are degraded, the glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff mixed feed of processing, nutritional labeling can satisfy the animal feed requirement fully.Crude fibre 4.10%～5.07%, crude protein 16.00%～16.36%, crude fat 1.10%～1.97%, digestible energy 3500～4000Kcal/kg.The glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed feeds pigs, and does not influence the weightening finish of pig basically.
2. pig-keeping experiment proves, in the growth overall process of pig, edible fungi residue feed adds 25% to from 5%, and average adding proportion is about 15%, and every pig is supported to delivering for sale from piglet, approximately adds bacterium chaff 45kg, is equivalent to every pig and saves about feed grain 40kg.By 3.0 yuan of calculating of every kilogram of feed, every pig is saved 120 yuan of costs, is equivalent to feed per ton and saves 450 yuan of costs.
3. glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff contains abundant GL-B and triterpenic acid equally, and they have immunity and the antineoplastic effect that improves animal.Pig-keeping experiment is the result prove, the spring in 2011, receives the influence of consecutive low temperature; Pig-keeping experiment field, Wenchang has nearly 1/3 big porker sick, and the big porker of adopting glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff mixed feed to raise flushes; Sick pig is few, and the T cell of pig blood, red blood cell, leucocyte index are very stable, all in normal range (NR).And the big porker that conventional feed is raised, three cell indexs are very chaotic, and sick pig is many.
4. glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff mixed feed reduces the effect of cholesterol and triglycerides in addition.Gather the big porker blood testing discovery that glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff is raised, its cholesterol level and content of triglyceride are obviously lower.Big porker is butchered observed result and finds, the big porker lean meat percentage that the glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed is raised improves about 5%, and fat meat is less, and pigskin is thinner, and the pork mouthfeel is better.
It is that the mixed feed of feedstock production substitutes feed a part grain and feeds and raise animal that glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff is adopted in the explanation of above situation, the present invention, not only can practice thrift feed grain, reduces feed cost, can also enhance immune power, improve meat quality.Glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff mixed feed is not only the effective ways that safety is cultured, and the pork of raising lean meat percentage effect is also arranged.Therefore, promote the use of glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff mixed feed, might be less with perhaps exempting to use antibiotic, more meaningfully, the method that might develop a kind of safety and Health improves the lean meat percentage of big porker.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1. preparation glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feeds
The rubber-woodflour glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff of high-quality is gathered by experiment station, land-reclaimable academy of sciences Wenchang, Hainan Province, dries to store for future use.Get 1000 kilograms of bacterium chaffs, pulverized 80 mesh sieves, obtain the bacterium chaff, place mixer, simultaneously with 100 kilograms of corn flour, 70 kilograms of dregs of beans, 50 kilograms in wheat bran, 3 kilograms of salt, 10 kilograms of calcium dihydrogen phosphates stir.Get vigor 99 board complex enzyme feed lipid lowering agents 2 bags (125 gram/bag), feeding compound cellulose additive 2 again and wrap 1 kilogram of No. 1, (125 gram/bag), dawn; Added in 400 kilogram of 2% brown sugar cold water activation 6 hours; Add then in the above compound; While stirring with leavening, up to stirring.The humidity of material is stirred in inspection, and humidity deficit 60% continues to add water, and is suitable up to humidity.Agglomerating to hold in hand, one touches promptly diffusing being advisable.After material stir to be accomplished, promptly change in the 100L Plastic Drum, compacting, sealing behind the anaerobic fermentation 10d, is opened the fragrant of wine, shows that promptly edible fungi residue feed made success.
Embodiment 2. utilizes the glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed to prepare mixed feed
The edible fungi residue feed that embodiment 1 is made in 0.5 to 10,1 to 10,1.5 to 10,2 to 10,2.5 to 10 ratio, adds complete feed respectively, stirs again, sends into comminutor, processes glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff mixed feed, and drying and packaging is subsequent use.
Embodiment 3. application of glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed in animal feeding
The glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff mixed feed of embodiment 2 is used to raise growing and fattening pigs.Its raising process is that 5% edible fungi residue feed is fed 7d, 10% feed 7d again, treat the swine rearing edible fungi residue feed after, 15% then feed 15d, then 20% feed 30d, last 25% feed 30d.Through the weightening finish contrast, the big porker that glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff is raised feeds pigs than conventional feed and increases weight 13%, and every pig is saved 37.5 kilograms of feed grains; The vigor of pig is stronger, and immunity is stronger, and pig cholesterolemia and triglycerides are lower; Lean meat percentage is higher, and fat meat and pigskin are thinner, and the pork mouthfeel is crisp sweet.
Claims (10)
1. a glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed is characterized in that, it is mixed after fermenting process of preparing obtains by the raw material of following weight portion: glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff 500～1500, corn 50～150, dregs of beans 60～80, wheat bran 40～60, salt 2～4, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 5～15.
2. the described glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed of claim 1 is characterized in that: described glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff is the residue that the cultivation base-material obtains behind cultivating ganoderma, and described cultivation of glossy ganoderma base-material contains following components in weight percentage: wood chip 20～50%; Grass meal 30～60%; Wheat skin 10～20%, corn flour 1～3%, land plaster 1%; Calcium carbonate 1%, pulverized limestone 0.5%～1%.
3. the described glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described grass meal is from imperatoria, sweet Chinese sorghum pole, hybrid giant napier, Chinese pennisetum, napier grass, bagasse or rape stalk.
4. the preparation method of the described glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed of claim 1 may further comprise the steps:
1) the glossy ganoderma remaining cultivation base-material bacterium rod in back of gathering was broken into the bacterium chaff in small, broken bits of 80 mesh sieves, fully mixed according to said ratio, obtained mixed material with corn flour, dregs of beans, wheat bran powder, salt, calcium dihydrogen phosphate;
2) get enzyme preparation and leavening and call in the water, stir and soaked 2-6 hour, it is subsequent use to process the activation zymotic fluid that contains 1 ‰～5 ‰ enzyme preparations and leavening;
3) with step 2) zymotic fluid that obtains adds in the mixed material of step 1), and mixed material per ton adds 300～400 kilograms zymotic fluid, after stirring; Add suitable quantity of water again; Be adjusted to the wet feed of water content 60% to compound, pinch with hand and agglomeratingly do not drip, one touches promptly to loose and is advisable;
4) the compound sealing behind the inoculating starter that step 3) is obtained, anaerobic fermentation 7～30d, treat fermenting-ripening after, promptly obtain described glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed.
5. a glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff mixed feed wherein contains the described glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed of the claim 1 that is no more than 35% percentage by weight.
6. the application of the said glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed of claim 1 in animal feeding; It is characterized in that: different according to the difference of letting animals feed kind and growth period; With different ratios described glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed is added in the animal feed to be no more than 35% part by weight; Make complete feed, pellet, obtain mixed feed, be applied to letting animals feed.
7. the described application of claim 6 is characterized in that: in the raising of big porker, and each stage mixed feed; Need to add the glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed according to changes of weight; Body weight 20～30kg adds 0～5%, and 30～40kg adds 5～10%, and 40～60kg adds 10～15%; 60～80kg adds 15～20%, and 80～100kg adds 20～25%.
8. the described application of claim 6 is characterized in that: in the raising of chicken, according to adding the glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed all ages of chicken, the baby chick in 0～2 week adds 0～5% in the mixed feed of chicken; The middle chicken in 2～4 weeks adds 5～10%; The big chicken in 4～6 weeks adds 10～20%; The big chicken in 6～8 weeks adds 20～30%.
9. the described application of claim 6 is characterized in that: in the raising of ox, sheep, goose, directly in mixed feed, add 5～35% glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed in the full feeding phase.
10. the described application of claim 6 is characterized in that: in the breed of fish, directly in carp compound feed, add 5～20% glossy ganoderma edible fungi residue feed in the full feeding phase.
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| CN102823735A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2012-12-19 | 福建农大菌草技术开发公司 | Application of aqueous extract of grass-cultivated ganoderma bacterium draff in dairy cow feeding |
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