CN102470747B - 用于具有电动机器的门式车桥的机动车的推进装置 - Google Patents
用于具有电动机器的门式车桥的机动车的推进装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的驱动设备(1),具有一个空心门式车桥(2)和减速齿轮机构(8,9),该门式车桥容纳两个电动机器(4),在各自的情况下在该门式车桥(2)的两个末端的区域可旋转地安装一个车轮(12)并且每个车轮(12)可通过与该车轮相关联的电动机器(4)被驱动;该减速齿轮机构被安排在对应的电动机器(4)和与该电动机器相关联的该车轮(12)之间。本发明的目的是在这种类型的驱动设备中提供从对应的车轮到减速齿轮机构的一种分立连接,所述连接允许车轮以非刚性的方式被安装。根据本发明,这样安排,使得该对应的减速齿轮机构(8,9)通过一个万向轴(10)连接至与该减速齿轮机构(8,9)相关联的车轮(12)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的驱动设备,该驱动设备具有一个空心门式车桥,该门式车桥容纳两个电动机器,在各自情况下在该门式车桥的两个末端的区域中可旋转地安装一个车轮并且每个车轮可仅通过与所述车轮相关联的电动机器而被驱动,并且该驱动设备具有一个减速齿轮机构,该减速齿轮机构被安排在对应的电动机器和与所述电动机器相关联的车轮之间。
背景技术
从DE29518401U1中已知在一种多功能车辆中使用了这种类型的驱动设备。这种多功能车辆是一辆用于运送人员的城市客车。在城市客车里,要求将一个车厢地板(carriagefloor)安置在低水平处并且延伸通过整个客车,特别是后桥的区域,该后桥是一种刚性车桥的形式。为了实现这一点,该空心门式车桥配备有两个电动机器,这些电动机器由所述门式车桥容纳并且它们是电驱动电动机的形式。一个减速齿轮机构(它是一种直齿轮级(spurgearstage)的形式)被安排在对应的电动机器和与所述电动机器相关联的车轮之间。
从DE29611867U1中还已知一种具有在前言中提到类型的多个特征的驱动设备。
DE4434237A1披露了一种车辆的车桥,这种车桥具有两个电动单轮驱动器,特别是用于农用车辆。这两个单轮驱动器能够通过一个离合器以一种压力配合(force-fitting)的方式被连接,以便在车辆车桥的这些驱动车轮承受非均匀载荷的情况下避免一个单轮驱动器在一个相对长的时间段里过载。将对应的电动单轮驱动器连接到一个减速齿轮机构上,该减速齿轮机构是一种直齿轮级的形式,并且所述减速齿轮机构被连接到一个行星齿轮机构上,该行星齿轮机构被连接到与这个单轮驱动器相关联的车轮上。车轮的轴是相对于电动机的转子的旋转轴线径向偏置地安排的。用于对应的电动机的电输入能量具体地是由受该车辆自身的内燃发动机驱动的一个发电机来产生的。
DE102004003634A1披露了一种机动车辆的门式车桥驱动器,其中与对应的车轮相关的扭矩流是从一个行星齿轮机构被引入输出轴之中,该输出轴通过一个直齿轮级形式的减速齿轮机构而以一种抗扭转(rotationallyfixed)的方式被连接至车轮。
DE20213670U1描述了一种机动车辆的直接受驱动的驱动车桥,该驱动车桥具有被安装在一个公用壳体内的两个电驱动电动机。
所描述的驱动设备或车桥设计的一个缺点是(特别是如果这些设计涉及一个门式车桥)它们是一种刚性车桥的形式。出于振动和舒适性的原因,因此这种类型的驱动设备被保留用于多功能车辆(例如在客车或农用车辆中)。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在引言中提及的这种类型的驱动设备中提供从对应的车轮到减速齿轮机构的一种分立的连接,所述连接允许车轮以一种非刚性的方式被安装。
这一目的是通过以下方式实现的,即对应的减速齿轮机构通过一个万向轴连接至与这个减速齿轮机构相关联的车轮。
在减速齿轮机构和与所述减速齿轮机构相关联的车轮之间通过万向轴进行的这种压力配合连接允许传送扭矩而无需这个车桥是刚性的。结果是,与根据所讨论的现有技术的机动车辆相对比,配备有这种驱动设备的机动车辆可以配备有一个独立悬架系统。这相当大地扩展了这种驱动设备的使用领域,特别是对于小汽车而言,出于驾驶舒适性和驾驶安全性的原因,有利的是如果每个车轮能够单独地经受弹簧压缩和弹簧伸长,这就是说独立于车辆的其他车轮。
对应的万向轴优选地被设计为一种双联万向节(doublecardanjoint),并且在其端部的区域中以压力配合的方式连接至直齿轮级的一个输出轴和一个车轮轮毂。
这种门式车桥与车轮划痕的轴的径向偏置优选地由一个直齿轮级形式的减速齿轮机构来补偿。认为特别有利的是如果将一个行星齿轮机构安排在对应的电动机器与面向所述电动机器的直齿轮级之间。借助于在电动机器和与所述电动机器相关联的车轮之间的这个齿轮机构的设计,可实现将一个特别高的扭矩传输至车轮,但是能够达到的最大速度会减小。
这些直齿轮级和/或行星齿轮机构优选是该门式车桥的构成部分。该门式车桥尤其是被刚性地固定到机动车辆的底盘横构件及车身。
根据本发明的一个具体的实施方案,所作出的安排是使得该门式车桥具有用于容纳这两个电动机器的一个整体式壳体。因此,这些电动机器不要求在壳体外部的任何安装空间,并且由于这个原因,该门式框架能以一种节省空间的方式被安排在车辆的底架(undercarriage)区域中。认为特别有利的是如果对应的电动机器的壳体由该门式车桥的壳体形成。对应的电动机器的定子因此以一种压力配合并且抗扭转的方式被连接到这个整体式壳体,尤其是在将该整体式壳体和该对应的电动机器的定子结合之前,通过将该整体式壳体进行加热并将该对应的电动机器的定子进行冷却来实现收缩包绕。
对于这些电动机器,优选地在每种情况下提供一个旋转角度传感器或者一个旋转速度传感器用于检测电动机器转子的位置或者转子的旋转速度。为此,一个传感器配合件(该相关联的传感器检测其位置)被具体地提供在电动机器的对应的轴上。
如果提供一个扭矩传感器来检测对应的车轮的传动系中的扭矩,这也被认为是有利的。其结果是,可根据有待借助对应车轮引入的所希望的扭矩来单独地控制对应的电动驱动器。
本发明还提出了一种机动车辆,具体是一种小汽车,它具有一个前桥和一个后桥,可使该前桥和/或后桥装备有根据本发明所述的驱动设备并且具有一个独立悬架系统。特别地,这种机动车辆是如下的一种机动车辆,其中前桥装备有根据本发明所述的驱动设备,并且后桥通过一台内燃发动机来驱动。
具体地讲,这种机动车辆具有一种能量储存装置,并且这些电动机器在电动机模式和发电机模式中是有效的。
因此根据本发明的驱动设备尤其用于一种可通过混合动力驱动器来驱动的车辆中。这种混合动力系统通过附加这些另外的电动驱动机器和能量储存装置来起作用以便增加车辆的动力并且减少消耗,特别在跑车中。具体针对车轮的正或负的扭矩就能够通过这两个电动机器施加在机动车辆的前桥的这些驱动轴上。这种车辆是通过操作这些电动机器进行加速(电动机模式)或减速(发电机模式)。能量储存装置在此过程中放电或充电。重要的是在这些电动机器的扭矩之间是没有任何机械性联接的。
门式车桥的功能是将这些电动机器提供的扭矩通过合适的减速装置传输到车辆的前轮。为此,包括行星齿轮级和直齿轮级的一个两级齿轮机构在各自情况下被凸缘连接(flange-connected)到这些电动机器的输出轴。齿轮机构的这些输出轴通过多个万向轴直接连接到这些车轮上。在这种情况中,可以提供一个可分离的离合器来用于紧急情况。因此,一个多片式离合器可以形成在减速齿轮机构中在环形齿轮与壳体之间。所述离合器在没有操作的情况下是闭合的并且能够被液压地打开。所述离合器首先起到的作用是安全功能,从而使得这些电动机器可以与车轮机械地断开连接,例如在短路的情况下,并且其次起到一个部件保护装置的作用。在一个高扭矩被施加在驱动侧从而可能会损坏齿轮机构或者这些驱动轴的情况下,离合器会打滑从而减小该过度的扭矩。而打滑转矩是通过为离合器提供限定的预紧力的这些接触压力弹簧的弹簧参数来设定的。齿轮机构传动比允许显著增加通过门式车桥能够传输的最大扭矩。因此,在对应车轮上产生的扭矩能够被容易地乘以(例如)一个6至8的因数。
在根据本发明的机动车辆中,包含了这些电动机器的门式车桥具体地是相对于前桥纵向地安排的。在门式车桥两侧上的减速装置首先用于适配旋转速度并且其次用于调整Z方向上的高度,以便确保到这些万向轴的一种机械连接。为了得到一个低的重心,这种门式车桥被尽可能地安装为靠近该车辆的底架。该门式车桥优选地直接位于车辆的转向系统或者一个转向齿轮机构的后面。在这种情况下,该门式车桥可以被通用地使用,因为它是“可旋转的”,并且因此竖直方向的车桥间隔可以借助对安装件或固定装置的定位来适配于具有不同车辆高度的不同车辆。
从多个从属权利要求、下面的附图说明以及附图本身中可以获得本发明的进一步特征。
附图说明
一个优选的示例性实施方案在以下描述中将更详细地解释,并且在附图中展示,在附图中:
图1示出了根据本发明的驱动设备的三维图示,
图2是图1所示驱动设备的示意性设计,包括与该门式车桥相关联的这些车轮。
具体实施方案
装备有根据本发明所述的驱动设备的机动车辆尤其是一辆小汽车,该小汽车旨在用于比赛并且其中与后桥相关联的这些独立悬挂的车轮是由一台内燃发动机来驱动的并且其中与前桥相关联的并且同样是独立悬挂的这些车轮可由电动机来驱动,例如为了通过前轮来施加额外的驱动扭矩。以下说明涉及机动车辆在前桥区域的设计以及在这个方面根据本发明形成的驱动设备。这个驱动设备1具有一个门式车轿2,该门式车桥带有一个处于管的形式的中央壳体3。所述壳体用于容纳两个电动机器4。对应的机器4的定子5以一种抗扭转的方式被安装在壳体3中,壳体3具有机器4的壳体的功能。对应的机器4的定子5容纳有所述机器的转子6。
这个驱动设备1是关于在这些电动机器4之间并且垂直于这些转子6的旋转轴线而安排的平面对称地设计的。用来检测对应的转子6的旋转角度的一个旋转角度传感器7被安排在这个对称性的平面中。这些转子6的旋转速度还可以优选地通过处于一种旋转速度传感器形式的传感器来确定,以便因此能够根据所希望的行驶状态来致动这两个电动机器4。
该车辆具有一个能量储存装置,并且因此这些电动机器4可在电动机模式或发电机模式下是有效的。
一个行星齿轮机构8被凸缘连接到壳体3的对应的端部。以一个直齿轮级9为形式的另一个减速齿轮机构被安排在这个行星齿轮机构8相对于扭矩流的下游处。所述直齿轮级被凸缘连接到行星齿轮机构8。
至此已经说明的门式车桥2是位于前端的在前桥区域中。为了得到一个低的重心,这种门式车桥2尽可能地被定位为靠近车辆的底架。此外,门式车桥2被定位为尽可能靠近该车辆的一个转向齿轮机构。
门式车桥2在两点处通过壳体被固定到车辆的底盘横构件上。此外,两个保持件被提供在直齿轮级9上方的齿轮机构上以便被固定到车辆的车身上。
对应的电动机器4的输出轴以一种抗扭转的方式连接到相关联的行星齿轮机构8的太阳轮上。行星齿轮机构8的环形齿轮是静止的。容纳了多个行星齿轮的行星架以一种抗扭转的方式连接到直齿轮级9的小齿轮上,所述直齿轮级与该直齿轮级9的较大齿轮相啮合。
一个万向轴10(它在其两个末端的区域具有一个接头11)以一种抗扭转的方式连接到对应的直齿轮级4的输出端上。万向轴10是在所述万向轴从相关联的直齿轮级9避开的那一端的区域中以一种抗扭转的方式连接到车辆的相关联的前轮12的轮毂上,如仅被展示用于图2。这个图额外展示了用于这个对应的前轮12的一个弹簧支承件13。这旨在以一种高度简化的方式来展示车轮12的一个独立悬架系统。
图2清晰地示出在该驱动设备形成有多个万向轴10时,所述驱动设备是电动驱动的,其中这些电动机器4以及壳体3被安排在低于车轮12的旋转轴线的水平上。
在图2中,这些箭头代表扭矩箭头,用于表示对应的电动机器4的区域中的以及与所述电动机器相关联的万向轴10的区域中的扭矩,而不依赖于对应的电动机器4是否处于电动机模式或是发电机模式。
Claims (14)
1.一种用于机动车辆的驱动设备(1),该驱动设备具有一个空心的门式车桥(2)并且具有减速齿轮机构(8,9),该空心的门式车桥容纳两个电动机器(4),在各自的情况下在该门式车桥(2)的两个末端的区域中可旋转地安装一个车轮(12)并且每个车轮(12)可通过与所述车轮相关联的所述电动机器(4)而被驱动;并且所述减速齿轮机构被安排在该对应的电动机器(4)和与所述电动机器相关联的所述车轮(12)之间,其特征在于,该对应的减速齿轮机构(8,9)通过一个万向轴(10)被连接至与这个减速齿轮机构(8,9)相关联的所述车轮(12);
该门式车桥(2)具有用于容纳所述两个电动机器(4)的一个整体式壳体(3);
该对应的电动机器(4)的壳体是由该门式车桥(2)的壳体(3)形成;以及
对应的电动机器的定子因此以一种压力配合并且抗扭转的方式被连接到这个整体式壳体;
其中所述电动机器和所述壳体被安排在低于所述车轮的旋转轴线的水平上。
2.如权利要求1所述的驱动设备,其特征在于,所述减速齿轮机构(8,9)具有一个直齿轮级(9)。
3.如权利要求2所述的驱动设备,其特征在于,该对应的万向轴(10)在其末端的区域中以压力配合的方式被连接到该直齿轮级(9)的一个输出轴以及一个车轮轮毂。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的驱动设备,其特征在于,该减速齿轮机构(8,9)具有一个行星齿轮机构(8),该行星齿轮机构(8)被安排在该对应的电动机器(4)和与所述电动机器相关联的该直齿轮级(9)之间。
5.如权利要求4所述的驱动设备,其特征在于,这些直齿轮级(9)和/或该行星齿轮机构(8)是该门式车桥(2)的构成部分。
6.如权利要求1至3之一所述的驱动设备,其特征在于,提供了一个旋转角度传感器(7)或者一个旋转速度传感器用于检测该对应的电动机器(4)的转子(6)的旋转角度或旋转速度。
7.如权利要求6所述的驱动设备,其特征在于,该传感器(7)被安排在这些电动机器(4)之间。
8.如权利要求6所述的驱动设备,其特征在于,该传感器(7)被安装在该门式车桥(2)的壳体(3)内。
9.如权利要求1至3之一所述的驱动设备,其特征在于,提供了一个扭矩传感器用于检测该对应的车轮(12)的传动系中的扭矩。
10.一种机动车辆,具有一个前桥和一个后桥,该前桥和/或该后桥装备有根据权利要求1至9之一所述这些特征的一个驱动设备(1)并且具有一个独立悬架系统。
11.如权利要求10所述的机动车辆,其中该前桥装备有根据权利要求1至9之一所述这些特征的一种驱动设备,并且该后桥是通过一台内燃发动机来驱动的。
12.如权利要求10或11所述的机动车辆,其中该车辆具有一个能量储存装置,并且这些电动机器(4)在电动机模式和发电机模式中是有效的。
13.如权利要求10或11所述的机动车辆,其中该门式车桥(2)在该车辆的底架的区域中被直接安排在该机动车辆的一个转向齿轮机构的下游处。
14.如权利要求10所述的机动车辆,其中该机动车辆是一种小汽车。
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CN102666224B (zh) * | 2010-01-22 | 2015-08-05 | 日立建机株式会社 | 电驱动车辆 |
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DE102010010438A1 (de) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-01 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Fahrwerk für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer elektrichen Achse |
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2009
- 2009-07-10 DE DE102009033531A patent/DE102009033531A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-05-21 EP EP10721339.9A patent/EP2451667B1/en active Active
- 2010-05-21 WO PCT/EP2010/003144 patent/WO2011003489A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-05-21 JP JP2012518768A patent/JP2012532061A/ja active Pending
- 2010-05-21 KR KR1020127000559A patent/KR20120041730A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-05-21 CN CN201080030587.0A patent/CN102470747B/zh active Active
- 2010-05-21 US US13/383,273 patent/US8640801B2/en active Active
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WO1983002484A1 (en) * | 1982-01-12 | 1983-07-21 | Egusa, Tomoyoshi | Method of manufacturing bearing for drive wheel of vehicle |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2011003489A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
DE102009033531A1 (de) | 2011-01-20 |
KR20120041730A (ko) | 2012-05-02 |
EP2451667A1 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
JP2012532061A (ja) | 2012-12-13 |
US20120103708A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
US8640801B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 |
CN102470747A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
EP2451667B1 (en) | 2013-07-17 |
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