CN102206437B - 作为转化型涂层或作为漆中防腐蚀添加剂的季铵盐 - Google Patents
作为转化型涂层或作为漆中防腐蚀添加剂的季铵盐 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102206437B CN102206437B CN201110061366.6A CN201110061366A CN102206437B CN 102206437 B CN102206437 B CN 102206437B CN 201110061366 A CN201110061366 A CN 201110061366A CN 102206437 B CN102206437 B CN 102206437B
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- Prior art keywords
- ion
- paint
- negatively charged
- quaternary ammonium
- charged ion
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- -1 halogen anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
揭示了作为赋予油漆防腐蚀性质的转化型涂层或添加剂的含有非卤素阴离子(例如碳酸根离子、碳酸氢根离子、磷酸根离子、甘醇酸根离子和它们的混合物)的季铵盐。本发明涉及一种通过施涂包含一或多种季铵碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐的组合物来抑制金属表面腐蚀的方法。本发明还涉及用于金属基材的包含这些化合物的防腐蚀涂层，以及具有这些防腐蚀涂层的金属基材。
Description
本发明专利申请是国际申请日为2005年12月9日、国际申请号为PCT/EP2005/013191、进入中国国家阶段的申请号为200580046500.8、发明名称为“作为转化型涂层或作为漆中防腐蚀添加剂的季铵盐”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
发明领域
本发明涉及含有非卤素阴离子如碳酸根离子、碳酸氢根离子、磷酸根离子和甘醇酸根离子的季铵作为转化型涂层的活性成分和作为油漆和涂料的添加剂的用途。
发明背景
在金属表面会与水(无论是液态水或潮湿空气)接触的过程中，总是有腐蚀的危险。当金属本身有腐蚀的倾向且没有被涂布时，该问题尤其严重。
有腐蚀倾向的金属的例子发现于由铁合金制造的冲压金属汽车部件，研磨表面如机器加工的钢部件，和由铸铁制造的机器组件中。
转化型涂层被用来抑制腐蚀并保障油漆对金属表面(特别是对钢)的良好粘着。裸钢与有机涂料不能形成良好的粘合。为了改善金属/有机涂料的粘合，铬酸盐或磷酸盐转化型涂层与钢进行化学反应而形成具有金属-磷酸盐薄层的粗糙表面结构，该结构提供有机聚合物对金属表面的机械和化学联锁(粘着)。参见，例如，Watson，J.″A refresher：Understandingpretreatment″，Powder Coating 1996，7(3)和Ferguson，D.；Monzyk，B.，″Nonpolluting replacement for chromate conversion coating and zinc phosphatein powder coating applications″，Powder Coating 2001，12(7)。在此和下文中，应了解转化型涂层表示一种在金属基材表面上的保护性阻隔薄膜或层，其同时具有腐蚀抑制和油漆粘着的能力，且包括：(i)有机薄膜，(ii)由金属蚀刻和再沉积方法得到的无机氧化物，(iii)由真实沉积方法得到的无机氧化物，或(iv)任何来自(i)、(ii)和(iii)的无机和有机材料的混合物。最广泛使用的转化型涂层是铬酸盐处理、磷铬酸盐处理(phosphochromating)和磷酸锌处理。据信铬酸盐处理产生较好的腐蚀抑制作用，而磷铬酸盐处理产生较好的油漆粘着。在将转化型涂层施加到金属表面之前，必须清理金属表面以除去任何在金属表面上的油脂。然后可通过浸涂或喷涂来施加转化型涂层。铬酸盐和磷铬酸盐转化型涂层是最通常的化学转化型涂层，但是因为健康、安全和环境方面的考虑，需要其它类型的转化型涂层。
发明概述
研究发现，含有非卤素阴离子如碳酸氢根离子、碳酸根离子、磷酸根离子和甘醇酸根离子的季铵盐，更具体地，含有作为阴离子的碳酸氢根离子、碳酸根离子、磷酸根离子和甘醇酸根离子的二烷基二甲基铵盐、和它们的各种组合，具有作为金属表面(特别是钢表面)的转化型涂层的适用性。另外，已发现所述季铵盐类物能够产生所需的表面转变，例如所需的表面氧化物(即磁铁矿，Fe3O4)在钢基材上的生长。此氧化物的形成产生粘着至金属基材的明显的微晶区，油漆之类的涂层预期对此区表现出改善的粘着性。另外，所述季铵盐可直接加到油漆中，以提供油漆对金属表面的较好的粘着性，从而提高耐腐蚀性。
季铵碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐的腐蚀抑制性质已揭示于同在申请中的美国专利申请10/810279号(US 2005/0003978A1)中。此外，业已发现，在抑制剂薄膜下，受保护的钢表面生长出所需的表面氧化物(也就是磁铁矿，Fe3O4)。此氧化物的形成产生一些预期有机涂料如油漆会对其表现出改善的粘着性的区域。
发明详述
令人惊喜地发现，某些含有非卤素阴离子的季铵盐，例如碳酸二-正-癸基二甲基铵，当被涂覆至铁和铁合金如钢的表面时，具有在比先前已知的温和很多的温度条件下在铁和铁合金如钢的表面上产生已知的所需的转变的倾向。虽然钢表面在＞110℃时发生热诱发转变在本领域是已知的，但进行该转变需要高温迄今为止限制了其商业性开发。然而，上述季铵盐看来能够在低至室温的温度下产生相似的钢表面的转变。
另外，上述季铵盐(纯净的或以调配物形式)的独特性质允许在最后涂层涂覆之前进行一步式金属表面处理工艺。已经发现，金属暴露于它们的溶液将会在为最后涂层涂覆做准备的同时对金属表面完成清洁、腐蚀抑制和底漆涂布。
这明显优于现行方法，现行方法是以逐步方式完成下列独立功能，并且产生大量必须加以处置的工业污水：
a)用油钝化原料金属以防止快速生锈(flash rust)。
b)除去且废弃钝化油
c)在施加最后涂层之前，金属表面用转化型涂料溶液(酸性，含重金属的化学品)处理且固化。
也已经发现根据本发明处理的钢表面能抵抗快速生锈。当新形成的裸钢表面暴露于水中且发生反应形成红色氢氧化铁锈层时，发生快速生锈。
根据本发明处理的板卷型钢(coiled sheet steel)可抵抗在湿气冷凝在卷薄板(coils)边缘上时发生的边缘沾染。目前钢板在储存或运输之前先用轻油喷涂。该油必须在进行其它表面处理或涂布之前先除去。
根据本发明形成的氧化物薄膜具有作为钢的底下层油漆(under-paint)转化型涂层或底漆的可能性。裸钢不能与有机涂料形成良好的粘合。为了改善金属/有机涂料的粘合，铬酸盐或磷酸盐转化型涂层与钢进行化学反应，形成具有金属-磷酸盐板体的粗糙表面结构，该结构提供有机聚合物对金属表面的机械和化学联锁(粘着)性。
还发现本发明的转化型涂层和防腐蚀漆在刮擦时表现出一定的自行复原性，这意味着即使是刮痕的“裸”金属表面也显示一些钝化作用，这可能是由于季铵盐从周围涂料的迁移引起的。在某些情况中，还观察到永久的氧化物转变，结果导致刮擦区长期的钝化。这是一种类似于在铬涂布的金属表面上观察到的自行复原的效果。
特别地，本发明涉及一种将转化型涂层施加到金属基材表面的方法，该方法包括使基材与一种组合物接触的步骤，该组合物包含：
(a)至少一种含有非卤素阴离子的季铵盐，和
(b)任选地，溶剂。
较佳地，季铵盐的通式如下：
其中R1是任选地芳基取代的C1-20烷基，R2是任选地芳基取代的C1-20烷基，R3和R4彼此独立地是C1-4烷基，Xn-是一种选自下组的阴离子：氢氧根离子、碳酸根离子、碳酸氢根离子、磷酸根离子、亚磷酸根离子、次磷酸根离子、硝酸根离子、硫酸根离子、硼酸根离子、饱和及不饱和无环C1-20一元羧酸的阴离子、饱和及不饱和C2-20二元羧酸的阴离子和羟基取代的羧酸的阴离子，n表示所述阴离子的负电荷的适当数目。
在此和下文中，C1-20烷基是具有1到20个碳原子的直链或支链烷基，包括但不限于甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、异壬基、癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基、十八烷基和二十烷基(icosyl)。芳基取代的C1-20烷基是任何具有芳基(特别是苯基)作为取代基的上述基。优选的芳基取代的C1-20烷基的例子是苄基、苯乙基和苯丙基。
应了解术语“磷酸根离子”包括磷酸的酸和中性盐，即，磷酸二氢根离子(H2PO4 2-)、磷酸氢根离子(HPO4 2-)和磷酸根离子(PO4 3-)，以及寡-和多磷酸的盐，例如二磷酸盐(焦磷酸盐)和三磷酸盐。
亚磷酸根离子是含有阴离子H2PO3 -和/或HPO3 2-的亚磷酸的盐。
硫酸根离子是硫酸氢根离子(HSO4 -)和硫酸根离子(SO4 2-)及二硫酸根离子(S2O7 2-)和相关阴离子。
硼酸根离子是任何衍生自硼酸(H3BO3)和各种多硼酸的阴离子。
饱和及不饱和无环C1-20一元羧酸具体是烷酸，例如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸(hecanoic acid)、辛酸、癸酸、十二酸、十四酸、十六酸、十八酸和二十酸；或烯酸，例如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、油酸和亚麻酸。
饱和及不饱和无环C2-20二元羧酸具体是烷二酸，例如草酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸和己二酸；或烯二酸，例如富马酸或马来酸。
羟基-取代的羧酸是任何除了含有羧酸基外还具有至少一个羟基的羧酸，例如甘醇酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸或水杨酸。
表现出上述效果的更优选的季铵盐是季铵碳酸盐、季铵碳酸氢盐、季铵磷酸盐和季铵甘醇酸盐。
更佳地，通式I的季铵中的R3和R4是甲基。
在一个优选的实施方式中，R1是甲基。
在另一个优选的实施方式中，R2是苄基或苯乙基。
在另一个优选的实施方式中，R1和R2是相同的C1-20烷基。
在一个优选的实施方式中，R1和R2是C10烷基。
在一个更优选的实施方式中，R1和R2是正-C10烷基。
在一个特别优选的实施方式中，季铵盐是碳酸二正癸基二甲基铵和/或碳酸氢二正癸基二甲基铵。
较佳地，金属基材是钢。
更佳地，钢是板卷型钢。
本发明的另一个目的是一种制件，其包括根据上述方法或其任何优选实施方式处理过的金属基材。
再次地，优选的金属基材是钢。
本发明的另一个目的是一种防腐蚀漆，其包含：
(a)至少一种含有非卤素阴离子的季铵盐，
(b)粘合剂，
(c)任选地，溶剂和
(d)任选地，颜料。
如在上述方法中，防腐蚀漆中的季铵盐优选具有以下通式：
其中R1是任选地芳基取代的C1-20烷基，R2是任选地芳基取代的C1-20烷基，R3和R4彼此独立地是C1-4烷基，Xn-是选自下组的阴离子：氢氧根离子、碳酸根离子、碳酸氢根离子、磷酸根离子、硝酸根离子、硫酸根离子、硼酸根离子、饱和及不饱和无环C1-20一元羧酸的阴离子、饱和及不饱和C2-12二元羧酸的阴离子和羟基取代的羧酸的阴离子，n表示所述阴离子的负电荷的适当数目。
在上述方法中的季铵盐的更优选的实施方式类似地适用于防腐蚀漆。
较佳地，粘合剂选自下组：丙烯酸树脂、酪蛋白(乳蛋白质)、乙烯基树脂、乳胶漆树脂、乙酸酯树脂、环氧树脂和它们的混合物。
在一个优选的实施方式中，防腐蚀漆是乳胶漆。
在另一个优选的实施方式中，防腐蚀漆是瓷喷漆。
在一个更优选的实施方式中，防腐蚀漆是E-涂布漆。
在一个更优选的实施方式中，防腐蚀漆为丙烯酸漆。
本发明的另一个目的是制件，该制件包括用上述防腐蚀漆涂布的金属基材。关于防腐蚀漆、包含在该油漆中的铵盐及金属基材的性质的全部优选实施方式同样适用于所述制造件。
本发明的另一个目的是具有以下通式的季铵盐的应用：
其中R1是任选地芳基取代的C1-20烷基，R2是任选地芳基取代的C1-20烷基，R3和R4彼此独立地是C1-4烷基，Xn-是选自下组的阴离子：氢氧根离子、碳酸根离子、碳酸氢根离子、磷酸根离子、亚磷酸根离子、次磷酸根离子、硝酸根离子、硫酸根离子、硼酸根离子、饱和及不饱和无环C1-20一元羧酸的阴离子、饱和及不饱和无环C2-20二元羧酸的阴离子和羟基取代的羧酸的阴离子，n表示作为油漆或涂料中的防腐蚀添加剂的所述阴离子的负电荷的适当数目。
上述方法中的季铵盐的更优选的实施方式类似地适合用作防腐蚀添加剂。
附图说明
图1是钢表面在含有0.1％碳酸二正癸基二甲基铵的3.5％NaCl水溶液中浸渍二个星期之后的SEM显微照片。注意表面上的六角板体的形成。
图2是钢表面在含有0.1％碳酸二正癸基二甲基铵的3.5％NaCl水溶液中浸渍二个月之后的SEM显微照片。该表面布满板体和球体颗粒。这些相之一为铁磁体(磁铁矿，Fe3O4)。
图3是钢表面在0.1％甘醇酸二正癸基二甲基铵的0.1％自来水溶液中在70℃浸渍48小时之后的SEM显微照片。
图4是钢表面在自来水中在70℃浸渍1小时之后(对照实验)的SEM显微照片。
图5描述几种E-涂布的钢样品在盐喷雾暴露之后的油漆剥离试验的结果。
图6描述通过加入季铵盐得到防腐蚀性的乳胶漆涂布的钢样品的盐喷雾试验的结果。
图7描述用含有各种量的季铵盐的光泽保护喷瓷涂布的钢样品的盐喷雾试验的结果。
以下实施例说明了本发明，但是不限制本发明。除非另有指示，所有份数和百分数以重量给出。
实施例1
为了制备钢板(S-46，购自Q-Panel Lab Products，Cleveland，俄亥俄州)，用
1000(碳酸氢/碳酸二正癸基二甲基铵)、“Phosphoquat”(磷酸二正癸基二甲基铵)和各种相关对照的各种水性处理进行转化型涂层研究(参考：NB5751-001至018)。
直径27.9厘米(11”)和高度27.9厘米(11”)的塑料槽用来处理这些钢板。用9,600克的试验溶液充满塑料槽。在离最高边缘6.35毫米(1/4”)处具有直径为6.35毫米(1/4”)的孔的10.16厘米x15.24厘米x1.59毫米(4”x6”x1/16”)钢(S-46)板通过将塑料吸管通过板中的孔来处理。使用相同的吸管歪斜(skew)最多三个板。使这些板站直，且只有板底碰触槽底。然后将槽在70℃的烤箱中放置一小时。在一小时之后，从槽中移出板，用纸巾弄干然后包装在塑料包装中，贴上标签。所制备的试验溶液可发现于下述列表中。所有的浓度以重量百分数给出。所述
和
的浓度是活性化合物的真实浓度：
试验溶液
去离子水
自来水(Allendale，NJ)
5％盐(NaCl)水
在去离子水中0.1％1000*)
在自来水(Allendale，N.J.)中0.1％
1000
在5％盐(NaCl)水中0.1％
1000
在去离子水中0.1％Phosphoquat**)(pH＝2.5)
在去离子水中0.1％Phosphoquat(pH＝4.0)
在去离子水中0.1％Phosphoquat(pH＝7.5)
在去离子水中0.1％Glycoquat***)(pH＝7.5)
*)
1000是浓度50％的碳酸(氢)二正癸基二甲基铵(90摩尔％碳酸氢盐，10摩尔％碳酸盐)的水溶液。
**)Phosphoquat是磷酸(氢)二正癸基二甲基铵溶液，通过将得到特定pH值所需的量的85％磷酸水溶液加到
1000中制得该溶液。
***)Glycoquat是甘醇酸二正癸基二甲基铵溶液，通过将得到特定pH所需的量的甘醇酸加到
1000中制得该溶液。
在这些钢板用试验溶液处理之后，使用三种不同的油漆方法将它们油漆。各种油漆方法油漆两块钢板。在油漆方法之一中，使用
专业高效瓷(Hunter Green)喷漆将钢板喷漆。将四块钢板头尾相连平放且用约18克油漆喷漆而涂覆至钢板上表面的油漆喷漆且使其干燥过夜。次日以相似的方法处理板底。使用
’s Painters
(Hunter Green)乳胶漆油漆第二组钢板。用泡沫滚筒将油漆涂覆至钢板。总计共两个油漆涂层涂覆至钢板的每侧。使用已知为E-Coating(电泳涂装)的商业油漆方法油漆第三组钢板。这些样品在Royal E-Coat(Costa Mesa，California)，使用专有方法油漆。使用其中以0.1％、0.5％或1.0％加入
1000的
’s Painters
(Hunter Green)乳胶漆油漆第四组钢板(未处理)。同样使用其中以所示含量加入
1000、phosphoquat或glycoquat的
’s光泽保护喷瓷(Hunter Green)漆油漆第五组钢板(未处理)。
所有油漆样品都送到保证试验服务(Assured Testing Services)(224
River Rd.，Ridge-way，PA 15853)进行盐喷雾试验(ASTM B117)。一组钢板在钢板的中心刻划“X”。在5个不同位置测量刻划的X的油漆拉回的数量(毫米)。然后平均这些测量结果。平均值越低，处理性能越好。在试验过程期间，在不同时间间隔测量样品。第二组样品的边缘用蜡涂布以防止边缘效应。对未扰动的钢板表面周期性地评估总可见锈，并从0到100％分级。转化型涂层/油漆/盐喷雾试验结果：
经过喷漆(瓷)的钢板相对于对照样品在油漆粘着性方面显示出最大程度的改善。对于大部份所评估的试验样品，乳胶漆样品在试验样品和相应的对照样品之间没有显示出差异。E-Coat样品显示在144小时之后最少量的油漆拉回。试验样品和对照样品之间存在的差异的相关结果总结在下表1和2中。
表1
*)平均油漆剥离(毫米)
此数据清楚地表明当用1000和phosphoquat材料预处理测试板时，在商业喷瓷情况中，油漆剥离方面明显改善。
表2：E-涂布的样品的平均油漆剥离(peel-back)数据的总结。
PQ＝Phosphoquat；
DI＝去离子水。
列在表2中的结果也被描述在图5中。
制备未刻划的油漆板的复制组而且进行盐喷雾暴露试验。下表3是试验样品和对照样品之间存在的差异的主要结果的总结。
表3：主要的未扰动的试验板表面盐喷雾试验的总结
总的来说，此数据证明了
1000和phosphoquat类型的“转化型涂层”预处理在盐喷雾试验中明显减少商业乳胶漆和瓷喷漆处理的总锈的显著能力。
表4：加入刷式乳胶漆(brush latex)的
1000的剥离(peel-back)数据
此数据显示当1000直接结合到商业油漆调配物中时，油漆剥离方面的性质明显改善。
在另一试验中，对用掺入各种量的
1000(CS)强化的乳胶漆油漆过的未扰动的试验板表面在盐喷雾暴露24到456小时之后测定可见锈的量(％)。数据总结在下表5中且描述于图6中。
表5：用掺入
1000强化的乳胶漆油漆过的未扰动的试验板表面。
通过刷涂制备样品。
在另外的试验中，对用含有各种量的
1000(CS)、phosphoquat和glycoquat的光泽保护喷瓷油漆过的未扰动的试验板表面在盐喷雾暴露24到168小时之后测定可见锈的量(％)。数据总结在下表6中且描述于图7中。
表6：用掺入
1000(C S)、phosphoquat(PQ)和glycoquat(GQ)强化的光泽保护喷瓷(GPE)油漆的未扰动的试验板表面
其中可适用的话，所有样品通过刷涂制备以便掺料强化。
表5&6中的数据显示当
1000或相关phosphoquat或glycoquat材料直接结合到商业油漆调配物中时，耐腐蚀性明显改善。
实施例2&比较例1
根据表7中所列成分的量和处理步骤的顺序调配两种乳胶漆。一种调配物(实施例2)包含
1000，而另一种(比较例1)包含阴离子表面活性剂(
X-100)和常规腐蚀抑制剂(
327)的组合。
表7：调配成分的总结
850是宾夕凡尼亚州费城罗门哈斯(Rohm and Haas)公司的聚丙烯酸钠。
AMP-95TM是含有5％水的2-胺基-2-甲基-1-丙醇，其可得自恩琪斯化学公司。
测试表7的调配物的储存稳定性和粘度以及金属表面上的油漆薄膜的耐擦洗性和遮盖力。
实施例2的调配物几天内是稳定的，甚至优于比较例1，具有较少的分离。调配物也比比较调配物“更浓稠(creamier)”(更令人想要的)。此观察证实确定
1000可兼容于乳胶漆系统。
遮盖力是涂层隐藏污点的能力，在比较例中为96.8％，在根据本发明的实施例中为97.2％。这样表明
1000作用胜于表面活性剂X-100。通过使用在标准Leneta(类型2C)卡上的伯尔得棒下降(birdbar draw down)(76.2微米＝3密耳)的对比率来测量遮盖力，且以黑和白的L-值(实验LAB彩色系统)的比值表示。
由实施例2的调配物制备的油漆薄膜的耐擦洗性为480循环到不合格，而由比较例1的调配物制备的油漆薄膜的耐擦洗性是仅370循环到不合格。明显改善了约30％。使用标准ASTM D2486方法学测量耐擦洗性。
光泽测量显示由两个调配物制备的涂层之间没有显著差异。
实施例2的调配物的史托马(Stormer)粘度明显高于比较例1的史托马粘度，即83KU对73KU。这样可以减少加入调配物的相关增稠剂的量。
Claims (8)
1.一种防腐蚀漆，其包含：
(a)至少一种含有非卤素阴离子的季铵盐，
(b)粘合剂，
(c)任选地，溶剂，和
(d)任选地，颜料
其中，所述季铵盐具有以下通式：
其中R1是任选地苯基取代的C1-20烷基，R2是任选地苯基取代的C1-20烷基，R3和R4彼此独立地是C1-4烷基，Xn-是选自下组的阴离子：氢氧根离子、碳酸根离子、碳酸氢根离子、磷酸根离子、亚磷酸根离子、次磷酸根离子、硝酸根离子、硫酸根离子、硼酸根离子、饱和及不饱和无环C1-20一元羧酸的阴离子、饱和及不饱和无环C2-20二元羧酸的阴离子和羟基取代的羧酸的阴离子，n表示所述阴离子的负电荷的适当数目。
2.如权利要求1所述的防腐蚀漆，其特征在于，所述粘合剂选自下组：丙烯酸树脂、酪蛋白、乙烯基树脂、乳胶树脂、乙酸酯树脂、环氧树脂和它们的混合物。
3.如权利要求1所述的防腐蚀漆，其特征在于，其为乳胶漆。
4.如权利要求1所述的防腐蚀漆，其特征在于，其为瓷喷漆。
5.如权利要求1所述的防腐蚀漆，其特征在于，其为e-涂布漆。
6.如权利要求1所述的防腐蚀漆，其特征在于，其为丙烯酸漆。
7.一种制件，其包括用权利要求1至6中任一项所述的防腐蚀漆涂布的金属基材。
8.一种具有以下通式的季铵盐作为油漆或涂料中的防腐蚀添加剂的用途：
其中R1是任选地苯基取代的C1-20烷基，R2是任选地苯基取代的C1-20烷基，R3和R4彼此独立地是C1-4烷基，Xn-是选自下组的阴离子：氢氧根离子、碳酸根离子、碳酸氢根离子、磷酸根离子、亚磷酸根离子、次磷酸根离子、硝酸根离子、硫酸根离子、硼酸根离子、饱和及不饱和无环C1-20一元羧酸的阴离子、饱和及不饱和无环C2-20二元羧酸的阴离子和羟基取代的羧酸的阴离子，n表示所述阴离子的负电荷的适当数目。
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| US63479304P | 2004-12-09 | 2004-12-09 | |
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| CN2005800465008A Expired - Fee Related CN101098986B (zh) | 2004-12-09 | 2005-12-09 | 作为转化型涂层或作为漆中防腐蚀添加剂的季铵盐 |
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| EP (1) | EP1825023A1 (zh) |
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| AU (1) | AU2005313503B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0518858A2 (zh) |
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| EA (1) | EA014610B1 (zh) |
| HK (2) | HK1116839A1 (zh) |
| IN (1) | IN2014DN07328A (zh) |
| MX (1) | MX2007006915A (zh) |
| MY (1) | MY148568A (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO20073050L (zh) |
| NZ (1) | NZ555940A (zh) |
| TW (2) | TWI386519B (zh) |
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| US8434667B2 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2013-05-07 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Polyamine, carboxylic acid flux composition and method of soldering |
| US8430295B2 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-30 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Curable flux composition and method of soldering |
| US8430294B2 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-30 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Amine, carboxylic acid flux composition and method of soldering |
| US8434666B2 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2013-05-07 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Flux composition and method of soldering |
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