CN102533040A - 减反射涂层 - Google Patents
减反射涂层 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102533040A CN102533040A CN2011102998837A CN201110299883A CN102533040A CN 102533040 A CN102533040 A CN 102533040A CN 2011102998837 A CN2011102998837 A CN 2011102998837A CN 201110299883 A CN201110299883 A CN 201110299883A CN 102533040 A CN102533040 A CN 102533040A
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- polymer
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- polymer beads
- refractive index
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- 239000006117 anti-reflective coating Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical group C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- -1 alkyl (methyl) acrylic amide Chemical compound 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-methacrylic acid Natural products CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 6
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butenoic acid Chemical compound CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005041 Mylar™ Substances 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- GCTPMLUUWLLESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 GCTPMLUUWLLESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- MNAHQWDCXOHBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylpropane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MNAHQWDCXOHBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- XZKRXPZXQLARHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-dienylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XZKRXPZXQLARHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1CCCCC1 OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYIBGDKNYYMMAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;terephthalic acid Chemical compound OCCO.OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 FYIBGDKNYYMMAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N itaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- KNCYXPMJDCCGSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidine-2,6-dione Chemical compound O=C1CCCC(=O)N1 KNCYXPMJDCCGSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMARGGQEAJXRFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C ZMARGGQEAJXRFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C=CCOC1=NC(OCC=C)=NC(OCC=C)=N1 BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCJAYIGMMRQRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butyliminomethyl]phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=NCCCCN=CC1=CC=CC=C1O CCJAYIGMMRQRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZDXRPVSAKWYDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-2-(prop-2-enoxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)COCC=C LZDXRPVSAKWYDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHSHLMUCYSAUQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(O)COC(=O)C(C)=C VHSHLMUCYSAUQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoxyprop-1-ene Chemical compound C=CCOCC=C ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOJWAAUYNWGQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XOJWAAUYNWGQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPIFGDQKSSMYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7,7-dimethyloctanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(O)=O YPIFGDQKSSMYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100026735 Coagulation factor VIII Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101000911390 Homo sapiens Coagulation factor VIII Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000863032 Trieres Species 0.000 description 1
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940086737 allyl sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZPOLOEWJWXZUSP-WAYWQWQTSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) (z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCC=C ZPOLOEWJWXZUSP-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC=C QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPMBRWOOISTHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MPMBRWOOISTHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043232 butyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006353 environmental stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AFSIMBWBBOJPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C AFSIMBWBBOJPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012628 flowing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC=C RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylformamide Chemical compound C=CNC=O ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXQBGBUZLWZPKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-prop-2-enoylbuta-2,3-dienamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NC(=O)C=C=C XXQBGBUZLWZPKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZDHCZVWCTKTBRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N omega-Hydroxydodecanoic acid Natural products OCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDHCZVWCTKTBRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC=C FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTECDUFMBMSHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C=C QTECDUFMBMSHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KFAIYPBIFILLEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium(i) oxide Chemical compound [Tl]O[Tl] KFAIYPBIFILLEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0216—Coatings
- H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/02168—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells the coatings being antireflective or having enhancing optical properties for the solar cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08L33/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract
减反射涂层,一种组合物，其包含聚合物颗粒，所述聚合物颗粒的平均粒径为0.5-30纳米，维氏标度硬度为100-700千克力/毫米2。所述组合物还包含Tg不高于80℃的成膜聚合物。在400-1100纳米测得的所述聚合物颗粒和成膜聚合物之间的平均折射率之差不大于0.04。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可以用于形成减反射涂层的组合物，所述减反射涂层可以特别有效地用来构建光伏组件。
背景技术
用来选择部分光谱的滤光器是人们众所周知的。例如，美国专利第4,501,470号揭示了一种用于该用途的光带通滤光器。但是，此种滤光器需要一系列的具有不同组成和折射率的层。
本发明所要解决的问题是提供一种可以用来形成减反射膜的涂料，所述减反射膜可以特别有效地用来构建光伏组件。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种组合物，该组合物包含聚合物颗粒和Tg不高于80℃的成膜聚合物，所述聚合物颗粒具有以下性质：(a)平均粒径为0.5-30微米；(b)维氏标度硬度(Vicker’s scale hardness)为100-700千克力/毫米2；其中，在400-1100纳米测得的所述聚合物颗粒和成膜聚合物的平均折射率之差不大于0.04，在大于1100纳米或者小于400纳米测得的聚合物颗粒和成膜聚合物的平均折射率之差至少为0.04。
本发明还涉及一种膜，所述膜包含聚合物颗粒和Tg不高于80℃的连续聚合物相，所述聚合物颗粒具有以下性质：(a)平均粒径为0.5-30微米；以及(b)维氏标度硬度为100-700千克力/毫米2；其中，在400-1100纳米测得的所述聚合物颗粒和所述连续聚合物相的平均折射率之差不大于0.04，在大于1100纳米或小于400纳米测得的聚合物颗粒和连续聚合物相的平均折射率之差至少为0.04；所述聚合物颗粒之间的平均距离为0.85-30微米。
本发明还涉及一种组合物，该组合物包含(a)聚合物颗粒；(b)沸点不高于140℃的非水性溶剂；和(c)成膜聚合物；所述聚合物颗粒具有以下性质：(i)平均粒径为0.5-30微米；(ii)维氏标度硬度(Vicker’s scale hardness)为100-700千克力/毫米2；其中，在400-1100纳米测得的所述聚合物颗粒和成膜聚合物的平均折射率之差不大于0.04，在大于1100纳米或者小于400纳米测得的聚合物颗粒和成膜聚合物的平均折射率之差至少为0.04。
发明详述
除非另外说明，百分数为重量百分数(重量％)，温度的单位为℃。除非另外说明，折射率(RI)的值是在20℃用钠的D线测定的，其中λ＝589.29纳米。“非水性”溶剂是基本不含水的溶剂，即其水含量小于0.3％，优选小于0.2％，优选小于0.1％，优选小于0.05％，优选小于0.02％。沸点在环境压力下测量，即在101千帕测得。聚合物颗粒包含有机聚合物，优选加成聚合物，优选基本是球形的。测得的平均粒径是算术平均粒径。Tg值使用福克斯公式，由均聚物的Tg值计算；见美国物理学会会刊(Bulletin of the American Physical Society)1，3，第123页(1956)。颗粒中组成变化的聚合物颗粒的Tg为颗粒中不同组成的Tg值的重量平均值。根据加入多段聚合物的某段的聚合混合物的单体的总重量计算各段的单体的重量百分数。在本文中，术语“(甲基)丙烯酸类”表示丙烯酸类或甲基丙烯酸类，“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”表示丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯。术语“(甲基)丙烯酰胺”指丙烯酰胺(AM)或甲基丙烯酰胺(MAM)。“丙烯酸类单体”包括丙烯酸(AA)，甲基丙烯酸(MAA)，AA和MAA的酯，衣康酸(IA)，巴豆酸(CA)，丙烯酰胺(AM)，甲基丙烯酰胺(MAM)，以及AM和MAM的衍生物，例如烷基(甲基)丙烯酰胺。AA和MAA的酯包括但不限于烷基酯、羟烷基酯、磷酸烷基酯和磺基烷基酯，例如甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)，甲基丙烯酸乙酯(EMA)，甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)，甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)，丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)，甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPMA)，丙烯酸羟丁酯(HBA)，丙烯酸甲酯(MA)，丙烯酸乙酯(EA)，丙烯酸丁酯(BA)，丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯(EHA)，甲基丙烯酸环己酯(CHMA)，丙烯酸苄酯(BzA)和甲基丙烯酸磷酸烷基酯(例如PEM)。“苯乙烯类单体”包括苯乙烯，α-甲基苯乙烯；2-，3-或4-烷基苯乙烯，包括甲基-苯乙烯和乙基-苯乙烯。
术语“乙烯基单体”表示一种单体，其包含与氮或氧之类的杂原子相连的碳-碳双键。乙烯基单体的例子包括但不限于乙酸乙烯酯，乙烯基甲酰胺，乙烯基乙酰胺，乙烯基吡咯烷酮，乙烯基己内酰胺，以及长链乙烯基链烷酸酯，例如新癸酸乙烯基酯和硬脂酸乙烯基酯。
较佳的是，所述聚合物颗粒的维氏标度硬度(Vicker’s scale hardness)为150-600千克力/毫米2，优选为200-500千克力/毫米2，优选为240-400千克力/毫米2。维氏硬度是使用具有金刚石尖头的标准硬度测量计测定的。硬度根据式Hv＝1.85444(P/d2)确定，其中P是负荷，单位为千克，d2是压痕的面积，单位为毫米2。使用岛津微型压力试验机(Shimadzu Micro Compression TestingMachine)MCT 500测量本发明的颗粒的硬度。
较佳的是，所述聚合物颗粒是以下的颗粒：(a)Tg为75-150℃的颗粒；(b)包含至少0.5％的交联剂聚合残基的颗粒；或它们的组合。当所述颗粒的Tg为-50℃至75℃的时候，优选所述颗粒包含至少0.5％的交联剂的残基，优选至少0.75％，优选至少1％，优选至少1.25％，优选至少1.5％，优选至少2％，优选至少3％，优选至少5％。Tg为75-150℃的颗粒可以包含上文所述的量的交联剂残基，或者其中交联剂残基的含量可以低得多。所述聚合物颗粒还可以是高度交联的，具有高Tg，例如通过二乙烯基芳族单体(例如二乙烯基苯)或者单体混合物聚合形成的颗粒，所述单体混合物包含大量的二乙烯基芳族单体，优选至少30％，优选至少50％，优选至少70％，优选至少80％，以及其它的单体，优选苯乙烯类或丙烯酸类单体。
较佳的是，所述聚合物颗粒的平均粒径至少为0.8微米，优选至少为1微米，优选至少为1.5微米，优选至少为2微米，优选至少为2.5微米；优选这些颗粒的平均粒径不大于20微米，优选不大于15微米，优选不大于12微米，优选不大于10微米，优选不大于8微米，优选不大于6微米。较佳的是，所述聚合物颗粒具有单峰的粒度分布；优选所述粒度分布的半峰宽为0.1-3微米，优选0.2-1.5微米。所述组合物或膜可以包含具有不同的平均粒径的颗粒，前提是各种平均粒径的颗粒具有上文所述的粒度分布。所述粒度分布使用粒度分析仪测定。较佳的是，所述聚合物颗粒和成膜聚合物以多段聚合物颗粒的形式结合，所述多段聚合物颗粒的平均粒径至少为1.5微米，优选至少为1.8微米，优选至少为2微米，优选至少为3微米。较佳的是，所述多段聚合物颗粒的平均粒径不大于20微米，优选不大于15微米，优选不大于12微米，优选不大于10微米，优选不大于9微米，优选不大于8微米，优选不大于7微米。较佳的是，所述多段聚合物颗粒是两段颗粒，即至少70％的所述颗粒具有本文所述的聚合物颗粒和成膜聚合物的性质，优选至少80％，优选至少90％，优选至少95％。所述粒度分布使用粒度分析仪测定。
较佳的是，所述聚合物颗粒的Tg为75-150℃。较佳的是，所述聚合物颗粒的Tg至少为80℃，优选至少为85℃，优选至少为90℃，优选至少为95℃。较佳的是，所述聚合物颗粒的Tg不高于140℃，优选不高于130℃，优选不高于120℃。较佳的是，所述成膜聚合物或连续聚合物相的Tg不高于70℃，优选不高于60℃，优选不高于50℃，优选不高于40℃，优选不高于30℃，优选不高于20℃，优选不高于10℃，优选不高于0℃，优选不高于-10℃。较佳的是，所述成膜聚合物或连续聚合物相的Tg至少为-50℃，优选至少为-40℃，优选至少为-30℃。较佳的是，所述聚合物颗粒是具有径向折射率梯度的聚合物颗粒(“GRIN”颗粒，例如参见US 20090097123)。较佳的是，GRIN颗粒中心的折射率为1.45-1.59，优选为1.45-1.55，优选为1.46-1.5；表面的折射率为1.57-1.63，优选为1.58-1.62，优选为1.58-1.61。较佳的是，GRIN颗粒是至少包括丙烯酸类第一段的多段颗粒。较佳的是，所述GRIN颗粒具有第二段，所述第二段的Tg至少为80℃，优选至少为90℃，优选至少为100℃。较佳的是，所述第二段包含苯乙烯类单体和/或甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合残基。较佳的是，所述第一段占颗粒的30-95％，优选50-90％，优选65-85％。较佳的是，所述第一段和第二段各自包含至少1％的交联剂的聚合残基，优选至少2％，优选至少3％。可以在所述“第一段”或“第二段”之间或任意侧具有包含其他单体的其它的段，前提是所述第一段和第二段总共占颗粒的至少80％，优选至少85％，优选至少90％，优选至少95％。
本文所述的折射率之差是绝对值。较佳的是，在400-1100纳米测得的所述聚合物颗粒与成膜聚合物之间、或者聚合物颗粒与连续聚合物相之间的折射率之差(即差值的绝对值)不大于0.03，优选不大于0.02，优选不大于0.015，优选不大于0.01。较佳的是，在低于400纳米和高于1100纳米测得的所述聚合物颗粒和成膜聚合物之间、或者聚合物颗粒与连续聚合物相之间的折射率之差至少为0.05，优选至少为0.06，优选至少为0.07，优选至少为0.08。较佳的是，在大于1100纳米测得的折射率是在1100-2500纳米测得的，在小于400纳米测得的折射率是在190-400纳米测得的。较佳的是，所述聚合物颗粒的折射率为1.45至1.7，优选为1.46-1.6，优选为1.47-1.55。较佳的是，所述成膜聚合物或连续聚合物相的折射率为1.4至1.6，优选为1.45至1.55，优选为1.46至1.53。当所述聚合物颗粒是GRIN颗粒的时候，其用来计算折射率之差的折射率是颗粒表面处的折射率。
在本发明的组合物中，所述成膜聚合物与聚合物颗粒的重量比优选为3∶1至6∶1，优选为2∶3至3∶1。在膜的连续相中，聚合物颗粒之间的平均距离是颗粒之间的中心到中心的距离。较佳的是，该距离是0.9-14微米，优选为2-15微米，优选为3-10微米。
较佳的是，所述成膜聚合物或连续聚合物相包含至少60％的丙烯酸类单体的聚合残基，优选至少70％，优选至少80％，优选至少90％，优选至少95％。较佳的是，所述成膜聚合物或连续聚合物相包含35-70％的(甲基)丙烯酸C4-C12烷基酯的聚合残基，优选40-65％，优选45-65％。较佳的是，所述(甲基)丙烯酸C4-C12烷基酯是丙烯酸C4-C12烷基酯，优选是丙烯酸C4-C10烷基酯，优选是BA和/或EHA。较佳的是，所述成膜聚合物或连续聚合物相还包含30-65％的(甲基)丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯的聚合残基，优选35-60％，优选35-55％，还包含0-5％的酸单体(例如AA，MAA，IA，CA)的聚合残基，还包含少量的乙烯基单体的残基。较佳的是，所述(甲基)丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯是(甲基)丙烯酸C1-C2烷基酯，优选是MMA和/或EMA。
较佳的是，所述成膜聚合物或连续聚合物相包括双酚A的缩水甘油醚，线型酚醛清漆树脂，与氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷混合的三苯基甲烷的三缩水甘油醚。
较佳的是，与非水性溶剂混合的成膜聚合物是光学透明的，即所述成膜聚合物在400-800纳米(在150微米厚度条件下测得)的透光率至少为50％，优选至少为75％，优选至少为95％。较佳的是，所述聚合物是在加工条件或使用条件下不会结晶的热塑性聚合物，也就是说，其玻璃化转变温度约高于50℃，因此在结合本发明的聚合物颗粒之后是无定形的，在加工形成本发明的膜之后仍然是无定形。所述聚合物的弹性模量通常约为1400-3500兆帕(MPa)，可以通过模塑、浇铸、挤出、或者本领域技术人员熟知的其它方法进行成形，制成成形的制品。还可使用较软的基质聚合物，包括能够增塑的聚合物，例如聚(乙酸乙烯酯)，增塑的氯乙烯均聚物和共聚物，增塑的纤维素酯等。优选的另一类可用于本发明的基质聚合物是热固性聚合物。所述聚合物可以制得的时候即为热固性的，例如包含足量多官能单体的聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)，使得膜固定，或者所述聚合物可以在聚合完成以后是热固性的，例如通过对聚合后的片材进行加热而活化固化反应。这些可热固的基质聚合物的例子包括甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯、氯乙烯等的均聚物，甲基丙烯酸甲酯的酰亚胺化聚合物(被称为聚戊二酰亚胺)，以及以下共聚物：甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物，苯乙烯和最高40％的丙烯腈的共聚物，苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物，α-甲基苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯以及丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物，氯乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯或丙烯的共聚物，可以使用相容性或折射率匹配的基质聚合物的共混物。优选的基质聚合物是甲基丙烯酸甲酯与1-15％的丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物，其中所述烷基包含1-8个碳原子，还包含0.05-2％含量的多官能二甲基丙烯酸酯单体，或者包含0.05-5％含量的丙烯酰胺和N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺。所述热固性聚合物不一定由乙烯基单体形成，而可以通过缩聚或开环聚合反应制备，例如通过在多官能二醇的存在下通过聚酯化反应制备，或者在三官能环氧化物的存在下通过环氧化物聚合反应制备。这些聚合物的例子包括甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯、氯乙烯等的均聚物，甲基丙烯酸甲酯的酰亚胺化聚合物(被称为聚戊二酰亚胺)，以及以下共聚物：甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物，苯乙烯和最高40％的丙烯腈的共聚物，苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物，α-甲基苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯以及丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物，氯乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯或丙烯的共聚物，所述丙烯酸烷基酯的烷基包含1-8个碳原子。其它合适的是乙酸-丁酸纤维素的均聚物和共聚物，以及某些无定形缩聚物，例如聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)和聚(对苯二甲酸环己烷二甲醇酯)。优选的基质聚合物是甲基丙烯酸甲酯与约1-15％的丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物，其中烷基包含约1-8个碳原子。
较佳的是，所述与非水性溶剂混合的聚合物颗粒包含至少3％的交联剂的聚合残基，优选至少3.5％，优选至少4％，优选至少5％，优选至少6％。
较佳的是，所述溶剂的沸点至少为35℃，优选至少为40℃。优选的溶剂包括甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲苯、异丙醇、乙醇和二甲苯。
交联剂是包含两个或更多个烯键式不饱和基团的单体、或者偶联剂(例如硅烷)或离子型交联剂(例如金属氧化物)。具有两个或更多个烯键式不饱和基团的交联剂可以包括例如，二乙烯基芳族化合物，二-、三-和四-(甲基)丙烯酸酯，二-、三-和四-烯丙基醚或酯化合物，以及(甲基)丙烯酸烯丙酯。这些单体的优选例子包括二乙烯基苯(DVB)，三羟甲基丙烷二烯丙基醚，四烯丙基季戊四醇，三烯丙基季戊四醇，二烯丙基季戊四醇，邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯，马来酸二烯丙酯，氰脲酸三烯丙酯，双酚A二烯丙基醚，烯丙基蔗糖，亚甲基二丙烯酰胺，三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯，甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯(ALMA)，二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)，二丙烯酸1，6-己二醇酯(HDDA)和二甲基丙烯酸丁二醇酯(BGDMA)。较佳的是，所述成膜聚合物或连续聚合物相中的聚合的交联剂残基的量不大于0.2％，优选不大于0.1％，优选不大于0.05％，优选不大于0.02％，优选不大于0.01％。较佳的是，所述Tg为75-150℃的聚合物颗粒中的聚合的交联剂残基的量不大于0.5％，优选不大于0.3％，优选不大于0.2％，优选不大于0.1％，优选不大于0.05％。较佳的是，如果包含交联剂，交联剂的分子量为100-250，优选为110-230，优选为110-200，优选为115-160。较佳的是，交联剂是双官能或三官能的，即其分别为二烯键式或三烯键式不饱和的，优选是双官能的。
较佳的是，本发明的组合物是本发明的聚合物颗粒的水乳液，其固体含量优选为35-65％，优选为40-60％；或者是相同含量的聚合物颗粒在溶剂中的分散体。当在多段颗粒中将聚合物颗粒与成膜聚合物结合的时候，优选通过多段乳液聚合，由合适的单体制备所述组合物。较佳的是，有两个聚合段，在这些聚合段中，将不同的单体组合物引入聚合，但是可以用更多的段制备所述颗粒，以提供本文所述的总体组成。较佳的是，所述组合物和所述膜基本不含颜料或固体无机颗粒，即这些组分的含量小于0.5重量％，优选小于0.2重量％，优选小于0.1重量％，优选小于0.05重量％。
也可以通过以下方式形成本发明的膜：用所述聚合物颗粒和反应性组分对表面进行涂覆，所述反应性组分将会形成包围所述颗粒的连续聚合物相，例如双组分聚氨酯体系或环氧-引发剂体系。
本发明的组合物可以为水性分散体的形式，例如碱性、阴离子型或非离子型，还可以包含添加剂。优选的添加剂包括例如，硅氧烷偶联剂，流动剂或润湿剂，增稠剂和/或流变改性剂，固化剂，抗氧化剂，聚结性溶剂和增塑剂。较佳的是，加入一种或多种硅氧烷偶联剂，例如包含环氧或胺官能团的硅氧烷偶联剂，以改进与玻璃和塑料的附着性。特别优选的硅氧烷偶联剂包括例如，(3-缩水甘油氧基丙基)三甲氧基硅烷和N-β-(氨基乙基)-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷，其用量优选为0.25-5重量％，优选为0.5-3重量％，所述含量以组合物中的固体聚合物的总重量为基准计。
较佳的是，包含本发明的聚合物颗粒的膜是通过以下方式制备的：将本发明的聚合物颗粒的水乳液施涂在固体基材上，使得涂层干燥。所述膜还可以通过以下方式制备：如上文所述，施涂聚合物颗粒在溶剂或反应体系中的分散体。较佳的是，所述基材是玻璃、木材、皮革或光学透明的塑料，例如聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)；优选是玻璃或光学透明的塑料。较佳的是，用于该应用的塑料和玻璃的折射率从最小值聚偏二氟乙烯的1.4到氧化铊(Tl2O)掺杂的玻璃的1.8。较佳的是，所述湿涂层的厚度为2-30密耳(0.05-0.76毫米)，优选为4-20密耳(0.1-50毫米)，优选为6-12密耳(0.15-0.3毫米)。认为所述平均直径为0.5-15微米的聚合物颗粒发生缔合，形成基本为面心立方或六方紧密堆积结构的芯的基体，而外层形成连续聚合物相。
实施例
实施例1
本实施例描述了用5微米的梯度折射率(GRIN)颗粒配制的涂料组合物。使用的材料如下表1所示。
表1
实施例2-7
本实施例显示了使用化学组成为(80％BA/ALMA＝96/4)//20％(MMA/EA＝96/4)的5微米的GRIN颗粒和成膜聚合物(80％(EA/AA＝96.5/3.5)//20％(MMA)，(FFP)(称作粘合剂)制备各种涂料。使用1.5密耳和3密耳的伯德涂膜器以及#15和#25Dow刮涂棒将具有各种珠粒加载量的涂料配制物涂覆在Mylar膜上，得到各种厚度。由该涂料得到的测试膜的尺寸如下：77毫米×56毫米×3毫米。通过以下方法对这些样品进行评价：ASTMD 10003-00(透明塑料的雾度和透光率的标准测试法)和ASTM E 313-00(由仪器测量的色坐标计算黄度和白度指数的标准作法)。数据记录在表3中。涂层对PV单元性能(cell performance)的影响记作相对于未涂覆的玻璃基材的PV单元效率，见表7。
表2
表3
实施例：8-13
这些实施例显示了由化学组成为(80％BzA/ALMA＝96/4)//20％(MMA/EA＝96/4)(BZA)的5微米的GRIN颗粒和粘合剂成膜聚合物FFP制备各种涂料组合物。使用1.5密耳和3密耳的伯德涂膜器以及#15和#25Dow刮涂棒将具有各种珠粒加载量的涂料配制物涂覆在Mylar膜上，得到各种厚度。由该涂料得到的测试膜的尺寸如下：77毫米×56毫米×3毫米。通过以下方法对这些样品进行评价：ASTM D 10003-00(透明塑料的雾度和透光率的标准测试法)和ASTM E 313-00(由仪器测量的色坐标计算黄度和白度指数的标准作法)。数据记录在表4中。涂层对PV单元性能的影响记作相对于未涂覆的玻璃基材的PV单元效率，见表7。
表4
表5
实施例：14-19
这些实施例显示了由化学组成为(77％MMA/DVB＝77/23)(LTL-4603)的5.11微米的颗粒和粘合剂成膜聚合物制备各种涂料组合物。使用1.5密耳和3密耳的伯德涂膜器以及#15和#25Dow刮涂棒将具有各种珠粒加载量的涂料配制物涂覆在Mylar膜上，得到各种厚度。由该涂料得到的测试膜的尺寸如下：77毫米×56毫米×3毫米。通过以下方法对这些样品进行评价：ASTM D10003-00(透明塑料的雾度和透光率的标准测试法)和ASTM E 313-00(由仪器测量的色坐标计算黄度和白度指数的标准作法)。数据记录在表4中。涂层对PV单元性能的影响记作相对于未涂覆的玻璃基材的PV单元效率，见表7。
表6
表7
表8珠粒以及粘合剂成膜聚合物(FFP)的折射率
Claims (10)
1.一种组合物，该组合物包含聚合物颗粒和Tg不高于80℃的成膜聚合物，所述聚合物颗粒具有以下性质：(a)平均粒径为0.5-30微米；(b)维氏标度硬度为100-700千克力/毫米2；其中，在400-1100纳米测得的所述聚合物颗粒和成膜聚合物的平均折射率之差不大于0.04，在大于1100纳米或者小于400纳米测得的聚合物颗粒和成膜聚合物的平均折射率之差至少为0.04。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征在于，在400-1100纳米测得的所述聚合物颗粒和成膜聚合物的平均折射率之差不大于0.03。
3.如权利要求2所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述平均粒径为1-10微米。
4.如权利要求3所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述聚合物颗粒的折射率梯度为1.46-1.6。
5.一种膜，所述膜包含聚合物颗粒和Tg不高于80℃的连续聚合物相，所述聚合物颗粒具有以下性质：(a)平均粒径为0.5-30微米；以及(b)维氏标度硬度为100-700千克力/毫米2；其中，在400-1100纳米测得的所述聚合物颗粒和所述连续聚合物相的平均折射率之差不大于0.04，在大于1100纳米或小于400纳米测得的聚合物颗粒和连续聚合物相的平均折射率之差至少为0.04；所述聚合物颗粒之间的平均距离为0.85-30微米。
6.如权利要求5所述的膜，其特征在于，在400-1100纳米测得的所述聚合物颗粒和连续聚合物相的平均折射率之差不大于0.03。
7.如权利要求6所述的膜，其特征在于，所述平均粒径为1-10微米。
8.如权利要求7所述的膜，其特征在于，所述聚合物颗粒的折射率为1.46-1.6。
9.一种组合物，该组合物包含(a)聚合物颗粒；(b)沸点不高于140℃的非水性溶剂；和(c)成膜聚合物；所述聚合物颗粒具有以下性质：(i)平均粒径为0.5-30微米；(ii)维氏标度硬度(Vicker’s scale hardness)为100-700千克力/毫米2；其中，在400-1100纳米测得的所述聚合物颗粒和成膜聚合物的平均折射率之差不大于0.04，在大于1100纳米或者小于400纳米测得的聚合物颗粒和成膜聚合物的平均折射率之差至少为0.04。
10.如权利要求9所述的组合物，其特征在于，在400-1100纳米测得的所述聚合物颗粒和所述成膜聚合物的平均折射率之差不大于0.03；所述平均粒径为1-10微米；所述聚合物颗粒的折射率梯度为1.46至1.6。
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| CN106232705A (zh) * | 2014-04-15 | 2016-12-14 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 经增强的触觉反应性和光学半透明包装用薄膜 |
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| EP2431423A2 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
| TW201217451A (en) | 2012-05-01 |
| US20120070656A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
| JP2012073602A (ja) | 2012-04-12 |
| CN102533040B (zh) | 2015-01-07 |
| JP2014221912A (ja) | 2014-11-27 |
| US8563130B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 |
| EP2431423A3 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
| KR20120030968A (ko) | 2012-03-29 |
| KR101296146B1 (ko) | 2013-08-19 |
| TWI443139B (zh) | 2014-07-01 |
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