CN102599349B - Ganoderma waste culture medium feed with grain-saving effect and safe cultivation method by use of the same - Google Patents
Ganoderma waste culture medium feed with grain-saving effect and safe cultivation method by use of the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102599349B CN102599349B CN201210100344.0A CN201210100344A CN102599349B CN 102599349 B CN102599349 B CN 102599349B CN 201210100344 A CN201210100344 A CN 201210100344A CN 102599349 B CN102599349 B CN 102599349B
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Abstract
The invention provides a Ganoderma waste culture medium feed, which is prepared by fermenting raw materials after mixing the following raw materials by weight: 500-1,500 parts of Ganoderma waste culture medium, 50-150 parts of corn, 60-80 parts of bean meal, 40-60 parts of wheat bran, 2-4 parts of table salt and 5-15 parts of monocalcium phosphate. The invention also provides a formula for preparing a compound feed by use of the waste culture medium feed and application of the Ganoderma waste culture medium feed in animal feeding. The Ganoderma waste culture medium feed is used for feeding animals and not only can replace part of feed grain to achieve the aim of saving grain and lowering the feed cost, but also can enhance the immunity of the animals and improve the quality of meat products.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of joint grain fodder, is specifically related to feed prepared by a kind of Ganoderma Lucidum chaff, and production method and the application in animal safety cultivation.
Background technology
China Sui Shi large agricultural country, but be not also agricultural power, grain can only be substantially self-supporting.China is populous, ensures the grain security of nearly 1/4 population in the world, is fundamental state policy all the time.Along with population growth, the contradiction of having a large population and a few land, per capita cultivated land reduces day by day, and soil holds foster pressure to be manifested gradually.Ensure that national food supply task is more and more arduous.
Along with economy is lasting, fast-developing, people's living standard and quality constantly improve, and require aquaculture that how better animal protein is provided, to meet the living needs improving constantly.The basis of aquaculture is feed, and the main material of feed is corn.Growing to meat product demand, require to develop animal husbandry on a large scale, need a large amount of feeding grain, also increased the weight of food supply pressure.China in recent years corn is 1.3 hundred million tons, wherein 40% is used as feed.Feed is 4% by the year growth rate of demand of corn, therefore annual all will be from a large amount of corn of foreign procurement to solve the problem of feedstuff deficiency.
Under Food Security day aobvious outstanding situation, how to solve the contradiction that people and animals strive grain, stablize the material base of aquaculture, be very a reality and the problem that must take seriously.
China is approximately 1,100 ten thousand tons of edible mushroom output in recent years, and steady-state growth year by year.Residue cultivation in edible mushroom postpartum base-material is called bacterium chaff, and its quantity is culture medium of edible fungus 60%, is about 6,000,000 tons.Bacterium chaff has mycelium to grow in a large number, and nutritive value is higher.If bacterium chaff can be developed as to feed, be just equivalent to produce every year more than 400 ten thousand tons of corns more, to solving the not enough problem of China's feedstuff, there is certain realistic meaning.
And animal husbandry develops on a large scale, also face safe cultivation problem.Along with animal husbandry development scale is grown, there is to be also the gesture of growth in animal epidemic in recent years, when bird flu, aftosa, blue otopathy etc., has outburst, to raiser, brings massive losses.Many raisers, in order to reduce the loss, do not stint to animal injection of antibiotics, during the harm consumer healths' such as antibiosis pig, antibiosis chicken livestock products, are found.How to adopt safer method to improve animal disease resistant power, both safeguarded raiser's interests, lack with again or exempt from and, with antibiotic, improve food security, become the significant problem of sustainable development of animal husbandry.
Ganoderma Lucidum chaff, through Ganoderma Lucidum degradation, crude fibre is degraded to 23.0% from 34.5% of Medium for Ganoderma lucidum, has reduced by 11.5%; Crude protein is increased to 10.2%, increase by 5.2% from 5.0%; Crude fat is increased to 4.7% from 0.40%; Crude fibre significantly reduces, and nutritive value increases substantially, dry gross energy 3.38 thermies/kilogram.For pig, digestible energy can reach 2.54 thermies/kilogram, close with the digestible energy of wheat skin, be equivalent to corn digestible energy 75%, but crude protein content is higher than corn and Mai Pi.
In addition, Ganoderma Lucidum chaff also contains abundant GL-B and triterpenic acid.If Ganoderma Lucidum chaff is developed as to feed, not only can Substitute For Partial feed grain, also there is raising animal immunizing power, strengthen the effect of premunition, thereby reach, reduce or exempt to use antibiotic object.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, for a kind of joint grain fodder for animal-breeding is provided, can to save feed grain, can improve in the mode of safety again animal disease resistant ability, can also improve the comprehensive utilization value of Ganoderma Lucidum chaff, promote animal husbandry to develop in a healthy way.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the present invention proposes following technical scheme:
A kind of ganoderma lucidum bran feed is provided, and it is prepared by fermentation by the raw material mixing of following weight portion:
Ganoderma Lucidum chaff 500～1500, corn 50～150, dregs of beans 60～80, wheat bran 40～60, salt 2～4, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 5～15.
Described Ganoderma Lucidum chaff is from cultivation of glossy ganoderma base-material.In order to realize object of the present invention, in glossy ganoderma production process, should in culture base-material, increase as far as possible the ratio of easy degradable material, reduce wood chip composition, make bacterium chaff remaining residue crude fiber content that nutrient base material obtains after Ganoderma Lucidum degradation be reduced to the requirement of full feeding most animals.Therefore in the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, described Ganoderma Lucidum chaff is the residue obtaining after the cultivation of glossy ganoderma base-material cultivating ganoderma forming by following percentage by weight component: wood chip 20～50%, grass meal 30～60%, wheat skin 10～20%, corn flour 1～3%, land plaster 1%, calcium carbonate 1%, pulverized limestone 0.5%～1%.
Described grass meal can be from various grass such as imperatoria, sweet Chinese sorghum pole, hybrid giant napier, Chinese pennisetum, napier grass, bagasse or Rape Straws.
The preparation method of described Ganoderma Lucidum chaff is after above-mentioned cultivation of glossy ganoderma base-material is prepared, and regulates water content to 55～65% to make bacterium rod, and then according to conventional method through sterilizing, cooling, inoculation, send out bacterium, fruiting, gather after and get final product.
The preferred corn flour of described corn and wheat bran and wheat bran powder.
Described fermentation can be various fermentation process of the prior art, preferably carry out in accordance with the following methods: in described mixed material, add enzyme preparation and the leavening of 1～2,0/0,000 part by weight, adjust mixed material water content and reach 60% rear anaerobic fermentation 7～30d.
Described leavening can be commercially available HEM bacterium, also can be with No. 1 active bacteria formulation of commercially available dawn, or with commercially available complex cellulase additive strain.
Described enzyme preparation can be commercially available vigor 99 board complex enzyme feed lipid lowering agents.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described ganoderma lucidum bran feed, comprises the following steps:
1) glossy ganoderma is gathered after remaining cultivation base-material bacterium rod be broken into the bacterium chaff in small, broken bits of 80 mesh sieves, fully mix according to described ratio with corn flour, dregs of beans, wheat bran powder, salt, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, obtain mixed material;
2) get enzyme preparation and leavening and call in water, stir and soak 2-6 hour, make the activation zymotic fluid that contains 1 ‰～5 ‰ enzyme preparations and leavening standby;
3) by step 2) zymotic fluid that obtains adds step 1) mixed material in, mixed material per ton adds the zymotic fluid of 300～400 kilograms, after stirring, add again suitable quantity of water, compound is adjusted to the wet feed of water content 60%, with hand, pinches and agglomeratingly do not drip, one touches i.e. loose being advisable;
4) by step 3) compound sealing after the inoculating starter that obtains, anaerobic fermentation 7～30d, after fermenting-ripening, obtains mixed feed of the present invention.
Step 1) pulverize the bacterium chaff in small, broken bits of mistake 80 mesh sieves that obtain, can directly utilize, also can dry and store for future use; Step 2) described leavening can be HEM bacterium, also can use No. 1 active bacteria formulation bacterial classification of dawn.
The present invention also provides a kind of and is called Ganoderma Lucidum chaff mixed feed with the formulated mixed feed of ganoderma lucidum bran feed, wherein contains the described ganoderma lucidum bran feed that is no more than 35% percentage by weight.
The present invention also provides the application of described ganoderma lucidum bran feed in animal feeding.
Can with different ratios, described ganoderma lucidum bran feed be added in conventional animal feed according to the difference in the difference of letting animals feed kind and growth period, make complete feed, pellet, obtain mixed feed, for letting animals feed.
According to the percentage meter that accounts for feed gross weight, the amount that ganoderma lucidum bran feed adds in mixed feed is no more than 35%, and the concrete interpolation scheme of various animals is as follows:
In fertile swine rearing, take each stage complete feed nutritional requirement as basis, according to changes of weight, add ganoderma lucidum bran feed: body weight 20～30kg adds and is no more than 5%, 30～40kg adds 5～10%, 40～60kg adds 10～15%, and 60～80kg adds 15～20%, and 80～100kg adds 20～25%.
In the raising of chicken, in the complete feed of chicken according to adding ganoderma lucidum bran feed all ages of chicken: the baby chick of 0～2 week adds and is no more than 5%; The middle chicken of 2～4 weeks adds 5～10%; The large chicken of 4～6 weeks adds 10～20%; The large chicken of 6～8 weeks adds 20～30%.
In the raising of goose, in the full feeding phase, directly in goose feed, add 5～35% ganoderma lucidum bran feed.
In the raising of sheep, in the full feeding phase, directly in the concentrated feed sheep, add 5～35% ganoderma lucidum bran feed.
In the raising of ox, in the full feeding phase, directly ox, raise the ganoderma lucidum bran feed that adds 5～35% in concentrated feed.
In the cultivation of fish, in the full feeding phase, directly in fish meal, add 5～20% ganoderma lucidum bran feed.
The present invention utilizes ganoderma lucidum bran feed Substitute For Partial feed grain, can realize minimizing or exempt to use antibiotic veterinary method.By nutritional labeling, detect and raise big porker test and can prove that mixed feed of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. due to cultivation of glossy ganoderma batching adjusting and Ganoderma Lucidum degraded acting in conjunction, the Ganoderma Lucidum chaff mixed feed of making, nutritional labeling can meet animal feed requirement completely.Crude fibre 4.10%～5.07%, crude protein 16.00%～16.36%, crude fat 1.10%～1.97%, digestible energy 3500～4000Kcal/kg.Ganoderma lucidum bran feed feeds pigs, and does not substantially affect the weightening finish of pig.
2. pig-keeping experiment proves, in the growth overall process of pig, edible fungi residue feed adds 25% to from 5%, and average adding proportion is 15% left and right, and every pig is supported and delivers for sale from piglet, approximately adds bacterium chaff 45kg, is equivalent to every pig and saves feed grain 40kg left and right.By 3.0 yuan of calculating of every kilogram of feed, every pig is saved 120 yuan of costs, is equivalent to feed per ton and saves 450 yuan of costs.
3. Ganoderma Lucidum chaff contains abundant GL-B and triterpenic acid equally, and they are improved immunity and the antineoplastic effect of animal.Pig-keeping experiment result proves, the spring in 2011, is subject to the impact of consecutive low temperature, pig-keeping experiment field, Wenchang has nearly 1/3 big porker sick, and the big porker that adopts Ganoderma Lucidum chaff mixed feed to raise, flushes, sick pig is few, and the T cell of pig blood, red blood cell, leucocyte index are very stable, all in normal range (NR).And the big porker that conventional feed is raised, three cell indexs are very chaotic, and sick pig is many.
4. Ganoderma Lucidum chaff mixed feed reduces the effect of cholesterol and triglycerides in addition.Gather the big porker blood testing discovery that Ganoderma Lucidum chaff is raised, its cholesterol level and content of triglyceride are obviously lower.Big porker is butchered observed result and finds, the big porker lean meat percentage that ganoderma lucidum bran feed is raised improves 5% left and right, and fat meat is less, and pigskin is thinner, and pork mouthfeel is better.
The explanation of above situation, it is that mixed feed Substitute For Partial feed grain prepared by raw material is fed and raised animal that the present invention adopts Ganoderma Lucidum chaff, not only can save feed grain, reduces feed cost, can also strengthen animal immunizing power, improves meat quality.Ganoderma Lucidum chaff mixed feed is not only the effective ways of safety cultivation, is also improved pork lean meat percentage effect.Therefore, promote the use of Ganoderma Lucidum chaff mixed feed, likely lack with or exempt from antibiotic, more meaningfully, a kind of likely develop safety and Health method improves the lean meat percentage of big porker.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1. prepares ganoderma lucidum bran feed
Experiment station, land-reclaimable academy of sciences Wenchang, Hainan Province, the rubber-woodflour Ganoderma Lucidum chaff of collection high-quality, dries and stores for future use.Get 1000 kilograms of bacterium chaffs, pulverized 80 mesh sieves, obtain bacterium chaff, be placed in mixer, simultaneously with 100 kilograms of corn flour, 70 kilograms of dregs of beans, 50 kilograms, wheat bran, 3 kilograms of salt, 10 kilograms of calcium dihydrogen phosphates, stir.Get again 1 kilogram of No. 1, vigor 99 board complex enzyme feed lipid lowering agents 2 bag (125 grams/bag), feeding compound cellulose additive 2 bags (125 grams/bag), dawn, add in 400 kilogram of 2% brown sugar cold water and activate 6 hours, then add in above compound, while stirring with leavening, until stir.Check the humidity that stirs material, humidity deficit 60%, continues to add water, until humidity is suitable.With hand, grab agglomeratingly, one touches i.e. loose being advisable.After material has stirred, proceed in 100L Plastic Drum, compacting, sealing, after anaerobic fermentation 10d, opens the fragrant of wine, shows that edible fungi residue feed is successful.
Embodiment 2. utilizes ganoderma lucidum bran feed to prepare mixed feed
The edible fungi residue feed that embodiment 1 is made, in 0.5 to 10,1 to 10,1.5 to 10,2 to 10,2.5 to 10 ratio, adds complete feed, then stirs respectively, sends into comminutor, makes Ganoderma Lucidum chaff mixed feed, and drying and packaging is standby.
The application of embodiment 3. ganoderma lucidum bran feeds in animal feeding
The Ganoderma Lucidum chaff mixed feed of embodiment 2 is used for raising growing and fattening pigs.Its raising process is that 5% edible fungi residue feed is fed 7d, 10% feed again 7d, after swine rearing edible fungi residue feed, 15% then feed 15d, then 20% feed 30d, last 25% feed 30d.By weightening finish, contrast, the big porker that Ganoderma Lucidum chaff is raised feeds pigs and increases weight 13% than conventional feed, and every pig is saved 37.5 kilograms of feed grains, the vigor of pig is stronger, and immunity is stronger, and pig cholesterolemia and triglycerides are lower, lean meat percentage is higher, and fat meat and pigskin are thinner, and pork mouthfeel is crisp sweet.
Claims (8)
1. a ganoderma lucidum bran feed, is characterized in that, it is prepared by fermentation by the raw material mixing of following weight portion: Ganoderma Lucidum chaff 500～1500, corn flour 50～150, dregs of beans 60～80, wheat bran powder 40～60, salt 2～4, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 5～15; Described Ganoderma Lucidum chaff is the residue that cultivation base-material bacterium rod obtains after cultivating ganoderma, the component that described cultivation base-material contains following percentage by weight: wood chip 20～50%, grass meal 30～60%, wheat skin 10～20%, corn flour 1～3%, land plaster 1%, calcium carbonate 1%, pulverized limestone 0.5%～1%; Described grass meal is from imperatoria, sweet Chinese sorghum pole, hybrid giant napier, Chinese pennisetum, napier grass, bagasse or Rape Straw;
Described ganoderma lucidum bran feed is made by following methods:
1), according to weight portion meter, after glossy ganoderma is gathered, remaining cultivation base-material bacterium rod was broken into the bacterium chaff in small, broken bits of 80 mesh sieves, proportionally fully mixed with corn flour, dregs of beans, wheat bran powder, salt, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, obtained mixed material;
2) get enzyme preparation and leavening and call in water, stir and soak 2-6 hour, make the activation zymotic fluid that contains 1 ‰～5 ‰ enzyme preparations and leavening standby;
3) by step 2) zymotic fluid that obtains adds in the mixed material of step 1), and mixed material per ton adds the zymotic fluid of 300～400 kilograms, after stirring, add again suitable quantity of water, compound is adjusted to the wet feed of water content 60%, with hand, pinches and agglomeratingly do not drip, one touch loose;
4) the compound sealing after inoculating starter step 3) being obtained, anaerobic fermentation 7～30d, after fermenting-ripening, obtains described ganoderma lucidum bran feed.
2. the preparation method of ganoderma lucidum bran feed claimed in claim 1, step is as follows:
1) glossy ganoderma is gathered after remaining cultivation base-material bacterium rod be broken into the bacterium chaff in small, broken bits of 80 mesh sieves, fully mix according to described ratio with corn flour, dregs of beans, wheat bran powder, salt, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, obtain mixed material;
2) get enzyme preparation and leavening and call in water, stir and soak 2-6 hour, make the activation zymotic fluid that contains 1 ‰～5 ‰ enzyme preparations and leavening standby;
3) by step 2) zymotic fluid that obtains adds in the mixed material of step 1), and mixed material per ton adds the zymotic fluid of 300～400 kilograms, after stirring, add again suitable quantity of water, compound is adjusted to the wet feed of water content 60%, with hand, pinches and agglomeratingly do not drip, one touch loose;
4) the compound sealing after inoculating starter step 3) being obtained, anaerobic fermentation 7～30d, after fermenting-ripening, obtains described ganoderma lucidum bran feed.
3. a Ganoderma Lucidum chaff mixed feed, wherein contains the ganoderma lucidum bran feed claimed in claim 1 that is no more than 35% percentage by weight.
4. the application of ganoderma lucidum bran feed in animal feeding described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: according to the difference in the difference of letting animals feed kind and growth period, with different ratios, described ganoderma lucidum bran feed is added in animal feed to be no more than 35% part by weight, make complete feed, pellet, obtain mixed feed, be applied to letting animals feed.
5. application claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: in fertile swine rearing, each stage mixed feed, need add ganoderma lucidum bran feed according to changes of weight, body weight 20～30kg adds 0～5%, and 30～40kg adds 5～10%, and 40～60kg adds 10～15%, 60～80kg adds 15～20%, and 80～100kg adds 20～25%.
6. application claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: in the raising of chicken, in the mixed feed of chicken, according to adding ganoderma lucidum bran feed all ages of chicken, the baby chick of 0～2 week adds 0～5%; The middle chicken of 2～4 weeks adds 5～10%; The large chicken of 4～6 weeks adds 10～20%; The large chicken of 6～8 weeks adds 20～30%.
7. application claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: in the raising of ox, sheep, goose, directly in mixed feed, add 5～35% ganoderma lucidum bran feed in the full feeding phase.
8. application claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: in the cultivation of fish, directly in carp compound feed, add 5～20% ganoderma lucidum bran feed in the full feeding phase.
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