CN1022183C - 制备喹诺酮羧酸中间体的方法 - Google Patents

制备喹诺酮羧酸中间体的方法 Download PDF

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CN1022183C
CN1022183C CN89108800A CN89108800A CN1022183C CN 1022183 C CN1022183 C CN 1022183C CN 89108800 A CN89108800 A CN 89108800A CN 89108800 A CN89108800 A CN 89108800A CN 1022183 C CN1022183 C CN 1022183C
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布赖恩·托马斯·奥尼尔
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Abstract

由2-(碘,溴或氯)-3-氟-4-(氟或氯)-苯基羧酸或酯制取用于制备抗菌剂6-氟-7-取代喹诺酮羧酸的喹诺酮羧酸中间体的方法。

Description

本发明涉及用于制备6-氟-7-卤代-喹诺酮羧酸中间体的中间体,前一个中间体用于制备具有抗菌作用的6-氟-7-取代-喹诺酮羧酸,本发明还涉及所述中间体的制备方法。
一般,通过取代作用,由相应的7-卤代-6-氟喹诺酮羧酸中间体(其中,卤原子最好是氟或氯)制得具有抗菌活性的6-氟-7-取代-喹诺酮羧酸。美国专利4,563,459和4,623,650公开了制备这类7-卤代中间体的先有技术的方法。
本发明涉及制备式Ⅰ所示7-卤代-喹诺酮羧酸中间体的新方法,及其用于该方法的新中间体,式Ⅰ为:
式中R3是乙基,叔丁基,环丙基,苯基,4-氟苯基,或2,4-二氟苯基,R4是羟基,C1-4烷氧基,氨基或C1-4烷氨基,X是氟或氯。
本发明所述第一类中间体是式Ⅴ所示新化合物,式Ⅴ为:
Figure 891088008_IMG6
式中R1是氢或C1-4烷基,R2是碘,叔丁基氨基,环丙基氨基,苯基氨基,4-氟苯基氨基,或2,4-二氟苯基氨基,X是氟或氯,其条件是:当R2是碘时,R1是氢。在这类中间体中优选者是式Ⅴ中R1是氢,X是氟,R2是碘,环丙基氨基或2,4-二氟苯基的化合物。
本发明所述第二类中间体是式Ⅱ所示新化合物,式Ⅱ为:
Figure 891088008_IMG7
式中X和R3与其在式Ⅰ中的定义相同。
按照本发明,式Ⅰ化合物是由式Ⅱ化合物与式HOCH=CH-COR4化合物的碱金属盐反应而制得的,式Ⅱ为:
式中R3和X的定义如前,在式HOCH=CH-COR4中,R4与其在式Ⅰ中的定义相同。
按照本发明,式Ⅱ化合物是由式Ⅲ化合物与式R5R6C=0反应而制得的,式Ⅲ为:
Figure 891088008_IMG9
式中X和R3的定义同前,在式R5R6C=0中,R5和R6二者均为氯或三氯甲氧基,或者R5是氯,R6是C1-6烷氧基,三氯甲氧基,苯氧基,或者是由在反应条件下呈惰性的取代基取代的苯氧基,所说惰性的取代基,例如,1个,2个或3个卤素,硝基,C1-6烷基或三氟甲基。最好R5和R6均为三氯甲氧基,或两者均为氯,或者R5是氯,而R6是三氯甲氧基。
按照本发明,式Ⅲ化合物是在铜或铜化合物存在下,由式Ⅳ化合物与式R3NH2化合物反应而制得的,式Ⅳ为:
Figure 891088008_IMG10
式中X是氟或氯,Hal是碘,溴或氯,在式R3NH2中,R3是乙基,叔丁基,环丙基,苯基,4-氟苯基或2,4-二氟苯基。
由式Ⅳ化合物,经过制备式Ⅱ和Ⅲ化合物的上述中间步骤,进而制备式Ⅰ化合物的总反应也属于本发明的一部分。
式中Hal是碘的式Ⅳ化合物是新化合物。该化合物的制备方法是:在稀硫酸溶液中,于约-10℃至0℃下,于常压下,由已知化合物2-氨基-4,5-二氟苯甲酸与亚硝酸钠反应。然后,在稀硫酸中,于约-10℃至0℃下,用碘化钾溶液处理生成的重氮化合物,在缓慢升温至室温的条件下,将所得暗色浆液搅拌约12至24小时。
在催化量的铜(O)或下述铜化合物存在下,由式Ⅳ化合物制得式Ⅲ所示邻氨基苯甲酸化合物。所述铜化合物包括:氧化铜或氧化亚铜,或铜盐,例如,乙酸铜,硫酸铜,氯化铜,溴化铜,三氟甲磺酸铜(cupric    triflate),氯化亚铜,溴化亚铜,和三氟甲磺酸亚铜(cuprous    triflate)。铜催化剂的用量一般至少是5摩尔%左右,通常约是10-20摩尔%。该反应在惰性非质子偶极性溶剂中,在有机碱的存在下进行。所述溶剂包括:二甲基甲酰胺,四氢呋喃,二甲氧基乙烷,N-甲基吡咯烷酮,二甲基乙酰胺,或二甲亚砜。所述有机碱包括:在任何叔胺碱(例如,三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺)中的吡啶 或二甲氨基吡啶。有机碱的用量一般是1至2摩尔当量,常用的是1.5摩尔当量。
反应温度取决于式Ⅳ中的Hal是碘,溴还是氯。当Hal是碘时,该反应在约10至40℃下进行,并且最好是在环境温度(如:约20-25℃)下进行。当Hal是溴时,反应温度约为20-50℃。当Hal是氯时,反应温度约为50-100℃,最好是约70℃,该反应在密封容器中于1至2个左右反应压力下进行。
当式Ⅳ中的Hal是碘或氯时,至少在反应初期要隔绝空气,例如,将惰性气体(如:氮气)引入反应器,或者在密闭反应器中进行反应。
现已发现:采用约2摩尔当量的式R3NH2试剂,约1.5摩尔当量的于二甲基甲酰胺中的吡啶,和约0.2摩尔当量的铜催化剂可以达到很高的产率。
采用1当量的R3NH2,1当量铜或其盐,1.5当量的于二甲基甲酰胺中的吡啶也可进行该反应。
通过与式R5R6C=0(式中R5和R6的定义同前)试剂反应,由式Ⅲ化合物制得了式Ⅱ靛红酸酐。例如,该试剂是光气,最好是市场上可购得的,易于处理的固体状双-(三氯甲基)碳酸酯(三光气)。当上述试剂是固体时,在惰性溶剂中进行该反应。所述溶剂包括:氯代烷烃,例如,二氯甲烷,氯仿,四氯化碳或二氯乙烷,或者是芳香溶剂,例如,甲苯,苯或二甲苯。该反应的反应温度是约-10℃至15℃,反应时间约为15分钟至1.5小时,通常为半小时。当该试剂是光气时,溶剂也可以是含水酸,例如,盐酸。如果试剂是诸如氯甲酸甲酯或氯甲酸乙酯之类的液体,可以 省去溶剂,并采用过量的试剂代替之。然后在约150-200℃之间将该反应混合物加热约18至24小时。
生成式Ⅱ靛红酸酐的反应在有机碱存在下进行,该有机碱包括在任何叔胺(例如,三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺)中的吡啶或二甲氨基吡啶。
由靛红酸酐Ⅱ与至少约1当量的3-羟基丙烯酸C1-3烷基酯碱金属盐反应,可以制得式Ⅰ喹诺酮。碱金属是钠,锂或钾。在下述非质子偶极性溶剂中进行该反应,所说溶剂如二甲基甲酰胺,四氢呋喃,二甲氧基乙烷,N-甲基吡咯烷酮,或二甲基乙酰胺。该反应温度在约20-100℃,通常为50℃,该反应时间约为1-24小时,通常为1小时。该反应最好在碱金属离子螯合剂存在下进行。适宜的螯合剂实例是:N,N′-二甲基咪唑啉酮,六甲基磷酸三酰胺,N,N′-二甲基丙烯脲,三〔2-(甲氧基乙氧基)乙基〕胺。
采用惯用的水解反应,例如,由相应的式中R4是C1-4烷氧基的式Ⅰ酯与酸(如盐酸)一起加热可以制得式中R4是羟基的式Ⅰ喹诺酮。
下述实施例解释本发明。
实施例1
在装有机械搅拌器,两只滴液漏斗和温度计的1升四颈园底烧瓶中,加入20g(86.71mmol)2-氨基-4,5-二氟苯甲酸和溶于90ml水中的12.3ml浓硫酸溶液。在冰-丙酮浴中,将上述浆液冷却至0℃至-5℃,在1只滴液漏斗中装入溶于30ml水中的6.57g(95.22mmol)亚硝酸钠溶液, 并开始在反应液中慢慢加入该溶液。反应内温决不要超过0℃,5分钟后将所有的溶液加完。在第二只滴液漏斗中装入溶于45ml1N硫酸中的21.6g(128.31mmol)碘化钾溶液,然后,用10分钟时间将该溶液滴加到反应液中,反应内温保持在0℃或0℃以下。加料期间,该反应混合物释放出引起发泡的氮气。一旦加料完毕,将该深色混合物搅拌过夜,同时使温度慢慢热至室温。加入溶于165ml水中的30g亚硫酸氢钠溶液,使反应骤停,用5ml的6N盐酸将该混悬液的PH调至2.5。将生成的浆液在0℃搅拌30分钟,然后过滤。使该深色物质纯化:即,将大部分固体溶解在乙酸乙酯中,然后使之澄清,并用活性炭处理之。经过滤助剂(硅藻土)过滤后,蒸发,得到20g(82%)2-碘-4,5-二氟苯甲酸;m.p.126-127℃。
实施例2
在装有磁力搅拌棒,通氮管的35ml单颈园底烧瓶中加入45mg(0.704mmol)青酮,5ml无水二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),430μl(5.28mmol)吡啶和537μl(7.75mmol)环丙胺。然后用溶于5ml    DMF中的1g(3.52mmol)2-碘-4,5-二氟苯甲酸处理所得混悬液,并将该混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。澄清该反应混合物(为澄清溶液),然后加到PH为4.5的水(100ml)中。立即生成浆液,但是,在过滤之前再次用6N盐酸将混合物调至PH4.5,并冷却至0℃。滤出白色固体,得到0.720g(95%)2-N-环丙氨基-4,5-二氟苯甲酸;m.p.175-176℃。
实施例3
在装有磁力搅拌棒和特氟隆隔膜帽的10ml可密封压力反应烧瓶中加入溶于8.0ml    N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中的1.0g(5.19mmol)2-氯-4,5-二氟苯甲酸,792μl(11.43mmol)环丙胺,800mg(4.15mmol)碘化铜(I)及630μl(7.79mmol)吡啶的溶液。将该烧瓶密封,并加热至70℃搅拌16小时。使该反应混合物冷却至室温,然后将它加到100ml水中。用氢氧化钠溶液将该混悬液调至PH13,并在室温下搅拌15分钟。将该混悬液过滤,用浓盐酸将滤液调至PH4.5。将所得浆液过滤,得到451mg(41%)2-环丙氨基-4,5-二氟苯甲酸;m.p.175-176℃。
实施例4
将100mg(0.46mmol)2-N-环丙基氨基-4,5-二氟苯甲酸和62μl(0.44mmol)三乙胺溶在2ml二氯甲烷中,并将该溶液加到装有隔膜和磁力搅拌棒的10ml单颈园底烧瓶中。将该溶液冷却至0℃,并用溶于0.5ml二氯甲烷中的45mg(0.147mmol)双-(三氯甲基)碳酸酯处理之。最后以二氯甲烷(0.5ml)溶液的形式加入催化量的二甲氨基吡啶(10mg)。在0℃搅拌1.5小时后,加入少量1N盐酸使反应骤停。用硫酸钠干燥有机相,然后浓缩成黄色油,得到114mgN-环丙基-6,7-二氟-2H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-2,4-(1H)二酮(100%)。经 热乙醇结晶,得到产物;m.p.138-139℃。
实施例5
将置于1.5ml    DMF中的60mg(0.484mmol)3-羟基丙烯酸甲酯钠盐,于充氮下加到装有磁力搅拌棒的15ml单颈园底烧瓶中。在4A分子筛的存在下将所得溶液搅拌过夜,然后滤入另一个装有冷凝器、通氮管和磁力搅拌棒的反应器中。在该反应混合物中加入52μl(0.467mmol)N,N′-二甲基咪唑啉酮,并将该溶液加热到55℃。将溶于1.5ml    DMF中的93mg(0.388mmol)N-环丙基-6,7-二氟-2H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-2,4(1H)二酮溶液加到该反应器中。将该反应混合物于55℃搅拌1小时。将该系统冷却至室温,然后将它加到30ml    PH为4.0的水中。将所得混悬液的PH调至5.5,将该混合物冷却至0℃,过滤。经干燥后,得到50mg(46%)1-环丙基-6,7-二氟-1,4-二氢-4-氧-3-喹啉羧酸甲酯,m.p.223-224℃。用二氯甲烷提取滤液,经干燥后蒸发,又得到47mg(43.5%,总收率:89.5%)所期产物。
实施例6
用溶于25ml    DMF中的2-氯-4,5-二氟苯甲酸(23g,0.12mol)溶液处理由三乙胺(15ml,0.11mol),2,4-二氟苯胺(25ml,0.24mol),青铜(2.7g,0.04mol)及热DMF(25ml)组成的 混悬液,然后在85℃保温反应8小时。将该反应混合物冷却至室温,然后搅拌过夜。将该反应混合物减压蒸发,残留物分配于醚和氯化铵水溶液之间,用2N的盐酸和饱和氯化锂水溶液洗涤有机相。用硫酸钠干燥醚提物,并用碳黑处理之,过滤,蒸发。将残留物置于己烷-醚中结晶,得到21.6g(62%)2-(2,4-二氟苯氨基)-4,5-二氟苯甲酸;m.p.215-216℃。

Claims (6)

1、制备式Ⅰ化合物的方法,式Ⅰ为:
Figure 891088008_IMG1
式中R3是乙基,叔丁基,环丙基,苯基,4-氟苯基,或2,4-二氟苯基,R4是羟基,C1-3烷氧基,氨基或C1-4烷氨基,和X是氟或氯,该方法的特征在于:
式Ⅱ化合物与式HOCH=CH-COR4化合物的碱金属盐反应,式Ⅱ为:
Figure 891088008_IMG2
式中R3和X的定义如前,在HOCH=CH-COR4中,R4的定义如前。
2、按权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于:X是氟,R3是环丙基,所说碱金属盐是钠盐。
3、按权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于:在有机碱存在下,由式Ⅲ化合物与式R5R6C=0化合物反应,制备式Ⅱ化合物,式Ⅲ为:
Figure 891088008_IMG3
式中X和R3的定义同权利要求1或2所述,在式R5R6C=0中,R5和R6两者均是氯或三氯甲氧基,或者R5是氯和R6是C1-6烷氧基,三氯甲氧基,苯氧基或者是由在反应条件下呈惰性的取代基取代的苯氧基。
4、按权利要求3所述方法,其特征在于:R5和R6两者均为三氯甲氧基或氯,或者R5是氯和R6是三氯甲氧基。
5、按权利要求3所述方法,其特征在于:在有机碱,铜或铜化物存在下,由式Ⅳ化合物与式R3NH2化合物反应,制得式Ⅲ化合物,式Ⅳ为:
Figure 891088008_IMG4
式中X是氟或氯,Hal是碘,溴或氯,式R3NH2中的R3是乙基,叔丁基,环丙基,苯基,4-氟苯基或2,4-二氟苯基。
6、按权利要求5所述方法,其特征在于:X是氟,Hal是碘,R3是环丙基。
CN89108800A 1988-11-23 1989-11-22 制备喹诺酮羧酸中间体的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1022183C (zh)

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