CN102458130A - 用于在基本上不存在病原体压力下增加农业植物的生长势和/或作物产量的方法 - Google Patents
用于在基本上不存在病原体压力下增加农业植物的生长势和/或作物产量的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102458130A CN102458130A CN2010800273649A CN201080027364A CN102458130A CN 102458130 A CN102458130 A CN 102458130A CN 2010800273649 A CN2010800273649 A CN 2010800273649A CN 201080027364 A CN201080027364 A CN 201080027364A CN 102458130 A CN102458130 A CN 102458130A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/22—Bacillus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/30—Derivatives containing the group >N—CO—N aryl or >N—CS—N—aryl
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N55/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
- A01N55/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur containing metal atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A01N59/20—Copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
Abstract
用于在基本上不存在病原体压力下增加农业植物的生长势和/或作物产量的方法,其中植物、植物繁殖体、植物的种子和/或植物正在生长或打算生长的地点用有效量的组合物处理,该组合物包含a)具有NRRL登录号B-21661的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株或其无细胞提取物和/或具有相应菌株或提取物的全部鉴定性特征的该菌株的突变体或者提取物作为组分(I),和b)任选地至少一种化学化合物作为组分(II),所述化学化合物选自活性化合物组A)至J):A)嗜球果伞素类;B)羧酰胺类;C)唑类;D)杂环化合物类;E)氨基甲酸酯类:F)其他活性物质;G)生长调节剂类;H)除草剂;J)杀虫剂。
Description
本发明涉及用于在基本上不存在病原体压力下增加农业植物的生长势和/或作物产量的方法,其中植物、植物繁殖体、植物的种子和/或植物正在生长或打算生长的地点用有效量的组合物处理,该组合物包含
a)具有NRRL登录号B-21661的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株或其无细胞提取物和/或具有相应菌株或提取物的全部鉴定性特征的该菌株的突变体或者提取物作为组分(I),和
b)任选地至少一种化学化合物作为组分(II),所述化学化合物选自活性化合物组A)至J):
A)嗜球果伞素类,其选自由以下物质组成的组:
腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、烯肟菌酯(enestroburin)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、亚胺菌(kresoxim-methyl)、叉氨苯酰胺(metominostrobin)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)、pyribencarb、肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、2-(2-(6-(3-氯-2-甲基-苯氧基)-5-氟-嘧啶-4-基氧基)-苯基)-2-甲氧亚氨基-N-甲基-乙酰胺、3-甲氧基-2-(2-(N-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-环丙烷-羰亚氨基硫烷基甲基)-苯基)-丙烯酸甲酯、(2-氯-5-[1-(3-甲基苄氧基亚氨基)乙基]苄基)氨基甲酸甲酯和2-(2-(3-(2,6-二氯苯基)-1-甲基-亚烯丙基氨氧基甲基)-苯基)-2-甲氧基亚氨基-N-甲基-乙酰胺;
B)羧酰胺类,其选自由以下物质组成的组:
·甲酰苯胺类:苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、精苯霜灵(benalaxyl-M)、麦锈灵(benodanil)、bixafen、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、萎锈灵(carboxin)、呋菌胺(fenfuram)、环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、呋吡唑灵(furametpyr)、isopyrazam、isotianil、kiralaxyl、丙氧灭锈胺(mepronil)、甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、精甲霜灵(metalaxyl-M)(mefenoxam)、甲呋酰胺(ofurace)、霜灵(oxadixyl)、氧化萎锈灵(oxycarboxin)、penthiopyrad、sedaxane、叶枯酞(tecloftalamm)、溴氟唑菌(thifluzamide)、tiadinil、2-氨基-4-甲基-噻唑-5-甲酰苯胺、2-氯-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-茚满-4-基)-烟酰胺、N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(4′-三氟甲基硫代联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(2-(1,3-二甲基-丁基)-苯基)-1,3-二甲基-5-氟-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺和N-(2-(1,3,3-三甲基-丁基)-苯基)-1,3-二甲基-5-氟-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;
·羧酸吗啉类:烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、氟吗啉(flumorph)、丁吡吗啉(pyrimorph);
·苯甲酰胺类:氟联苯菌(flumetover)、氟吡菌胺(fluopicolide)、氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)、苯酰菌胺(zoxamide)、N-(3-乙基-3,5,5-三甲基-环己基)-3-甲酰氨基-2-羟基-苯甲酰胺;
·其他羧酰胺类:氯环丙酰胺(carpropamid)、dicyclomet、双炔酰菌胺(mandiproamid)、土霉素(oxytetracyclin)、硫硅菌胺(silthiofarm)和N-(6-甲氧基-吡啶-3-基)环丙烷羧酸酰胺;
C)唑类,其选自由以下物质组成的组:
·三唑类:氧环唑(azaconazole)、双苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、糠菌唑(bromuconazole)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、醚唑(difenoconazole)、烯唑醇(diniconazole)、烯唑醇-M(diniconazole-M)、氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、喹唑菌酮(fluquinconazole)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、粉唑醇(flutriafol)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、酰胺唑(imibenconazole)、环戊唑醇(ipconazole)、环戊唑菌(metconazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、oxpoconazole、多效唑(paclobutrazole)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、硅氟唑(simeconazole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、唑菌醇(triadimenol)、戊叉唑菌(triticonazole)、烯效唑(uniconazole)、1-(4-氯-苯基)-2-([1,2,4]三唑-1-基)-环庚醇;
·咪唑类:氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、烯菌灵(imazalil)、稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)、丙氯灵(prochloraz)、氟菌唑(triflumizol);
·苯并咪唑类:苯菌灵(benomyl)、多菌灵(carbendazim)、麦穗宁(fuberidazole)、涕必灵(thiabendazole);
·其他:噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、氯唑灵(etridiazole)、土菌消(hymexazole)和2-(4-氯苯基)-N-[4-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)异唑-5-基]-2-丙-2-炔氧基乙酰胺;
D)杂环化合物类,其选自由以下物质组成的组:
·吡啶类:氟啶胺(fluazinam)、啶斑肟(pyrifenox)、3-[5-(4-氯-苯基)-2,3-二甲基-异唑烷-3-基]-吡啶、3-[5-(4-甲基-苯基)-2,3-二甲基-异唑烷-3-基]-吡啶、2,3,5,6-四-氯-4-甲磺酰基-吡啶、3,4,5-三氯吡啶-2,6-二腈、N-(1-(5-溴-3-氯-吡啶-2-基)-乙基)-2,4-二氯烟酰胺、N-[(5-溴-3-氯-吡啶-2-基)-甲基]-2,4-二氯-烟酰胺;
·嘧啶类:磺嘧菌灵(bupirimate)、环丙嘧啶(cyprodinil)、二氟林(diflumetorim)、异嘧菌醇(fenarimol)、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)、氯草定(nitrapyrin)、氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、二甲嘧菌胺(pyrimethanil);
·哌嗪类:嗪氨灵(triforine);
·吗啉类:4-十二烷基-2,6-二甲基吗啉(aldimorph)、吗菌灵(dodemorph)、吗菌灵乙酸酯(dodemorph-acetate)、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、克啉菌(tridemorph);
·哌啶类:苯锈啶(fenpropidin);
·二甲酰亚胺类:氟菌安(fluoroimid)、异丙定(iprodione)、杀菌利(procymidone)、烯菌酮(vinclozolin);
·非芳族5元杂环类:唑酮菌(famoxadone)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、flutianil、异噻菌酮(octhilinone)、噻菌灵(probenazole)、5-氨基-2-异丙基-3-氧代-4-邻甲苯-2,3-二氢-吡唑-1-硫代羟酸S-烯丙酯;
·其他:噻二唑素(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、amisulbrom、敌菌灵(anilazin)、灭瘟素(blasticidin-S)、敌菌丹(captafol)、克菌丹(captan)、灭螨猛(chinomethionat)、棉隆(dazomet)、咪菌威(debacarb)、哒菌清(diclomezine)、野燕枯(difenzoquat)、野燕枯甲基硫酸酯(difenzoquat-methylsulfate)、氰菌胺(fenoxanil)、灭菌丹(Folpet)、恶喹酸(oxolinic acid)、粉病灵(piperalin)、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、咯喹酮(pyroquilon)、喹氧灵(quinoxyfen)、咪唑嗪(triazoxide)、三环唑(tricyclazole)、2-丁氧基-6-碘-3-丙基色烯-4-酮、5-氯-1-(4,6-二甲氧基-嘧啶-2-基)-2-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑、5-氯-7-(4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶和5-乙基-6-辛基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺;
E)氨基甲酸酯类,其选自由以下物质组成的组:
·硫代和二硫代氨基甲酸酯类:福美铁(ferbam)、代森锰锌(mancozeb)、代森锰(maneb)、威百亩(metam)、磺菌威(methasulphocarb)、代森联(metiram)、甲基代森锌(propineb)、福美双(thiram)、代森锌(zineb)、福美锌(ziram);
·氨基甲酸酯类:苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb)、乙霉威(diethofencarb)、异丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)、百维灵(propamocarb)、霜霉威盐酸盐、valiphenal和N-(1-(1-(4-氰基-苯基)乙磺酰基)-丁-2-基)氨基甲酸-(4-氟苯基)酯;
F)其他活性物质,其选自由以下物质组成的组:
·胍类:胍、多果定、多果定游离碱、双胍辛胺(guazatine)、双胍辛胺乙酸盐(guazatine-acetate)、双胍辛醋酸盐(iminoctadine)、双胍辛胺三乙酸酯(iminoctadine-triacetate)、双八胍盐(iminoctadine-tris(albesilate));
·抗生素类:春雷素(kasugamycin)、春雷素盐酸盐水合物(kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate)、、链霉素、多氧霉素(polyoxins)、井岗霉素、链霉素;
·硝基苯衍生物:乐杀螨(binapacryl)、消螨通(dinobuton)、消螨普(dinocap)、异丙消(nitrthal-isopropyl)、四氯硝基苯(tecnazen),
·有机金属化合物:三苯锡基盐,如三苯锡基乙酸盐、三苯锡基盐酸盐或氢氧化三苯锡基;
·含硫的杂环基化合物:二噻农(dithianon)、稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane);
·有机磷化合物类:克瘟散(edifenphos)、藻菌磷(fosetyl)、乙磷铝(fosetyl-aluminum)、异稻瘟净(iprobenfos)、亚磷酸及其盐、定菌磷(pyrazophos)、甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl);
·有机氯化合物类:百菌清(chlorothalonil)、抑菌灵(dichlofluanid)、双氯酚(dichlorophen)、磺菌胺(flusulfamide)、六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、五氯酚(pentachlorphenole)及其盐、四氯苯酞(phthalide)、五氯硝基苯(quintozene)、甲基托布津(thiophanate-methyl)、对甲抑菌灵(tolylfluanid)、N-(4-氯-2-硝基-苯基)-N-乙基-4-甲基-苯磺酰胺;
·无机活性物质:波尔多液、乙酸铜、氢氧化铜、王铜(copperoxychloride)、碱式硫酸铜、硫;
·其他:联苯基、拌棉醇(bronopol)、环氟菌胺(cyflufenamid)、清菌脲(cymoxanil)、二苯胺(diphenylamine)、苯菌酮(metrafenone)、米多霉素(mildiomycin)、喹啉铜(oxin-copper)、调环酸钙(prohexadione-calcium)、螺茂胺(spiroxamine)、对甲抑菌灵(tolylfluanid)、N-(环丙基甲氧基亚氨基-(6-二氟-甲氧基-2,3-二氟-苯基)-甲基)-2-苯基乙酰胺、N′-(4-(4-氯-3-三氟甲基-苯氧基)-2,5-二甲基-苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒、N′-(4-(4-氟-3-三氟甲基-苯氧基)-2,5-二甲基-苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒、N′-(2-甲基-5-三氟甲基-4-(3-三甲硅烷基-丙氧基)-苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒、N′-(5-二氟甲基-2-甲基-4-(3-三甲硅烷基-丙氧基)-苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒、2-{1-[2-(5-甲基-3-三氟甲基-吡唑-1-基)-乙酰基]-哌啶-4-基}-噻唑-4-羧酸甲基-(1,2,3,4-四氢-萘-1-基)-酰胺、2-{1-[2-(5-甲基-3-三氟甲基-吡唑-1-基)-乙酰基]-哌啶-4-基}-噻唑-4-羧酸甲基-(R)-1,2,3,4-四氢-萘-1-基-酰胺、乙酸6-叔丁基-8-氟-2,3-二甲基-喹啉-4-基酯和甲氧乙酸6-叔丁基-8-氟-2,3-二甲基-喹啉-4-基酯;三苯基乙酸锡、三苯基氯化锡、三苯基氢氧化锡;
G)植物生长调节剂(PGRs),其选自由以下物质组成的组:脱落酸(abscisic acid)、先甲草胺(amidochlor)、嘧啶醇(ancymidol)、6-苄基氨基嘌呤、油菜素内酯(brassinolide)、地乐胺(butralin)、矮壮素阳离子(chlormequat)(氯化矮壮素(chlormequat chloride))、胆碱盐酸盐(cholinechloride)、环丙酸酰胺(cyclanilide)、丁酰肼(daminozide)、敌草克(dikegulac)、噻节因(dimethipin)、2,6-二甲基吡啶、乙烯利(ethephon)、氟节胺(flumetralin)、调嘧醇(flurprimidol)、达草氟(fluthiacet)、调吡脲(forchlorfenuron)、赤霉酸(gibberellic acid)、抗倒胺(inabenfid)、吲哚-3-乙酸、抑芽丹(maleic hydrazide)、氟草磺(mefluidide)、助壮素(mepiquat)(氯化助壮素(mepiquat chloride))、萘乙酸、N-6-苄基腺嘌呤、多效唑、调环酸(调环酸钙)、茉莉酸诱导体(prohydrojasmon)、赛二唑素(thidiazuron)、抑芽唑(triapenthenol)、三硫代磷酸三丁酯、2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸、抗倒酯(trinexapac-ethyl)及烯效唑;
H)除草剂,其选自由以下组成的组
·乙酰胺类:乙草胺(acetochlor)、甲草胺(alachlor)、丁草胺(butachlor)、克草胺(dimethachlor)、噻吩草胺(dimethenamid)、氟噻草胺(flufenacet)、苯噻草胺(mefenacet)、异丙甲草胺(metolachlor)、吡草胺(metazachlor)、草萘胺(napropamide)、萘丙胺(naproanilide)、烯草胺(pethoxamid)、丙草胺(pretilachlor)、毒草安(propachlor)、噻醚草胺(thenylchlor);
·氨基酸衍生物:双丙氨酰膦(bilanafos)、草铵膦(glufosinate)、草硫膦(sulfosate);
·-芳氧基苯氧基丙酸酯类:炔草酸(clodinafop)、氰氟草酯(cyhalofop-butyl)、唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop)、吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop)、吡氟氯禾灵(haloxyfop)、metamifop、喔草酯(propaquizafop)、喹禾灵(quizalofop)、精喹禾灵(quizalofop-p-tefuryl);
·联吡啶类:敌草快(diquat)、对草快(paraquat);
·硫代氨基甲酸酯类:黄草灵(asulam)、苏达灭(butylate)、长杀草(carbetamide)、异苯敌草(desmedipham)、哌草丹(dimepiperate)、扑草灭(eptam)(EPTC)、禾草畏(esprocarb)、草达灭(molinate)、坪草丹(orbencarb)、苯敌草(phenmedipham)、苄草丹(prosulfocarb)、稗草畏(pyributicarb)、杀草丹(thiobencarb)、野麦畏(triallate);
·环己二酮类:丁氧环酮(butroxydim)、烯草酮(clethodim)、噻草酮(cycloxydim)、profoxydim、稀禾定(sethoxydim)、醌肟草(tepraloxydim)、肟草酮(tralkoxydim);
·二硝基苯胺类:氟草胺(benfluralin)、丁氟消草(ethalfluralin)、黄草消(oryzalin)、胺硝草(pendimethalin)、氨基丙氟灵(prodiamine)、氟乐灵(trifluralin);
·二苯醚类:氟锁草醚(acifluorfen)、苯草醚(aclonifen)、治草醚(bifenox)、氯甲草(diclofop)、氯氟草醚(ethoxyfen)、氟黄胺草醚(fomesafen)、乳氟禾草灵(lactofen)、氟硝草醚(oxyfluorfen);
·羟基苄腈类:溴苯腈(bromoxynil)、敌草腈(dichlobenil)、碘苯腈(ioxynil);
·咪唑啉酮类:咪草酯(imazamethabenz)、咪草啶酸(imazamox)、甲基咪草烟(imazapic)、灭草烟(imazapyr)、灭草喹(imazaquin)、咪草烟(imazethapyr);
·苯氧基乙酸类:稗草胺(clomeprop)、2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸(2,4-滴(2,4-D))、2,4-滴丁酸(2,4-DB)、2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop)、2甲4氯(MCPA)、MCPA-硫乙基、2甲4氯丁酸(MCPB)、2甲4氯丙酸(mecoprop);
·吡嗪类:杀草敏(chloridazone)、氟哒嗪草酯(flufenpyr-ethyl)、达草氟(fluthiacet)、达草灭(norflurazone)、达草止(pyridate);
·吡啶类:氯氨吡啶酸(aminopyralid)、二氯皮考啉酸(clopyralid)、吡氟草胺(diflufenican)、氟硫草定(dithiopyr)、氟草同(fluridone)、氟草烟(fluroxypyr)、毒莠定(picloram)、picolinafen、噻氟啶草(thiazopyr);
·磺酰脲类:磺氨黄隆(amidosulfuron)、四唑黄隆(azimsulfuron)、苄嘧黄隆(bensulfuron)、氯嘧黄隆(chlorimuron-ethyl)、绿黄隆(chlorsulfuron)、醚黄隆(cinosulfuron)、环丙黄隆(cyclosulfamuron)、乙氧嘧黄隆(ethoxysulfuron)、啶嘧黄隆(flazasulfuron)、氟吡黄隆(flucetosulfuron)、氟啶黄隆(flupyrsulfuron)、甲酰胺黄隆(foramsulfuron)、吡氯黄隆(halosulfuron)、啶咪黄隆(imazosulfuron)、碘黄隆(iodosulfuron)、甲磺胺黄隆(mesosulfuron)、精甲磺胺黄隆(metsulfuron-methyl)、烟黄隆(nicosulfuron)、环丙苯磺隆(oxasulfuron)、氟嘧黄隆(primisulfuron)、氟丙黄隆(prosulfuron)、吡嘧黄隆(pyrazosulfuron)、玉嘧黄隆(rimsulfuron)、嘧黄隆(sulfometuron)、乙黄黄隆(sulfosulfuron)、噻黄隆(thifensulfuron)、醚苯黄隆(triasulfuron)、苯黄隆(tribenuron)、三氟啶黄隆(trifloxysulfuron)、氟胺黄隆(triflusulfuron)、三氟甲黄隆(tritosulfuron)、1-((2-氯-6-丙基咪唑并[1,2-b]哒嗪-3-基)磺酰基)-3-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)脲;
·三嗪类:莠灭净(ametryn)、莠去津(atrazine)、草净津(cyanazine)、戊草津(dimethametryn)、乙嗪草酮(ethiozine)、六嗪酮(hexazinone)、苯嗪草酮(metamitron)、赛克津(metribuzin)、扑草净(prometryn)、西玛津(simazine)、特丁津(terbuthylazine)、去草净(terbutryn)、苯氧丙胺津(triaziflam);
·脲类:绿麦隆(chlorotoluron)、香草隆(daimuron)、敌草隆(diuron)、伏草隆(fluometuron)、异丙隆(isoproturon)、利谷隆(linuron)、噻唑隆(methabenzthiazuron)、丁唑隆(tebuthiuron);
·-其他乙酰乳酸合成酶抑制剂:双嘧苯甲酸钠(bispyribac-sodium)、唑嘧磺胺盐(cloransulam-methyl)、唑嘧磺胺(diclosulam)、双氟磺草胺(florasulam)、氟酮黄隆(flucarbazone)、氟唑啶草(flumetsulam)、唑草磺胺(metosulam)、ortho-sulfamuron、五氟磺草胺(penoxsulam)、丙苯磺隆(propoxycarbazone)、pyribambenz-propyl、嘧苯草肟(pyribenzoxim)、pyriftalid、肟啶草(pyriminobac-methyl)、pyrimisulfan、嘧硫苯甲酸(pyrithiobac)、pyroxasulfone、吡唑磺草胺(pyroxsulam);
·其他:氨唑草酮(amicarbazone)、杀草强(aminotriazole)、莎稗磷(anilofos)、氟丁酰草胺(beflubutamid)、草除灵(benazolin)、bencarbazone、呋草黄(benfluresate)、吡草酮(benzofenap)、噻草平(bentazone)、benzobicyclon、除草定(bromacil)、溴丁酰草胺(bromobutide)、氟丙嘧草酯(butafenacil)、草胺磷(butamifos)、唑草胺(cafenstrole)、氟酮唑草(carfentrazone)、吲哚酮草酯(cinidon-ethlyl)、敌草索(chlorthal)、环庚草醚(cinmethylin)、异恶草酮(clomazone)、苄草隆(cumyluron)、cyprosulfamide、麦草畏(dicamba)、苯敌快、二氟吡隆(diflufenzopyr)、稗内脐蠕孢菌(Drechslera monoceras)、草藻灭(endothal)、乙呋草磺(ethofumesate)、乙苯酰草(etobenzanid)、四唑草胺(fentrazamide)、酰亚胺苯氧乙酸(flumiclorac-pentyl)、氟嗪酮(flumioxazin)、胺草唑(flupoxam)、氟咯草酮(fluorochloridone)、呋草酮(flurtamone)、茚草酮(indanofan)、异恶草胺(isoxaben)、异氟草(isoxaflutole)、环草定(lenacil)、敌稗(propanil)、拿草特(propyzamide)、二氯喹啉酸(quinclorac)、喹草酸(quinmerac)、硝磺酮(mesotrione)、甲砷酸(methylarsenic acid)、抑草生(naptalam)、炔丙唑草(oxadiargyl)、恶草灵(oxadiazon)、氯嗪草(oxaziclomefone)、戊唑草(pentoxazone)、pinoxaden、双唑草腈(pyraclonil)、氟唑草酯(pyraflufen-ethyl)、pyrasulfotol、苄草唑(pyrazoxyfen)、吡唑特(pyrazolynate)、灭藻醌(quinoclamine)、saflufenacil、磺草酮(sulcotrione)、磺胺草唑(sulfentrazone)、特草定(terbacil)、tefuryltrione、tembotrione、thiencarbazone、吡草磺(topramezone)、4-羟基-3-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基甲基)-6-三氟甲基吡啶-3-羰基]双环[3.2.1]辛-3-烯-2-酮、(3-[2-氯-4-氟-5-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-4-三氟甲基-3,6-二氢-2H-嘧啶-1-基)苯氧基]吡啶-2-基氧基)乙酸乙酯、6-氨基-5-氯-2-环丙基嘧啶-4-甲酸甲酯、6-氯-3-(2-环丙基-6-甲基苯氧基)哒嗪-4-醇、4-氨基-3-氯-6-(4-氯苯基)-5-氟吡啶-2-甲酸、4-氨基-3-氯-6-(4-氯-2-氟-3-甲氧基苯基)吡啶-2-甲酸甲酯及4-氨基-3-氯-6-(4-氯-3-二甲氨基-2-氟苯基)吡啶-2-甲酸甲酯;
J)杀虫剂,其选自由以下物质组成的组:
·有机(硫代)磷酸酯类:高灭磷(acephate)、唑啶磷(azamethiphos)、谷硫磷(azinphos-methyl)、毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)、甲基毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos-methyl)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)、二嗪农(diazinon)、敌敌畏(dichlorvos)、百治磷(dicrotophos)、乐果(dimethoate)、乙拌磷(disulfoton)、乙硫磷(ethion)、杀螟松(fenitrothion)、倍硫磷(fenthion)、异唑磷(isoxathion)、马拉硫磷(malathion)、甲胺磷(methamidophos)、杀扑磷(methidathion)、甲基一六零五(methyl-parathion)、速灭磷(mevinphos)、久效磷(monocrotophos)、砜吸磷(oxydemeton-methyl)、对氧磷(paraoxon)、一六零五(parathion)、稻丰散(phenthoate)、伏杀硫磷(phosalone)、亚胺硫磷(phosmet)、磷胺(phosphamidon)、甲拌磷(phorate)、辛硫磷(phoxim)、虫螨磷(pirimiphos-methyl)、丙溴磷(profenofos)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)、乙丙硫磷(sulprophos)、四氯烯磷(tetrachlorvinphos)、特丁磷(terbufos)、三唑磷(triazophos)、敌百虫(trichlorfon);
·氨基甲酸酯类:棉铃威(alanycarb)、涕灭威(aldicarb)、虫威(bendiocarb)、丙硫克百威(benfuracarb)、甲萘威(carbaryl)、虫螨威(carbofuran)、丁硫克百威(carbosulfan)、双氧威(fenoxycarb)、呋线威(furathiocarb)、灭虫威(methiocarb)、灭多虫(methomyl)、甲氨叉威(oxamyl)、抗蚜威(pirimicarb)、残杀威(propoxur)、硫双威(thiodicarb)、唑蚜威(triazamate);
·拟除虫菊酯类:丙烯除虫菊酯(allethrin)、氟氯菊酯(bifenthrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、氯氟氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、苯醚氰菊酯(cyphenothrin)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)、α-氯氰菊酯(alpha-cypermethrin)、β-氯氰菊酯(beta-cypermethrin)、己体氯氰菊酯(zeta-cypermethrin)、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、高氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、醚菊酯(etofenprox)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、杀灭菊酯(fenvalerate)、咪炔菊酯(imiprothrin)、λ-氯氟氰菊酯(lambda-cyhalothrin)、氯菊酯(permethrin)、炔酮菊酯(prallethrin)、除虫菊酯(pyrethrin)I和II、吡咪唑菌(resmethrin)、灭虫硅醚(silafluofen)、τ-氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、胺菊酯(tetramethrin)、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)、四氟菊酯(transfluthrin)、profluthrin、dimefluthrin;
·昆虫生长调节剂:a)几丁质合成抑制剂:苯甲酰脲类:定虫隆(chlorfluazuron)、灭蝇胺(cyromazine)、氟脲杀(diflubenzuron)、氟螨脲(flucycloxuron)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)、氟丙氧脲(lufenuron)、双苯氟脲(novaluron)、伏虫隆(teflubenzuron)、杀虫隆(triflumuron)、噻嗪酮(buprofezin)、茂醚(diofenolan)、噻螨酮(hexythiazox)、特苯唑(etoxazole)、四螨嗪(clofentazin);b)蜕皮激素拮抗剂:特丁苯酰肼(halofenozide)、甲氧苯酰肼(methoxyfenozide)、双苯酰肼(tebufenozide)、艾扎丁(azadirachtin);c)保幼激素类似物:蚊蝇醚(pyriproxyfen)、蒙五一五(methoprene)、双氧威(fenoxycarb);d)类脂生物合成抑制剂:螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen)、螺虫乙酯(spirotetramate);
·烟碱受体激动剂/拮抗剂化合物:噻虫胺(clothianidin)、呋虫胺(dinotefuran)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)、硝胺烯啶(nitenpyram)、吡虫清(acetamiprid)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid)、1-(2-氯噻唑-5-基甲基)-2-硝亚氨基-3,5-二甲基-[1,3,5]三氮杂环己烷(triazinane);
·GABA拮抗剂化合物类:硫丹(endosulfan)、乙虫清(ethiprol)、锐劲特(fipronil)、氟吡唑虫(vaniliprol)、pyrafluprol、pyriprol、5-氨基-1-(2,6-二氯-4-甲基苯基)-4-胺亚磺酰基-1H-吡唑-3-硫代甲酰胺;
·大环内酯类:齐墩螨素(abamectin)、甲氨基阿维菌素(emamectin)、米尔螨素(milbemectin)、lepimectin、艾克敌105(spinosad)、spinetoram;
·线粒体电子传输抑制剂(METI)I杀螨剂:喹螨醚(fenazaquin)、哒螨酮(pyridaben)、吡螨胺(tebufenpyrad)、唑虫酰胺(tolfenpyrad)、flufenerim;
·METI II和III化合物:灭螨醌(acequinocyl)、嘧螨酯(fluacyprim)、灭蚁腙(hydramethylnon);
·去偶剂:氟唑虫清(chlorfenapyr);
·氧化磷酸化抑制剂:三环锡(cyhexatin)、杀螨硫隆(diafenthiuron)、杀螨锡(fenbutatin oxide)、克螨特(propargite);
·蜕皮干扰剂化合物:灭蝇胺(cryomazine);
·混合功能氧化酶抑制剂:增效醚(piperonyl butoxide);
·其他:benclothiaz、联苯肼酯(bifenazate)、杀螟丹(cartap)、氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)、啶虫丙醚(pyridalyl)、拒嗪酮(pymetrozine)、硫磺、硫环杀(thiocyclam)、氟虫酰胺(flubendiamid)、chlorantraniliprole、cyazypyr(HGW86);cyenopyrafen、flupyrazofos、丁氟螨酯(cyflumetofen)、磺胺螨酯(amidoflumet)、imicyafos、和双三氟虫脲(bistrifluron)和新喹唑啉(pyrifluquinazon)。
上文所述的全部混合物也是本发明的实施方案。
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及具有NRRL登录号B-21661的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株或其无细胞提取物和/或具有相应菌株或提取物的全部鉴定性特征的该菌株的突变体或者提取物作为组分(I),和任选地选自活性化合物组A)至J)中的至少一种化学化合物作为组分(II)的用途,用于在基本上不存在病原体压力下增加农业植物的生长势和/或作物产量。
下文针对组分(I)以及组分(II)和包含组分(I)及组分(II)的相应混合物和/或组合物的优选实施方案、以及针对它们的优选用途和使用它们的方法的注释将各自独立地或优选地在彼此组合情况下进行理解。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及用于在基本上不存在病原体压力下增加农业植物的生长势和/或作物产量的方法,其中植物、植物繁殖体、植物的种子和/或植物正在生长或打算生长的地点用有效量的组合物处理,该组合物包含100∶1至1∶100的重量比的
a)具有NRRL登录号B-21661的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株或其无细胞提取物和/或具有相应菌株或提取物的全部鉴定性特征的该菌株的突变体或者提取物作为组分(I),和
b)一种选自如上文所定义活性化合物组A)至J)中的化学化合物作为组分(II)。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及用于在基本上不存在病原体压力下增加农业植物的生长势和/或作物产量的方法,其中植物、植物繁殖体、植物的种子和/或植物正在生长或打算生长的地点用有效量的组合物处理,该组合物包含
a)具有NRRL登录号B-21661的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株或其无细胞提取物和/或具有相应菌株或提取物的全部鉴定性特征的该菌株的突变体或者提取物作为组分(I),和
b)选自如上文所定义活性化合物组A)至J)中的两种化学化合物作为组分(II)。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及用于在基本上不存在病原体压力下增加农业植物的生长势和/或作物产量的方法,其中植物、植物繁殖体、植物的种子和/或植物正在生长或打算生长的地点用有效量的组合物处理,该组合物包含
a)具有NRRL登录号B-21661的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株或其无细胞提取物和/或具有相应菌株或提取物的全部鉴定性特征的该菌株的突变体或者提取物作为组分(I),和
b)选自如权利要求1中所定义活性化合物组A)至J)中的一种化学化合物作为组分(II),
所述组分同时即共同或分别或者依次地施加。
组分(I)不仅包括枯草芽孢杆菌菌株分离的纯培养物或其无细胞提取物,还包括其处于完整肉汤培养物中的悬液或从该菌株的完整肉汤培养物中获得的含有代谢物的上清液或纯化的代谢物。
枯草芽孢杆菌菌株、其提取物及突变体和由该菌株产生的代谢物、其制品及针对有害真菌的作用从WO 98/50422和WO 00/29426获知,在所述文献中也称作AQ 713(QST 713)。然而,该菌株也可以在现有技术中称作解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。
是一种基于枯草芽孢杆菌的微生物生物控制剂,其保护免遭真菌性和细菌性植物病原体影响。枯草芽孢杆菌菌株QST 713是天然存在的分布广泛的细菌,该细菌可以用来控制植物病,包括枯萎病、斑点病、灰霉病和几种类型的霉病。美国和欧洲的监管当局将枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713划归为对人或环境不显示有害作用。枯草芽孢杆菌在土壤中占优势并且已经在世界范围多个生态系统内找到。枯草芽孢杆菌的QST 713菌株已知拮抗多种真菌性植物病原体。该种拮抗作用也可以以几种方式实现,所述方式包括养分竞争、位置排斥、定居和细菌附着于真菌性病原体。此外,枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713菌株可能诱导植物针对细菌性病原体的天然系统抗性或系统性获得性抗性(SAR)。QST 713可以终止植物病原体孢子萌发、扰乱萌发管生长并抑制植物病原体对叶的附着。
具有NRRL登录号B-21661的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株的合适制剂是以商标MAX和ASO从美国AgraQuest,Inc.,1540Drew Avenue,Davis,California 95618可商业获得的。
在一个实施方案中,使用上文所确定的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株的市售制剂。
因通过组分(I)控制真菌性病原体引起的产量损失降低是熟知的(见,例如Highland(2002):Proc.Fla.State Hort.Soc.:115,186-188)。
在2008年Acorbat会议的陈述中,提出以下结果,它们表明当作为产品配制的枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713施加至黑色叶斑病(blacksigatoka)感染的香蕉时,它控制疾病,与化学标准品(代森锰锌(mancozeb))可比,导致香蕉串产量比代森锰锌处理的样地增加30%(见Manker和Seiler(2008):Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713 as an Alternative ProtectantMulti-Site Fungicide for Sustainable Control of Black Sigatoka in BananaProduction)”,2008年11月10日在厄瓜多尔瓜亚基尔Acorbat会议上发表)。
然而,以下事实是新的和出人意料的:施加具有NRRL登录号B-21661的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株或其无细胞提取物和/或具有相应菌株或提取物的全部鉴定性特征的该菌株的突变体或者提取物甚至在基本上不存在病原体压力下增加农业植物的生长势和/或产量,因为不能预期产量和/或生长势增加将总体上高于通过对付已知降低作物生长势和产量的植物致病性真菌和/或细菌而可以达到的水平。就施加包含组分(I)和至少一个组分(II)的组合物而言,这尤其是真实的,其中所述的组合物已经显示能够协同地增加本发明的作物生长势和产量。
术语“基本上不存在病原体压力”指这样的情况,其中病原体存在于植物的生长地区内,但是处于不损害该植物并且不导致生长势降低或产量降低的量。
鉴于世界人口不断增加,增加世界范围的食物生产(产量)和食物品质变得越来越重要,这有赖于表现高水平生长势的健康植物。
因而,本发明的目的是提供物质,它们增加植物的生长势和/或产量至大于健康植物在基本上不存在病原体压力下会产生的程度,其中术语病原体应当主要地意指对植物造成损害的真菌病原体和任选地意指细菌病原体,优选地意指真菌和细菌病原体。
我们已经发现通过施加如开头处所定义的组分(I)和任选地施加至少一种组分(II)实现该目的。在本发明的优选实施方案中,施加如开头处所定义的组分(I)和至少一种组分(II)。通过同时即共同或分别地施加组分(I)和至少一种组分(II),农业植物的生长势和/或产量也可以以超加性(其意指协同)方式增加。
与化学品组合使用生物杀虫剂(如产品)的概念是新颖的并且具有众多益处。最重要的一个益处是以下事实:生物杀虫剂如在作物上不留下任何化学残留物,这意味这些生物杀虫剂可以一直使用直至收获当日。在邻近收获的日子中通常任由作物危险地不受保护,因为在这个时间期间不能使用常规杀虫剂。在本发明方法的优选实施方案中,至少一种选自活性化合物组(A)至(J)的组分(II)在收获前间隔期前施加,而组分(I)在收获前间隔期期间施加。
术语“收获前间隔期”将理解为最后施加杀虫剂(组分II)与收获已处理作物之间的时间。
术语“主要生长期”指扩展BBCH量表,该量表是全部单子叶和双子叶物种的物候相似性生长期的统一代码体系,在该体系中将植物的整个发育周期细分为清晰可辨认和可区别的持续较长时间的发育阶段。BBCH量表使用一种十进制码体系,该体系被分成主要和次要生长期。缩写BBCH源自(德国)联邦农业与林业生物研究中心、(德国)联邦品种局和化学工业。BBCH值23/29表示测量的植物已经达到23和29之间的生长阶段(growingstadium)。
NRRL是美国农业服务培养物保藏中心(一家旨在根据国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保藏布达佩斯条约下保藏微生物菌株的国际保藏机构,其地址是美国伊利诺伊州61604,皮奥里亚北大学街1815,国家农业应用研究中心,美国农业部,农业研究服务中心)的缩写。
组分(I)不仅包括枯草芽孢杆菌菌株的分离的纯培养物,还包括其处于完整肉汤培养物中的悬液或从该菌株的肉汤培养物中获得的含有代谢物的上清液或纯化的代谢物。
“完整肉汤培养物”指含有细胞和培养基的液体培养物。
“上清液”指通过离心、过滤、沉降或本领域熟知的其他手段取出培养液中培育的细胞时留下的培养液。
术语“代谢物”指由微生物(如真菌和细菌)产生的具有杀真菌活性的任何化合物、物质或副产物。
上文提及作为组分(II)的化学化合物通常是已知的(参见,例如http://www.hclrss.demon.co.uk/index.html);它们中的大部分是市售的。它们的杀虫作用和用于产生它们的方法也是已知的。例如,所述的市售化合物也可以在英国作物保护委员会《杀虫剂手册》第14版(The PesticideManual,14th Edition,British Crop Protection Council(2006))连同其他出版物中找到。
Bixafen从WO 03/070705获知;penflufen从WO 03/010149获知;Sedaxane从WO 03/074491获知;它们可以按照其中所述的方式制备。Isopyrazam从WO 04/035589获知并且可以按照其中所述或如WO2007/068417中所述的方式制备。N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺从WO 06/087343获知并且可以按照其中所述的方式制备。苯菌酮,3′-溴-2,3,4,6′-四甲氧基-2′,6-二甲基二苯酮从US 5,945,567获知。
本发明的化合物可以以不同的晶体形态存在,其中所述的不同结晶变体的生物学活性也可以不同。它们同样是本发明的主题。
优选施加与至少一种组分(II)组合的组分(I)。
因而,在本发明方法的优选实施方案中,组分(I)连同选自组A)、B)、C)、D)、E)、F)和G)中的组分(II)一起施加。在本发明方法的更优选实施方案中,组分(I)连同选自组A)、B)、C)、E)和G)中的组分(II)一起施加。在本发明方法的甚至更优选实施方案中,组分(I)连同选自组A)和B)中的组分(II)一起施加。在本发明方法的最优选实施方案中,组分(I)连同选自组A)中的组分(II)一起施加。
在本发明方法的一个实施方案中,组分(I)连同选自组A)(嗜球果伞素类)中的组分(II)一起施加,其中所述的组A)由腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、烯肟菌酯(enestroburin)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、亚胺菌(kresoxim-methyl)、叉氨苯酰胺(metominostrobin)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)、pyribencarb、肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、2-(2-(6-(3-氯-2-甲基-苯氧基)-5-氟-嘧啶-4-基氧基)-苯基)-2-甲氧亚氨基-N-甲基-乙酰胺、3-甲氧基-2-(2-(N-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-环丙烷-羰亚氨基硫烷基甲基)-苯基)-丙烯酸甲酯、(2-氯-5-[1-(3-甲基苄氧基亚氨基)乙基]苄基)氨基甲酸甲酯和2-(2-(3-(2,6-二氯苯基)-1-甲基-亚烯丙基氨氧基甲基)-苯基)-2-甲氧基亚氨基-N-甲基-乙酰胺组成。在包含嗜球果伞素类作为组分(II)的组A)当中,优选腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、烯肟菌酯(enestroburin)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、亚胺菌(kresoxim-methyl)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)和肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)组成。特别优选腈嘧菌酯、醚菌胺和唑菌胺酯。最优选唑菌胺酯。
在本发明的特别优选的实施方案中,组分(I)随作为组分(II)的唑菌胺酯施加。
在本发明的另一个特别优选的实施方案中,组分(I)随作为组分(II)的氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)和唑菌胺酯施加。
在本发明方法的另一个实施方案中,组分(I)连同选自组B)(羧酰胺类)中的组分(II)一起施加,其中所述的组B)由以下物质组成:
·甲酰苯胺类,其选自苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、精苯霜灵(benalaxyl-M)、麦锈灵(benodanil)、bixafen、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、萎锈灵(carboxin)、呋菌胺(fenfuram)、环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、呋吡唑灵(furametpyr)、isopyrazam、isotianil、kiralaxyl、丙氧灭锈胺(mepronil)、甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、精甲霜灵(metalaxyl-M)(mefenoxam)、甲呋酰胺(ofurace)、霜灵(oxadixyl)、氧化萎锈灵(oxycarboxin)、penthiopyrad、sedaxane、叶枯酞(tecloftalamm)、溴氟唑菌(thifluzamide)、tiadinil、2-氨基-4-甲基-噻唑-5-甲酰苯胺、2-氯-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-茚满-4-基)-烟酰胺、N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(4′-三氟甲基硫代联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(2-(1,3-二甲基-丁基)-苯基)-1,3-二甲基-5-氟-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺和N-(2-(1,3,3-三甲基-丁基)-苯基)-1,3-二甲基-5-氟-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;
·羧酸吗啉类,其选自烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、氟吗啉(flumorph)、和丁吡吗啉(pyrimorph);
·苯甲酰胺类,其选自氟联苯菌(flumetover)、氟吡菌胺(fluopicolide)、氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)、苯酰菌胺(zoxamide)、N-(3-乙基-3,5,5-三甲基-环己基)-3-甲酰氨基-2-羟基-苯甲酰胺;
·其他羧酰胺类,其选自氯环丙酰胺(carpropamid)、dicyclomet、双炔酰菌胺(mandiproamid)、土霉素(oxytetracyclin)、硫硅菌胺(silthiofarm)和N-(6-甲氧基-吡啶-3-基)环丙烷羧酸酰胺。
在包含羧酰胺类作为组分(II)的组B)当中,优选甲酰苯胺类、羧酸吗啉类和苯甲酰胺类。在甲酰苯胺类组内,特别优选bixafen、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)和N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺。在羧酸吗啉类组内,特别优选烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)和氟吗啉(flumorph)。在苯甲酰胺类组内,特别优选苯酰菌胺(zoxamide)。甚至更优选bixafen、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)和N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺。最优选N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺。
在本发明的特别优选的实施方案中,组分(I)随作为组分(II)的啶酰菌胺(boscalid)施加。在本发明的另一个特别优选的实施方案中,组分(I)随作为组分(II)的N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺施加。
在本发明方法的另一个实施方案中,组分(I)连同选自组C)(唑类)中的组分(II)一起施加,其中所述的组C)由以下物质组成:
·三唑类,其选自氧环唑(azaconazole)、双苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、糠菌唑(bromuconazole)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、醚唑(difenoconazole)、烯唑醇(diniconazole)、烯唑醇-M(diniconazole-M)、氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、喹唑菌酮(fluquinconazole)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、粉唑醇(flutriafol)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、酰胺唑(imibenconazole)、环戊唑醇(ipconazole)、环戊唑菌(metconazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、oxpoconazole、多效唑(paclobutrazole)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、硅氟唑(simeconazole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、唑菌醇(triadimenol)、戊叉唑菌(triticonazole)、烯效唑(uniconazole)、1-(4-氯-苯基)-2-([1,2,4]三唑-1-基)-环庚醇;
·咪唑类,其选自氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、烯菌灵(imazalil)、稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)、丙氯灵(prochloraz)、氟菌唑(triflumizol);
·苯并咪唑类,其选自苯菌灵(benomyl)、多菌灵(carbendazim)、麦穗宁(fuberidazole)、涕必灵(thiabendazole);
·选自噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、氯唑灵(etridiazole)、土菌消(hymexazole)和2-(4-氯苯基)-N-[4-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)异唑-5-基]-2-丙-2-炔氧基乙酰胺的其他物质。
在包含唑类作为组分(II)的组C)当中,优选三唑类、咪唑类、苯并咪唑类和噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)。在三唑类组内,特别优选双苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、醚唑(difenoconazole)、氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、喹唑菌酮(fluquinconazole)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、粉唑醇(flutriafol)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、环戊唑菌(metconazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)和戊叉唑菌(triticonazole)。在咪唑类组内,特别优选氰霜唑(cyazofamid)和丙氯灵(prochloraz)。在苯并咪唑类组内,特别优选苯菌灵(benomyl)、多菌灵(carbendazim)和涕必灵(thiabendazole)。在C)组内,特别优选环唑醇(cyproconazole)、醚唑(difenoconazole)、氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)和戊唑醇(tebuconazole)。最优选氧唑菌。
在本发明的特别优选的实施方案中,组分(I)随作为组分(II)的氧唑菌施加。
在本发明方法的另一个实施方案中,组分(I)连同选自组D)(杂环化合物)中的组分(II)一起施加,其中所述的组D)由以下物质组成:
·吡啶类,其选自氟啶胺(fluazinam)、啶斑肟(pyrifenox)、3-[5-(4-氯-苯基)-2,3-二甲基-异唑烷-3-基]-吡啶、3-[5-(4-甲基-苯基)-2,3-二甲基-异唑烷-3-基]-吡啶、2,3,5,6-四-氯-4-甲磺酰基-吡啶、3,4,5-三氯吡啶-2,6-二腈、N-(1-(5-溴-3-氯-吡啶-2-基)-乙基)-2,4-二氯烟酰胺和N-[(5-溴-3-氯-吡啶-2-基)-甲基]-2,4-二氯-烟酰胺;
·嘧啶类,其选自磺嘧菌灵(bupirimate)、环丙嘧啶(cyprodinil)、二氟林(diflumetorim)、异嘧菌醇(fenarimol)、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)、氯草定(nitrapyrin)、氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、二甲嘧菌胺(pyrimethanil);
·哌嗪类:嗪氨灵(triforine);
·吗啉类,其选自4-十二烷基-2,6-二甲基吗啉(aldimorph)、吗菌灵(dodemorph)、吗菌灵乙酸酯(dodemorph-acetate)、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、克啉菌(tridemorph);
·哌啶类:苯锈啶(fenpropidin);
·二甲酰亚胺类,其选自氟菌安(fluoroimid)、异丙定(iprodione)、杀菌利(procymidone)和烯菌酮(vinclozolin);
·非芳族5元杂环类,其选自唑酮菌(famoxadone)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、flutianil、异噻菌酮(octhilinone)、噻菌灵(probenazole)、5-氨基-2-异丙基-3-氧代-4-邻甲苯-2,3-二氢-吡唑-1-硫代羟酸S-烯丙酯;
·其他的,其选自噻二唑素(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、amisulbrom、敌菌灵(anilazin)、灭瘟素(blasticidin-S)、敌菌丹(captafol)、克菌丹(captan)、灭螨猛(chinomethionat)、棉隆(dazomet)、咪菌威(debacarb)、哒菌清(diclomezine)、野燕枯(difenzoquat)、野燕枯甲基硫酸酯(difenzoquat-methylsulfate)、氰菌胺(fenoxanil)、灭菌丹(Folpet)、恶喹酸(oxolinic acid)、粉病灵(piperalin)、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、咯喹酮(pyroquilon)、喹氧灵(quinoxyfen)、咪唑嗪(triazoxide)、三环唑(tricyclazole)、2-丁氧基-6-碘-3-丙基色烯-4-酮、5-氯-1-(4,6-二甲氧基-嘧啶-2-基)-2-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑、5-氯-7-(4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶和5-乙基-6-辛基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺。
在包含杂环化合物类作为组分(II)的组D)当中,优选吡啶类、嘧啶类、吗啉类、哌啶类、二甲酰亚胺类和非芳族5元杂环类。在吡啶类组内,特别优选氟啶胺(fluazinam)。在嘧啶类组内,特别优选环丙嘧啶(cyprodinil)、异嘧菌醇(fenarimol)和二甲嘧菌胺(pyrimethanil)。在吗啉类组内,特别优选吗菌灵乙酸酯(dodemorph-acetate)、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)和克啉菌(tridemorph)。在哌啶类组内,特别优选苯锈啶(fenpropidin)。在二甲酰亚胺类组内,特别优选异丙定(iprodione)。在非芳族5元杂环类组内,特别优选唑酮菌(famoxadone)和咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)。此外,特别优选samisulbrom、灭菌丹(Folpet)、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)和喹氧灵(quinoxyfen)。甚至更优选环丙嘧啶(cyprodinil)、苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、异丙定(iprodione)、唑酮菌(famoxadone)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、amisulbrom、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、喹氧灵(quinoxyfen)和灭菌丹(Folpet)。最优选丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、克啉菌(tridemorph)和苯锈啶(fenpropidin)。
在本发明方法的另一个实施方案中,组分(I)连同选自组E)(氨基甲酸酯类)中的组分(II)一起施加,其中所述的组E)由以下物质组成:
·硫代和二硫代氨基甲酸酯类,其选自福美铁(ferbam)、代森锰锌(mancozeb)、代森锰(maneb)、威百亩(metam)、磺菌威(methasulphocarb)、代森联(metiram)、甲基代森锌(propineb)、福美双(thiram)、代森锌(zineb)和福美锌(ziram);
·氨基甲酸酯类,其选自苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb)、乙霉威(diethofencarb)、异丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)、百维灵(propamocarb)、霜霉威盐酸盐、valiphenal和N-(1-(1-(4-氰基-苯基)乙磺酰基)-丁-2-基)氨基甲酸-(4-氟苯基)酯。
在包含氨基甲酸酯类作为组分(II)的组E)当中,优选硫代和二硫代氨基甲酸酯类和氨基甲酸酯类。在硫代和二硫代氨基甲酸酯类组内,更优选代森锰锌(mancozeb)、代森锰(maneb)、代森联(metiram)、甲基代森锌(propineb)、福美双(thiram)、代森锌(zineb)和福美锌(ziram)。在氨基甲酸酯类组内,优选苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb)、异丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)、valiphenal和百维灵(propamocarb)和valiphenal。甚至更优选代森锰锌(mancozeb)、代森联(metiram)和甲基代森锌(propineb)。
在本发明方法的另一个实施方案中,组分(I)连同选自组F)中的组分(II)一起施加。在包含其他活性物质作为组分(II)的组F)当中,优选抗生素类、含硫的杂环基化合物、无机活性物质、清菌脲(cymoxanil)、苯菌酮(metrafenone)、螺茂胺(spiroxamine)、三苯锡基乙酸盐、三苯锡基盐酸盐和氢氧化三苯锡基。在抗生素类类组内,特别优选春雷素(kasugamycin)、春雷素盐酸盐水合物(kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate)和链霉素。在含硫的杂环基化合物组内,特别优选二噻农(dithianon)。此外,优选清菌脲(cymoxanil)、苯菌酮(metrafenone)、螺茂胺(spiroxamine)、三苯锡基乙酸盐、三苯锡基盐酸盐、氢氧化三苯锡基。选自波尔多混合物、乙酸铜、氢氧化铜、王铜、碱式硫酸铜和硫中的无机活性物质是特别优选的。
在本发明的特别优选的实施方案中,组分(I)连同选自波尔多混合物、乙酸铜、氢氧化铜、王铜、碱式硫酸铜和硫中的组分(II)一起施加。
在本发明方法的另一个实施方案中,组分(I)连同选自组G)(植物生长调节物(PGR))中的组分(II)一起施加,其中所述的组G)由以下物质组成:脱落酸、先甲草胺(amidochlor)、嘧啶醇(ancymidol)、6-苄基氨基嘌呤、芸苔素内酯(brassinolide)、地乐胺(butralin)、矮壮素阳离子(chlormequat)(氯化矮壮素(chlormequat chloride))、胆碱盐酸盐(choline chloride)、环丙酸酰胺(cyclanilide)、丁酰肼(daminozide)、敌草克(dikegulac)、噻节因(dimethipin)、2,6-二甲基吡啶、乙烯利(ethephon)、氟节胺(flumetralin)、调嘧醇(flurprimidol)、达草氟(fluthiacet)、调吡脲(forchlorfenuron)、赤霉酸、抗倒胺(inabenfide)、吲哚-3-乙酸、抑芽丹、氟草磺(mefluidide)、助壮素(mepiquat)(氯化助壮素(mepiquat chloride))、萘乙酸、N-6-苄基腺嘌呤、多效唑(paclobutrazol)、调环酸(prohexadione)(调环酸钙(prohexadione-calcium))、茉莉酸诱导体(prohydrojasmon)、赛二唑素(thidiazuron)、抑芽唑(triapenthenol)、三硫代磷酸三丁酯、2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸、抗倒酯(trinexapac-ethyl)和烯效唑(uniconazole)。在包含植物生长调节物(PGRs)作为组分(II)的组G)当中,优选矮壮素阳离子(chlormequat)(氯化矮壮素(chlormequat chloride))、助壮素(mepiquat)(氯化助壮素(mepiquatchloride))和调环酸(prohexadione)(调环酸钙(prohexadione-calcium))。
植物状况的一项指标是其产量。将“产量”理解为由植物产生的有经济价值的任何植物产物,植物如谷物、本来意义上的水果、蔬菜、坚果、谷物、种子、木材(例如,在造林植物的情况下)或甚至花(例如在园艺植物、观赏植物的情况下)。植物产物可以在收获之后额外地利用和/或加工。
根据本发明,植物、尤其农业、造林和/或观赏植物的“增加的产量”意指相应植物的产物的产量增加可测量的量,超过相同条件下但不施加本发明组合物时所产生的该植物的相同产物的产量。增加的产量可以尤其由该植物的以下改善特征进行表征:
·增加的植物重量,
·增加的植物高度,
·增加的生物量,如更高的鲜重和/或干重
·更高的谷物产量
·更多的分蘖
·更大的叶
·增加的苗生长
·增加的蛋白质含量
·增加的油含量
·增加的淀粉含量
·增加的色素含量
根据本发明的一个实施方案,产量增加至少5%。根据本发明的另一个实施方案,产量增加至少10%。根据本发明的另一个实施方案,产量增加至少15%。根据本发明的另一个实施方案,产量增加至少30%。根据本发明的另一个实施方案,产量增加至少40%。
植物状况的一项指标是“植物生长势”。植物生长势在几个方面变得明显如总体视觉外观。改善的植物生长势可以尤其由该植物的以下改善特征进行表征:
·改善的植物活力
·改善的植物生长,
·改善的植物发育,
·改善的视觉外观,
·改善的植物站立(更少的植物verse/倒伏)
·改善的出苗,
·增强的根生长和/或更发达的根系,
·增强的根瘤形成,尤其根瘤菌根瘤形成,
·更大的叶片,
·增加的植物大小,
·增加的植物重量,
·增加的植物高度,
·增加的分蘖数,
·增加的苗生长,
·增加的根生长(延长根系),
·增加的根质量大小(延长根系),
·在贫瘠土壤上或不利气候下培育时,增加的产量,
·增强的光合作用活性
·颜色改变(例如增强的色素含量(例如叶绿素含量)
·更早开花,
·更早结果,
·更早和改善的萌发,
·更早(更深)的谷粒成熟
·改善的自我防御机制
·更少的无效分蘖,
·更少的死亡基生叶
·需要的输入(如肥料或水)更少
·更绿的叶和增加的绿叶面积
·在缩短的营养期下完全成熟
·需要的肥料更少,
·需要的种子更少,
·更易收获
·更快和更均匀的成熟
·更长的货架期
·更长的圆锥花序,
·衰老延迟
·更强烈和/或更有效的分蘖,
·更好的成份提取性
·改善的种子品质(对于后续季节中播种为生产种子而言)
·减少的乙烯产生和/或抑制植物接受乙烯
·叶瘦长性(spindliness of leaves)
·增加的穗数/m2
本发明的植物生长势的改善特别意指上述植物特征中的一项或几项或全部的改善独立于组合物或活性成份的杀虫作用。增加的生长势也可以例如产生更高百分数的可以移植至田间的植物或可销售植物(如番茄)的数目增加。
术语“植物”将理解为具有经济重要性的植物和/或人工培育的植物如栽培植物。它们优选地选自农业、造林和园艺(包括观赏)植物。如本文中所用的术语“植物”包括植物的全部部分如正在萌发的种子、正在出苗的幼苗、草本植物以及长成的木本植物,包括全部的地下部分(如根)和地上部分。
通常,术语“植物”也包括已经通过育种、诱变或基因工程被修饰的植物。基因修饰植物是其中已经利用重组DNA技术修饰过遗传物质的植物。使用重组DNA技术使得不能通过天然环境下杂交、突变或天然重组获得的修饰成为可能。
可以显示生长势和/或作物产量增加的农业植物例如是禾谷类例如小麦、黑麦、大麦、黑小麦、燕麦或稻、甜菜,例如糖萝卜或饲料甜菜、水果,如仁果、核果或浆果,例如苹果、梨、李、桃、杏、樱桃、草莓、覆盆子、黑莓或醋栗、豆科植物,例如小扁豆、豌豆、紫花苜蓿或大豆、油料植物,如油菜、芥菜、橄榄、向日葵、椰子、可可豆、蓖麻油植物、油棕、花生或大豆、葫芦科植物,如南瓜、黄瓜或甜瓜;纤维植物,如棉花、亚麻、大麻或黄麻;柑橘类水果,如橙、柠檬、柚或桔、蔬菜,例如绿花椰菜、菠菜、莴苣、芦笋、卷心菜、胡萝卜、洋葱、番茄、马铃薯、葫芦或红辣椒;月桂植物,例如鳄梨、肉桂或樟、能源和原料植物,例如玉米、大豆、油菜、甘蔗或油棕、玉米、烟草;坚果类、咖啡、茶、香蕉、葡萄(食用葡萄和葡萄汁用葡萄);蛇麻;草坪草;天然橡胶植物或观赏和林业植物,例如花卉、灌木、阔叶树或常绿植物,例如针叶树、和植物繁殖材料,例如种子,和这些植物的作物材料。
显示生长势和/或作物产量增加的农业植物尤其是香蕉、绿花椰菜、番茄、辣椒和小麦。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,产量和/或生长势在选自以下的农业植物中增加:大豆、玉米、小麦、黑小麦、大麦、燕麦、黑麦、油菜、粟、稻、向日葵、棉、甜菜、仁果、核果、柑橘、香蕉、草莓、越橘、杏、葡萄、芒果、番木瓜、花生、马铃薯、番茄、辣椒、葫芦、黄瓜、甜瓜、西瓜、大蒜、洋葱、绿花椰菜、胡萝卜、卷心菜、菜豆、成熟的菜豆、卡诺拉油菜、豌豆、小扁豆、苜蓿、车轴草、三叶草、亚麻、象草、牧草、莴苣、甘蔗、茶、烟草和咖啡;每种植物处于其天然或基因修饰形式。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,产量和/或生长势在:葡萄、水果如仁果、核果或浆果,例如苹果、梨、李、桃、杏、樱桃、草莓、覆盆子、黑莓或醋栗和/或蔬菜如绿花椰菜、菠菜、莴苣、芦笋、卷心菜、胡萝卜、洋葱、番茄、马铃薯、葫芦或红辣椒中增加。
在本发明的特别优选实施方案中,产量和/或生长势在香蕉和/或葡萄中增加。
术语“植物繁殖材料”理解为表示植物的全部有生育能力部分,如种子和营养性植物材料如插条和块茎(例如马铃薯),它们可以用于植物的繁殖。这包括植物的种子、根、果实、块茎、鳞茎、根状茎、苗、芽和其他部分。也可以提到萌发后移植或从土壤出苗后移植的幼苗和幼小植物。也可以通过移前植浸渍或倾倒完全或部分地处理这些幼小植物。
通常,术语“栽培植物”将理解为包括已经通过育种、诱变或基因工程被修饰的植物。基因修饰的植物是这样的植物,它们的遗传物质已经利用重组DNA技术以如此方式修饰,从而在自然环境下不能通过杂交、诱变或天然重组轻易地获得这些植物。一般而言,一个或多个基因已经整合入基因修饰植物的遗传物质中,旨在改善该植物的某些性质。
术语“栽培植物”将理解为还包括已经因常规育种或基因工程方法而使之耐受特定类型除草剂施加的植物,所述的除草剂如是羟基苯基丙酮酸二加氧酶(HPPD)抑制剂;乙酰乳酸合酶(ALS)抑制剂,如磺酰脲(见例如US6,222,100、WO 01/82685、WO 00/26390、WO 97/41218、WO 98/02526、WO 98/02527、WO 04/106529、WO 05/20673、WO 03/14357、WO 03/13225、WO 03/14356、WO 04/16073)或咪唑啉酮(见例如US 6,222,100、WO01/82685、WO 00/26390、WO 97/41218、WO 98/02526、WO 98/02527、WO 04/106529、WO 05/20673、WO 03/14357、WO 03/13225、WO 03/14356、WO 04/16073);烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶(EPSPS)抑制剂,如草甘膦(见例如WO92/00377);谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)抑制剂如草铵膦(见例如EP-A-0242236、EP-A-242246)或苯腈类除草剂(见例如US5,559,024)。已经通过常规育种方法(诱变)使得几种栽培植物耐受除草剂,例如,耐受咪唑啉酮类,例如甲氧咪草烟的夏季油菜(卡诺拉油菜)。基因工程方法已经用来使得栽培植物如大豆、棉花、玉米、甜菜和油菜耐受除草剂如草甘膦和草铵膦,这些除草剂中的一些以商标名(草甘膦)和(草铵膦)市售。
术语“栽培植物”将理解为还包括这样的植物,其中由于使用重组DNA技术,所述植物能够合成一种或多种杀虫蛋白,尤其已知来自细菌属芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、特别来自苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)的那些杀虫蛋白,如δ-内毒素,例如CryIA(b)、CryIA(c)、CryIF、CryIF(a2)、CryIIA(b)、CryIIIA、CryIIIB(b1)或Cry9c;营养期杀虫蛋白(VIP),例如VIP1、VIP2、VIP3或VIP3A;线虫定居性细菌(例如发光杆菌属(Photorhabdus spp.)或致病杆菌属(Xenorhabdus spp.)的杀虫蛋白;动物产生的毒素,如蝎毒素、蜘蛛毒素、黄蜂毒素或其他的昆虫特异性神经毒素;真菌产生的毒素,如链霉菌毒素、植物凝集素,如豌豆或大麦凝集素;凝集素(agglutinin);蛋白酶抑制剂如胰蛋白酶抑制剂、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、patatin、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂或木瓜蛋白酶抑制剂;核糖体失活蛋白(RIP)、如蓖麻毒蛋白、玉蜀黍-RIP、相思豆毒蛋白、软瓜蛋白、肥皂草毒蛋白或异株泻根毒蛋白;类固醇代谢酶,如3-羟基类固醇氧化酶、蜕皮甾醇UDP-糖基转移酶、胆固醇氧化酶、蜕皮激素抑制剂或HMG-CoA-还原酶;离子通道阻滞剂、如钠通道或钙通道阻滞剂;保幼激素酯酶;利尿激素受体(helicokinin受体);芪合酶、联苄合酶、几丁质酶或葡聚糖酶。在本发明的上下文中,这些杀虫蛋白或毒素应当明确地还理解为前毒素、杂合蛋白、截短或以其他方式修饰的蛋白质。杂合蛋白以蛋白质结构域的新组合为特征(见,例如WO 02/015701)。此类毒素或能够合成此类毒素的基因修饰植物的其他实例在例如EP-A374753、WO 93/007278、WO95/34656、EP-A 427529、EP-A451878、WO 03/018810和WO 03/52073中公开。用于产生此类基因修饰植物的方法通常是本领域技术人员已知的并且在例如上文提到的出版物中描述。基因修饰植物中所含有的这些杀虫蛋白赋予产生这些蛋白质的植物针对来自节肢动物全部分类群的害虫,尤其针对甲虫(鞘翅目(Coeloptera))、双翅昆虫(双翅目(Diptera)和蛾(鳞翅目(Lepidoptera))以及针对线虫(Nematoda)的耐受性。
能够合成一种或多种杀虫蛋白的基因修饰植物例如在上文提到的出版物中描述,并且它们中的一些是市售的,如(产生Cry1Ab毒素的玉米栽培品种)、Plus(产生Cry1Ab和Cry3Bb1毒素的玉米栽培品种)、(产生Cry9c毒素的玉米栽培品种)、RW(产生Cry34Ab1、Cry35Ab1和膦丝菌素N-乙酰基转移酶[PAT]的玉米栽培品种);33B(产生Cry1Ac毒素的棉花栽培品种)、I(产生Cry1Ac毒素的棉花栽培品种)、II(产生Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab2毒素的棉花栽培品种);(产生VIP-毒素的棉花栽培品种);(产生Cry3A毒素的马铃薯栽培品种);来自法国Syngenta SeedsSAS的Bt11(例如CB)和Bt176(产生Cry1Ab毒素和PAT酶的玉米栽培品种)、来自法国Syngenta Seeds SAS的MIR604(产生改良形式Cry3A毒素的玉米栽培品种,参考WO 03/018810)、来自比利时Monsanto EuropeS.A.的MON 863(产生Cry3Bb1毒素的玉米栽培品种)、来自比利时Monsanto Europe S.A.的IPC 531(产生改良形式Cry1Ac毒素的棉花栽培品种)和来自比利时Pioneer Overseas Corporation的1507(产生Cry1F毒素和PAT酶的玉米栽培品种)。
术语“栽培植物”将理解为还包括这样的植物,其中由于使用重组DNA技术,所述植物能够合成一种或多种蛋白以增加这些植物对细菌性、病毒性或真菌病原体的抵抗性或耐受性。此类蛋白质的实例是所谓的“病原体相关蛋白”(PR蛋白,见,例如EP-A 0392225)、植物疾病抗性基因(例如马铃薯栽培品种,其表达源自墨西哥野生马铃薯Solanum bulbocastanum的对抗致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)的抗性基因)或T4-溶菌酶(例如能够合成这些蛋白质的具有增加的细菌(如梨火疫菌(Erwinia amylvora))抗性的马铃薯栽培品种)。用于产生此类基因修饰植物的方法通常是本领域技术人员已知的并且在例如上文提到的出版物中描述。
术语“栽培植物”将理解为还包括这样的植物,其中由于使用重组DNA技术,所述植物能够合成一种或多种蛋白以增加这些植物的生产力(生物量产量、谷粒产量、淀粉含量、含油量或蛋白质含量)、对干旱、盐度或其他限制生长的环境因素的耐受性或针对害虫和真菌性、细菌性或病毒性病原体的耐受性。
术语“栽培植物”将理解为还包括这样的植物,其中由于使用重组DNA技术,所述植物含有改良量的物质含量或新物质含量,尤其旨在改善人类或动物营养,例如产生促进健康的长链ω-3脂肪酸或不饱和ω-9脂肪酸的油料作物(例如油菜)。
如本文中所用的术语“蛋白质”理解为寡肽或多肽或由多肽组成的分子,所述的多肽也明确地包括前蛋白、杂合蛋白、肽、截短或以其他方式修饰的蛋白质,包括从以下转录后修饰衍生的那些蛋白质:如酰化(例如乙酰化(添加乙酰基,通常在蛋白质的N末端处)、烷基化(添加烷基(例如添加乙基或甲基,通常在赖氨酸或精氨酸残基处))或去甲基化、C末端处酰胺化、生物素酰化(带有生物素附加物的保守赖氨酸残基的酰化)、甲酰化、依赖于维生素K的γ-羧化、谷氨酰化(共价连接谷氨酸残基)、糖基化(添加糖基至天冬酰胺、羟赖氨酸、丝氨酸或苏氨酸,从而产生糖蛋白)、糖化(非酶促地附着糖)、甘氨酰化(共价连接一个或多个甘氨酸残基)、共价附着血红素部分、羟化、碘化、异戊烯化(isoprenylation)(添加异戊二烯基团如法尼醇和牻牛儿基牻牛儿醇)、硫辛酰化(lipoylation)(附着硫辛酸官能性),包括异戊烯化、GPI锚定物形成(例如豆蔻酰化、法尼基化和牻牛儿基牻牛儿基化)、共价附着核苷酸或其衍生物,包括ADP核糖基化和黄素附着、氧化、聚乙二醇化、共价附着磷脂酰肌醇、磷酸泛酰巯基乙胺基化(从辅酶A添加4′-磷酸泛酰巯基乙胺基部分)、磷酸化(添加磷酸基团,通常至丝氨酸、酪氨酸、苏氨酸或组氨酸)、焦谷氨酸形成、脯氨酸外消旋化、tRNA介导的氨基酸添加如精氨酰化、硫酸化(添加硫酸酯基团至酪氨酸)、硒化(selenoylation)(在硒蛋白中共翻译地掺入硒)、ISG化(共价连接于ISG15蛋白[干扰素刺激的基因15])、SUMO化(共价连接于SUMO蛋白[小遍在蛋白相关修饰蛋白])、遍在蛋白化(共价连接于遍在蛋白或多聚遍在蛋白)、瓜氨酸化或去亚胺基化(deimination)(精氨酸转变成瓜氨酸)、去酰胺化(谷氨酰胺转变成谷氨酸或天冬酰胺转变成天冬氨酸)、形成二硫键(两个半胱氨酸氨基酸共价连接)或蛋白酶剪切(蛋白质在肽键处切割)。
术语“地点”将理解为其中植物物正在生长或打算生长的任何类型的环境、土壤、地区或材料以及对植物和/或其繁殖体的生长和发育产生影响的环境条件(如温度、水可用性、辐射)。此外,术语“地点”将理解为其中害虫正在生长或也可以生长的植物、种子、土壤、地区、材料或环境。
“作物产量”是植物状况的一项指标,因而“作物”将被理解为收获后进一步利用的任意植物或植物产物,例如本来意义上的果实、蔬菜、坚果、谷物、木材(例如,在造林植物的情况下)、花(例如在园艺植物、观赏植物的情况下),其是该植物产生的具有经济价值的任何物质。
根据本发明,植物、尤其农业、造林和/或观赏植物的“增加的产量”意指与相同条件下但不施加本发明组合物时所产生的该植物的相同产物的产量相比,相应植物的产物的产量增加可测量的量。
术语“种子”包括全部类型的种子和植物繁殖体,它们包括但不限于真实种子、插条(seed pieces)、吸根、球茎、鳞茎、果实、块茎、谷粒、插条、扦插嫩枝(cut shoot)等并且在优选的实施方案中意指真实种子。
术语“种子处理”包括本领域已知的全部合适的种子处理技术,如拌种、种子包衣、种子撒粉、浸种、种子浸渍(seed impregnation)和种子造粒。
术语“植物繁殖材料”或“植物繁殖产物”理解为表示植物的全部有生育能力部分,如种子和营养性植物材料如插条和块茎(例如马铃薯),它们可以用于植物的繁殖。这包括植物的种子、谷粒、根、果实、块茎、鳞茎、根状茎、插条、孢子、分枝、苗、芽和其他部分,包括意图在萌发后移植或从土壤出苗后移植的幼苗和幼小植物、分生组织、从中可以获得完整植株的单个和多个植物细胞和任何其他植物组织。
术语“用包被”和/或“含有”通常表示有效成分在施加时间绝大部分位于繁殖产物的表面上,尽管取决施加方法,或多或少部分的成分可能渗入该繁殖产物中。当该繁殖产物(再)栽种时,它可以吸收这种有效成分。“同时”施加将理解为共同或分别施加组分(I)和(II)。
组分(I)也可以用颗粒状载体物质配制。该载体也可以基本上由水溶性或水不溶性材料或其混合物组成。枯草芽孢杆菌细胞也可以包埋入该载体材料中和/或也可以吸附于该载体材料的表面。
可在干燥之前作为共配制剂添加至通常新鲜培育的枯草芽孢杆菌细胞的悬液的载体物质也可以选自源于天然来源(如乳、肉或谷物)的单糖、寡糖和多糖、多元醇、聚醚、聚合物如CMC或PVP、寡肽和多肽、衍生的物质或混合的物质,如甜乳清粉、小麦面粉麸皮(wheat semolina bran)、胨、藻酸盐、无机化合物或此类材料的混合物。该材料也可以溶解于该枯草芽孢杆菌细胞悬液中,也可以随后干燥此混合物以获得颗粒状材料。
在另一个实施方案中,该载体也可以包含水不溶性、吸水性载体物质,该载体物质可以选自能够从活枯草芽孢杆菌的悬液中移除水份的任何有机或无机材料,并且尤其选自由沸石、多孔性珠子或粉末、二氧化硅、磨碎的农产品(例如玉米轴)、多孔性木材制品、纤维素、环糊精及其组合组成的组。载体也可以与通常新鲜培育的枯草芽孢杆菌细胞的悬液掺合以形成颗粒状材料,后者任选地可以进一步进行干燥。
此外,对枯草芽孢杆菌起到稳定作用的添加剂可以添加至该混合物,该添加优选地在制备颗粒状制剂之前,例如抗氧化剂如α-生育酚或抗坏血酸或其混合物。此外,稳定作用可以由其他物质产生,所述的其他物质选自无机盐如碱金属氯化物或碱土金属氯化物、无机或有机缓冲液如碱金属磷酸盐缓冲液、氨基酸如天冬氨酸或谷氨酸及其盐、有机羧酸如柠檬酸、非挥发性有机溶剂如二甲基亚砜和其他化合物如β-胡萝卜素,和这些物质的混合物。
在具体的实施方案中,颗粒状制剂包含该载体物质,例如所述的水不溶性、吸水性载体物质,其中该载体物质以与所述载体混合的制剂和枯草芽孢杆菌总重量计至少约40%、例如以至少50、60、70、80、85、90、95、96、97、98或99%的量存在。
根据又一个实施方案,所述的颗粒状制剂按照本身已知的方式用合适的相容性包衣或封装材料包衣。
合适的封装材料不限制地包括天然或改性的壳聚糖、天然或改性淀粉,葡聚糖或糊精,改性从而可溶解的纤维素,多种天然或改性的植物或微生物胶中任一者,包括琼脂、瓜尔胶、槐豆胶、角叉菜胶、黄原胶、果胶等,及其组合。
其他合适的包衣材料是聚合物,如PVP,尤其以商标名Kollidon VA64市售的PVP产品。另一种有用的包衣系统包含虫胶和Kollidon 25或30的混合物,该混合物也可以补充有二氧化钛和牛脂。
根据本发明,组分(I)和(II)通常以1000∶1至1∶1000例如200∶1至1∶200、100∶1至1∶100例如90∶1至1∶90、80∶1至1∶80、75∶1至1∶75、50∶1至1∶50、25∶1至1∶25或10∶1至1∶10的重量比使用。
优选使用组分(I)和(II)的市售制剂,其中也可以添加对有害真菌或其他害虫如昆虫、蜘蛛或线虫有活性的其他化合物或有除草或生长调节活性的化合物(例如PGR)、肥料或阳光防护剂(如氧化铁)至所述市售制剂。在优选的实施方案中,该组合物包含组分(I)、至少一种组分(II)和氧化铁。
根据需要,相对于组分(I)以20∶1至1∶20的比率添加其他的活性组分(II)。
通常,使用包含组分(I)和(II)的组合物,其中组分(II)仅由一种化学化合物组成。然而,在某些情况下,其中组分(II)由两种或如果合适由多种化学化合物组成的组合物也可能是有利的。
根据本发明的术语,“有效量”将理解表示组分(I)和任选地组分(II)的全部施加率以及相对于包含组分(I)和至少一种组分(II)的任何类型混合物或组合物而言的全部施加率,其中所述的施加率导致农业植物在基本上不存在病原体压力下增加的生长势和/或作物产量。最适“有效量”取决于多种参数,如施加时间、生长期、施加面积、施加形式、处理的植物、土壤、天气条件等,并且必须由本领技术人员在给定的范围内决定。
在本发明方法的一个实施方案中,以有效量施加包含组分(I)和至少一种组分(II)的混合物,其中“有效量”将理解为这样的量,其适合在基本上不存在病原体压力下以协同的方式增加农业植物的生长势和/或作物产量。
取决于具体组分和待处理的植物,液体制剂中组分(I)的施加率通常是每公顷0.01l至100l、优选地0.02l至50l/公顷,尤其0.05至18l/公顷的组合物,其中所述的组合物含有枯草芽孢杆菌菌株或该菌株的具有全部鉴定特征的突变体、该菌株或其突变体的无细胞提取物或该菌株或其突变体的分离的代谢物。在干态制剂中组分(I)的施加率通常是0.01lbs/英亩至100lbs/英亩,优选地每英亩0.02lbs至50lbs并且尤其是0.05lbs至5lbs/英亩。在组分(I)来自枯草芽孢杆菌菌株或其突变体的完整培养液的情况下,施加的菌落形成单位(CFU)数目是重要的,并且通常是每英亩1x1010直至1x1015、优选地每英亩1x1011直至1x1014,或者尤其每英亩1x1012直至1x1013。
相应地,组分(II)的施加率通常是1至2000g/公顷、5至100g/公顷、优选地10至500g/公顷、尤其40至250g/公顷每种活性成份。
相应地,组分(II)的施加率通常是1至2000g/公顷、优选地10至1500g/公顷、尤其40至1,000g/公顷。
在本发明方法的优选实施方案中,种子被处理。
本发明的方法通过施加组分(I)和任选地组分(II)或施加包含组分(I)和任选组分(II)的组合物、通过在播种植物之前或之后或在植物出苗之前或之后对种子、植物或土壤喷洒或撒粉来实施。
在本发明的优选方法中,施加作为沟内和/或叶处理法实施。最优选地,施加作为叶处理法实施。
如果本发明的农业混合物在本发明的方法中使用,植物、植物繁殖体、植物的种子和/或植物正在生长或打算生长的地点优选地用组分(I)和至少一种选自活性化合物组(A)至(J)中的组分(II)同时(一起或分别)或依次处理。
依次施加以允许所施加化合物的联合作用的时间间隔实施。优选地,依次施加组分(I)和至少一种组分(II)的时间间隔的范围从几秒直至3个月,优选地,从几秒直至1个月,更优选地从几秒直至2周,甚至更优选地从几秒直至3日并且尤其从1秒直至24小时。
在优选的实施方案中,组分(II)在收获前间隔期前施加,而组分(I)在收获前间隔期期间施加。
这里,我们已经发现,与采用各化合物时可能的对照率相比,同时(即共同或分别)施加组分(I)或包含组分(I)和至少一种选自活性化合物组(A)至(J)中化合物的混合物或相继施加包含组分(I)的混合物或包含组分(I)和至少一种选自活性化合物组(A)至(J)中化合物的混合物允许在基本上不存在病原体压力下增加农业植物的生长势和/或作物产量(协同性混合物)。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中,将组分(I)或包含组分(I)和至少一种选自活性化合物组(A)至(J)中化合物的农用化学混合物反复施加。在一个实施方案中,将施加重复2至10次,优选地2至5次,最优选地3次。
本发明的组合物或单一组分可以分别地转化成常用制剂,例如溶液剂、乳剂、混悬剂、喷粉剂、粉剂、糊剂和粒剂。使用形式取决于具体的预期目的;在每种情况下,应当确保本发明混合物的细密和均匀分布。
制剂以已知的方式制备,例如通过用溶剂和/或载体,根据需要使用乳化剂和分散剂扩充单一组分。适于此目的的溶剂/辅料基本上是:
·水、芳香族溶剂(例如产品,二甲苯)、石蜡(例如矿物油级分)、醇(例如甲醇、丁醇、戊醇、苄醇)、酮(例如环己酮、γ-丁内酯)、吡咯烷酮(N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N-辛基吡咯烷酮)、乙酸酯(乙二醇二乙酯)、二醇、脂防酸二甲酰胺、脂防酸和脂防酸酯。原则上,可以使用溶剂混合物。
·载体,如研磨的天然矿物(例如高岭土、粘土、滑石、白垩)和研磨的人工矿物(例如高度分散的硅石、硅酸盐);乳化剂如非离子和阴离子乳化剂(例如聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、烷基磺酸盐和芳基磺酸盐)和分散剂如亚硫酸纸浆废液和甲基纤维素。
所用的适宜表面活性剂是木素磺酸、萘磺酸、酚磺酸、二丁基萘磺酸的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和铵盐、烷基芳基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、脂肪醇硫酸盐、脂防酸和硫酸化脂肪醇乙二醇醚,以及磺酸化萘和萘衍生物与甲醛的缩合物、萘或萘磺酸与苯酚和甲醛的缩合物、聚氧乙烯辛苯醚、乙氧基化异辛基酚、辛基酚、壬基酚、烷基苯基聚乙二醇醚、三丁基苯基聚乙二醇醚、三硬脂基苯基聚乙二醇醚、烷基芳基聚醚醇、醇和脂肪醇环氧乙烷缩合物、乙氧基化蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、乙氧基化聚氧丙烯、月桂醇聚乙二醇醚缩醛、山梨醇酯、亚硫酸纸浆素废液和甲基纤维素。
适合制备可直接喷洒性溶液剂、乳剂、糊剂或油分散体的物质是中沸点至高沸点的矿物油级分,如煤油或柴油,进一步是煤焦油和植物或动物来源的油、脂族烃、环烃和芳香烃,例如甲苯、二甲苯、石蜡、四氢化萘、烷基化萘或其衍生物、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、环己醇、环己酮、异佛尔酮、高极性溶剂,例如,二甲基亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和水。
粉剂、铺展用材料和可撒布产品可以通过将活性物质混合或连同固体载体同时研磨来制备。
颗粒剂,例如包衣颗粒剂、浸渍颗粒剂和均质颗粒剂,可以通过将活性化合物与固体载体粘合来制备。固体载体的实例是矿物土(mineral earth)如硅胶、硅酸盐类、滑石、高岭土、镁质粘土、石灰岩、石灰、白垩、红玄武土(bole)、黄土、粘土、白云石、硅藻土、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、氧化镁、研磨的合成材料、肥料例如硫酸铵、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、尿素,和植物源产物如谷物粉、树皮粉(tree bark meal)、木粉(wood meal)及坚果壳粉(nutshellmeal)、纤维素粉和其他固体载体。
为了实现本发明范围内的组合物的良好分散和粘合,也可以有利的是用辅助分散和粘合的组分配制完整肉汤培养物、上清液和/或代谢物。
通常,所述制剂包含以重量计0.01至95%、优选以重量计0.1至90%的组分。
化学组分(II)以90%至100%、优选地95%至100%的纯度(根据NMR谱)使用。
以下是制剂的实例:
1.用水稀释的产品
A)水溶性浓缩物(SL)
将以重量计10份本发明的组合物溶解于以重量计90份水或溶解于水溶性溶剂中。作为备选,添加湿润剂或其他助剂。用水稀释产生了具有以重量计10%的组分(I)和(II)含量的制剂。
B)可分散浓缩物(DC)
以重量计20份的本发明组合物溶解于以重量计70份环己酮中,同时添加以重量计10份的分散剂(例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)。用水稀释产生了具有以重量计0%的组分(I)和(II)含量的分散体。
C)可乳化浓缩物((EC)
以重量计15份的本发明组合物溶解于以重量计75份的二甲苯中,同时添加十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(在每种情况下以重量计5份)。用水稀释产生乳液。该制剂具有以重量计15%的组分(I)和(II)含量。
D)乳剂(EW、EO)
以重量计25份的本发明组合物溶解于以重量计35份的二甲苯中,同时添加十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(在每种情况下以重量计5份)。将这种混合物借助乳化器(例如Ultraturrax)导入以重量计30的水中并且制成均质乳液。用水稀释产生乳液。该制剂具有以重量计25%的组分(I)和(II)含量。
E)混悬剂(SC、OD)
在搅拌式球磨机中,磨碎以重量计20份的本发明组合物,同时添加以重量计10份的分散剂、湿润剂和以重量计70份的水或有机溶剂以产生精细混悬剂。用水稀释产生了具有以重量计20%的组分(I)和(II)含量的稳定混悬剂。
F)水分散性粒剂和水溶性粒剂(WG,SG)
将以重量计50份的本发明组合物细致研磨,同时添加以重量计50份的分散剂和湿润剂并且通过技术设备(例如挤出机、喷雾塔、流化床)制备为水分散性粒剂和水溶性粒剂。用水稀释产生了具有以重量计50%的组分(I)和(II)含量的稳定分散体或溶液剂。
G)水分散性粉剂和水溶性粉剂(WP,SP)
在转子-定子磨机中研磨以重量计75份的本发明组合物,同时添加以重量计25份的分散剂、湿润剂和硅胶。用水稀释产生了具有以重量计75%的组分(I)和(II)含量的稳定分散体或溶液剂。
2.不稀释而施加的产品
H)可撒粉剂(DP,DS)
将以重量计5份的本发明组合物细致研磨并且立即与以重量计95份细分的高岭土混合。这产生了具有以重量计5%的组分(I)和(II)含量的可撒布产品。
J)粒剂(GR、FG、GG、MG)
将以重量计0.5份的本发明组合物细致研磨并且与以重量计99.5份的载体联合。现有的方法是挤出法、喷雾干燥法或流化床法。这产生了具有以重量计0.5%的组分(I)和(II)含量的不稀释而施加的粒剂。
K ULV溶液剂(UL)
以重量计10份本发明组合物溶解于以重量计90份的有机溶剂(例如二甲苯)中。这产生了具有以重量计10%的组分(I)和(II)含量的不稀释而施加的产品。
组分(I)和(II)可以原样使用、以其制剂的形式或从中所制备的使用形式使用,例如以直接可喷洒的溶液剂、粉剂、混悬剂或分散体、乳剂、油分散体、糊剂、可撒布产品、铺展用材料或粒剂的形式,通过喷洒、喷雾、撒布、铺展或倾倒来使用。使用形式完全取决于预期目的;它们意图确保在每种情况下本发明组分(I)和(II)的最精细可能分布。
可以通过添加水从乳剂浓缩物、糊剂或可湿性粉剂(喷洒粉剂、油分散体)中制备含水的使用形式。为了制备乳剂、糊剂或油分散体,可以借助湿润剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂在水中均化原样或溶解于油或溶剂中的所述物质。然而,也可以制备由活性物质、湿润剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂和(如果合适)溶剂或油组成的浓缩物,并且此类浓缩物适合用水稀释。
所述组分在即用型制品中的浓度可以在相对宽的范围内变动。通常,它们是0.0001至100%,优选地是0.01至100%。
也可以在超低容积方法(ULV)中成功地使用组分(I)和(II),从而施加包含以重量计超过95%活性化合物的制剂或甚至在无添加剂情况下施加组分(I)和(II)是可能的。
也可以将各种类型的油、阳光防护剂、湿润剂或辅料添加至组分(I)或(II),甚至,如果合适,将要使用前添加(桶混合)。这些化学物一般以1∶100至100∶1、优选地1∶10至10∶1的重量比与本发明的组分a)或b)混合。
在一个实施方案中,组分(I)与阳光防护剂一起施加。合适的阳光防护剂例如是氧化铁或有机UV光防护遮蔽剂(photoprotective filter)。
有机UV光防护遮蔽剂理解为意指能够吸收紫外线并且将吸收的能量再次以更长波长的辐射散(例如热)发出来的有机物质。术语“有机UV光防护遮蔽剂”涉及一种类型的所述化合物或其不同类型所述化合物的混合物。所述有机物质也可以是油溶性或水溶性的,或它们也可以与聚合物结合。光防护遮蔽剂也可以是UV-A和/或UV-B遮蔽剂,优选地是UV-B遮蔽剂。
可以使用的UV-B例如是以下物质:
·3-亚苄基樟脑及其衍生物,例如3-(4-甲基亚苄基)樟脑;
·4-氨基苯甲酸衍生物,优选地4-(二甲氨基)苯甲酸2-乙基己酯、4-(二甲氨基)苯甲酸2-辛酯和4-(二甲氨基)苯甲酸戊酯;
·肉桂酸酯,优选地4-甲氧基肉桂酸2-乙基己酯、4-甲氧基肉桂酸丙酯、4-甲氧基肉桂酸异戊酯、4-甲氧基肉桂酸异戊酯、2-氰基-3-苯基肉桂酸2-乙基己酯(奥克立林(otocrylene));
·水杨酸的酯,优选水杨酸2-乙基己酯、水杨酸4-异丙基苄酯、水杨酸高(薄荷)酯;
·二苯酮的衍生物,优选地2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基-4′-甲基二苯酮、2,2′-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯酮;
·亚苄基丙二酸的酯,优选4-甲氧亚苄基丙二酸2-乙基己酯;
·丙烷-1,3-二酮,例如,1-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3-(4′-甲氧基苯基)丙烷-1,3-二酮;
·2-苯基苯并咪唑-5-磺酸及其碱金属盐、碱土金属盐、铵盐、烷基铵盐、烷醇铵盐(alkanolammonium)和glucammonium盐;
·二苯酮的磺酸衍生物,优选地2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯酮-5-磺酸及其盐;
·3-亚苄基樟脑的磺酸衍生物,例如,4-(2-氧代-3-龙脑亚基甲基)苯磺酸和2-甲基-5-(2-氧代-3-龙脑亚基)磺酸及其盐。
优选的UV-B遮蔽剂是二苯酮的衍生物。
合适的UV-A遮蔽剂是:
·苯甲酰甲烷的衍生物,例如1-(4′-叔丁基苯基)-3-(4′-甲氧基苯基)丙烷-1,3-二酮、4-叔丁基-4′-甲氧基二苯甲酰甲烷或1-苯基-3-(4′-异丙基苯基)丙烷-1,3-二酮;
·二苯酮的氨羟基取代的衍生物,例如N,N-二乙基氨基羟基苯甲酰-正己基苯甲酸酯。
在这种意义上合适的辅料尤其是:有机改性的聚硅氧烷,例如BreakThru S醇烷氧基化物,例如AtplusAtplus MBAPlurafac LF和Lutensol ONEO/PO嵌段聚合物,例如PluronicRPE和Genapol醇乙氧基化物,例如Lutensol XP和磺基琥珀酸二辛酯钠,例如Leophen
为了处理种子的目的,相应的制剂在某些情况下可以稀释2-10倍,从而产生即用型制品中0.01至60%重量、优选0.1至40%重量活性化合物的浓度。
常规的种子处理制剂包括例如可流动浓缩物FS、溶液剂LS、用于干式处理的粉剂DS、用于浆液处理的水可分散性粉剂WS、水溶性粉剂SS和乳剂ES和EC及凝胶制剂GF。这些制剂可以在稀释或不稀释的情况下施加至种子。在播种前实施对种子施加,或直接施加在种子上。
在一个实施方案中,FS制剂用于种子处理。一般而言,FS制剂可以包含1-800g/l活性成分、1-200g/l表面活性剂、0至200g/l防冻剂、0至400g/l粘合剂、0至200g/l色素和至多到1升溶剂,优选地是水。
根据本发明的一个变型,本发明的又一个主题是通过施加处于组合状态或作为组合物/制剂的含有本发明植物健康组合物的颗粒制剂,或施加两种颗粒制剂的混合物(每种颗粒制剂含有所述两种活性成份之一),任选地连同一种或多种可农用固态或液态载体和/或任选地连同一种或多种可农用表面活性剂,尤其施加其至播种沟中来处理土壤的方法。该方法有利地用于谷物、玉米、棉花和向日葵的播种床中。每种活性成份的比率也可以在10至1000g/公顷,例如50至500g/公顷或50至200g/公顷的范围内。
通过在播种植物之前和植物出苗之前对种子壤喷洒或撒布来实施种子处理应用。
在种子处理中,通过用有效量的组分(I)和任选地至少一种组分(II)处理种子来应用相应的制剂。此处,本发明组合物的施加率一般是每100kg种子0.1g至10kg、优选地每100kg种子1g至5kg、尤其每100kg种子1g至2.5kg。对于特定的作物如莴苣,该比率可以更高。在组分(I)从枯草芽孢杆菌菌株或其突变体的完整肉汤衍生的种子处理应用中,菌落形成单位(CFU)数目是重要的,并且通常是每英亩1x1010直至1x1012、优选地每英亩1x109直至1x1013,或者尤其每英亩1x1010直至1x1012。
以下实施例应当说明本发明,而非限制它。下文所列实验中的全部植物可以在基本上不存在病原体压力下生长。
实施例1:番茄
使用枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713在温室中通过半土壤浸透处理番茄种子。具体而言,将番茄种子播种于含有无菌介质的蒸汽灭菌托盘中并且使用标准技术在温室中培育。ASO(其是一种含有1×109个CFU(菌落形成单位)/g的枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713液体制剂)以每英亩4oz、8oz和16oz的比率在播种时间施加至介质。ASO产品用作喷洒施加且不用作真浸透(true drench),因为喷洒施加不提供足够引起萌发的水。不用ASO产品处理的其他种子用作阴性对照。
在移植至田间时,基于培育者对植物高度、根质量大小及叶颜色和瘦长性的观察,在以ASO处理过的介质中培育的植物比未处理的对照组中的植物显示更高的生长势。此外,更高百分数的用ASO产品处理的植物比未处理的对照组中的那些植物能够用于田间(表1a)。
表1a
如表1a中可以见到,通过增加植物的生长势,从而导致可以用于田间栽植的植物数目增加,Serenade ASO对植物健康产生积极效果。
将用Serenade ASO处理的可用移植物和对照依次栽植于田间并且在相同的标准条件(全部植物均接受相同的浇水、杀虫剂施加等)培育下直至收获。归因于杀虫剂施加,所述植物可以在基本上不存在病原体压力下生长。在收获时,在温室中播种时用Serenade ASO处理过的植物比未处理的对照产生更多的番茄总重量和更多的可销售番茄(表1b)。
表1b
实施例2:辣椒
使用枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713在温室中通过半土壤浸透法处理辣椒种子。具体而言,将辣椒种子播种于含有无菌介质的蒸汽灭菌托盘中并且使用标准技术在温室中培育。ASO(其是一种含有1×109个CFU/g的枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713液体制剂)以每英亩4oz、8oz和16oz的比率在播种时施加至介质。ASO产品用作喷洒施加且不用作真浸透(true drench),因为喷洒施加不提供足够引起萌发的水。不用ASO产品处理的其他种子用作阴性对照。
在移植至田间时,基于培育者对植物高度、根质量大小及叶颜色和瘦长性的观察,在以ASO处理过的介质中培育的植物比未处理的对照组中的植物显示更高的生长势。此外,与未处理的对照组中的那些植物相比,更高百分数的用ASO产品处理的植物能够用于田间(表2)。
表2
实施例3:绿花椰菜
使用枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713在温室中通过半土壤浸透法处理绿花椰菜种子。具体而言,将绿花椰菜种子播种于含有无菌蛭石的蒸汽灭菌托盘中并且使用标准技术在温室中培育。ASO(其是一种含有1×109个CFU/g的枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713液体制剂)以每英亩4oz、8oz和16oz的比率在播种时施加至介质。ASO产品用作喷洒施加且不用作真浸透(true drench),因为喷洒施加不提供足够引起萌发的水。不用ASO产品处理的其他种子用作阴性对照。
在移植至田间时,基于培育者对植物高度、根质量大小及叶颜色和瘦长性的观察,在以ASO处理过的介质中培育的植物比未处理的对照组中的植物显示更高的生长势。此外,与未处理的对照组中的那些植物相比,更高百分数的用ASO产品处理的植物能够用于田间(表3)。
表3
实施例4:小麦
通过以每100lb种子4oz、8oz、12oz或16oz的比率施加ASO产品的浆液至小麦种子,用枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713处理该种子。通过将ASO与水混合制备该浆液。种子在浆液中停留不同的时间段,从过夜至两周。田地以每英亩80-100lb的比率播种。将种子施加至其中疾病压力基本上不存在的田地。因此,培育者一般不会为疾病控制从事种子处理。
表4
如表4中可以见到,当少于10oz/100lb种子施加时,通过增加产量,ASO对植物健康产生极积极的效果。当用这种特定制剂以更高的量施加时,产量也可以保持不受影响或也可以甚至下降。然而,不知道这种下降是否归咎于这种特定制剂中的制剂惰性材料(formulation inert)或归咎于活性成份的比率。利用常规实验,本领域普通技术人员将能够决定组分(I)的最佳施加比率。
实施例5:小麦
ASO产品(其含有1×109个CFU/g的枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713)在小麦种子播种时随以下播种肥(starter fertilizer):10-34-0(10%氮、34%磷酸盐和0%钾)和/或Power Up(6%氮、18%磷酸盐和6%钾)以下文所示的每英亩比率一起施加于沟内。疾病压力基本上不存在,从而不报告该试验的疾病率。这是培育者一般不施加ASO产品的情形,因为将不从疾病控制角度判断成本。
表5
实施例6:莴苣
使用市售制剂,利用所述活性化合物,并且将其根据如表6中所述的浓度/投药率稀释。
将市售的莴苣幼苗(“Eichblatt”)用于所述的温室试验。每个处理使用4个重复(每盆1株植物)。将植物培育于温室中于大约20℃下的市售基质(Floradur A)中。使用25ml体积的产品溶液或水(对照),连续16日进行浸透施加。在最末日,使用植物全部地上部分测定鲜重。
表6
如从表6可以见到,MAX强烈地增加作为蔬菜重要参数的莴苣植株鲜重。
实施例7大豆
大豆在2008年12月于巴西圣保罗Campinas,San Antonio de Posse的BASF实验站播种。以每公顷300,000株植物的播种率播种品种Emprapa48。行距是45cm。将两个试验作为随机区组设计建立,6次重复。样区大小是20m2。
将枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713通过叶面施加法施加至处于发育期23/29(BBCH)的大豆植株的营养体部分,随后叶面施加单独或与唑菌胺酯(在发育期60/63(BBCH)于开花伊始作为施加)桶混的枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713。使用商品制剂(10%,WP,具有5×109cfu/g)和(250g/L,EC),施加所述活性成份。所述制剂以表7中给出的剂量率使用。叶面施加的总喷洒体积是150l/公顷。按每公顷3kg产品施加并且按0.4l/公顷的产品比率施加在成熟时,收获作物并且以吨/公顷测量籽实产量。终末处理后31日通过评价每样区10株随机选择的植物的绿叶面积评估绿叶面积(表7)。
根据以下公式,将效力(E)计算为与未处理的对照相比处理组中绿叶面积的增加%:
E=a/b-1·100
E效力
a对应于已处理植物的绿叶面积(%),和
b对应于未处理植物(对照)的绿叶面积(%)
效力(E)0意味已处理植物的绿叶面积对应于未处理的对照植物的绿叶面积;效力100意味处理的植物显示绿叶面积增加100%。
表7
PR=产品比率;FC=制剂浓度;FT=制剂类型;AT=施加时间(BBCH);GLA=绿叶面积;绿叶面积(效力)
实施例8大豆
在2009年于横贯美国中西部大豆生长地区(IN、IL、IA、MO、NE和SD)的9个位置种植大豆。种植日期从内布拉斯加州York的5月7日至密苏里州Clarence的6月22日。将枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713施加处于发育期23/29(BBCH)的大豆植株的营养体部分。使用商品制剂Serenade(14.3%,WP,具有7.3×109cfu/g),施加枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713。Serenade以表8中给出的剂量率使用。叶面施加的总喷洒体积从140至200l/公顷。Serenade以每公顷3kg产品施加。在成熟时,收获作物并且以吨/公顷测量籽实产量(表8)。在对7处试验地点终末处理后36至66日通过评价每样区10株随机选择的植物的绿叶面积评估绿叶面积(表8)。如上文所示计算效力。
表8
PR=产品比率;FC=制剂浓度;FT=制剂类型;AT=施加时间(BBCH);GLA=绿叶面积;绿叶面积(效力)
实施例9冬小麦
在2008/2009生长季于横贯德国的4个位置(Thuringia,Baden-Wuerttemberg,和Rhineland-Palatinate)培育冬小麦。作物的播种从9月21日延续至10月26日。将试验以随机区组设计建立,6次重复。枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713施加至处于出苗伊始的冬小麦植物(生长期31/32,BBCH)。杀真菌剂喷洒顺序由出苗伊始施加氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、随后在旗叶期(生长期37/39)施加氧唑菌与唑菌胺酯的组合。使用商品制剂Serenade(14.3%,WP,具有7.3×109cfu/g),施加枯草芽孢杆菌QST713。氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)作为市售制剂(125g/l,SC)在出苗伊始单独施加。氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)和唑菌胺酯的组合作为含有62.5g/l氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)和85g/l唑菌胺酯的即用型开发制剂(SE)施加。表9中给出产品比率。叶面施加的总喷洒体积是300l/公顷。在成熟时,收获作物并且以吨/公顷测量籽实产量(表9)。
表9
PR=产品比率;FC=制剂浓度;FT=制剂类型;AT=施加时间(BBCH);
实施例10玉米
在2009年于美国伊利诺斯州Carlyle种植玉米。品种Burrus 616XLR以常规播种率和76cm株距种植。将该试验作为随机区组设计建立,6次重复。样区大小是18m2。在发育期34/37(BBCH)施加唑菌胺酯。将枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713(Serenade)在发育期34/37(BBCH)施加至玉米植物,随后在发育期55/57(BBCH)第二次施加。在发育期34/37(BBCH)施加作为罐混物的与唑菌胺酯组合的枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713(Serenade)。使用商品制剂Serenade(14.3%,WP,具有7.3×109cfu/g)和(250g/L,EC),施加所述活性成份。所述制剂以表10中给出的剂量率使用。叶面施加的总喷洒体积是200l/公顷。按每公顷2.1kg产品施加Serenade并且按0.44l/公顷的产品比率施加在成熟时,收获作物并且以吨/公顷测量籽实产量(表10)。
使用Colby公式(Colby,S.R.,计算除草剂组合的协同性和拮抗性应答(Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicidecombinations),Weeds,15,第20-22页,1967年),评价因活性化合物组合所预期的产量增加,并且将其与观察到的产量增加比较。
Colby公式 E=x+y-x·y/100
E预期效力,表述为使用处于浓度a和b的活性化合物A和B的混合物时,相对于未处理的对照,以吨/公顷计的产量的数字差异,
x效力,表述为使用处于浓度a的活性化合物A时,相对于未处理的对照,以吨/公顷计的产量的数字差异,
y效力,表述为使用处于浓度b的活性化合物B时,相对于未处理的对照,以吨/公顷计的产量的数字差异,
表10
PR=产品比率;FC=制剂浓度;FT=制剂类型;AT=施加时间(BBCH);
实施例11冬小麦
在2008/2009生长季于法国加莱(Cagnicourt)培育冬小麦。品种Premio在11月1日以以125kg/公顷播种率播种。将该试验作为随机区组设计建立,伴有6次重复,并且样区大小是22.5m2。枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713施加至处于出苗伊始的冬小麦植物(生长期31/32,BBCH)。杀真菌剂喷洒顺序由出苗伊始施加氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、随后在旗叶期(生长期37/39)施加唑菌胺酯与氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)的组合。使用商品制剂Serenade(14.3%,WP,具有7.3×109cfu/g),施加枯草芽孢杆菌QST 713。氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)作为市售制剂(125g/l,SC)在出苗伊始单独施加。氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)和唑菌胺酯的组合作为含有62.5g/l氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)和85g/l唑菌胺酯的即用型开发Opera制剂(SE)施加。表11中给出产品比率。叶面施加的总喷洒体积是300l/公顷。分别在抽穗结束和开花伊始时,计数每平方米穗数(表11)。如上文所述,使用Colby公式(Colby,S.R.,计算除草剂组合的协同性和拮抗性应答(Calculatingsynergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations),Weeds,15,第20-22页,1967年),评价因活性化合物组合所预期的每平方米穗数增加,并且将其与观察到的增加比较。
表11
PR=产品比率;FC=制剂浓度;FT=制剂类型;AT=施加时间(BBCH);
实施例12豌豆
使用市售制剂,利用所述活性化合物,并且将其根据如相应数据表中所述的浓度/剂量率稀释。
使用Hege种子处理设备以依次方法对豌豆的种子进行种子处理。唑菌胺酯以每100kg种子850ml浆液的容量施加。此后,将所述量的MAX溶解于总体积8.3L的水(用于100kg种子的量)中并且以十个步骤依次施加,在各步骤之间将干燥种子。所述化合物作为商用成品制剂使用并且用水稀释至活性化合物的所述浓度。
将豌豆种子播种于土壤中(10粒种子/盆,10次重复/处理)并且在温室中于20℃孵育12日。为每次处理收获并且汇集植物,并且测定植物鲜重。
使用如上文定义的Colby公式[R.S.Colby,计算除草剂组合的协同性和拮抗性应答(Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses ofherbicide combinations),Weeds,15,20-22(1967年)],测定活性化合物混合物的所预期的植物鲜重,并且将其与观察到的植物鲜重比较。
如表12中可以见到,当施加Serenade时,测得的鲜重与未处理的对照植物相比强烈地增加。在施加本发明混合物如Serenade与唑菌胺酯组合的情况下,作为植物生长势和产量的一项指标的鲜重甚至协同地增加。
表12
Claims (15)
1.用于在基本上不存在病原体压力下增加农业植物的生长势和/或作物产量的方法,其中将所述植物、植物繁殖体、植物的种子和/或植物正在生长或打算生长的地点用有效量的组合物处理,该组合物包含
a)具有NRRL登录号B-21661的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株或其无细胞提取物和/或具有相应菌株或提取物的全部鉴定性特征的该菌株的突变体或者提取物作为组分(I),和
b)任选地至少一种化学化合物作为组分(II),所述化学化合物选自活性化合物组A)至J):
A)嗜球果伞素类,其选自由以下物质组成的组:
腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、烯肟菌酯(enestroburin)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、亚胺菌(kresoxim-methyl)、叉氨苯酰胺(metominostrobin)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)、pyribencarb、肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、2-(2-(6-(3-氯-2-甲基-苯氧基)-5-氟-嘧啶-4-基氧基)-苯基)-2-甲氧亚氨基-N-甲基-乙酰胺、3-甲氧基-2-(2-(N-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-环丙烷-羰亚氨基硫烷基甲基)-苯基)-丙烯酸甲酯、(2-氯-5-[1-(3-甲基苄氧基亚氨基)乙基]苄基)氨基甲酸甲酯和2-(2-(3-(2,6-二氯苯基)-1-甲基-亚烯丙基氨氧基甲基)-苯基)-2-甲氧基亚氨基-N-甲基-乙酰胺;
B)羧酰胺类,其选自由以下物质组成的组:
·甲酰苯胺类:苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、精苯霜灵(benalaxyl-M)、麦锈灵(benodanil)、bixafen、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、萎锈灵(carboxin)、呋菌胺(fenfuram)、环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、呋吡唑灵(furametpyr)、isopyrazam、isotianil、kiralaxyl、丙氧灭锈胺(mepronil)、甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、精甲霜灵(metalaxyl-M)(mefenoxam)、甲呋酰胺(ofurace)、霜灵(oxadixyl)、氧化萎锈灵(oxycarboxin)、penthiopyrad、sedaxane、叶枯酞(tecloftalamm)、溴氟唑菌(thifluzamide)、tiadinil、2-氨基-4-甲基-噻唑-5-甲酰苯胺、2-氯-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-茚满-4-基)-烟酰胺、N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(4′-三氟甲基硫代联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(2-(1,3-二甲基-丁基)-苯基)-1,3-二甲基-5-氟-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺和N-(2-(1,3,3-三甲基-丁基)-苯基)-1,3-二甲基-5-氟-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;
·羧酸吗啉类:烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、氟吗啉(flumorph)、丁吡吗啉(pyrimorph);
·苯甲酰胺类:氟联苯菌(flumetover)、氟吡菌胺(fluopicolide)、氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)、苯酰菌胺(zoxamide)、N-(3-乙基-3,5,5-三甲基-环己基)-3-甲酰氨基-2-羟基-苯甲酰胺;
·其他羧酰胺类:氯环丙酰胺(carpropamid)、dicyclomet、双炔酰菌胺(mandiproamid)、土霉素(oxytetracyclin)、硫硅菌胺(silthiofarm)和N-(6-甲氧基-吡啶-3-基)环丙烷羧酸酰胺;
C)唑类,其选自由以下物质组成的组:
·三唑类:氧环唑(azaconazole)、双苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、糠菌唑(bromuconazole)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、醚唑(difenoconazole)、烯唑醇(diniconazole)、烯唑醇-M(diniconazole-M)、氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、喹唑菌酮(fluquinconazole)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、粉唑醇(flutriafol)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、酰胺唑(imibenconazole)、环戊唑醇(ipconazole)、环戊唑菌(metconazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、oxpoconazole、多效唑(paclobutrazole)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、硅氟唑(simeconazole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、唑菌醇(triadimenol)、戊叉唑菌(triticonazole)、烯效唑(uniconazole)、1-(4-氯-苯基)-2-([1,2,4]三唑-1-基)-环庚醇;
·咪唑类:氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、烯菌灵(imazalil)、稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)、丙氯灵(prochloraz)、氟菌唑(triflumizol);
·苯并咪唑类:苯菌灵(benomyl)、多菌灵(carbendazim)、麦穗宁(fuberidazole)、涕必灵(thiabendazole);
·其他:噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、氯唑灵(etridiazole)、土菌消(hymexazole)和2-(4-氯苯基)-N-[4-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)异唑-5-基]-2-丙-2-炔氧基乙酰胺;
D)杂环化合物类,其选自由以下物质组成的组:
·吡啶类:氟啶胺(fluazinam)、啶斑肟(pyrifenox)、3-[5-(4-氯-苯基)-2,3-二甲基-异唑烷-3-基]-吡啶、3-[5-(4-甲基-苯基)-2,3-二甲基-异唑烷-3-基]-吡啶、2,3,5,6-四-氯-4-甲磺酰基-吡啶、3,4,5-三氯吡啶-2,6-二腈、N-(1-(5-溴-3-氯-吡啶-2-基)-乙基)-2,4-二氯烟酰胺、N-[(5-溴-3-氯-吡啶-2-基)-甲基]-2,4-二氯-烟酰胺;
·嘧啶类:磺嘧菌灵(bupirimate)、环丙嘧啶(cyprodinil)、二氟林(diflumetorim)、异嘧菌醇(fenarimol)、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)、氯草定(nitrapyrin)、氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、二甲嘧菌胺(pyrimethanil);
·哌嗪类:嗪氨灵(triforine);
·吗啉类:4-十二烷基-2,6-二甲基吗啉(aldimorph)、吗菌灵(dodemorph)、吗菌灵乙酸酯(dodemorph-acetate)、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、克啉菌(tridemorph);
·哌啶类:苯锈啶(fenpropidin);
·二甲酰亚胺类:氟菌安(fluoroimid)、异丙定(iprodione)、杀菌利(procymidone)、烯菌酮(vinclozolin);
·非芳族5元杂环类:唑酮菌(famoxadone)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、flutianil、异噻菌酮(octhilinone)、噻菌灵(probenazole)、5-氨基-2-异丙基-3-氧代-4-邻甲苯-2,3-二氢-吡唑-1-硫代羟酸S-烯丙酯;
·其他:噻二唑素(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、amisulbrom、敌菌灵(anilazin)、灭瘟素(blasticidin-S)、敌菌丹(captafol)、克菌丹(captan)、灭螨猛(chinomethionat)、棉隆(dazomet)、咪菌威(debacarb)、哒菌清(diclomezine)、野燕枯(difenzoquat)、野燕枯甲基硫酸酯(difenzoquat-methylsulfate)、氰菌胺(fenoxanil)、灭菌丹(Folpet)、恶喹酸(oxolinic acid)、粉病灵(piperalin)、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、咯喹酮(pyroquilon)、喹氧灵(quinoxyfen)、咪唑嗪(triazoxide)、三环唑(tricyclazole)、2-丁氧基-6-碘-3-丙基色烯-4-酮、5-氯-1-(4,6-二甲氧基-嘧啶-2-基)-2-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑、5-氯-7-(4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶和5-乙基-6-辛基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺;
E)氨基甲酸酯类,其选自由以下物质组成的组:
·硫代和二硫代氨基甲酸酯类:福美铁(ferbam)、代森锰锌(mancozeb)、代森锰(maneb)、威百亩(metam)、磺菌威(methasulphocarb)、代森联(metiram)、甲基代森锌(propineb)、福美双(thiram)、代森锌(zineb)、福美锌(ziram);
·氨基甲酸酯类:苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb)、乙霉威(diethofencarb)、异丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)、百维灵(propamocarb)、霜霉威盐酸盐、valiphenal和N-(1-(1-(4-氰基-苯基)乙磺酰基)-丁-2-基)氨基甲酸-(4-氟苯基)酯;
F)其他活性物质,其选自由以下物质组成的组:
·胍类:胍、多果定、多果定游离碱、双胍辛胺(guazatine)、双胍辛胺乙酸盐(guazatine-acetate)、双胍辛醋酸盐(iminoctadine)、双胍辛胺三乙酸酯(iminoctadine-triacetate)、双八胍盐(iminoctadine-tris(albesilate));
·抗生素类:春雷素(kasugamycin)、春雷素盐酸盐水合物(kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate)、、链霉素、多氧霉素(polyoxins)、井岗霉素、链霉素;
·硝基苯衍生物:乐杀螨(binapacryl)、消螨通(dinobuton)、消螨普(dinocap)、异丙消(nitrthal-isopropyl)、四氯硝基苯(tecnazen),
·有机金属化合物:三苯锡基盐,如三苯锡基乙酸盐、三苯锡基盐酸盐或氢氧化三苯锡基;
·含硫的杂环基化合物:二噻农(dithianon)、稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane);
·有机磷化合物类:克瘟散(edifenphos)、藻菌磷(fosetyl)、乙磷铝(fosetyl-aluminum)、异稻瘟净(iprobenfos)、亚磷酸及其盐、定菌磷(pyrazophos)、甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl);
·有机氯化合物类:百菌清(chlorothalonil)、抑菌灵(dichlofluanid)、双氯酚(dichlorophen)、磺菌胺(flusulfamide)、六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、五氯酚(pentachlorphenole)及其盐、四氯苯酞(phthalide)、五氯硝基苯(quintozene)、甲基托布津(thiophanate-methyl)、对甲抑菌灵(tolylfluanid)、N-(4-氯-2-硝基-苯基)-N-乙基-4-甲基-苯磺酰胺;
·无机活性物质:波尔多液、乙酸铜、氢氧化铜、王铜(copperoxychloride)、碱式硫酸铜、硫;
·其他:联苯基、拌棉醇(bronopol)、环氟菌胺(cyflufenamid)、清菌脲(cymoxanil)、二苯胺(diphenylamine)、苯菌酮(metrafenone)、米多霉素(mildiomycin)、喹啉铜(oxin-copper)、调环酸钙(prohexadione-calcium)、螺茂胺(spiroxamine)、对甲抑菌灵(tolylfluanid)、N-(环丙基甲氧基亚氨基-(6-二氟-甲氧基-2,3-二氟-苯基)-甲基)-2-苯基乙酰胺、N′-(4-(4-氯-3-三氟甲基-苯氧基)-2,5-二甲基-苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒、N′-(4-(4-氟-3-三氟甲基-苯氧基)-2,5-二甲基-苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒、N′-(2-甲基-5-三氟甲基-4-(3-三甲硅烷基-丙氧基)-苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒、N′-(5-二氟甲基-2-甲基-4-(3-三甲硅烷基-丙氧基)-苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒、2-{1-[2-(5-甲基-3-三氟甲基-吡唑-1-基)-乙酰基]-哌啶-4-基}-噻唑-4-羧酸甲基-(1,2,3,4-四氢-萘-1-基)-酰胺、2-{1-[2-(5-甲基-3-三氟甲基-吡唑-1-基)-乙酰基]-哌啶-4-基}-噻唑-4-羧酸甲基-(R)-1,2,3,4-四氢-萘-1-基-酰胺、乙酸6-叔丁基-8-氟-2,3-二甲基-喹啉-4-基酯和甲氧乙酸6-叔丁基-8-氟-2,3-二甲基-喹啉-4-基酯;三苯基乙酸锡、三苯基氯化锡、三苯基氢氧化锡;
G)植物生长调节剂(PGRs),其选自由以下物质组成的组:脱落酸(abscisic acid)、先甲草胺(amidochlor)、嘧啶醇(ancymidol)、6-苄基氨基嘌呤、油菜素内酯(brassinolide)、地乐胺(butralin)、矮壮素阳离子(chlormequat)(氯化矮壮素(chlormequat chloride))、胆碱盐酸盐(cholinechloride)、环丙酸酰胺(cyclanilide)、丁酰肼(daminozide)、敌草克(dikegulac)、噻节因(dimethipin)、2,6-二甲基吡啶、乙烯利(ethephon)、氟节胺(flumetralin)、调嘧醇(flurprimidol)、达草氟(fluthiacet)、调吡脲(forchlorfenuron)、赤霉酸(gibberellic acid)、抗倒胺(inabenfid)、吲哚-3-乙酸、抑芽丹(maleic hydrazide)、氟草磺(mefluidide)、助壮素(mepiquat)(氯化助壮素(mepiquat chloride))、萘乙酸、N-6-苄基腺嘌呤、多效唑、调环酸(调环酸钙)、茉莉酸诱导体(prohydrojasmon)、赛二唑素(thidiazuron)、抑芽唑(triapenthenol)、三硫代磷酸三丁酯、2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸、抗倒酯(trinexapac-ethyl)及烯效唑;
H)除草剂,其选自由以下组成的组
·乙酰胺类:乙草胺(acetochlor)、甲草胺(alachlor)、丁草胺(butachlor)、克草胺(dimethachlor)、噻吩草胺(dimethenamid)、氟噻草胺(flufenacet)、苯噻草胺(mefenacet)、异丙甲草胺(metolachlor)、吡草胺(metazachlor)、草萘胺(napropamide)、萘丙胺(naproanilide)、烯草胺(pethoxamid)、丙草胺(pretilachlor)、毒草安(propachlor)、噻醚草胺(thenylchlor);
·氨基酸衍生物:双丙氨酰膦(bilanafos)、草铵膦(glufosinate)、草硫膦(sulfosate);
·芳氧基苯氧基丙酸酯类:炔草酸(clodinafop)、氰氟草酯(cyhalofop-butyl)、唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop)、吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop)、吡氟氯禾灵(haloxyfop)、metamifop、喔草酯(propaquizafop)、喹禾灵(quizalofop)、精喹禾灵(quizalofop-p-tefuryl);
·联吡啶类:敌草快(diquat)、对草快(paraquat);
·硫代氨基甲酸酯类:黄草灵(asulam)、苏达灭(butylate)、长杀草(carbetamide)、异苯敌草(desmedipham)、哌草丹(dimepiperate)、扑草灭(eptam)(EPTC)、禾草畏(esprocarb)、草达灭(molinate)、坪草丹(orbencarb)、苯敌草(phenmedipham)、苄草丹(prosulfocarb)、稗草畏(pyributicarb)、杀草丹(thiobencarb)、野麦畏(triallate);
·环己二酮类:丁氧环酮(butroxydim)、烯草酮(clethodim)、噻草酮(cycloxydim)、profoxydim、稀禾定(sethoxydim)、醌肟草(tepraloxydim)、肟草酮(tralkoxydim);
·二硝基苯胺类:氟草胺(benfluralin)、丁氟消草(ethalfluralin)、黄草消(oryzalin)、胺硝草(pendimethalin)、氨基丙氟灵(prodiamine)、氟乐灵(trifluralin);
·二苯醚类:氟锁草醚(acifluorfen)、苯草醚(aclonifen)、治草醚(bifenox)、氯甲草(diclofop)、氯氟草醚(ethoxyfen)、氟黄胺草醚(fomesafen)、乳氟禾草灵(lactofen)、氟硝草醚(oxyfluorfen);
·羟基苄腈类:溴苯腈(bromoxynil)、敌草腈(dichlobenil)、碘苯腈(ioxynil);
·咪唑啉酮类:咪草酯(imazamethabenz)、咪草啶酸(imazamox)、甲基咪草烟(imazapic)、灭草烟(imazapyr)、灭草喹(imazaquin)、咪草烟(imazethapyr);
·苯氧基乙酸类:稗草胺(clomeprop)、2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸(2,4-滴(2,4-D))、2,4-滴丁酸(2,4-DB)、2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop)、2甲4氯(MCPA)、MCPA-硫乙基、2甲4氯丁酸(MCPB)、2甲4氯丙酸(mecoprop);
·吡嗪类:杀草敏(chloridazone)、氟哒嗪草酯(flufenpyr-ethyl)、达草氟(fluthiacet)、达草灭(norflurazone)、达草止(pyridate);
·吡啶类:氯氨吡啶酸(aminopyralid)、二氯皮考啉酸(clopyralid)、吡氟草胺(diflufenican)、氟硫草定(dithiopyr)、氟草同(fluridone)、氟草烟(fluroxypyr)、毒莠定(picloram)、picolinafen、噻氟啶草(thiazopyr);
·磺酰脲类:磺氨黄隆(amidosulfuron)、四唑黄隆(azimsulfuron)、苄嘧黄隆(bensulfuron)、氯嘧黄隆(chlorimuron-ethyl)、绿黄隆(chlorsulfuron)、醚黄隆(cinosulfuron)、环丙黄隆(cyclosulfamuron)、乙氧嘧黄隆(ethoxysulfuron)、啶嘧黄隆(flazasulfuron)、氟吡黄隆(flucetosulfuron)、氟啶黄隆(flupyrsulfuron)、甲酰胺黄隆(foramsulfuron)、吡氯黄隆(halosulfuron)、啶咪黄隆(imazosulfuron)、碘黄隆(iodosulfuron)、甲磺胺黄隆(mesosulfuron)、精甲磺胺黄隆(metsulfuron-methyl)、烟黄隆(nicosulfuron)、环丙苯磺隆(oxasulfuron)、氟嘧黄隆(primisulfuron)、氟丙黄隆(prosulfuron)、吡嘧黄隆(pyrazosulfuron)、玉嘧黄隆(rimsulfuron)、嘧黄隆(sulfometuron)、乙黄黄隆(sulfosulfuron)、噻黄隆(thifensulfuron)、醚苯黄隆(triasulfuron)、苯黄隆(tribenuron)、三氟啶黄隆(trifloxysulfuron)、氟胺黄隆(triflusulfuron)、三氟甲黄隆(tritosulfuron)、1-((2-氯-6-丙基咪唑并[1,2-b]哒嗪-3-基)磺酰基)-3-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)脲;
·三嗪类:莠灭净(ametryn)、莠去津(atrazine)、草净津(cyanazine)、戊草津(dimethametryn)、乙嗪草酮(ethiozine)、六嗪酮(hexazinone)、苯嗪草酮(metamitron)、赛克津(metribuzin)、扑草净(prometryn)、西玛津(simazine)、特丁津(terbuthylazine)、去草净(terbutryn)、苯氧丙胺津(triaziflam);
·脲类:绿麦隆(chlorotoluron)、香草隆(daimuron)、敌草隆(diuron)、伏草隆(fluometuron)、异丙隆(isoproturon)、利谷隆(linuron)、噻唑隆(methabenzthiazuron)、丁唑隆(tebuthiuron);
·其他乙酰乳酸合成酶抑制剂:双嘧苯甲酸钠(bispyribac-sodium)、唑嘧磺胺盐(cloransulam-methyl)、唑嘧磺胺(diclosulam)、双氟磺草胺(florasulam)、氟酮黄隆(flucarbazone)、氟唑啶草(flumetsulam)、唑草磺胺(metosulam)、ortho-sulfamuron、五氟磺草胺(penoxsulam)、丙苯磺隆(propoxycarbazone)、pyribambenz-propyl、嘧苯草肟(pyribenzoxim)、pyriftalid、肟啶草(pyriminobac-methyl)、pyrimisulfan、嘧硫苯甲酸(pyrithiobac)、pyroxasulfone、吡唑磺草胺(pyroxsulam);
·其他:氨唑草酮(amicarbazone)、杀草强(aminotriazole)、莎稗磷(anilofos)、氟丁酰草胺(beflubutamid)、草除灵(benazolin)、bencarbazone、呋草黄(benfluresate)、吡草酮(benzofenap)、噻草平(bentazone)、benzobicyclon、除草定(bromacil)、溴丁酰草胺(bromobutide)、氟丙嘧草酯(butafenacil)、草胺磷(butamifos)、唑草胺(cafenstrole)、氟酮唑草(carfentrazone)、吲哚酮草酯(cinidon-ethlyl)、敌草索(chlorthal)、环庚草醚(cinmethylin)、异恶草酮(clomazone)、苄草隆(cumyluron)、cyprosulfamide、麦草畏(dicamba)、苯敌快、二氟吡隆(diflufenzopyr)、稗内脐蠕孢菌(Drechslera monoceras)、草藻灭(endothal)、乙呋草磺(ethofumesate)、乙苯酰草(etobenzanid)、四唑草胺(fentrazamide)、酰亚胺苯氧乙酸(flumiclorac-pentyl)、氟嗪酮(flumioxazin)、胺草唑(flupoxam)、氟咯草酮(fluorochloridone)、呋草酮(flurtamone)、茚草酮(indanofan)、异恶草胺(isoxaben)、异氟草(isoxaflutole)、环草定(lenacil)、敌稗(propanil)、拿草特(propyzamide)、二氯喹啉酸(quinclorac)、喹草酸(quinmerac)、硝磺酮(mesotrione)、甲砷酸(methylarsenic acid)、抑草生(naptalam)、炔丙唑草(oxadiargyl)、恶草灵(oxadiazon)、氯嗪草(oxaziclomefone)、戊唑草(pentoxazone)、pinoxaden、双唑草腈(pyraclonil)、氟唑草酯(pyraflufen-ethyl)、pyrasulfotol、苄草唑(pyrazoxyfen)、吡唑特(pyrazolynate)、灭藻醌(quinoclamine)、saflufenacil、磺草酮(sulcotrione)、磺胺草唑(sulfentrazone)、特草定(terbacil)、tefuryltrione、tembotrione、thiencarbazone、吡草磺(topramezone)、4-羟基-3-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基甲基)-6-三氟甲基吡啶-3-羰基]双环[3.2.1]辛-3-烯-2-酮、(3-[2-氯-4-氟-5-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-4-三氟甲基-3,6-二氢-2H-嘧啶-1-基)苯氧基]吡啶-2-基氧基)乙酸乙酯、6-氨基-5-氯-2-环丙基嘧啶-4-甲酸甲酯、6-氯-3-(2-环丙基-6-甲基苯氧基)哒嗪-4-醇、4-氨基-3-氯-6-(4-氯苯基)-5-氟吡啶-2-甲酸、4-氨基-3-氯-6-(4-氯-2-氟-3-甲氧基苯基)吡啶-2-甲酸甲酯及4-氨基-3-氯-6-(4-氯-3-二甲氨基-2-氟苯基)吡啶-2-甲酸甲酯;
J)杀虫剂,其选自由以下物质组成的组:
·有机(硫代)磷酸酯类:高灭磷(acephate)、唑啶磷(azamethiphos)、谷硫磷(azinphos-methyl)、毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)、甲基毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos-methyl)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)、二嗪农(diazinon)、敌敌畏(dichlorvos)、百治磷(dicrotophos)、乐果(dimethoate)、乙拌磷(disulfoton)、乙硫磷(ethion)、杀螟松(fenitrothion)、倍硫磷(fenthion)、异唑磷(isoxathion)、马拉硫磷(malathion)、甲胺磷(methamidophos)、杀扑磷(methidathion)、甲基一六零五(methyl-parathion)、速灭磷(mevinphos)、久效磷(monocrotophos)、砜吸磷(oxydemeton-methyl)、对氧磷(paraoxon)、一六零五(parathion)、稻丰散(phenthoate)、伏杀硫磷(phosalone)、亚胺硫磷(phosmet)、磷胺(phosphamidon)、甲拌磷(phorate)、辛硫磷(phoxim)、虫螨磷(pirimiphos-methyl)、丙溴磷(profenofos)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)、乙丙硫磷(sulprophos)、四氯烯磷(tetrachlorvinphos)、特丁磷(terbufos)、三唑磷(triazophos)、敌百虫(trichlorfon);
·氨基甲酸酯类:棉铃威(alanycarb)、涕灭威(aldicarb)、虫威(bendiocarb)、丙硫克百威(benfuracarb)、甲萘威(carbaryl)、虫螨威(carbofuran)、丁硫克百威(carbosulfan)、双氧威(fenoxycarb)、呋线威(furathiocarb)、灭虫威(methiocarb)、灭多虫(methomyl)、甲氨叉威(oxamyl)、抗蚜威(pirimicarb)、残杀威(propoxur)、硫双威(thiodicarb)、唑蚜威(triazamate);
·拟除虫菊酯类:丙烯除虫菊酯(allethrin)、氟氯菊酯(bifenthrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、氯氟氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、苯醚氰菊酯(cyphenothrin)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)、α-氯氰菊酯(alpha-cypermethrin)、β-氯氰菊酯(beta-cypermethrin)、己体氯氰菊酯(zeta-cypermethrin)、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、高氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、醚菊酯(etofenprox)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、杀灭菊酯(fenvalerate)、咪炔菊酯(imiprothrin)、λ-氯氟氰菊酯(lambda-cyhalothrin)、氯菊酯(permethrin)、炔酮菊酯(prallethrin)、除虫菊酯(pyrethrin)I和II、吡咪唑菌(resmethrin)、灭虫硅醚(silafluofen)、τ-氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、胺菊酯(tetramethrin)、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)、四氟菊酯(transfluthrin)、profluthrin、dimefluthrin;
·昆虫生长调节剂:a)几丁质合成抑制剂:苯甲酰脲类:定虫隆(chlorfluazuron)、灭蝇胺(cyromazine)、氟脲杀(diflubenzuron)、氟螨脲(flucycloxuron)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)、氟丙氧脲(lufenuron)、双苯氟脲(novaluron)、伏虫隆(teflubenzuron)、杀虫隆(triflumuron)、噻嗪酮(buprofezin)、茂醚(diofenolan)、噻螨酮(hexythiazox)、特苯唑(etoxazole)、四螨嗪(clofentazin);b)蜕皮激素拮抗剂:特丁苯酰肼(halofenozide)、甲氧苯酰肼(methoxyfenozide)、双苯酰肼(tebufenozide)、艾扎丁(azadirachtin);c)保幼激素类似物:蚊蝇醚(pyriproxyfen)、蒙五一五(methoprene)、双氧威(fenoxycarb);d)类脂生物合成抑制剂:螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen)、螺虫乙酯(spirotetramate);
·烟碱受体激动剂/拮抗剂化合物:噻虫胺(clothianidin)、呋虫胺(dinotefuran)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)、硝胺烯啶(nitenpyram)、吡虫清(acetamiprid)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid)、1-(2-氯噻唑-5-基甲基)-2-硝亚氨基-3,5-二甲基-[1,3,5]三氮杂环己烷(triazinane);
·GABA拮抗剂化合物类:硫丹(endosulfan)、乙虫清(ethiprol)、锐劲特(fipronil)、氟吡唑虫(vaniliprol)、pyrafluprol、pyriprol、5-氨基-1-(2,6-二氯-4-甲基苯基)-4-胺亚磺酰基-1H-吡唑-3-硫代甲酰胺;
·大环内酯类:齐墩螨素(abamectin)、甲氨基阿维菌素(emamectin)、米尔螨素(milbemectin)、lepimectin、艾克敌105(spinosad)、spinetoram;
·线粒体电子传输抑制剂(METI)I杀螨剂:喹螨醚(fenazaquin)、哒螨酮(pyridaben)、吡螨胺(tebufenpyrad)、唑虫酰胺(tolfenpyrad)、flufenerim;
·METI II和III化合物:灭螨醌(acequinocyl)、嘧螨酯(fluacyprim)、灭蚁腙(hydramethylnon);
·去偶剂:氟唑虫清(chlorfenapyr);
·氧化磷酸化抑制剂:三环锡(cyhexatin)、杀螨硫隆(diafenthiuron)、杀螨锡(fenbutatin oxide)、克螨特(propargite);
·蜕皮干扰剂化合物:灭蝇胺(cryomazine);
·混合功能氧化酶抑制剂:增效醚(piperonyl butoxide);
·其他:benclothiaz、联苯肼酯(bifenazate)、杀螟丹(cartap)、氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)、啶虫丙醚(pyridalyl)、拒嗪酮(pymetrozine)、硫磺、硫环杀(thiocyclam)、氟虫酰胺(flubendiamid)、chlorantraniliprole、cyazypyr(HGW86);cyenopyrafen、flupyrazofos、丁氟螨酯(cyflumetofen)、磺胺螨酯(amidoflumet)、imicyafos、和双三氟虫脲(bistrifluron)和新喹唑啉(pyrifluquinazon)。
2.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中使用枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)菌株的市售制剂。
3.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中组分(II)选自组A)至G)。
4.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中组分(II)选自组A)、B)、C)、E)和G)。
5.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中组分(II)选自组A)。
6.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中组分(II)是唑菌胺酯。
7.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中组分(II)选自波尔多液、乙酸铜、氢氧化铜、王铜(copper oxychloride)、碱式硫酸铜和硫。
8.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中
a)具有NRRL登录号B-21661的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株或其无细胞提取物和/或具有各自菌株或提取物的全部鉴定性特征的该菌株的突变体或者提取物作为组分(I),和
b)一种选自如权利要求1中所定义活性化合物组A)至J)中的化学化合物作为组分(II)
以100∶1至1∶100的重量比施加。
9.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中
a)具有NRRL登录号B-21661的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株或其无细胞提取物和/或具有各自菌株或提取物的全部鉴定性特征的该菌株的突变体或者提取物作为组分(I),和
b)一种选自如权利要求1中所定义活性化合物组A)至J)中的化学化合物作为组分(II)
同时,即共同或分别或者依次地施加。
10.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中种子被处理。
11.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中施加作为沟内和/或叶处理实施。
12.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中实施重复施加。
13.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中选自活性化合物组(A)至(J)的组分(II)在收获前间隔期前施加,而组分(I)在收获前间隔期期间施加。
14.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中所述农业植物选自大豆、玉米、小麦、黑小麦、大麦、燕麦、黑麦、油菜、粟、稻、向日葵、棉、甜菜、仁果、核果、柑橘、香蕉、草莓、越橘、杏、葡萄、芒果、番木瓜、花生、马铃薯、番茄、辣椒、葫芦、黄瓜、甜瓜、西瓜、大蒜、洋葱、绿花椰菜、胡萝卜、卷心菜、菜豆、成熟的菜豆(dry bean)、卡诺拉油菜、豌豆、小扁豆、苜蓿、车轴草、三叶草、亚麻、象草、牧草、莴苣、甘蔗、茶、烟草和咖啡;每种植物处于其天然或基因修饰形式。
15.具有NRRL登录号B-21661的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株或其无细胞提取物和/或具有相应菌株或提取物的全部鉴定性特征的该菌株的突变体或者提取物作为组分(I),和任选地至少一种选自如权利要求1中所定义活性化合物组A)至J)中的化学化合物作为组分(II)的用途,用于在基本上不存在病原体压力下增加农业植物的生长势和/或作物产量。
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CN109258449A (zh) * | 2018-07-25 | 2019-01-25 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | 一种具有优良抗病性的辣椒育种方法 |
CN109526974A (zh) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-03-29 | 江西省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | 一种高效防治水稻稻瘟病的组合物及应用方法 |
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CN110800545A (zh) * | 2019-11-30 | 2020-02-18 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境(集团)股份有限公司 | 一种荒漠区花棒的育苗造林方法 |
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