CN102186844A - 放射性标记的甘氨酸1转运蛋白抑制剂 - Google Patents
放射性标记的甘氨酸1转运蛋白抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102186844A CN102186844A CN2009801413507A CN200980141350A CN102186844A CN 102186844 A CN102186844 A CN 102186844A CN 2009801413507 A CN2009801413507 A CN 2009801413507A CN 200980141350 A CN200980141350 A CN 200980141350A CN 102186844 A CN102186844 A CN 102186844A
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Abstract
本发明涉及新的具有通式(I)的放射性标记的甘氨酸1转运蛋白(GlyT1)抑制剂,其用于甘氨酸1转运蛋白功能性的标记和诊断成象。其中,R1是异丙氧基或2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基;并且R2是放射性标记的基团CH3,其中放射性核素是3H或11C。已经发现放射性标记的式(I)化合物可以用作PET(正电子发射断层成象术)的放射性示踪剂,用于甘氨酸1转运蛋白功能性的标记和诊断分子成象。
Description
本发明涉及新的具有通式I的放射性标记的甘氨酸1转运蛋白(GlyT1)抑制剂,其用于甘氨酸1转运蛋白功能性的标记和诊断成象。
其中
R1是异丙氧基或2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基;并且
R2是放射性标记的基团CH3,其中放射性核素是3H或11C。
已经发现放射性标记的式I化合物可以用作PET(正电子发射断层成象术)的放射性示踪剂,用于甘氨酸1转运蛋白功能性的标记和诊断分子成象。分子成象是基于分子探针(例如放射性示踪剂)与生物学靶标(例如受体、酶、离子通道或任何其它能够结合或阻留分子探针的细胞组分)的选择性和特异性相互作用,其通过PET、核磁共振、近红外或其它方法可见。PET是一种核医学成象形式,非常适合产生提供重要信息的三维影像,所述的重要信息是特定器官的生物学靶标分布,或该器官或细胞的代谢活性,或药物进入该器官、结合到生物学靶标和/或改变生物学过程的能力等。由于PET是无创成象技术,因此可以用于研究疾病的病理生理学以及药物对人类和动物的特定分子靶标或细胞进程的作用。利用对特定的分子靶标具有特异性的PET放射性示踪剂,可以帮助开发药物以及了解药物的作用机理。另外,PET放射性示踪剂可以通过显示由疾病引起的病理生理学变化而有助于该疾病的诊断。
甘氨酸转运蛋白抑制剂适用于神经病学障碍和神经精神病学障碍的治疗。涉及的主要疾病状态是精神病、精神分裂症(Armer RE和Miller DJ,Exp.Opin.Ther.Patents,11(4):563-572,2001)、精神病性心境障碍例如严重的重症抑郁障碍,与精神病性精神障碍有关的心境障碍例如与双相性精神障碍有关的急性躁狂或抑郁和与精神分裂症有关的心境障碍(Pralong ET等人,Prog.Neurobiol.,67:173-202,2002)、孤独症(Carlsson mL,J.Neural Trans.,105:525-535,1998)、认知障碍例如痴呆,包括年龄相关的痴呆和阿茨海默型老年性痴呆,哺乳动物(包括人)的记忆障碍,注意缺陷障碍和疼痛(Armer RE和Miller DJ,Exp.Opin.Ther.Patents,11(4):563-572,2001)。
人脑是一个复杂的器官,由许许多多的相互通信的神经元组成。对疾病相关异常的理解是未来有效诊断和新的治疗的发展关键。人类的生物化学异常的研究迅速成为药物发现和开发过程的重要和整体组成部分。传统的新药发现和开发重在强调用体外技术选择有希望的领先候选物,随后在给人类施用前先在活体动物上试验。由于体外系统仅反映了部分生命体系的复杂性,并且人类疾病的体内动物模型往往只是近似于人类病理学,因此人们越来越认识到,在病程早期阶段对有生命人类的药物-受体相互作用的充分理解,将会是加强有效和及时发现和开发新的治疗的主要驱动力。近年来,应用人类医学成象评价病理学、疾病进程和药物作用的应用正逐步增长。这些成象方式包括PET、MRI、CT、超声、EEG、SPECT等(British Medical Bulletin,2003,65,169-177)。因此,应用无创成象方式,例如PET,是未来药物开发不可估量的工具。无创核成象技术可以用于获得关于多种生命体的生理学和生物化学的基础和诊断信息。这些技术依赖于应用复杂的能检测出施用于该生命体的放射性示踪剂所发射的辐射的成象仪器。将获得的信息重建,可以提供显示作为时间函数的放射性示踪剂分布的平面和体层(tomographic)影像。放射性示踪剂的应用可以产生包含结构、功能以及最重要的个体生理学和生物化学信息的影像。很多这种信息由其它方式不能获得。在这些研究中所用的放射性示踪剂被设计为在体内具有确定的行为,其允许确定有关个体生理学或生物化学的特别信息。目前,放射性示踪剂可用于获得关于心脏功能、心肌血流量、肺灌注、肝功能、脑血流量、局部脑葡萄糖和氧代谢的有用信息(WO2007/041025)。
另外,
-在药物开发的早期阶段,PET成象提供了人类正常和异常神经化学的无创和定量分析,以增强对治疗的有效发现。
-标记化合物的示踪剂剂量能对新药进行早期评价:生物分布研究;受体占据研究,以优化给药方案以及表征药物作用的下游响应。
-应用无创技术了解人类的疾病机理,与疾病和新治疗的诊断和管理的未来发展之间有着密切的联系。
通常用于PET的放射性核素包括11C、13N、15O或18F。原则上,有可能对所有具有类似母体化合物的药物进行标记,但是仅有少量发现可用作人体内的成象剂。11C、13N、15O和18F的放射性半衰期分别是20、10、2和110分钟。这些短的半衰期赋予了它们作为示踪剂以应用PET探测体内生物进程的许多优点。使得在同一天内对相同个体进行重复研究成为可能。PET越来越多地被用作测定明确的化合物的药物-剂量-酶/受体占据关系的工具。应用特别是结合到靶受体或酶的PET放射性示踪剂可以提供关于以下的信息:
-药物进入脑并且结合到靶位的能力,
-给定剂量的药物产生的靶位占据程度,
-占据的时间-过程,和
-所考虑的药物的相关血浆和组织动力学。
占据研究通常用与所研究候选药物不同的PET放射性示踪剂进行(British Medical Bulletin,2003,65,169-177)。
本发明的目的是寻找新的用于甘氨酸1转运蛋白的体内PET成象的放射性示踪剂。已经发现获得的放射性标记的式I化合物具有被用作成象剂用于甘氨酸1转运蛋白在人体内可见的潜力。本发明包括以下放射性标记的化合物:
放射性标记的式I-A化合物
放射性标记的式I-B化合物
放射性标记的式I-C化合物
放射性标记的式I-D化合物
本发明进一步的实施方案是式I化合物,其用作GlyT1配体,用于GlyT1结合研究和用作PET放射性示踪剂。
另外,本发明化合物可以用于哺乳动物脑的GlyT1的诊断成象。
本发明包括GlyT1转运蛋白的诊断成象的方法,该方法包括给哺乳动物施用有效量的式I化合物;本发明还包括检测哺乳动物组织中的GlyT1功能性的方法,该方法包括给哺乳动物施用有效量的式I化合物,其中该检测是所希望的。
本发明的目的是式I化合物制备用于在哺乳动物脑中的GlyT1诊断成象的药物中的用途,以及包含该化合物和可药用赋形剂的药物组合物。
Glyt1转运蛋白抑制剂可用于治疗疾病,所述的疾病是精神病、疼痛、记忆和学习功能障碍、精神分裂症、痴呆和其它认知过程受损的疾病,例如注意缺陷障碍或阿尔茨海默病。优选的适应证是精神分裂症。
精神分裂症是进行性和破坏性的神经病学疾病,其特征在于发作性阳性症状,例如妄想、幻觉、思维障碍和精神病,以及持续性阴性症状,例如情感单调、注意力损伤和回避社交以及认知损伤。
非放射性标记的化合物在本领域是已知的,并且作为GlyT1转运蛋白抑制剂描述在WO2006/082001中。
流程图1表示式(I)化合物的合成路线,其中R2是放射性标记的基团:
流程图1
将式II化合物与碱例如碳酸铯以及式III的试剂反应,其中R2是包含选自3H或11C的放射性核素的基团,并且X是离去基团例如碘。式III的试剂如:已知的[3H]碘甲烷和已知的[11C]碘甲烷,并且根据Larsen,P.,Ulin,J.,Dahlstrom,K.J.Label.Compds.Radiopharm.37,73-75,1995制备。
流程图2表示合成式(II)化合物的合成路线,其中R1是(S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基。
流程图2
中间体酸IV可以通过可商购获得的邻氟苯甲酸与(S)-1,1,1-三氟-丙-2-醇(CAS:3539-97-7)在碱例如氰化钠的存在下,在溶剂例如二烷中反应制备。将酸IV与已知的异吲哚啉V(WO 2006082001)在偶联剂例如TBTU和碱例如二异丙基乙基胺的存在下,在溶剂例如DMF中偶联,得到酰胺VI。可以在氯磺酸的存在下,在溶剂例如二氯乙烷中将VI氯磺酰化,得到磺酰氯中间体VII。将VII还原为亚磺酸II可以通过应用亚硫酸钠作为还原剂在溶剂例如DMF和水中实现。
流程图3表示合成式(II)化合物的合成路线,其中R1是异丙氧基。
流程图3
中间体IX可以通过将酸VIII(WO 2005014563)与可商购获得的烷化剂(碘甲基)三甲基硅烷,在碱例如二异丙基酰胺锂和添加剂例如TMEDA的存在下,在溶剂例如THF中反应制备。将酸IX与已知的异吲哚啉V(WO2006082001)在偶联剂例如TBTU和碱例如二异丙基乙基胺的存在下,在溶剂例如DMF中偶联,得到酰胺X。X转化成亚磺酸II可以在TBAF的存在下,在溶剂例如THF中实现。
缩略语
TBTU O-苯并三唑基四甲基异脲四氟硼酸盐
DMF 二甲基甲酰胺
TBAF 四正丁基氟化铵
THF 四氢呋喃
TMEDA 四甲基乙二胺
MTBE 甲基叔丁基醚
LDA 二异丙基酰胺锂
如前所述的,已经发现放射性标记的式I化合物可以用作PET配体,用于甘氨酸1转运蛋白功能性的标记和诊断分子成象。
相应的未标记的化合物[5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮和(2-异丙氧基-5-甲磺酰基-苯基)-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮]在体外对GlyT1转运蛋白有作用,其IC50值(μM)分别为0.028和0.014。试验方法在WO2006/082001中描述。
大鼠脑中自体放射照相术研究
研究了大鼠脑中[3H][5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮和[3H][2-异丙氧基-5-甲磺酰基-苯基)-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮]的结合位点的分布。
这些试验中应用雄性Wistar大鼠。将大鼠处死;迅速移出它们的脑,冷冻于干冰粉末中。在低温恒温器中切下10μm厚的矢状切面,并且融化置于粘附载玻片上。将脑切片先在Ringer缓冲液(NaCl 120mM、KCl 5mM、CaCl22mM、MgCl21mM、Tris-HCl 50mM pH 7.4)中在37℃下温育10分钟,然后在含有浓度为1nM的[3H]5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮或[3H][2-异丙氧基-5-甲磺酰基-苯基)-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮]的Ringer缓冲液中在37℃下温育60分钟。为了评价放射性示踪剂的非特异性结合(NSB),用含有放射性示踪剂和浓度为10μM的参考GlyT1抑制剂Org 24598的Ringer缓冲液对另外的切片组进行温育(在37℃下60分钟)。在温育最后,将切片用冰冷的(4℃)Ringer缓冲液冲洗2×5分钟和1×15分钟,然后在4℃下在蒸馏水中快速浸三次。将载有脑切片的载玻片在冷气流中干燥,并且与[3H]-微刻度(microscale)一起暴露于Fuji成象板5天。然后,将成象板在FujiFilm高分辨板扫描仪中扫描。结合到所关注的脑区域(TB)的放射性示踪剂的总量应用MCID图像分析程序测量,并且表示为fmol结合放射性示踪剂/mg蛋白质。特异性结合到GlyT1载体(SB)上的[3H]5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮的量根据公式SB=TB-NSB计算。
所得结果表明,[3H]5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮和[3H][2-异丙氧基-5-甲磺酰基-苯基)-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮]的结合位点的分布与GlyT1转运蛋白的已知分布相对应[Cubelos B.,Gimenez C.,Zafra F.,Cereb Cortex 15,448-459,2005;Zafra F.,Aragon C.,Olivares L.,Danbolt NC,Gimenez C.,Storm-Mathisen J.,J Neuroscience.15,3952-69,1995]。在丘脑、脑干、脑桥和延髓以及小脑中观察到高密度的结合位点。在纹状体、皮层和海马中观察到较低密度。将放射性示踪剂与高浓度的特异性GlyT1抑制剂Org 24598或其它特异性GlyT1抑制剂共同温育,完全破坏了[3H]5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮和[3H][2-异丙氧基-5-甲磺酰基-苯基)-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮]与大鼠脑部分的结合,证实两种放射性示踪剂结合到GlyT1转运蛋白上。
狒狒体内PET研究
1)用[
11
C-][2-异丙氧基-5-甲磺酰基-苯基)-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二
氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮]和[
11
C]-5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧
基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮的PET成象
下述试验在雄性狒狒(东非狒狒(papio anubis))上进行。在PET研究前,将动物禁食12小时。最初以5-7mg/kg的限制剂量肌内给予盐酸氯胺酮使狒狒镇静,达到轻微水平的麻醉,然后保持0.3-0.4mg/kg/h连续静脉内输注丙泊酚(可注射乳剂)。通过输入等渗生理盐水维持循环体积。插入股动脉导管以取血样。在整个研究过程中,持续监测生理学生命体征,包括心率、ECG、血压(Spacelabs Monitor,Issaquah,WA,USA)和氧饱和度(NellcorN-600TM Pulse Oximeter,Pleasanton,CA,USA)。将动物固定在ECAT脑PET扫描仪上(High Resolution Research Tomograph,CPS Innovations,Inc.,Knoxville,TN)。将连接到头部固定器的可重复固定的热塑性面具戴在动物的头上。用1mCiCs-137点源进行6分钟的初步透射扫描,用于衰减校正。将[11C-][2-异丙氧基-5-甲磺酰基-苯基)-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮]和[11C]-5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮作为1分钟推注静脉内施用。在开始施用放射性示踪剂时启动PET扫描和动脉血取样,并且在施用放射性示踪剂后获得0至90分钟的PET影像。
这些成象研究的结果表明,放射性示踪剂[11C][2-异丙氧基-5-甲磺酰基-苯基)-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮]和[11C]-5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮)均能迅速占据多个脑区域,时间活性曲线在施用后20-30分钟显示摄取峰值,并且在剩余的研究时间缓慢下降。两种放射性示踪剂的区域分布反映了甘氨酸转运蛋白1(GlyT1)的已知分布,与皮层区域相比,其在脑桥、脑干、小脑和丘脑的积累更高(Cubelos B.,Gimenez C.,Zafra F.,Cereb Cortex 15,448-459,2005)。
2)具有药理学挑战的PET成象
这些试验测试了未标记的GlyT1抑制剂阻断[11C][2-异丙氧基-5-甲磺酰基-苯基)-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮]和[11C]-5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮在已知含有GlyT1的脑区域摄取的能力。由于[5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮和(2-异丙氧基-5-甲磺酰基-苯基)-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮均为选择性GlyT1抑制剂,因此选择这些化合物中的一种,[5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮,用于下述试验。
每个动物在同一天内接受两次连续的放射性示踪剂施用。放射性示踪剂的第一次施用用来确定放射性示踪剂的基线摄取。基线扫描后,狒狒接受静脉内施用未标记的[5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮(阻断剂)。阻断剂输注在(第二次)注射放射性示踪剂前20分钟开始。阻断剂先以剂量=0.2mg/kg输注。10分钟后,将流速改变以在研究的剩余100分钟内传递0.5mg/kg。初步的药物动力学试验和数据模型表明,这些输注速率使得PET扫描时间段内的[5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮的血浆水平恒定。
用冷的[5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮(选择性GlyT1抑制剂)进行预处理,完全阻断了放射性示踪剂[11C-][2-异丙氧基-5-甲磺酰基-苯基)-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮]和[11C]-5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮)的特异性摄取,并且导致放射性在脑中的均匀分布。这些结果证实了两种放射性示踪剂对GlyT1转运蛋白的特异性,并且清楚显示了通过结合到GlyT1转运蛋白上的未标记药物可以减少它们与GlyT-1转运蛋白的结合。
本发明化合物是可以帮助诊断中枢神经系统障碍例如神经分裂症、认知损伤和阿尔茨海默病的诊断工具。
式I化合物可以用药用惰性无机或有机载体加工以制备药物制剂。
剂量可以在宽的限制内变化,当然,在每种特别情况中需要根据个体的需要进行调整。
放射性标记的抑制剂优选静脉内施用。
注射溶液剂可以具有以下组成:
式(I)化合物 | 1mg |
1n HCl | 20μL |
乙酸 | 0.5mg |
NaCl | 8mg |
苯酚 | 10mg |
1n NaOH | 适量调节至pH 5 |
H2O | 适量调节至1mL |
以下实施例举例说明本发明,但不旨在限制其范围。
实施例1
[3H-甲基]-[5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮
a)步骤1
2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯甲酸
将36.0g(316mmol)(S)-1,1,1-三氟-丙-2-醇(CAS:3539-97-7)加入至冷的(0至5℃)17.0g(425mmol)NaH(实际为60%)的200mL二烷悬浮液中。将悬浮液在室温下搅拌0.5小时,然后冷却(0至5℃),并且加入20.0g(143mmol)2-氟-苯甲酸的100mL二烷溶液。将混合物在室温下搅拌0.5小时并且回流140小时。将混合物倾倒入800mL水中,用300mL MTBE洗涤,然后用盐酸酸化至pH 2,并且将产物用MTBE萃取。将溶剂真空浓缩,并且将残留物在乙醇/水中结晶,得到27.3g(82%)标题化合物,为白色固体。MS(m/e):234.1[M]+。
b)步骤2
[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-[2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-
乙氧基)-苯基]-甲酮
在室温、氩气下,在0.9g(3.8mmol)2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯甲酸的9mL DMF溶液中加入1.4g(4.2mmol)TBTU、3.3mL(19.2mmol)N-乙基二异丙基胺,最后加入0.8g(3.8mmol)5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚(CAS:905274-50-2)。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将溶剂真空除去。将残余物溶于乙酸乙酯中。将溶液用水洗涤两次,并且用饱和NaHCO3溶液洗涤两次,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且真空浓缩。将粗油状物用快速硅胶柱色谱纯化,用庚烷和乙酸乙酯形成的梯度洗脱,得到1.5g(93%)标题化合物,为黄色油状物。MS(m/e):420.2[M+H]+。
c)步骤3
3-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-羰基]-4-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲
基-乙氧基)-苯磺酰氯
将0.2g(0.47mmol)[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-[2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-甲酮的2mL 1,2-二氯乙烷溶液在冰浴冷却下滴加至0.32mL(4.7mmol)氯磺酸中。将混合物在室温下搅拌30分钟,然后在55℃下搅拌30分钟。将混合物在冰浴中冷却,并且通过滴加2mL水猝灭。将混合物用二氯甲烷稀释。将有机层分离,并且将水层用二氯甲烷萃取两次。将合并的二氯甲烷萃取物经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且真空浓缩。将获得的泡沫状物用乙酸乙酯搅拌。将固体过滤。将滤液用NaHCO3饱和溶液洗涤两次,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且真空浓缩,得到0.12g(51%)标题化合物,为淡黄色泡沫状物。MS(m/e):517.1[M]+。
d)步骤4
3-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-羰基]-4-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲
基-乙氧基)-苯亚磺酸钠盐
将1.15g(8.94mmol)Na2SO3和1.70g(9.60mmol)Na2HPO4水合物溶于13mL水中。加入2.40g(4.63mmol)3-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-羰基]-4-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯磺酰氯的乙醇溶液。将反应混合物在35至40℃下搅拌1小时,然后在室温下过夜。加入1.3gSpeedex,将反应混合物过滤并且将滤液蒸发。将粗产物用柠檬酸/NaCl水溶液处理,然后用MTBE/THF 1∶1萃取。将有机溶剂蒸发,并且将残留物溶于MeOH/水(2∶1)中,并且用800mg(9.52mmol)NaHCO3处理。加入1g Speedex,并且将反应混合物过滤并且真空浓缩。将残留物通过应用反相柱(RP-18,水/甲醇)进行色谱纯化,得到1.12g(48%)标题化合物,为白色泡沫状物。MS(m/e):484.3[M+H]+。
e)步骤5
[
3
H-甲基]-[5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-[5-(四
氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮
将0.16mg(1.2μmol)LiI加入至50mCi(0.15mg,0.6μmol)[3H]间硝基苯磺酸甲酯(methyl nosylate)的0.2mL DMF溶液中。将反应混合物在密闭小瓶中在20℃下搅拌3小时后,加入0.6mg(1.4μmol)3-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-羰基]-4-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯亚磺酸钠盐和1.0mg(3.1μmol)碳酸铯,并且在20℃下继续搅拌2小时。将反应混合物用水和盐水处理,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机溶剂蒸发后,将产生的粗产物通过柱色谱(二氧化硅,乙酸乙酯/庚烷4∶1)纯化,得到23.9mCi(48%)氚标记的标题化合物,其比活度为74Ci/mmol(根据MS分析)。放射-HPLC分析表明放射化学纯度>99%。
实施例2
[11C-甲基]-[5-甲磺酰基-2-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮
将3-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-羰基]-4-((S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基-乙氧基)-苯亚磺酸钠盐(1mg,2μmol)溶于100μL二甲基甲酰胺中。将小瓶密封,将溶液振摇1分钟并且注入至Bioscan AutoLoop系统中,并用氩气冲洗5秒钟(30mL/min)。在氦气流(30mL/min)中,将[11C]碘甲烷(根据Larsen,P.,Ulin,J.,Dahlstrom,K.J.Label.Compds.Radiopharm.37,73-75,1995制备)转移至Bioscan Autoloop(Bioscan Inc,Washington,DC)中。将[11C]碘甲烷置于AutoLoop中3.5分钟,然后将气流停止。4.5分钟后,将反应混合物自动转移至半制备HPLC中并且处理如下。将产物收集到储压器(pressure reservoir)中,用50mL水稀释,然后上样至Waters C-18SepPak Plus(参见以下分析和制备HPLC条件)中。将含有纯的标题化合物的SepPak用10mL生理盐水洗涤,然后将产物用1mL无水乙醇洗脱,接着用10mL生理盐水,通过0.22微米滤器灭菌至含有4mL生理盐水的无菌、无热原小瓶中。
HPLC条件:分析:Onyx C184.6×100mm,35∶65MeCN∶H2O TEA,pH 7.2,3mL/min;制备:XTerra C185μ19×100mm,40∶60MeCN∶H2O0.1M甲酸铵,18mL/min。
实施例3
[3H-甲基]-(2-异丙氧基-5-甲磺酰基-苯基)-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮
a)步骤1
2-异丙氧基-5-(2-三甲基硅烷基-乙磺酰基)-苯甲酸
在搅拌的-70℃的0.26g(1mmol)2-异丙氧基-5-甲磺酰基-苯甲酸(CAS:845616-02-6)和0.75mL(5mmol)TMEDA的2.6mL THF悬浮液中滴加入LDA溶液(由1.3mL(2.1mmol)1.6M正丁基锂的己烷溶液和在2.5mL THF中的0.3mL(2.1mmol)二异丙基胺在0℃下制备)。将淡黄色悬浮液在-70℃下搅拌30分钟。历经5分钟,滴加0.19mL(1.3mmol)(碘甲基)三甲基硅烷的0.5mL THF溶液。将黄色悬浮液在-70℃下搅拌15分钟,然后温至室温。将淡黄色溶液在室温下搅拌1小时,然后用5mL盐水猝灭。将混合物用5mL水稀释。将混合物真空浓缩。将水层用HCl1N小心酸化,并且用二氯甲烷萃取3次。将合并的萃取物经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且真空浓缩。将粗品用快速硅胶柱色谱纯化,用庚烷和乙酸乙酯形成的梯度洗脱,得到0.21g(63%)标题化合物,为黄色油状物。MS(m/e):343.0[M-H]+。
b)步骤2
[2-异丙氧基-5-(2-三甲基硅烷基-乙磺酰基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡
喃-4-
基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮
与实施例1步骤2中所述的合成方法类似,标题化合物由5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚(CAS:905274-50-2)和2-异丙氧基-5-(2-三甲基硅烷基-乙磺酰基)-苯甲酸制备。MS(m/e):529.3[M]+。
c)步骤3
4-异丙氧基-3-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-羰基]-苯亚磺酸
钠盐
将1.40g(2.64mmol)[2-异丙氧基-5-(2-三甲基硅烷基-乙磺酰基)-苯基]-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮溶于14mL THF中,并且在60℃下用4.0mL(4.0mmol)的1M TBAF的THF溶液处理3.5小时。将反应混合物倾倒在柠檬酸/NaCl水溶液中,然后用MTBE/THF 1∶1萃取。将有机溶剂蒸发,将残留物溶于MeOH/水(3∶1)中,并且用600mgNaHCO3处理。蒸发后,将残留物在反相柱(RP-18,水/甲醇)上进行色谱纯化,得到0.66g(55%)标题化合物,为白色泡沫状物。MS(m/e):430.2[M+H]+。
d)步骤4
[
3
H-甲基]-(2-异丙氧基-5-甲磺酰基-苯基)-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢
-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮
将0.16mg(1.2μmol)LiI加入至50mCi(0.15mg,0.6μmol)[3H]间硝基苯磺酸甲酯的0.2mL DMF溶液中。将反应混合物在密闭小瓶中在20℃下搅拌3小时后,加入0.6mg(1.3μmol)4-异丙氧基-3-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-羰基]-苯亚磺酸钠盐和1.0mg(3.1μmol)碳酸铯,并且在20℃下继续搅拌2小时。将反应混合物用水和盐水处理,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机溶剂蒸发后,将产生的粗产物通过柱色谱(二氧化硅,乙酸乙酯/庚烷4∶1)纯化,得到29.2mCi(59%)氚标记的标题化合物,其比活度为74Ci/mmol(根据MS分析)。放射-HPLC分析表明,放射化学纯度>99%。
实施例4
[11C-甲基]-(2-异丙氧基-5-甲磺酰基-苯基)-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基]-甲酮
与实施例2所述的合成方法类似,标题化合物由4-异丙氧基-3-[5-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-羰基]-苯亚磺酸钠盐和[11C]碘甲烷制备。
Claims (13)
6.权利要求1-5中任一项的式I化合物,其用作GlyT1示踪剂。
7.权利要求1-5中任一项的式I化合物,其用于GlyT1结合研究。
8.权利要求1-5中任一项的式I化合物,其用作PET示踪剂。
9.权利要求1-5中任一项的式I化合物,其用于哺乳动物脑中GlyT1的诊断成象。
10.GlyT1转运蛋白的诊断成象的方法,该方法包括给哺乳动物施用有效量的权利要求1-5中任一项定义的化合物。
11.检测哺乳动物组织中GlyT1功能性的方法,该方法包括给需要该检测的哺乳动物施用有效量的权利要求1-5中任一项定义的化合物。
12.权利要求1-5中任一项定义的化合物在制备用于哺乳动物脑中GlyT1诊断成象的组合物中的用途。
13.药物组合物,该药物组合物包含权利要求1-5中任一项要求的化合物和可药用赋形剂。
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