CN102438819A - 包括多个离散的延伸元件的着色的材料纤维网 - Google Patents

包括多个离散的延伸元件的着色的材料纤维网 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102438819A
CN102438819A CN2010800113705A CN201080011370A CN102438819A CN 102438819 A CN102438819 A CN 102438819A CN 2010800113705 A CN2010800113705 A CN 2010800113705A CN 201080011370 A CN201080011370 A CN 201080011370A CN 102438819 A CN102438819 A CN 102438819A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
web material
extending element
discrete extending
discrete
film
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Pending
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CN2010800113705A
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English (en)
Inventor
K.J.斯通
R.D.扬
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Procter and Gamble Ltd
Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Ltd
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Application filed by Procter and Gamble Ltd filed Critical Procter and Gamble Ltd
Publication of CN102438819A publication Critical patent/CN102438819A/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种着色的材料纤维网，该纤维网包括多个离散的延伸元件。这种着色的材料纤维网包括掺入到材料自身中的着色剂或设置在材料纤维网的至少一个表面上的着色剂。离散的延伸元件在远端和/或沿离散的延伸元件的侧壁包括变薄部分。在一个实施方案中，离散的延伸元件具有小于约500微米的直径。在一个实施方案中，着色的材料纤维网每平方厘米包括至少约95个延伸元件。在一个实施方案中，离散的延伸元件具有至少约0.2的纵横比。

Description

包括多个离散的延伸元件的着色的材料纤维网
发明领域
本发明涉及一种包括多个离散的延伸元件的着色纤维网。
发明背景
材料纤维网诸如热塑性薄膜具有多种用途，包括用作吸收制品的组件材料(诸如顶片和底片)、包装(诸如流动包裹、收缩包装膜和塑料袋)、垃圾袋、食品包裹物、牙线、擦拭物、电子元件等。就材料纤维网的这些用途中的许多用途来讲，可有益地使材料纤维网具有审美上悦人的特征，诸如所期望的触感、视觉印象、和/或听觉印象。
材料纤维网已通过以如下方式加入着色剂而变成在审美上更加悦人的：直接将着色剂掺入到材料纤维网中或印刷到材料纤维网的表面上以产生审美上悦人的图形从而改善材料纤维网的外观。然而，该方法通常不能改善材料纤维网的触觉特征或声音特征。
其他材料纤维网被加工以向材料纤维网中加入微观纹理，这可改善材料纤维网的触感和/或减小材料纤维网的光泽度。
尽管存在本领域的认识，但仍然期望开发出一种审美上更加悦人的材料纤维网，其具有所期望的触感、视觉印象、和/或听觉印象，尤其是包括多个离散的延伸元件的纤维网，所述延伸元件在纤维网的期望的区域中表现出变薄。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种着色的材料纤维网，其包括多个离散的延伸元件以提供所期望的审美特征，诸如触感、视觉印象和/或听觉印象。
在一个实施方案中，本发明包括一种着色的材料纤维网，其在着色的材料纤维网的至少一个表面上包括着色剂，其中着色的材料纤维网包括多个离散的延伸元件。离散的延伸元件包括开口近端、开口远端或闭合远端、和侧壁。着色的材料纤维网的离散的延伸元件在离散的延伸元件的远端和/或沿离散的延伸元件的侧壁包括变薄部分。在一个实施方案中，离散的延伸元件具有小于约500微米的直径。在一个实施方案中，着色的材料纤维网每平方厘米包括至少约95个延伸元件。在一个实施方案中，离散的延伸元件具有至少约0.2的纵横比。
在另一个实施方案中，本发明包括一种多层的着色的材料纤维网，其包括第一材料纤维网和第二材料纤维网，其中这两个材料纤维网中的至少一个包括掺入到其中的着色剂，并且其中所述多层的纤维网包括多个离散的延伸元件。所述多层的着色的材料纤维网的离散的延伸元件包括开口近端、开口远端或闭合远端、和侧壁。离散的延伸元件包括在离散的延伸元件的远端和/或沿离散的延伸元件的侧壁包括变薄部分。在一个实施方案中，离散的延伸元件具有小于约500微米的直径。在一个实施方案中，所述多层的纤维网每平方厘米包括至少约95个离散的延伸元件。在一个实施方案中，离散的延伸元件具有至少约0.2的纵横比。
在另一个实施方案中，本发明包括一种多层的着色的材料纤维网，其包括第一材料纤维网和第二材料纤维网，其中第一材料纤维网不含着色剂，并且第二材料纤维网为不透明的，并且其中所述多层的纤维网包括多个离散的延伸元件。所述多层的着色的材料纤维网的离散的延伸元件包括开口近端、开口远端或闭合远端、和侧壁。离散的延伸元件在离散的延伸元件的远端和/或沿离散的延伸元件的侧壁包括变薄部分。在一个实施方案中，离散的延伸元件具有小于约500微米的直径。在一个实施方案中，所述多层的纤维网每平方厘米包括至少约95个离散的延伸元件。在一个实施方案中，离散的延伸元件具有至少约0.2的纵横比。
附图简述
本专利或专利申请文件包含至少一个制作成彩色形式的附图或照片。本专利或专利申请公布的具有彩色附图或彩色照片的副本在有人索取并支付必要费用的情况下将由专利局提供。
图1为本发明的着色的材料纤维网的一部分的透视图。
图2为本发明的着色的材料纤维网的一部分的剖面图。
图3为本发明的着色的材料纤维网的一部分的透视图。
图4为显微照片，其示出了本发明的着色的材料纤维网纤维网的顶视图。
图5为显微照片，其示出了本发明的着色的材料纤维网的一部分的剖面图。
图6为本发明的着色的材料纤维网的一部分的透视图。
图7A为本发明的未拉伸的虹彩薄膜前体纤维网的顶视图。
图7B为本发明的拉伸过的虹彩薄膜前体纤维网的顶视图。
图8A为显微照片，其示出了图7A的未拉伸的虹彩薄膜前体纤维网的一部分的剖面图。
图8B为显微照片，其示出了图7B的拉伸过的虹彩薄膜前体纤维网的一部分的剖面图。
图9为用于制造本发明的着色纤维网的连续方法的示意图。
图10为适用于生产本发明的着色纤维网的成形结构的一部分的照片。
图11为显微照片，其示出了适用于生产本发明的着色纤维网的成形结构的突起元件的侧视图。
图12为本发明的着色纤维网的一部分的照片。
图13为本发明的着色纤维网的一部分的显微照片，其示出了具有闭合远端的延伸元件。
图14为本发明的着色纤维网的一部分的显微照片，其示出了具有开口远端的延伸元件。
图15为显微照片，其示出了适用于生产本发明的着色纤维网的成形结构的突起元件的侧视图。
图16为用作妇女卫生护垫的外包裹物的本发明的着色纤维网的照片。
图17为用作妇女卫生护垫的外包裹物的本发明的着色纤维网的照片。
图18为显微照片，其示出了本发明的着色纤维网的一部分的顶视图。
图19为显微照片，其示出了图18的着色纤维网的一部分的剖面图。
图20为本发明的着色纤维网的一部分的照片。
图21为图20的着色纤维网的一部分的进一步放大的照片。
图22为图20的着色纤维网的一部分的顶视图的显微照片。
图23为图22的着色纤维网的一部分的侧视图的显微照片。
图24为本发明的着色纤维网的照片。
图25为适用于生产本发明的着色纤维网的成形结构的一部分的照片。
图26为本发明的着色纤维网的照片。
图27为图26的着色纤维网的进一步放大的照片。
图28为图27的着色纤维网的进一步放大的照片。
图29为本发明的着色纤维网的照片。
发明详述
本发明包括一种着色纤维网，所述着色纤维网包括多个离散的延伸元件和掺入到材料纤维网的一个或多个层中的着色剂或设置在材料纤维网的某个表面上的着色剂。本发明还包括多层的材料纤维网，所述材料纤维网包括多个离散的延伸元件，其中材料纤维网的各层由具有不同折射特性的聚合物制成。本发明还包括材料纤维网，其表现出某种结构颜色并且包括多个离散的延伸元件，其中材料纤维网包括掺入到其中的干涉颜料。
包括多个离散的延伸元件的着色纤维网
本发明的着色的材料纤维网由前体材料纤维网制成，根据下文所述的方法来操纵所述前体材料纤维网以形成本发明的着色的材料纤维网。
本发明的着色的材料纤维网可包括单层的材料纤维网或多层的材料纤维网。
在一个实施方案中，本发明的纤维网包括一种单层的纤维网诸如单层的热塑性薄膜，其具有设置在所述纤维网的一个或两个侧面上的着色剂。着色剂可通过本领域已知的许多方法诸如喷墨印刷、苯胺印刷、轮转凹版印刷、平版印刷、丝网印刷、凸版印刷、移印等设置在纤维网的某个表面上。
在一个实施方案中，本发明的纤维网包括一种多层的纤维网，其中所述多层的纤维网中的至少一层包括着色剂。如果纤维网为热塑性薄膜，则着色剂可与用来制造热塑性薄膜的聚合物树脂共挤出。
在一个实施方案中，本发明的纤维网包括多层的纤维网，其中第一层包含具有第一折射特性的聚合物，并且第二层包含具有第二折射特性的聚合物，其中第一折射特性和第二折射特性是不同的。此类多层的材料纤维网可包括数百个层。
加工前体纤维网以形成三维的着色纤维网，所述三维的着色纤维网可具有各种期望的结构特征和诸如期望的柔软手感和审美上悦人的视觉外观之类的特性。可利用多种方法来形成本发明的着色纤维网，如下所述。
在一个实施方案中，通过本文所述的方法制成的纤维网可包括类似于美国专利7,402,723和7,521,588所详述的延伸元件的延伸元件。
本发明的着色的材料纤维网通常将包括离散的延伸元件，所述延伸元件包括开口近端和开口远端或闭合远端。离散的延伸元件可在离散的延伸元件的远端和/或沿离散的延伸元件的侧壁表现出变薄。就多层的前体纤维网而言，着色的材料纤维网在所述远端和/或沿离散的延伸元件的侧壁的变薄使得在已变薄的纤维网的区域中纤维网的底层的颜色能够透过顶层更易被看见，并且顶层的颜色能够透过底层更易被看见。就在前体纤维网的至少一个表面上包含着色剂的单层的前体纤维网而言，着色的材料纤维网在所述远端和/或沿离散的延伸元件的侧壁的变薄使得设置在前体纤维网的表面上的着色剂也能够变薄或破碎，使得前体纤维网的单层的颜色在其中着色剂被变薄或破碎的纤维网区域中变得更易被看见。这可提供着色纤维网的视觉审美特征的对比度，所述对比度突显出由离散的延伸元件在着色纤维网中所形成的特定图案，并且可产生审美上悦人的材料纤维网。
多层的材料纤维网(包括由具有不同折射率的聚合物制成的各层)的离散的延伸元件的变薄可在变薄区域中改变每个层的折射特性，这会改变纤维网的视觉印象并且可用来突显出由离散的延伸元件所产生的图案。此外，由于此类多层的材料纤维网的随角度而定的性质，所述三维的外形还产生延伸元件的不同的表观颜色。因此，即使在所述远端和/或沿延伸元件的侧壁不存在变薄，由延伸元件所引起的三维的外形也可导致表观颜色发生变化的视觉效应。
在多层的纤维网的某些实施方案中，下面的层(例如底层)不延伸穿过上覆层(例如顶层)。在该方面，上覆层/顶层不被破坏或破裂，因而保持连续，尤其是在其中离散的延伸元件的远端为闭合的实施方案中更是如此。
图1为三维着色纤维网18的一个实施方案的局部视图。所述三维着色纤维网18从前体纤维网生产出，所述前体纤维网可为单层的材料纤维网或多层的共挤出的或层压材料纤维网，如下文所述。如图1所示，前体纤维网是包括第一层20和第二层22的两层层压薄膜。所述多层的材料纤维网的一个或两个层均可包括着色剂。多层的薄膜材料可为共挤出的，如本领域已知的用于制造层压薄膜的材料，包括具有表皮层的薄膜。
图1还示出了着色纤维网18包括多个离散的延伸元件24。离散的延伸元件24被成形为纤维网的突起延伸部，一般位于其第一表面上。取决于用以形成着色纤维网的成形结构的情况，离散的延伸元件可从纤维网的两个表面上伸出。着色纤维网18上的离散的延伸元件24的数目、尺寸和分配情况可基于所期望的柔软触感、声音效应和视觉效应来预定。对于诸如一次性吸收制品或包装中的顶片、底片或防粘纸包裹物之类的应用，可期望离散的延伸元件24仅从着色纤维网18的一个表面突出。因此，当着色纤维网18用作一次性吸收制品中的顶片时，着色纤维网18可取向成使得离散的延伸元件24为被皮肤接触的以便产生优异的柔软印象。此外，具有包括闭合远端26的离散的延伸元件24还可导致回渗减小，即，减少在首次穿过了顶片的孔达到下面的吸收层之后被再引入到顶片的表面中的流体的量(注意孔诸如宏观孔未示出于本文的各图中)。
图2为本发明的着色纤维网18的一个实施方案的一部分的剖面图。如图2所示，离散的延伸元件24可被描述为从着色纤维网18的第一表面28突出。同样，离散的延伸元件24可被描述成与前体纤维网30成一整体，并通过前体纤维网30的永久局部塑性变形而形成。离散的延伸元件24可被描述成具有限定敞开的近侧部分34和闭合或开口远端26的侧壁32。离散的延伸元件24各具有从相邻的延伸元件之间的最小振幅Amin至在闭合或敞开的远端26处的最大振幅Amax测得的高度h。离散的延伸元件具有直径d，对于大致圆柱形结构而言，其为在横向截面处的外直径。“横向”是指大致平行于第一表面28的平面。就具有非均匀横向截面的大致柱状离散的延伸元件、和/或非圆柱形结构的离散的延伸元件而言，直径d被测量为离散的延伸元件的1/2高度h处的平均横向截面尺寸，如图2所示。因此，对于每个离散的延伸元件24，可确定被定义为h/d的纵横比。离散的延伸元件24可具有至少约0.2，至少约0.3，至少约0.5，至少约0.75，至少约1，至少约1.5，或至少约2的纵横比h/d。离散的延伸元件24通常将具有至少约30微米，至少约50微米，至少约65微米，至少约80微米，至少约100微米，至少约120微米，至少约150微米，或至少约200微米的高度h。离散的延伸元件24通常将具有约50微米至约5,000微米，约50微米至约3,000微米，约50微米至约500微米，约65微米至约65微米至约300微米，或约75微米至约200微米的直径d。在一个实施方案中，成形结构10的离散的突起元件15将具有小于约500微米的直径。
就具有大致非柱状或不规则形状的离散的延伸元件而言，离散的延伸元件的直径可被限定为两倍的离散的延伸元件在1/2高度处的回转半径。
就具有形状诸如脊的离散的延伸元件而言，所述脊在整个材料纤维网上纵向地延伸使得延伸元件具有开口的延伸元件的侧壁的一部分，离散的延伸元件的直径可被限定为延伸元件在1/2高度处的两个相对侧壁之间的平均最小宽度。图3示出了着色纤维网，其包括呈脊形状的离散的延伸元件，所述离散的延伸元件具有在1/2高度h处测量的直径。
一般来讲，由于任何单个离散的延伸元件24的实际高度h可能难以确定，并且由于实际高度可有变化，因此多个离散的延伸元件的平均高度havg可通过确定着色纤维网18的预定区域上的平均最小振幅Amin和平均最大振幅Amax来确定。此类平均高度hpavg通常将落在上述高度范围内。类似地，对于变横截面尺寸，可确定多个离散的延伸元件24的平均直径davg。此类平均直径davg通常将落在上述直径范围内。此类振幅和其他尺寸的测量可通过本领域已知的任何方法，诸如通过计算机辅助扫描显微术和数据处理来进行。因此，着色纤维网18的预定部分上的离散的延伸元件24的平均纵横比ARavg可被表示为havg//davg。
在某些实施方案中，可改变离散的延伸元件的高度以产生不同的颜色或色调，如下文所述。例如，离散的延伸元件可具有与相邻延伸元件相比逐渐增加或减小的高度，这可产生平滑的颜色梯度。作为另外一种选择，相邻延伸元件或延伸元件的相邻区域可在高度上具有更剧烈的变化，这可产生更剧烈的色差外观。
在一个实施方案中，离散的延伸元件24的直径为恒定的或随着振幅的增加而减小(振幅在闭合远端或开口远端26处增加至最大值)。如图2所示，例如，离散的延伸元件24的直径或平均横向截面尺寸可在近侧部分34处最大，并且横向截面尺寸稳固地减小至远端26。
在一个实施方案中，离散的延伸元件可为离散的蘑菇形表面畸变诸如US 4,846,821所述的那些。
如图2所示，前体纤维网30的减薄可由于所要求的形成高纵横比离散的延伸元件24的较深冲压拉伸而发生。例如，在闭合远端或开口远端26处和/或沿着侧壁32可观察到变薄。所谓“观察到”是指当在放大的横截面上观察时减薄是明显的。
从柔软性观点来讲，此类变薄可为有益的，因为当触摸时变薄部分对压缩或剪切提供极小的阻力。例如，当一个人在表现出离散的延展元件24的侧面上接触着色纤维网18时，人的指尖首先接触离散的延展元件24的闭合远端或开口远端26。由于离散的延伸元件24的高纵横比、和前体纤维网30在或靠近远端26处的壁的变薄，离散的延伸元件24会对由人的手指施加在着色纤维网上的压缩或剪切提供极小的阻力。这种阻力的缺乏涉及柔软感，非常类似于丝绒织物的触感。
从视觉印象的观点来讲，此类变薄也可以是有益的，因为变薄区域可提供明显不同于未变薄区域的视觉印象。例如，如果本发明的前体纤维网为两层的纤维网，其中顶层和底层各自保护不同的着色剂并因此表现出不同的颜色，则变薄允许当观察着色纤维网的顶部表面时底层的颜色变得更易被看见。例如，如果底层为白色或黑色的，则这可分别亮化或暗化离散的延伸元件。作为另外一种选择，可产生一种新的不同颜色的延伸元件，例如，取决于不同区域中的变薄程度，包括蓝色顶层加上黄色底层的双层的前体薄膜可产生绿色延伸元件，或产生颜色的组合。在变薄区域中，颜色变化在延伸元件的内侧和外侧上均会发生。如果前体纤维网为在交替层中具有不同折射率的多层的纤维网例如虹彩薄膜，则变薄可导致蓝移，或也许甚至会使着色前体纤维网变成具有无色延伸元件的纤维网。这在提供独特视觉效应方面可为重要的，这样可突显出由着色纤维网的离散的延伸元件所产生的图案。
前体纤维网在闭合远端或开口远端26处和/或沿侧壁32的变薄可相对于前体纤维网的厚度或相对于完全围绕着色纤维网的离散的延伸元件的着陆区域的厚度进行测量。前体纤维网通常将相对于前体纤维网的厚度表现出至少约25％，至少约50％，或至少约75％的减薄。前体纤维网通常将相对于围绕着色纤维网的离散的延伸元件的着陆区域的厚度表现出至少约25％，至少约50％，或至少约75％的变薄。
应当指出的是，仅具有如本文所公开的离散的延伸元件且不具有宏观孔或包括开口远端的离散的延伸元件的流体不可渗透的纤维网可为其中不要求流体渗透性的任何应用提供柔软性。开口远端也可为所期望的，例如，在要求通气或要求透过空气或液体的应用诸如通气包装应用中就是如此。因此，在本发明的一个实施方案中，本发明可被描述为着色纤维网，所述着色纤维网在其至少一个表面上表现出柔软且丝般触觉印象，着色纤维网的丝感表面表现出离散的延伸元件的图案，每一离散的延伸元件均为纤维网表面的突起延伸部并且具有限定开口近侧部分和闭合远端或开口远端的侧壁，离散的延伸元件在或靠近开口近侧部分具有最大横向截面尺寸。
本发明的着色纤维网也可表现出改善的声音效应。例如，当被抓持或手动操纵时，着色纤维网与前体纤维网相比产生较小的声音。
可最优化离散的延伸元件的“面密度”，所述面密度为第一表面的每单位面积上的离散的延伸元件的数目，并且着色纤维网每平方厘米通常将包括约4至约10,000，约95至约10,000，约240至约10,000，约350至约10,000，约500至约5,000，或约700至约3,000个离散的延伸元件。关于确定给定区域中的离散的延伸元件的数目，如果样本区域仅包括特定离散的延伸元件的一部分，则将该特定离散的延伸元件包括在所述给定区域内的离散的延伸元件的计数中。
一般来讲，可最优化中心至中心间距以便产生足够的触觉印象，从而最小化流体保留(如果需要)或夹带物质(如果需要)。相邻离散的延伸元件之间的中心至中心间距可为约100微米至约5,000微米，约100微米至约1,020微米，约100微米至约640微米，约150微米至约500微米，或约180微米至约430微米。
图4为本发明的着色纤维网18的一个实施方案的顶视图的显微照片，所述着色纤维网包括被着陆区域36完全围绕的多个离散的延伸元件24。
图5为本发明的着色纤维网的一个实施方案的剖面图的显微照片，其包括着色纤维网的离散的延伸元件的剖面图。
图6示出了本发明的包括多个离散的延伸元件24的着色纤维网18的一个实施方案，其中离散的延伸元件24具有开口远端26和开口近侧部分34。
着色的或半透明的纤维网还可包括更大的孔，所述更大的孔允许例如流体流过着色的或半透明的纤维网。此类更大的孔的尺寸可在约0.5平方mm至约5平方mm范围内。合适的宏观孔的实例详述于US 2008/0138574A1和US 7,521,588的第7列第11-47行以及图6中。
前体纤维网
本发明的包括多个离散的延伸元件的着色的材料纤维网可由多种前体材料纤维网制成。将前体纤维网转换加工成包括多个延伸元件的着色纤维网，优选地利用如下文所述的方法来进行加工。合适的前体纤维网包含如下材料，所述材料可被顶靠前体纤维网和成形结构所施加的压力所变形，使得前体纤维网能够适形于(发生破裂或不发生破裂)成形结构的外形以生产出本发明的着色纤维网。
本发明的前体纤维网通常包括合成材料、金属材料、生物材料(具体地讲，动物衍生材料)、或它们的组合。前体纤维网可任选地包括纤维素材料。在一个实施方案中，前体纤维网不含纤维素材料。适用前体纤维网的非限制性实例包括聚合物薄膜、箔例如金属箔(例如，铝、黄铜、铜等)、包括供应充足的聚合物的纤维网、泡沫、包括纤维的(例如，
Figure BDA0000090649500000101
)的纤维质非织造纤维网、胶原薄膜、脱乙酰壳多糖薄膜、人造丝、玻璃纸等。合适的前体纤维网还包括这些材料的层压体或共混物。
如果所述前体为纤维网，则所述纤维网通常将具有高密度使得其行为类似于薄膜材料。这种高密度纤维网的一个实例为
Figure BDA0000090649500000102
在一个实施方案中，前体纤维网为聚合物薄膜。合适的聚合物薄膜包括热塑性薄膜诸如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、尼龙、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)(例如，特氟隆)、或它们的组合。合适的聚合物薄膜可包括聚合物的共混物或混合物。
在某些实施方案中，前体纤维网可为纤维网，所述纤维网包括供应充足的聚合物诸如聚交酯、聚乙交酯、聚羟基链烷酸酯、多糖、聚己酸内酯等、或它们的混合物。
在加工成本发明的着色的材料纤维网之前，前体纤维网的厚度通常将在约5微米至约150微米，约8微米至约100微米，或约10微米至约80微米的范围内。
任选地，在加工成本发明的着色纤维网之前，可对前体纤维网进行增塑以减小模量和/或使其脆性减小。
在一个实施方案中，前体纤维网是应变硬化的。可期望前体纤维网的应变硬化特性有利于前体纤维网在本发明的方法中适形于成形结构的离散的突起元件。这对于生产着色纤维网来讲可为优选的，其中着色纤维网的延伸元件的闭合远端是所期望的。
前体纤维网可为任何材料诸如聚合物薄膜，所述材料具有足够的材料特性从而通过本发明的压花方法成形为本文所述的着色纤维网。前体纤维网通常将具有屈服点，并且前体纤维网优选地被本发明的方法拉伸超过其屈服点以形成着色纤维网。即，前体纤维网应当具有足够的屈服特性使得前体纤维网可被无破裂地应变至某种程度以生产出所期望的具有闭合远端的离散的延伸元件，或在包括具有开口远端的离散的延伸元件的着色纤维网的情形中，产生破裂以形成开口远端。如下所述，工艺条件诸如温度和应变速率可因给定的聚合物而有变化以允许其有破裂或无破裂地拉伸，从而形成本发明的包括所期望的离散的延伸元件的着色纤维网。因此，在一些实施方案中，已发现优选的要用作用于生产本发明的纤维网的前体纤维网的起始材料表现出低屈服和高伸长特性。此外，如前所述，前体纤维网优选地应变硬化。适于用作本发明的方法中的前体纤维网的薄膜的实例包括包含如下物质的薄膜：低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)，线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、聚丙烯、以及线性低密度聚乙烯和低密度聚乙烯的共混物(LLDPE/LDPE)。
前体纤维网也必须为足够可变形的并具有足够的用作本发明的前体纤维网的延展性。如本文所用，术语“可变形的”描述如下的材料，当被拉伸超过其弹性限度时，所述材料将大体上保持其新形成的构象，并且在或靠近所得着色纤维网的离散的延伸元件的远端表现出变薄。
一种被发现适于用作本发明的前体纤维网的材料为得自The DowChemical Company(Midland，MI，USA)的DOWLEX 2045A聚乙烯树脂。具有20微米厚度的这种材料的薄膜可具有至少12MPa的拉伸屈服强度；至少53MPa的极限拉伸强度；至少635％的极限伸长率；和至少210MPa的拉伸模量(2％正割)(以上测量值每个均根据ASTM D 882确定)。其他合适的前体纤维网包括得自RKW US的约25微米(1.0mil)厚且具有约24克/平方米(“gsm”)的基重的聚乙烯薄膜以及得自RKW US的具有约14gsm的基重和约15微米厚度的聚乙烯/聚丙烯薄膜。
前体纤维网可为两个或更多个纤维网的层压体，并且可为共挤出的层压体。例如，前体纤维网可包括两个层，并且前体纤维网可包括三个层，其中最内层被称为芯层，并且所述两个最外层被称为表皮层。在一个实施方案中，前体纤维网包括三层的共挤出的层压体，所述层压体具有约25微米(0.001in.)的总体厚度，其中芯层具有约18微米(0.0007in.)的厚度；并且每个表皮层均具有约3.5微米(0.00015in.)的厚度。前体纤维网的厚度可为约15微米，20微米，25微米，30微米，35微米，40微米，45微米，或60微米。在一个实施方案中，这些层可包括具有不同应力/应变和/或弹性特性的聚合物。
前体纤维网可使用在常规共挤出薄膜制造设备上生产多层的薄膜的常规规程来制造。如果需要包括共混物的层，可首先干共混上述各组分的粒料，然后在喂入该层的挤出机中进行熔融混合。作为另外一种选择，如果在挤出机中发生了不充分混合，则可首先干燥共混所述粒料，然后在预配混挤出机中进行熔融混合，随后在薄膜挤出之前重新制粒。用于制造前体纤维网的合适的方法公开于美国专利5,520,875和美国专利6,228,462中。
一般来讲，在着色纤维网上形成高面密度(或低平均中心至中心间距或低平均边至边间距)的离散的延伸元件的能力会受到前体纤维网的厚度的限制。例如，在一个实施方案中，据信成形结构的两个相邻离散的突起元件的边至边间距应当大于约两倍的前体纤维网的厚度以允许在成形结构的相邻离散的突起元件之间形成足够且完全的三维着色纤维网。此外，在一个实施方案中，成形结构的所述多个离散的突出元件的平均高度与前体纤维网的厚度的比率通常将为至少约2∶1，至少约3∶1，至少约4∶1，或至少约5∶1。类似地，如果使用具有凹陷或孔的成形结构来制造本发明的着色纤维网，则孔直径必须超过两倍的前体纤维网的厚度以允许其适形到凹陷或孔中从而形成三维着色纤维网。
在某些实施方案中，前体纤维网还可任选地包括表面活性剂。如果利用的话，优选的表面活性剂包括来自非离子族的那些例如：醇乙氧基化物、烷基酚乙氧基化物、羧酸酯、甘油酯、脂肪酸的聚氧乙烯酯、与松香酸相关的脂族羧酸的聚氧乙烯酯、脱水山梨醇酯、乙氧基化脱水山梨醇酯、乙氧基化天然脂肪、油、和蜡、脂肪酸的乙二醇酯、羧基氨化物、二乙醇胺缩合物、和聚环氧烷嵌段共聚物。所选择的用于本发明的表面活性剂的分子量可在约200克/摩尔至约10,000克/摩尔的范围内。优选的表面活性剂具有约300至约1,000克/摩尔的分子量。
如果要利用的话，则初始时共混到前体纤维网中的表面活性剂的含量可多达按总前体纤维网的重量计10％。在所述优选的分子量范围(300-1,000克/摩尔)内的表面活性剂可按较低的含量，一般为或低于总前体纤维网的约5％重量的含量加入。
可任选地在前体纤维网的一个或多个层中加入其他添加剂诸如粒状皮肤护理剂或保护剂、或气味吸收活性物质例如沸石。在一些实施方案中，当用于接触皮肤的应用中时，包含颗粒物质的着色纤维网可允许活性物质以非常直接和高效的方式接触皮肤。具体地讲，在一些实施方案中，离散的延伸元件的形成可在或靠近它们的远端暴露颗粒物质。因此，活性物质诸如皮肤护理剂可局限在或靠近离散的延伸元件的远端以允许当着色纤维网用于接触皮肤的应用时皮肤直接接触到此类皮肤护理剂。
虹彩薄膜也可为适用于本发明的着色的材料纤维网的前体纤维网。虹彩薄膜通常为多层的薄膜，它们包括第一层和第二层，所述第一层包含具有第一折射率的第一聚合物，并且第二层包含具有第二折射率的第二聚合物。每个层中的不同聚合物的不同的折射率产生虹彩效应。一些虹彩薄膜包括一百个以上的层，每个层在厚度上仅为纳米级的。此类虹彩薄膜详述于US3,711,176和US 5,451,449中。合适的可商购获得的虹彩薄膜以商品名
Figure BDA0000090649500000131
Special Effect Films商购得自BASF。
用作用来生产本发明的着色纤维网的前体纤维网的虹彩薄膜具有独特特性，所述独特特性可提供尤其有趣的视觉效应。虹彩薄膜的每个层中的每种聚合物的折射特性以及每个层的厚度将决定由虹彩薄膜所反射的光的波长，因此所述薄膜表现出变化的颜色。在加工虹彩薄膜以形成本发明的着色纤维网时，由于三维的外形和/或薄膜在所述远端和/或沿本发明的着色纤维网的延伸元件的侧壁的变薄，着色纤维网的延伸元件将趋于表现出不同的颜色和/或视觉效应。
在一个实施方案中，虹彩薄膜可包括空气层(例如前体材料纤维网内的空隙空间)。此类材料纤维网可模拟天然地在蝶翅中发现的结构，其中翅结构内的空气层提供折射特性差别，所述差别足以向材料纤维网赋予虹彩外观。
由于虹彩薄膜的颜色是随角度而定的，因此延伸元件的三维外形甚至在薄膜层的变薄极小(例如小于约25％)的情况下也呈现出不同于前体纤维网和离散的延伸元件周围的着陆区域的可见颜色。
如所述的那样，虹彩前体纤维网的视觉外观可通过向纤维网所赋予的变薄程度来操纵，诸如当形成本发明的着色纤维网的延伸元件时。当虹彩薄膜包括具有厚度和折射特性使得反射光的路径长度落在约370nm至约770nm范围(即可见光范围)内的一些层时，所述薄膜将表现出可感知的颜色。将会被增强的反射颜色将具有至多约两倍的层厚度的波长。穿过纤维网的光的路径长度将随视角而定。如果从正上方观察(即90度)，则路径长度将为最短并且将为约两倍的层厚度。如果以小于90度的角度进行观察，则路径长度将较长。因此，有可能通过改变纤维网的给定区域的厚度来操纵纤维网的给定区域内的可感知的颜色。本发明的着色纤维网的变薄的延伸元件的形成在延伸元件的区域中赋予可感知的颜色变化。所述变化的程度可取决于纤维网的变薄程度而定。
图7A和7B示出了一种特定虹彩薄膜纤维网即Aurora Special EffectFilm IF 4781Red Green 56上的变薄效应。所述未拉伸的虹彩薄膜纤维网在深色背景下表现出绿颜色并且在浅色背景下表现出红颜色。图7A的虹彩薄膜纤维网被示出处于暗着色背景下的未拉伸状态。然后通过如下方式拉伸图7A的薄膜纤维网：在张力检验器中以2mm/s的速度拉伸25.4mm宽、25.4mm长的样本。如图7B所示，拉伸过的虹彩薄膜纤维网表现出未变薄的第一区域、略微变薄的第二区域、和更加变薄的第三区域。第一区域具有与图7A的未拉伸薄膜相同的颜色。第二区域被变薄成足以导致可见反射光相对于未拉伸薄膜发生蓝移。第三区域被变薄得更多使得其在足够地拉伸过的区域中是无色的。这是由于虹彩薄膜纤维网被变薄成使得所述反射光超出了可见光范围。即，层厚度小于最短可见光波长的一半。
厚度差别进一步由图8A(未拉伸区域表现出绿颜色)和图8B(拉伸区域表现出无色外观)所示的剖视显微照片图像示出。图8A为图7A所示薄膜的未拉伸着色区域的剖视显微照片图像，所述区域具有约150纳米厚的单个层。图8B为图7B的拉伸过的无色第三区域REF的剖视显微照片图像，所述区域具有约80纳米厚的单个层。
在另一个实施方案中，虹彩前体纤维网可具有未拉伸层厚度，所述厚度超过两倍的最长可见光波长。在该情况下，薄膜纤维网初始时是无色的。可拉伸这种薄膜纤维网以将各层变薄至对可见光波长产生虹彩的厚度，诸如当形成本发明的着色纤维网的延伸元件时。然后薄膜纤维网将仅在变薄区域中变成着色的。
在虹彩前体纤维网的一个实施方案中，前体纤维网包括由聚乙烯制成的外层。这可提供本发明的着色纤维网，与不具有聚乙烯外层的虹彩前体纤维网相比。所述着色纤维网可趋于表现出更柔软的手感且声音更小。
前体纤维网也可任选地包含填料、增塑剂等。
着色剂
如本文所用，术语“着色剂”一般是指用来向材料赋予颜色的颜料、色淀、调色剂、染料或其他试剂。
本发明的着色的材料纤维网包括着色剂，所述着色剂掺入到材料纤维网自身中(例如共挤出)或涂覆到材料纤维网的至少一个表面上。
本文合适的颜料包括无机颜料、珠光颜料、干涉颜料等。合适的颜料的非限制性实例包括滑石、云母、碳酸镁、碳酸钙、硅酸镁类、硅酸铝镁盐、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、氧化锌、红氧化铁、黄氧化铁、黑氧化铁、炭黑、群青颜料、聚乙烯粉末，甲基丙烯酸酯粉末，聚苯乙烯粉末，丝粉、结晶纤维素、淀粉、钛酸云母、氧化铁钛酸云母、氯氧化铋等。
干涉颜料通常为包括两个或更多个层的颗粒，所述层各具有包括不同折射率的受控厚度。所述干涉颜料可产生特征性反射色，所述特征性反射色由通常两种，但有时多种光反射的干涉作用而产生，所述光反射来自可为薄板状颗粒的不同层。适用于本发明的干涉颜料的非限制性实例包括基质颗粒，所述颗粒由天然或合成云母、硼硅酸盐玻璃、二氧化硅或它们的混合物构成，覆以TiO2、二氧化硅、氧化锡、氧化铁、或它们的混合物的薄膜，其中所述层的厚度通常为约50nm至约300nm。在一个实施方案中，当以大量粉末的形式进行宏观观察时，所述干涉颜料为大体上无色的，并且所述薄膜层为TiO2。
合适的干涉颜料可商购得自多个供应商，例如，Rona(TimironTM)、Sensient(CovapearlTM)、Englehard(FlamencoTM)、Kobo(KTZ IntervalTM和InterfineTM)和Eckart(PrestigeTM)。在一个实施方案中，干涉颜料在最长方向上具有的单个颗粒的平均直径为约5微米至约150微米，或者约5微米至约25微米，或者约10至约20微米。
某些可用于本文的着色剂包括但不限于D&C黄7号、D&C红36号、FD&C红3号、FD&C红4号、D&C橙4号、D&C红6号、D&C红34号、FD&C黄6号、D&C红33号、FD&C黄5号、D&C褐1号、D&C红17号、FD&C绿3号、D&C蓝4号、D&C黄8号、D&C橙5号、D&C红22号、D&C红21号、D&C红28号、D&C橙11号、D&C黄10号、D&C紫2号、Ext.D&C紫2号、D&C绿6号、D&C绿5号、D&C红30号、D&C绿8号、D&C红7号、FD&C蓝1号、D&C黄7号、D&C红27号、D&C橙10号、D&C红31号、FD&C红40号、D&C黄11号、Aimatto提取物、π胡萝卜素、鸟嘌呤、胭脂红、铝粉末、群青、氯氧化铋(诸如以商品名MearliteTM商购得自BASF的那些)、氧化铬绿色、氢氧化铬绿色、氧化铁、亚铁氰化铁、锰紫、二氧化钛、氧化锌、焦糖着色、云母、氰亚铁酸铵铁、二羟基丙酮、愈创烯、叶蜡石、青铜粉、铜粉、硬脂酸铝、硬脂酸钙、核黄素、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸锌、辣椒红素/辣椒玉红素、膨润土、硫酸钡、碳酸钙、硫酸钙、炭黑、碳酸镁、着色二氧化硅、褐色染料、黄褐色染料、赭色染料等。其他合适的着色剂包括金属油墨，诸如被称为漂浮型金属片油墨和非漂浮型金属片油墨的那些。
色淀为用固体稀释剂延展或还原的颜料或为通过将水溶性染料沉淀在通常为氢氧化铝的吸收性表面上而制备成的有机颜料。在某些情况下，不能够确定可溶染料是否沉淀在了氢氧化铝的表面上而生成了染色的无机颜料，或是否其只是在存在基底时发生了沉淀。色淀也通过沉淀不溶解盐由酸性染料或碱性染料来形成。本文也使用钙色淀和钡色淀。
取决于所期望的视觉效应，在选择着色剂以便施用到本发明的前体纤维网的表面上时，可利用柔性油墨或非柔性油墨。非柔性油墨将趋于在形成本发明的着色纤维网时在延伸元件区域中断裂开。这将趋于导致所施用的着色剂下面的纤维网的颜色在延伸元件区域中突显出来。在某些应用中，该效应可为所期望的。下文所述的实施例7示出了该效应。
在其他不期望具有该效应的应用中，可利用如下的柔性油墨，所述柔性油墨在形成本发明的着色纤维网时可在延伸元件区域中变薄但不会断裂开。柔性油墨包括可商购获自Sun Chemical(5020Spring Grove Avenue，Cincinnati，Ohio 45232)的那些。
在一个实施方案中，本发明的多层的纤维网中的一个层将具有黑颜色。黑色着色层通常与具有不同颜色的另一个层相组合。黑色着色层可用作背景以突显出被赋予根据本发明的前体纤维网的三维图案，尤其是由于本发明的材料纤维网的延伸元件在或靠近延伸元件的远端(延伸元件的远端可为闭合的或开口的)表现出壁变薄。为了提供黑色着色层，所述层通常将包含选自由下列组成的组的颜料：氧化铁、炭黑等、以及它们的混合物。在一个实施方案中，所述多层的纤维网的某个层包含炭黑。黑色着色层中的颜料的含量可为按黑色着色层的重量计约0.5％至约50％，约1％至约30％，或约2％至约20％。下文所述的实施例1和实施例2示出了该类型的多层的纤维网。
在一个实施方案中，本发明的多层的纤维网中的一个层将具有白颜色。白色着色层通常与具有不同颜色的另一个层相组合。白色着色层可用作背景以突显出被赋予根据本发明的前体纤维网的三维图案，尤其是由于本发明的材料纤维网的延伸元件在或靠近延伸元件的远端(延伸元件的远端可为闭合的或开口的)表现出壁变薄。为了提供白色着色层，所述层通常将包含选自由下列组成的组的颜料：二氧化钛、碳酸钙、滑石等。在一个实施方案中，所述多层的纤维网的某个层包含二氧化钛。白色着色层中的颜料的含量可为按白色着色层的重量计约0.5％至约20％，约1％至约10％，或约2％至约6％。下文所述的实施例3示出了该类型的多层的纤维网。也可使用在薄膜的聚合物中不混溶的其他材料来产生不透明度，诸如聚乳酸(在聚乙烯聚合物薄膜中)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明的多层的纤维网中的一个层将具有除了黑色或白色之外的颜色。这种着色层通常与着色成黑色或白色的背景层相组合。在一个实施方案中，这种着色层包含干涉颜料，当掺入到本发明的具有宏观三维图案的材料纤维网中时，所述干涉颜料可提供审美上悦人的视觉效应。在一个实施方案中，干涉颜料为通常可以多种颜色和粒度获得的云母。着色的材料纤维网的某个层中的干涉颜料的含量可为按着色的材料纤维网的所述层的重量计约1％至约50％，约2％至约25％，或约4％至约15％。干涉颜料的粒度范围可为约5微米至约120微米，约5微米至约60微米，或约5微米至约25微米。
在一个实施方案中，着色剂通过某种方法诸如凸版印刷、平版印刷、苯胺印刷、凹版印刷、丝网印刷等施用到前体纤维网的表面上。通常，着色剂将被施用到所述表面上并达到约1至约20微米的厚度。除了通过形成本发明的着色纤维网的延伸元件所提供的视觉印象以外，还可改变着色剂涂层的厚度以提供各种各样的视觉印象。
用于制造着色的材料纤维网的方法
可利用多种方法来生产本发明的包括多个离散的延伸元件的材料纤维网。一般来讲，本发明的材料纤维网通过如下方式来生产：提供前体纤维网和成形结构、将前体纤维网放置在成形结构上、并且顶靠前体纤维网和成形结构施加压力以至少部分地使前体纤维网适形于成形结构的外形从而形成本发明的着色的材料纤维网。顶靠前体纤维网所施加的压力可通过本领域已知的各种方法来产生，所述方法包括机械压花、真空成形、和液压成形。
用于本发明的方法的成形结构包括多个离散的突出元件和完全围绕着所述离散的突出元件的平面。本发明的成形结构的离散的突出元件按照比例相对于在压花方法中用在模具上的典型图案要小。成形结构的离散的突出元件也具有较高的纵横比。这种特性组合可允许本发明的方法生产出包括具有变薄远端的相对高纵横比的延伸元件的着色纤维网，甚至在不加热前体纤维网的情况下且甚至以高速运行时也是如此。
成形结构的离散的突起元件可包括多种不同的形状，诸如大致柱状的或非柱状形状，包括圆形、椭圆形、正方形、三角形、六边形、梯形、脊形、棱锥、沙漏形等、以及它们的组合。离散的突起元件可具有各种锥度并且可具有曲度。突起元件可具有尖端、圆化端、平坦端、或它们的组合。具有相组合的变化的突起元件高度、形状和/或图案的成形结构可生产出本发明的具有尤其所期望的视觉外观的纤维网。
成形结构可由任何材料制成，所述材料可被成形成包括具有必要尺寸的突起元件以制造出本发明的着色纤维网，并且在成形结构所经受的工艺温度和压力范围内是尺寸上稳定的。已发现，当成形结构的材料的模量增加时，相对高的高纵横比的突起元件形成更好的着色纤维网，只要其具有足够的断裂应变(即，脆性不太大)而不断裂即可。
在一个实施方案中，突起元件与成形结构成一整体地制成。就是说，或是通过移除材料或是通过装配材料作为一个整体结构制造成形结构。例如，具有所需的相对小尺度的突起元件的成形结构可通过以如下方式局部选择性地除去材料来制造：诸如通过化学蚀刻、机械蚀刻，或通过使用高能量源诸如放电机(EDM)或激光来消融，或通过电子束(e束)，或通过电化学加工(ECM)。在一个实施方案中，成形结构可通过如美国专利4,342,314所述的光蚀刻层压体方法来构造。
用来制造本发明的着色的材料纤维网的成形结构可呈平板、辊、带、袖套等形式。在一个实施方案中，成形结构呈辊的形式。
合适的成形结构的非限制性实例包括2009年3月13日提交的美国临时申请序列号61/159,906、美国专利7,521,588、和美国专利4,609,518中所述的那些。
用来制造本发明的着色的材料纤维网的成形结构可包括凹陷或孔。如果成形结构包括凹陷或孔，可迫使前体纤维网进入到成形结构的凹陷或孔中，使得离散的延伸元件可在前体纤维网中形成。
用来制造本发明的着色的材料纤维网的成形结构可包括离散的突起元件，并且任选地还包括凹陷或孔。如果成形结构还包括凹陷或孔，则可迫使前体纤维网进入到成形结构的凹陷或孔中，使得离散的延伸元件可在前体纤维网中形成，所述延伸元件从前体纤维网的表面伸出，所述表面与成形结构的突起元件在其处形成离散的突起元件的表面相对。因此，可产生出两面的着色纤维网，在着色纤维网的每个侧面上具有不同图案或尺寸的延伸元件。取决于顶靠成形结构和前体纤维网所产生的压力、以及突起元件和任选的成形结构的凹陷或孔的几何形状，着色纤维网的离散的延伸元件可具有闭合远端或开口远端。
用来制造本发明的纤维网的成形结构可包括呈预定阵列的离散的突出元件、和/或凹陷或孔以制成诸如US 5,158,819所述的设计或图案。某些区域可缺乏离散的突出元件、和/或凹陷或孔。离散的突起元件、和/或凹陷或孔可任选地处在各种高程，这可产生各种设计和颜色梯度，因为延伸元件将具有变化的变薄程度。
呈脊或凹槽形状的离散的突起元件可排列成各种对齐方式诸如US5,567,376所述的那些。
在一个实施方案中，突起元件可具有变化的几何形状诸如高度，所述几何形状可影响着色的材料纤维网的延伸元件的特定颜色。例如，突起元件可在数十或数百个相邻突起元件的范围内逐渐增加高度，这可导致着色的材料纤维网在对应于此类突起元件的区域中表现出颜色梯度效应。
在一个实施方案中，用于制造本发明的着色纤维网的一种合适的方法涉及提供如本文所述的成形结构、提供柔顺基底、并且在成形结构和柔顺基底之间产生压力。合适的柔顺基底详述于2009年3月13提交的美国临时申请序列号61/159,906中。所述方法还涉及在成形结构和柔顺基底之间提供如本文所述的前体纤维网。成形结构和柔顺基底之间的压力足以使前体纤维网适形于成形结构以生产出着色纤维网。取决于所产生的压力和成形结构的外形，前体纤维网对成形结构的适形可为局部适形、基本适形、或完全适形。不受理论的约束，据信开口远端可按如下方式通过本发明的方法来形成：在使前体纤维网适形于成形结构的突起元件的同时局部地破裂前体纤维网。这种方法详述于2009年3月13日提交的美国临时申请序列号61/159,906中。
其他合适的用于制造本发明的着色的材料纤维网的方法包括通常被描述为液压成形法的那些方法。液压成形法的非限制性实例详述于美国专利4,609,518和美国专利4,846,821中。可将如本文所述的成形结构和前体纤维网用于此类液压成形法以生产出本发明的着色的材料纤维网。
其他合适的用于制造本发明的着色的材料纤维网的方法还包括通常被描述为真空成形法的那些方法。真空成形法的非限制性实例详述于美国专利4,456,570和4,151,240、以及美国专利申请公布2004/0119207A1中。可将如本文所述的成形结构和前体纤维网用于此类真空成形法以生产出本发明的着色的材料纤维网。
为了永久地变形前体纤维网以形成本发明的着色纤维网，通常通过给定方法将前体纤维网拉伸超过前体纤维网的屈服点。
本发明的方法可为批量方法或连续方法。
连续方法可涉及提供前体纤维网材料辊，将所述辊退绕并在成形结构和柔顺基底之间喂入，所述成形结构和柔顺基底各自可呈辊的形式。图9示出了本发明的连续方法的一个实施方案，其中将前体纤维网30在成形结构辊8和柔顺基底辊38之间喂入。柔顺基底辊38包括刚性辊40例如钢辊，其覆盖有柔顺材料42。柔顺材料42具有约3mm的厚度。随着前体纤维网从成形结构辊8和柔顺基底辊38之间穿过，形成着色纤维网18。这种方法详述于2009年3月13日提交的美国临时申请序列号61/159,906中。
用以制造本发明的着色纤维网的方法通常涉及相对短的保压时间。如本文所用，术语“保压时间”是指压力被施加到前体纤维网的给定部分上时的时间量，通常所述时间量用于使前体纤维网的给定部分定位在成形结构上。就用以制造本发明的着色纤维网的方法而言，通常将压力施加到前体纤维网上并持续小于约5秒，小于约1秒，小于约0.01秒，小于约0.005秒，或小于约0.002秒的保压时间。例如，保压时间可为约0.5毫秒至约50毫秒。即使用此类相对短的保压时间，也可生产出本文所述的具有所期望的结构特征的着色纤维网。因此，本发明的方法使得能够高速地生产着色纤维网。
就用以制造本发明的着色纤维网的方法尤其是连续方法而言，前体纤维网可顶靠成形结构以至少约0.01米/秒，至少约1米/秒，至少约5米/秒，至少约7米/秒，或至少约10米/秒的速率来形成。其它合适的速率包括例如至少约0.01、0.05、0.1、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10米/秒。
取决于诸如成形结构上的突起的形状和所施加的压力之类的因素，通过本发明的方法生产出的着色纤维网的延伸元件的远端可为闭合的或开口的。
也可使用低应变速率方法诸如美国专利申请公布2008/0224351A1所述的低应变速率方法来生产本发明的着色纤维网，其中活化带为坚实基底或柔顺基底。
本发明的方法可任选地与其他方法相组合以进一步操纵着色纤维网。在一个实施方案中，此类附加方法可在相同方法的制造线上与本发明的方法相组合以生产出例如吸收制品。在一个实施方案中，将本发明的方法与可在着色纤维网中赋予宏观孔的方法诸如US 2006/0087053A1或US 2005/0064136A1所述的方法相组合。这种方法的组合可生产出可适于用作吸收制品中的顶片的开宏观孔的着色纤维网。这种开宏观孔的着色纤维网可通过将其与其他吸收制品组件诸如吸收芯、底片等相组合而被后续地转换加工成吸收制品，优选地在相同方法的制造线上进行转换加工。
在一个可供选择的实施方案中，柔顺基底可被替换成流体压力，诸如空气压力或水压力。由流体诸如空气或水施加在前体纤维网上的压力通常将类似于由前文所述的柔顺基底施加在前体纤维网上的那些压力。
适用于提供空气压力以使前体纤维网适形于本发明的成形结构的装置的一个实例为高压气刀。高压气刀可从例如Canadian Air Systems商购获得。利用空气压力使前体纤维网适形于成形结构的合适的装置和方法的另一个实例详述于美国专利5,972,280中。
适用于提供水压以使前体纤维网适形于本发明的成形结构的装置的一个实例为水充气室，诸如美国专利7,364,687所述的水充气室。
其他合适的方法描述于2010年3月11日提交的题目为“PROCESS FORMAKING AN EMBOSSED WEB”(P&G案号11636)的共同未决的美国专利申请序列号__/___,___、2010年3月11日提交的题目为“PROCESS FORMAKING AN EMBOSSED WEB”(P&G案号11637)的美国专利申请序列号__/__,__、和2010年3月11日提交的题目为“PROCESS FOR MAKING ANEMBOSSED WEB”(P&G案号11638)的美国专利申请序列号__/__,__中。
其他合适的方法描述于美国专利4,846,821和美国专利申请公布2004/0119207A1中。
包括多个延伸元件的着色或半透明纤维网的用途
本发明的着色或半透明纤维网可用于多种应用，包括用作吸收制品的组件材料(诸如顶片、底片或防粘纸包裹物)、包装(诸如流动包裹、收缩包装膜或塑料袋)、垃圾袋，食品包裹物、牙线、擦拭物、电子元件、壁纸、衣服、围裙、窗口覆盖物、餐具垫、书籍封面等。
实施例
以下非限制性实施例示出了本发明的多种着色的材料纤维网。
实施例1
制备了三层薄膜的前体薄膜。顶层包括呈云母基干涉颜料形式的蓝色着色剂颗粒。中层包括呈氧化铁形式的黑色着色剂。底层为不含着色剂的透明层。
着色剂：
Sensipearl#58241蓝色云母基干涉颜料(粒度范围：10-60微米)
Sensient#58040黑色氧化铁(粒度范围：0.09-0.11微米)
Sensient Colors Inc.(2515N.Jefferson Ave，St Louis，MO，63106-1903)供应这两种着色剂。
使用双螺杆挤出机将所述固体各自共混到独立母料中以生产出粒料。这些粒料在80％LLDPE和20％LDPE的聚乙烯共混物中包含25wt％的固体。根据下表，使用相同的80/20LLDPE/LDPE的共混物加上适当的母料共挤出三层的薄膜：
  Wt％载荷/层   层比率
  顶部包含云母层   29％
  Sensipearl#58241   32％
  80/20LLDPE/LDPE   68％
  中间包含氧化铁层   67％
  Sensient#58040   68％
  80/20LLDPE/LDPE   32％
  底部透明层   5％
  80/20LLDPE/LDPE   100％
所挤出的前体薄膜的总厚度为约23微米(0.9mil)。
在环境温度下使用成形结构和6.4mm(0.25″)厚的天然橡胶片(40硬度测验器)将前体薄膜压花。在1650psi的表观压力下将所述天然橡胶片顶靠成形结构按压，其中前体薄膜处在它们之间，让顶部包含云母的层面对所述橡胶片。
图10示出了所用的成形结构，其包括具有多个突出元件的区域(即图10中的较浅色的区域)和不具有突出元件的区域(即图10中的较深色的区域)，所述成形结构可用来制造实施例1的着色的材料纤维网。突出元件被布置成在不含突出元件的那些区域中产生花式设计。
图11提供了图10所示成形结构的相对尖锐的突起元件的高放大率的侧视图，其中突起元件中心至中心地间隔开约205微米并且为约215微米高。
图12为实施例1的着色纤维网的显微照片。着色薄膜材料的离散的延伸元件比不具有延伸元件的区域具有更深的蓝颜色，这是由于黑色的中层变成了透过着色薄膜的延伸元件的变薄的开口远端和闭合远端部分地可见的。
图13为实施例1的着色薄膜材料的一部分的显微照相顶视图，其中大多数离散的延伸元件具有闭合远端。
图14为实施例1的着色薄膜材料的一部分的显微照相顶视图，其中大多数离散的延伸元件具有开口远端。
实施例2
制备了两层的薄膜前体材料纤维网。顶层包括呈云母基干涉颜料形式的紫色着色剂颗粒，并且底层包括呈炭黑形式的黑色着色剂。
着色剂：
Clariant#PE02709843紫色云母基干涉颜料(5-25微米云母粒度范围)
Clariant#PL94620002炭黑(2-10微米粒度范围)
Clariant Corporation(10999Reed Hartman Hwy，Ste 201，Cincinnati，OH，45242)供应这两种呈母料形式的着色剂。载体树脂为20熔流指数的LLDPE。所述云母母料包含约40wt％的云母。
根据下表，使用LDPE和LLDPE树脂加上适当的母料共挤出了两层的
薄膜：
  Wt％载荷/层   层比率
  顶层(包含云母)   64
  Exxonmobil LD 117   54
  Dowlex 2045G LLDPE   14
  Clariant PE02709843紫色云母   32
  底层(包含炭黑)   36
  Dowlex 2045G LLDPE   15
  Exxonmobil LD 117   61
  Clariant PL9462002炭黑   24
所挤出的前体薄膜的总厚度为约25微米(1mil)。
在环境温度下使用包括多个突起元件的成形结构和柔顺材料将薄膜压花，所述柔顺材料为0.25″厚的闭孔泡沫橡胶片(得自Netherland Rubber Co.(2931Exon Ave.，Cincinnati，OH，45241)；部件号SNC-1，氯丁橡胶/EPDM基体聚合物，硬度测验器(肖氏00)30-45)。在约3,200psi的表观压力下将成形结构的突起元件挤入到薄膜的黑色底层中。
图15为用来制造实施例2的着色薄膜材料的成形结构的相对圆形尖端的突起元件的高放大率侧视图，所述突起元件中心至中心地间隔开约254微米并且为约192微米高。成形结构的突起元件被布置成在缺乏突起元件的那些区域中产生花式设计。
图16为实施例2的着色薄膜的照片，其中着色薄膜用作妇女卫生护垫的外包裹物。离散的延伸元件比没有离散的延伸元件的区域具有更深的紫颜色，这是由于黑色层变成了透过着色薄膜的延伸元件的变薄的远端部分地可见的。
实施例3
制备了两层薄膜的前体薄膜。顶层包括呈云母基干涉颜料形式的蓝色着色剂颗粒，并且底层包括呈二氧化钛形式的白色着色剂。
着色剂：
Clariant#PE52709905蓝色云母基干涉颜料(5-25微米云母粒度范围)
Ampacet 110573-B二氧化钛母料(67wt％TiO2)
Clariant Corporation(10999Reed Hartman Hwy，Ste 201，Cincinnati，OH，45242)供应呈母料形式的云母基干涉颜料。载体树脂为20熔流指数的LLDPE。所述云母基母料包含约40wt％云母基干涉颜料和约15wt％的蓝色颜料。
Ampacet Corporation(3701North Fruitridge Avenue，Terre Haute，Indiana47804)供应白色二氧化钛母料。
根据下表，使用LDPE和LLDPE树脂加上适当的着色剂混合物共挤出了两层的前体薄膜材料：
  Wt％载荷/层   层比率
  包含云母的层   60
  Exxonmobil LD 117   14
  Dowlex 2045G LLDPE   56
  Clariant PE52709905蓝色云母母料   30
  包含二氧化钛的层   40
  Dowlex 2045G LLDPE   67
  Exxonmobil LD 117   17
  Ampacet 110573-B二氧化钛母料   16
所挤出的薄膜的总厚度为约18微米(0.7mil)。
在与实施例2相同的条件下将挤出的前体薄膜压花。
图17为实施例3的着色薄膜的照片，其中薄膜用作妇女卫生护垫的外包裹物。离散的延伸元件比不具有离散的延伸元件的区域具有更淡的蓝颜色，这是由于白色层变成了透过着色薄膜的离散的延伸元件的变薄远端部分地可见的。
实施例4
将获自BASF Corporation(100Campus Drive，Florham Park，NJ，07932)的虹彩薄膜Aurora Special Effect Film、Aurora Film IF4781Red Green 56用作前体纤维网以制造出本发明的着色薄膜。所述厚度为约16微米。
在环境温度下使用包括多个突起元件的成形结构和柔顺材料将前体薄膜在约24.3MPa(3530psi)的表观压力下压花，所述柔性材料为6.4mm(0.25″)厚的天然橡胶片(40硬度测验器)。成形结构的突起元件为约250微米高，约105微米的直径，并且以约270mil的中心至中心间距设置成六边形阵列。
图18为实施例4的着色薄膜的一部分的顶视图的显微照片。
图19为图18的着色薄膜的一部分的侧视图的显微照片，其中离散的延伸元件的剖面图示出了前体纤维网在延伸元件的远端(约5.3微米的厚度)和沿延伸元件的侧壁(约7.3微米的厚度)的变薄，这与围绕离散的延伸元件的着陆区域(约15.5微米的厚度)形成对比。
实施例5
共压花了两个前体薄膜。将获自Engelhard Corporation(101South WoodAvenue，Iselin，NJ，08830)的虹彩薄膜Aurora Special Effect Film FluoridescentTMGroovey Green FG 8601RG-56用作所述前体薄膜中的一个。
另一个前体薄膜以与实施例1中所述的前体薄膜相同的方式来制备，不同的是使用Sensipearl#58201绿色云母基干涉颜料(粒度范围为10-60微米)来替代Sensipearl#58241蓝色云母基干涉颜料。
在环境温度下使用与实施例2中所述的成形结构相同的成形结构将前体薄膜共压花以制造出本发明的着色薄膜。将前体薄膜布置成使虹彩薄膜处在包含云母的膜上面，其中炭黑侧朝上并且绿色侧背离虹彩薄膜朝下。在2200psi的表观压力下将成形结构的突起元件向上挤入到下部包含云母的薄膜的绿色侧中，用柔顺材料进行压花，所述柔性材料为6.4mm(0.25″)厚的天然橡胶片(40硬度测验器)。
图20为实施例5的着色薄膜的虹彩薄膜侧的照片。图21为图20所示着色薄膜的放大照片，其示出了没有延伸元件的区域(例如较深色的区域)和具有延伸元件的区域(例如较浅色的区域)。
图22为实施例5的着色薄膜的一部分的显微照相顶视图。
图23为实施例5的着色薄膜的一部分的显微照相侧视图。该侧视图示出了位于包含云母的薄膜上的虹彩薄膜，其中延伸元件为套叠的。
实施例6
实施例6中所用的前体薄膜为单个
Figure BDA0000090649500000261
妇女卫生护垫的外包裹物。前体薄膜为白色的，这是由于在挤出期间包括了二氧化钛。前体薄膜具有施加到一个侧面上的蓝绿油墨以产生产品外包裹物的图形。
在环境温度下使用包括多个突出元件的成形结构和柔顺材料将前体薄膜在22.8MPa(3300psi)的表观压力下压花，所述柔顺材料为6.4mm(0.25″)厚的天然橡胶片(40硬度计)。突出元件为约270微米高，并且以约250微米(约10mil)的中心至中心间距形成六边形阵列。
图24为实施例6的压花着色薄膜的照片。离散的延伸元件为约140微米高，并且比着陆区域具有更浅的蓝颜色，这是由于白色层变成了透过着色薄膜的延伸元件的变薄远端部分地可见的。
实施例7
实施例7中所用的前体薄膜为单个
Figure BDA0000090649500000271
妇女卫生护垫的外包裹物。前体薄膜为白色的，这是由于在挤出期间包括了二氧化钛。前体薄膜具有施加到一个侧面上的蓝绿油墨以产生产品外包裹物的图形。
将前体薄膜与实施例6类似地进行压花，但在包括如图25所示的突出元件的成形结构上进行压花。
图25为用来制造实施例7的本发明的着色薄膜的包括多个突出元件的成形结构的照片。较浅色的区域具有突出元件，所述突出元件以约205微米的中心至中心距离间隔开并且为约215微米高。较深色的区域不含突出元件。
图26为实施例7的压花着色薄膜的照片。离散的延伸元件具有比周围的着陆区域更浅的颜色，这是由于白色层变成了透过延伸元件的变薄远端部分地可见的。图27和28为实施例7的压花着色薄膜的进一步放大的照片，其示出了着色薄膜的离散的延伸元件。
实施例8
实施例8中所用的前体薄膜为源自Eastern Europe(2006)的单个超薄长型妇女卫生护垫的外包裹物。前体薄膜为白色的，这是由于在挤出期间包括了二氧化钛。前体薄膜具有施加到一个侧面上的粉红油墨以产生产品外包裹物的图形。
将前体薄膜在包括多个突出元件的类似于实施例2中所用的成形结构的成形结构上液压成形，其间遵循美国专利7,521,588中对液压成形法的描述。成形结构中具有激光雕刻的约0.55mm直径的洞，这些洞形成正方形阵列，间隔开6.4mm。水温为约82℃(180)，水歧管压力为约3.8MPa(550psi)，并且线速度为约46m/min(150fpm)。
图29为实施例8的液压成形的着色薄膜的照片，其示出了包括多个离散的延伸元件的着色薄膜。
不应将本文所公开的量纲和值理解为对所引用精确值的严格限制。相反，除非另外指明，每个这样的量纲旨在表示所引用的值和围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如，所公开的量纲“40mm”旨在表示“约40mm”。
除非另行指出，当本文结合一个实施方案公开某个技术特征时，该特征可与其他实施方案或权利要求中所公开的任何其他特征相结合。
除非明确排除或换句话讲有所限制，本文中引用的每一个文件，包括任何交叉引用或相关专利或专利申请，均据此以引用方式全文并入本文。对任何文献的引用均不是承认其为本文公开的或受权利要求书保护的任何发明的现有技术、或承认其独立地或以与任何其它一个或多个参考文献的任何组合的方式提出、建议或公开任何此类发明。此外，如果此文献中术语的任何含义或定义与任何以引用方式并入本文的文献中相同术语的任何含义或定义相冲突，将以此文献中赋予那个术语的含义或定义为准。
Figure BDA0000090649500000281
所挤出的薄膜的总厚度为约18微米(0.7mil)。
在与实施例2相同的条件下将挤出的前体薄膜压花。
图17为实施例3的着色薄膜的照片，其中薄膜用作妇女卫生护垫的外包裹物。离散的延伸元件比不具有离散的延伸元件的区域具有更淡的蓝颜色，这是由于白色层变成了透过着色薄膜的离散的延伸元件的变薄远端部分地可见的。
实施例4
将获自BASF Corporation(100Campus Drive，Florham Park，NJ，07932)的虹彩薄膜Aurora Special Effect Film、Aurora Film IF4781Red Green 56用作前体纤维网以制造出本发明的着色薄膜。所述厚度为约16微米。
在环境温度下使用包括多个突起元件的成形结构和柔顺材料将前体薄膜在约24.3MPa(3530psi)的表观压力下压花，所述柔性材料为6.4mm(0.25″)厚的天然橡胶片(40硬度测验器)。成形结构的突起元件为约250微米高，约105微米的直径，并且以约270mil的中心至中心间距设置成六边形阵列。
图18为实施例4的着色薄膜的一部分的顶视图的显微照片。
图19为图18的着色薄膜的一部分的侧视图的显微照片，其中离散的延伸元件的剖面图示出了前体纤维网在延伸元件的远端(约5.3微米的厚度)和沿延伸元件的侧壁(约7.3微米的厚度)的变薄，这与围绕离散的延伸元件的着陆区域(约15.5微米的厚度)形成对比。
实施例5
共压花了两个前体薄膜。将获自Engelhard Corporation(101South WoodAvenue，Iselin，NJ，08830)的虹彩薄膜Aurora Special Effect Film FluoridescentTMGroovey Green FG 8601RG-56用作所述前体薄膜中的一个。
另一个前体薄膜以与实施例1中所述的前体薄膜相同的方式来制备，不同的是使用Sensipearl#58201绿色云母基干涉颜料(粒度范围为10-60微米)来替代Sensipearl#58241蓝色云母基干涉颜料。
在环境温度下使用与实施例2中所述的成形结构相同的成形结构将前体薄膜共压花以制造出本发明的着色薄膜。将前体薄膜布置成使虹彩薄膜处在包含云母的膜上面，其中炭黑侧朝上并且绿色侧背离虹彩薄膜朝下。在2200psi的表观压力下将成形结构的突起元件向上挤入到下部包含云母的薄膜的绿色侧中，用柔顺材料进行压花，所述柔性材料为6.4mm(0.25″)厚的天然橡胶片(40硬度测验器)。
图20为实施例5的着色薄膜的虹彩薄膜侧的照片。图21为图20所示着色薄膜的放大照片，其示出了没有延伸元件的区域(例如较深色的区域)和具有延伸元件的区域(例如较浅色的区域)。
图22为实施例5的着色薄膜的一部分的显微照相顶视图。
图23为实施例5的着色薄膜的一部分的显微照相侧视图。该侧视图示出了位于包含云母的薄膜上的虹彩薄膜，其中延伸元件为套叠的。
实施例6
实施例6中所用的前体薄膜为单个
Figure BDA0000090649500000301
妇女卫生护垫的外包裹物。前体薄膜为白色的，这是由于在挤出期间包括了二氧化钛。前体薄膜具有施加到一个侧面上的蓝绿油墨以产生产品外包裹物的图形。
在环境温度下使用包括多个突出元件的成形结构和柔顺材料将前体薄膜在22.8MPa(3300psi)的表观压力下压花，所述柔顺材料为6.4mm(0.25″)厚的天然橡胶片(40硬度计)。突出元件为约270微米高，并且以约250微米(约10mil)的中心至中心间距形成六边形阵列。
图24为实施例6的压花着色薄膜的照片。离散的延伸元件为约140微米高，并且比着陆区域具有更浅的蓝颜色，这是由于白色层变成了透过着色薄膜的延伸元件的变薄远端部分地可见的。
实施例7
实施例7中所用的前体薄膜为单个
Figure BDA0000090649500000302
妇女卫生护垫的外包裹物。前体薄膜为白色的，这是由于在挤出期间包括了二氧化钛。前体薄膜具有施加到一个侧面上的蓝绿油墨以产生产品外包裹物的图形。
将前体薄膜与实施例6类似地进行压花，但在包括如图25所示的突出元件的成形结构上进行压花。
图25为用来制造实施例7的本发明的着色薄膜的包括多个突出元件的成形结构的照片。较浅色的区域具有突出元件，所述突出元件以约205微米的中心至中心距离间隔开并且为约215微米高。较深色的区域不含突出元件。
图26为实施例7的压花着色薄膜的照片。离散的延伸元件具有比周围的着陆区域更浅的颜色，这是由于白色层变成了透过延伸元件的变薄远端部分地可见的。图27和28为实施例7的压花着色薄膜的进一步放大的照片，其示出了着色薄膜的离散的延伸元件。
实施例8
实施例8中所用的前体薄膜为源自Eastern Europe(2006)的单个
Figure BDA0000090649500000311
超薄长型妇女卫生护垫的外包裹物。前体薄膜为白色的，这是由于在挤出期间包括了二氧化钛。前体薄膜具有施加到一个侧面上的粉红油墨以产生产品外包裹物的图形。
将前体薄膜在包括多个突出元件的类似于实施例2中所用的成形结构的成形结构上液压成形，其间遵循美国专利7,521,588中对液压成形法的描述。成形结构中具有激光雕刻的约0.55mm直径的洞，这些洞形成正方形阵列，间隔开6.4mm。水温为约82℃(180)，水歧管压力为约3.8MPa(550psi)，并且线速度为约46m/min(150fpm)。
图29为实施例8的液压成形的着色薄膜的照片，其示出了包括多个离散的延伸元件的着色薄膜。
不应将本文所公开的量纲和值理解为对所引用精确值的严格限制。相反，除非另外指明，每个这样的量纲旨在表示所引用的值和围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如，所公开的量纲“40mm”旨在表示“约40mm”。
除非另行指出，当本文结合一个实施方案公开某个技术特征时，该特征可与其他实施方案或权利要求中所公开的任何其他特征相结合。
除非明确排除或换句话讲有所限制，本文中引用的每一个文件，包括任何交叉引用或相关专利或专利申请，均据此以引用方式全文并入本文。对任何文献的引用均不是承认其为本文公开的或受权利要求书保护的任何发明的现有技术、或承认其独立地或以与任何其它一个或多个参考文献的任何组合的方式提出、建议或公开任何此类发明。此外，如果此文献中术语的任何含义或定义与任何以引用方式并入本文的文献中相同术语的任何含义或定义相冲突，将以此文献中赋予那个术语的含义或定义为准。
尽管举例说明和描述了本发明的特定实施方案，但是对本领域的技术人员显而易见的是，在不背离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可作出许多其它的改变和变型。因此，所附权利要求旨在涵盖处于本发明范围内的所有这些改变和变型。

Claims (17)

1.一种着色的材料纤维网，所述着色的材料纤维网包括多个离散的延伸元件和在所述着色的材料纤维网的至少一个表面上的着色剂，其中所述离散的延伸元件包括开口近端、开口远端或闭合远端、和侧壁，其中所述离散的延伸元件在所述离散的延伸元件的所述远端和/或沿所述离散的延伸元件的所述侧壁包括变薄部分，并且其中
(a)所述离散的延伸元件具有小于约500微米的直径；
(b)所述离散的延伸元件具有至少约0.2的纵横比；和/或
(c)所述着色的材料纤维网每平方厘米包括至少约95个离散的延伸元件。
2.如权利要求1所述的着色的材料纤维网，其中所述离散的延伸元件的所述变薄部分表现出足够的变薄以导致所述着色的材料纤维网产生在视觉上可辨别的颜色破坏。
3.如前述任一项权利要求所述的着色的材料纤维网，其中所述着色的材料纤维网由包括热塑性薄膜的前体纤维网构成。
4.如前述任一项权利要求所述的着色的材料纤维网，其中所述离散的延伸元件的所述变薄部分位于所述离散的延伸元件的所述远端。
5.如前述任一项权利要求所述的着色的材料纤维网，其中所述离散的延伸元件的所述变薄部分沿着所述离散的延伸元件的所述侧壁。
6.如前述任一项权利要求所述的着色的材料纤维网，其中所述离散的延伸元件具有小于约500微米，优选小于约300微米的直径。
7.如前述任一项权利要求所述的着色的材料纤维网，其中所述离散的延伸元件具有至少约0.2，优选至少约0.5的纵横比。
8.如前述任一项权利要求所述的着色的材料纤维网，其中所述着色的材料纤维网每平方厘米包括至少约95个离散的延伸元件，优选地每平方厘米包括至少约500个离散的延伸元件。
9.一种多层的着色的材料纤维网，所述材料纤维网包括第一材料纤维网和第二材料纤维网，其中所述材料纤维网中的至少一个包括掺入到其中的着色剂，其中所述多层的着色的材料纤维网包括多个离散的延伸元件，所述延伸元件包括开口近端、开口远端或闭合远端、和侧壁，其中所述离散的延伸元件在所述离散的延伸元件的所述远端和/或沿所述离散的延伸元件的所述侧壁包括变薄部分，并且其中
(a)所述离散的延伸元件具有小于约500微米的直径；
(b)所述离散的延伸元件具有至少约0.2的纵横比；和/或
(c)所述多层的着色的材料纤维网每平方厘米包括至少约95个离散的延伸元件。
10.一种多层的着色的材料纤维网，所述材料纤维网包括第一材料纤维网和第二材料纤维网，其中所述第一材料纤维网不含着色剂，并且所述第二材料纤维网是不透明的，其中所述多层的着色的材料纤维网包括多个离散的延伸元件，所述延伸元件包括开口近端、开口远端或闭合远端、和侧壁，其中所述离散的延伸元件在所述离散的延伸元件的所述远端和/或沿所述离散的延伸元件的所述侧壁包括变薄部分，并且其中
(a)所述离散的延伸元件具有小于约500微米的直径；
(b)所述离散的延伸元件具有至少约0.2的纵横比；和/或
(c)所述多层的着色的材料纤维网每平方厘米包括至少约95个离散的延伸元件。
11.如权利要求9-10中任一项所述的多层的着色的材料纤维网，其中所述离散的延伸元件的所述变薄部分表现出足够的变薄以导致所述着色的材料纤维网产生在视觉上可辨别的颜色破坏。
12.如权利要求9-11中任一项所述的多层的着色的材料纤维网，其中所述多层的着色的材料纤维网由包括热塑性薄膜的多层的前体纤维网构成。
13.如权利要求9-12中任一项所述的多层的着色的材料纤维网，其中所述离散的延伸元件的所述变薄部分位于所述离散的延伸元件的所述远端。
14.如权利要求9-13中任一项所述的多层的着色的材料纤维网，其中所述离散的延伸元件的所述变薄部分沿着所述离散的延伸元件的所述侧壁。
15.如权利要求9-14中任一项所述的多层的着色的材料纤维网，其中所述离散的延伸元件具有小于约500微米，优选小于约300微米的直径。
16.如权利要求9-15中任一项所述的多层的着色的材料纤维网，其中所述离散的延伸元件具有至少约0.2，优选至少约0.5的纵横比。
17.如权利要求9-16中任一项所述的多层的着色的材料纤维网，其中所述着色的材料纤维网每平方厘米包括至少约95个离散的延伸元件，优选地每平方厘米包括至少约500个离散的延伸元件。
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