CN1021817C - 新型聚胺衍生物的制备方法 - Google Patents

新型聚胺衍生物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1021817C
CN1021817C CN88100500A CN88100500A CN1021817C CN 1021817 C CN1021817 C CN 1021817C CN 88100500 A CN88100500 A CN 88100500A CN 88100500 A CN88100500 A CN 88100500A CN 1021817 C CN1021817 C CN 1021817C
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phenyl
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斯蒂莫里克·戴维·M
比通蒂·阿兰·J
爱德华·米歇尔·L
麦肯·彼得·P
斯约尔德斯马·阿尔伯特
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Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及某种聚胺衍生物,其制备方法及用于制备它们的中间产物,并涉及应用它们治疗由各种寄生原生动物传染所引起的疾病。

Description

本发明涉及某些聚胺衍生物,其制备方法及用于制备它们的中间产物,并涉及应用它们治疗由各种寄生原生动物传染所引起的疾病。
更具体地说,本发明涉及各种由寄生原生动物传染热血动物所引起的各种疾病的治疗方法,对这些疾病宿主施用药物的疗法以及抗原生动物量下式所示的聚胺衍生物及其药用盐,
RHN(CH2)nNH(CH2)mNH(CH2)nNHRⅠ式中n为整数2至6,m为整数3至12,而R为C1-6饱和或不饱和烃基或-(CH2)x-(Ar)-X,这里的X为0,1或2,Ar为苯基或萘基,X为H,C1-6烷氧基,卤素,C1-4烷基,-S(O)xR1,此处R1为C1-6烷基,对受传染的动物施用药物可以或无需使用乌氨酸或精氨酸脱羧酶抑制剂进行联合治疗。
在R为饱和烃基的情况下,这些化合物包括那些含有高达6个碳的直链,支链或环化烷基,以叔丁基和环己基为佳,当R为不饱和烃基时,其中包括含有一个或两个双键的基团和那些具备一个三键的基团,作为代表,以诸如-CH2CH=CH2-,-CH2CH2CH=CH2,-CH2C≡CH,-CH2CH=C=CH2之类的基团为佳。视具体情况而论,这些基团或可带有一个苯基或萘基,例如φCH=CHCH2-。在由组成部分(CH2)n确定的情况下(其中n为2至6),这些组成部分包括直链和支链的含有多达6个碳原子的烷基,作为直链亚烷基部分,以亚乙基,亚丙基,和亚丁基为佳,尽管它们也可以是支链组成部分。在由组成部分(CH2)m确定的情况下,其中包括含有多达12个碳原子的直链,支链亚烷基,以含有5,6,7,8或9个碳原子的组成部分为佳(以直链为佳)。在由-(CH2)x-(Ar)-X确定的情况下,可取的是X为1或2,Ar为未被取代的苯基或萘基,而在Ar为被取代的苯基或萘基时,可取的是烷氧基为甲氧基或乙氧基,卤素为氯,烷基为甲基,乙基或叔丁基,当Ar中的取代基为S(O)nR1时,R1以甲基,乙基或叔丁基为佳,n以0,1或2为佳。在任何一种特定的由式Ⅰ确定的化合物存在情况下,其结构均以对称为佳。例如,对每一个单独的化合物来说,以每个端基R均为相同的为佳,且以每个(CH2)n组成部分相同为佳。
为了便于讨论与描述本申请中的概念,适宜采用特定的省略形式表示化合物的定属或类型。例如,结构为ΦCH2NH(CH23NH(CH23)NH(CH23NHCH2Φ的化合物1,18-二[(苯)甲基]-1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷,其简化式表示为BnNH(3)(NH(8)NH(3)NHBn,(Bn为苄基),也可表示为二-苄基-3-8-3化合物,其中的氮原子是显而易见的。这种表示法可用于独立的不对称化合物如可表示为N-苄基-N′-苯乙基-3-8-4。
一般说来,式Ⅰ化合物可通过与先有技术中已知的技术相类似的化学反应而制得,任何具体的制备途径的选择都将取决于许多因素。例如,反应物的总可用性和费用,生成特定化合物的特定广义反应的应用性,不饱和烃基的存在等等,都是本领域一般技术人员所熟知的因素并且都对选择式Ⅰ所示 任何具体化合物的制备方法产生一定的影响。
基于上述考虑,下列反应示意图描述了制备本发明化合物的途径。
反应图示A
式中R′的定义如式Ⅰ中的R,所不同的是当R为X-(Ar)-(CH2)x时,X不能为零,Boc为叔丁氧羰基保护基团,而Q为叔丁基。
在上述五步法中,初始步骤导致特定的N-烷基化从而得到其中n为3的化合物,而该化合物又致使二胺(其中的m一般如式Ⅰ中所定义)与2当量丙烯腈反应,可根据本领域熟知的标准条件,可通过加热反应物,于适宜的溶剂中或纯态条件下完成这一反应。根据本领域中公知的标准步骤,在适宜的溶剂与8当量氢氯酸或氢溴酸中及在催化剂(PtO2)存在下,可通过与氢反应还原所得到的氰基衍生物(2),从而得到氢卤酸盐。当然其它还原体系,如用氢化铝锂还原,也可用来生产式3化合物。制得这些化合物后,可用碱中和氢卤酸盐并将氮原子保护起来,根据标准操作条件,这一保护步骤以采用草酸二叔丁酯为佳。按照本领域公知的标准烷基化方法,于丁醇钾存在下通过反应可用适宜的烷基或烷基卤(氯或溴)使叔-N保护胺(5)进行烷基化。烷基化之后,于适宜的溶剂或溶剂体系如二乙醚/乙醇存在下,采用标准步骤,举例来说,用酸(以HCl为佳)进行处理可脱除N-保护基团,从而获得所需要的产物(6)。
另外,采用适宜的醛(不能带有烷基硫取代基的醛除外)可使式3化合物进行还原烷基化;按照公知的方法,该反应可在PtO2存在下通过加氢来完成。在进行该步骤时,不需要保护中间体的氮原子。这样,所需要的最终产物的终端氮原子上带有烷基硫取代基或不饱和烃基基,采用适宜的醛可使化合物3(及其同系物,即n为2,3或4)进行还原烷基化反应,但是按照标准工艺技术,还原是借助于氰基硼氢化钠来进行的,该还原烷基化也不需要保护中间产物的氮原子。
下列反应图示B是较好的制备其中n为4的式Ⅰ化合物的途径,但也同样适用于制备其中n为2至6的化合物以及与反应图示A中化合物(6)相似的化合物。
反应图示B
Figure 881005002_IMG2
式中n主要为4,但也可以是2至6,Boc为叔丁氧羰基氮保护基(以该基团为佳,但也可变为任何适宜的N-保护基),R′为X-(Ar)-(CH2)x其中x不为零),Ar′为X-取代的烷基或芳基(如式Ⅰ所定义),n′为零或正整数,Ms为甲磺酰基。
采用氨基醇(7)和适宜的醛,通过还原烷基化技术可引发该反应,从而生成其中N得到保护的被R′取代的氨基醇。采用标准反应条件,例如在吡啶存在下,最好是在溶剂如CH2Cl2存在下与甲磺酰基氯反应,可使N保护氨基醇(9)转化为其甲磺酸酯(10)。
选用叔丁醇钾/溶剂(DMF)通过标准步骤可使甲磺酰化了的化合物与保护二胺(即BocNH(CH2)mNHBoc)进行烷基化反应。制得的叔N被护叔胺(5)如示图A解除保护。前面进行的还原烷基化、N-保护,甲磺酰化,烷基化和解除保护各步骤所采用的工艺和反应条件实质上都是本领域公知的。
在需要制备其中n为2的化合物(Ⅰ)的情况下,最好按照反应示图C进行以获得必需的中间体(13),该中间体须经过上述示图A中的烷基化步骤。
反应示图C
Figure 881005002_IMG3
式中m如式Ⅰ所定义。
上述N-烷基化反应可引发适宜的二卤代烷与 过量的(10x)乙二胺(11)反应,该反应可在适宜的溶剂如乙醇中,于回流温度下通过加热反应物来完成。所需要的最终产物于中间产物(13)的终端氮原子上连有R取代基,正如反应图示A中交替讨论的那样,其制备可采用适宜的醛而无须N-保护基,通过还原烷基化步骤来进行,或者是通过与反应图示A所述步骤3,4和5相似的方法,使中间产物(13)被N-保护,烷基化,以及解除保护。
制备其中Ar代表苯乙基(或萘乙基),(尤其是其中n为3而m为8)的化合物的优选方法是按照下述反应图示D所述方法进行芳酰基氯的反应。
反应图式D
Figure 881005002_IMG4
式中Bn为苄基,Φ为苯基和LAH为氢化铝锂。如上所述,上面的反应为制备特定化合物的优选方法,该反应可引发局部得到保护的中间产物(14)与芳乙酰基氯(15)在三乙胺存在下通过使用惰性溶剂进行N-烷基化反应,从而生成酰胺(16),该酰胺经过还原,还原过程中以使用氢化铝锂为佳,还原产物(17)经过催化(H2,Pd/c)脱苄基反应生成所需要的目的产物。这些步骤中的反应工艺及方法都是本领域公知的和显而易见的。当然,相同的反应图式也可用于其它式Ⅰ化合物的制备;采用这种工艺技术能够很好地为本领域一般技术人员理解而一般不会引起误解。
当Ar代表直接连结在终端氮原子(即x为零)的芳基(X-苯基或X-萘基)时,则这类化合物可根据下述反应图示E中的总反应式来制备:
Figure 881005002_IMG5
反应图示E
上面的反应图示描述了其中Ar为苯基的化合物的制备方法,其中第一步是,根据先有技术公开的方法[Bul.Soc.Chim.Fr.,第2部分,165-7(1979)]所进行的氢化铝锂还原。当然,若进行进一步的阐述,该反应还可包括萘基和X-取代中间体,它们不受反应条件的不良影响。N-保护反应以使用叔丁氧羰基保护基团为佳,这些基团可按照上述一般工艺技术被加上和脱除。N-被护的化合物可通过采用公知方法并经过与适宜的二卤代烷反应而被烷基化。
在需要制备其中含不饱和烃基,即含炔基,丙二烯基,或烯丙基的化合物时,以采用下述反应图示F的技术为佳:
反应图式F
式中R3为适宜的不饱和烃基,Bn为苄基,MsCl为甲磺酰基氯而Boc为叔丁氧羰基保护基团。
在上述反应中,脱离了苄基的二胺(23)经过简单的取代反应被N-烷基化,从而生成化合物(24),该化合物随后又被苄化和N-保护。这些步骤可按照一般的公知方法进行。所得到的二(羧基)氨基烷烃(26)经甲磺酰化得到甲磺酰化物(27),其与两当量带有适宜不饱和烃基N-被护了的胺如N-(叔丁氧羰基)-2,3-丁间二烯基胺反应被烷基化。然后,如此制得的叔被护了的叔胺(29)很容易被脱除保护,从而得到所需要的化合 物(30)。
若需要将烷基硫取代基转化为其高氧化态,则须按照已知条件用过酸处理烷基硫醚。适宜的氧化剂为H2O2和NaIO4,但以间氯过苯甲酸为佳。在氧化过程中,使用1摩尔当量的亚磺酰衍生物(每个烷基硫醚部分),而使用2摩尔当量的过酸就会有磺酸衍生物生成。该氧化反应在约0℃至室温下于其自身对氧化反应呈惰性的溶剂中进行。溶剂以CH2Cl2,CHCl3,乙酸和乙酸乙酯为佳。
描述反应示图A的实施例
实施例1
1,18-二[(苯基)甲基]1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷·4HCl
步骤A·N,N′-双-[2,2′-二(氰基)乙基]-1,8-二氨基辛烷。将28.8gm(0.2摩尔)1,8-二氨基辛烷溶于250ml乙醇中。再加入27ml(0.41mol)丙烯腈并将该混合物在温和条件下回流过夜。然后于减压下脱除溶剂。分析结果表明所需物质的纯度大于95%。
步骤B·1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷四氢氯化物。由50.0gm实施例1的产物,2.0gmPtO2,133ml浓HCl和600mlAcoH所形成的混合物,用45lbs/sq·in的H2于一个搅拌烧瓶内处理,直至不再有氢气被吸收为止。过滤所得到的混合物,蒸除溶剂并用1升乙醇将产物磨碎。过滤并干燥产物可获得51.6gm标题化合物,Rf为0.17(硅胶板经过40%的浓NH3/CH3OH的洗脱)。
步骤C·1,5,14,18-四(叔丁氧羰基)-1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷。用120ml水中的10.99gm(0.274mol)NaoH处理28.0gm(0.069mol)步骤B的产物。当溶液呈均相时,可加入65.7gm(0.307mol)草酸二叔丁酯(于750ml四氢呋喃中),并将所形成的混合物搅拌16小时。分离出液层,移出水层并用500mlCH2Cl2洗涤(2X)。合并和干燥(MgSO4)有机物,过滤并蒸除(真空中)溶剂,用闪蒸色层法分离残余物(硅胶),然后用25%EtOAc/己烷洗脱便可得到30.2g所需要的产物。Rf为0.33(硅胶板经过25%EtOAc/己烷的洗脱)。
步骤D·1,18-二[(苯基)甲基]-1,5,14,18-四(叔丁氧羰基)-1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷。将20.0gm(0.03mol)步骤C的产物溶于30mlDMF并用7.5gm(0.067mol)KtBuO和7.96ml(0.067mol)BnBr处理,搅拌18小时。蒸除挥发性组份(0.5mm,45℃)并将所得到的残余物溶于1400mlEtOAc中,然后用水洗涤(2X,500ml)。干燥(MgSO4)有机层并蒸除溶剂(真空中)。于经过20%EtOAc/己烷洗脱的硅胶上进行闪蒸色层法分离可得到12.4gm(50%)呈清澈粘油状的所需产物。Rf为0.42(硅胶板经过25%EtOAc/己烷的洗脱)。
步骤E·1,18-二[(苯基)甲基]-1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷·4HCl。将12.4g(0.0147mol)步骤D的产物溶于14.7ml无水乙醇并用160ml2NEt2O中的HCl处理,同时搅拌过夜。过滤后,用Et2O洗涤滤饼,经干燥可获得7.2gm所需化合物,其熔点高于300℃。Rf为0.24(硅胶经过10%浓NH3/CH3OH的洗脱)。
实施例2
1,18-双(丁基)-1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷·4HCl
步骤A·1,18-双(丁基)-1,5,14,18-四(叔丁氧羰基)-1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷。使3.5gm(0.0053mol)实施例1步骤C的产物,2.7gm(0.024mol)KtBuO,2.57ml(0.024mol)处于10mlDMF中的1-碘丁烷相互混合,并将该混合物搅拌18小时。蒸除挥发性组份(0.5mm,45℃),将残渣溶于500mlEtOAc,用水洗涤有机层(2X100ml)并用MgSO4干燥有机层。蒸除溶剂并对残渣进行闪蒸色谱层离(硅胶经过20%EtOAc/己烷的洗脱)从而得到1.32gm标题化合物。Rf为0.36(硅胶板经过20%EtOAc/己烷的洗脱)。
步骤B.将1.32gm(0.0017mol)本实施例步骤A的产物溶于1.7mlEtOH,然后用17ml2N处于Et2O中的HCl处理,并将混合物搅拌过夜。过滤并用Et2O洗涤,自异丙醇/水中重结晶经过洗涤的物质。过滤并干燥结晶(P2O5,79℃,0.1mm),从而得到0.62gm标题化合物,熔点高于300℃。Rf为0.47(硅胶板经过20%浓NH3/CH3OH的洗脱)。
实施例2A
1,18-[(1-萘基)甲基]-1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷·四氢氯化物·半水合物
步骤A·将1.7g(9.6mmol)1-氯甲基萘与5ml六甲基磷酰胺(HMPA)所组成的溶液加至由1,5,14,18-四(叔丁氧羰基)-1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷(2.6g)与叔丁醇钾(1.07gm)于HMPA(50ml)中所形成的混合物。将该混合物于80℃的油浴中加热4小时后,倾至300ml水中,用醋酸乙酯(2X300ml)提取该含水混合物。将提取液合并后再用水(3X300ml)和食盐水(300ml)提取。干燥有机层,经过蒸发后,用4∶1的甲苯/乙酸乙酯洗脱过的闪蒸硅胶柱对残渣进行色谱层离,得到800mg1,18-双[(1-萘基)甲基]-1,5,14,18-四(叔丁氧羰基)1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷。
步骤B.将800mg步骤A的产物溶于甲醇(50ml),通入过量HCl气体,将所得的混合物于室温下搅拌过夜。过滤该混合物,真空干燥固体可得本实施例所需产物,熔点为262-264℃。
描述反应图示B的实施例
实施例3
1,20-双[(苯基)甲基]-1,6,15,20-四氮杂二十烷4HCl
步骤A·N,N′-双(叔丁氧羰基)-1,8-辛二胺
将10.8gm(0.075mol)二氨基辛烷溶于200mlCH2Cl2和100mlCH3OH中,加入32.7gm(0.156mol)草酸二叔丁酯,并将该混合物搅拌过夜。于真空下蒸除溶剂,使己烷中的残渣结晶,得到20.2gm所需化合物,熔点为96-97℃。
步骤B·4-[[(苯基)甲基]氨基]-丁-1-醇。
将4-氨基-丁-1-醇(8.9gm,0.1mol),苯甲醛(10.6gm-0.1mol),EtOH(100ml)和PtO2(0.3gm)混合,于45lbs./sq.in.速率下加氢处理该混合物直至H2不再被吸收为止。过滤后,(真空)蒸出溶剂,可得到17.7gm所需产物。Rf为0.70(硅胶经过10%浓NH3/CH3OH的洗脱)。
步骤C·4-[N-(叔丁氧羰基)N-[(苯基)甲基]-氨基]丁-1-醇。将步骤B中的丁醇(17.7g,0.1mol)与处于100mlCH2Cl2中的草酸二叔丁酯混合并搅拌该混合物过夜,于真空条件下蒸除溶剂,并用闪蒸色谱法层高残渣,用25%EtOAc/己烷洗脱硅胶后便可获得所需化合物。Rf为0.27(硅胶板经过20%EtOAc/己烷的洗脱)。
步骤D·4-[N-(叔丁氧羰基)-N-[(苯基)甲基]氨基]-1-甲磺酰基丁烷。(冰浴)冷却含有步骤C的产物(21.8gm,0.078mol),250mlCH2Cl2和9.7ml吡啶(0.12mol)的混合物,滴加(20分钟)处于6.6mlCH3Cl2中的甲磺酰氯(6.65ml,0.086mol),并将该混合物加热至室温,同时将混合物搅拌2小时。将所得到的混合物倾至200mlCH2Cl2中,用500ml0.5NHCl,饱和NaHCO3洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,经过(真空中)蒸除溶剂和闪蒸色谱层离(硅胶经过25%EtOAc/己烷的洗脱)可获得10.7g所需产物,Rf为0.36(硅胶板经过25%EtOAc/己烷的洗脱)。
步骤E·1,20-双[(苯基)甲基]-1,6,15,20-四(叔丁氧羰基)-1,6,15,20-四氮杂二十烷。将本实施例步骤D的产物(10.7g,0.032mol)和步骤A的产物(5.16gm,0.015mol),Kt-BuO(3.92gm)NaI(0.2gm),和60mlDMF混合在一起,于室温下将该混合物搅拌72小时。(于真空下)蒸除溶剂后,将残渣溶于600mlEtOAc并用200ml水洗涤(2X)。干燥(MgSO4)有机层,蒸除溶剂后,用经过20%EtOAt/己烷洗脱过的硅胶通过闪蒸色谱法层离粘性残渣,可获得所需产物,Rf为0.22(硅胶板经过20%EtOAc/己烷的洗脱)。
步骤F·1,20-双[(苯基)甲基]-1,6,15,20-四氮杂二十烷·4HCl。将步骤E的产物(4.7gm,0.0054mol)溶于5mlEtOH并用54ml2N处于Et2O中的HCl处理,将该混合物搅拌过夜,经过滤自异丙醇/水中重结晶得到固体。冷却、过滤并干燥该产物(P2O5,减压)可获得所需产物,熔点高于300℃,Rf为0.47(硅胶板经过20%浓NH3/CH3OH的洗脱)。
描述反应图示C的实施例
实施例4
1,4,13,16-四(叔丁氧羰基)-1,4,13,16-四氮杂十六烷
将4.75gm1,8-二溴辛烷(0.017mol),20mlEtOH和9.32ml乙二胺混合并将该混合物回流过夜。冷却后用1.4gmNaOH处理。蒸除溶剂并用CH2Cl2(100ml2X)将残渣粉化,然后过 滤。用66.6gm草酸二叔丁酯处理滤液并将混合物搅拌过夜。脱除溶剂后使残渣经过闪蒸色谱分离,经过用25%EtOAc/己烷的洗脱,可得到所需产物。Rf为0.64(硅胶经过50%EtOAc/己烷的洗脱)。
上述产物可进行双-N-烷基化反应,其产物可通过与实施例1的步骤D和E相似的方法消除保护从而得到所需要的分子式为R′HN(CH22N(CH28N(CH22NHR′的化合物,如1,16-双[(苯基)甲基]-1,4,13,16-四氮杂十六烷·4HCl。
描述反应图示D的实施例
实施例5
1,18-双[(2-苯基)乙基]-1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷·4HCl
步骤A,1,18-双[[(苯基)甲基]羰基]-5,14-双-[(苯基)甲基]-1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷。将由5,14-双[(苯基)甲基]-1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷(2.2g,5mmol)与三乙胺(2g,20mmol)于氯仿(100ml)中形成的溶液置于冰浴中急冷。滴加由苯乙酰氯(2.3g,15mmod)于氯仿(10ml)中所形成的溶液。撤除冰浴并于室温下将该混合物搅拌18小时。用含水碳酸氢钠萃取反应混合物,干燥有机层并蒸除其中的溶剂。用闪蒸硅胶柱(乙酸乙酯)色谱法分离残渣可得到3g所需产物,呈稠油状。
步骤B·将步骤A的产物于THF(150ml)中所形成的溶液滴加至LAH(0.5g)于THF(500ml)中所形成的悬浮液中。通过滴加1ml水,1ml15%NaOH然后是3ml水来分解过量的还原剂。过滤混合物并蒸除滤液中的溶剂,将残渣溶于乙醇(100ml)并通入无水HCl气体使产物1,18-双[(2-苯基)乙基]-5,14-双-[(苯基)甲基]-1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷转化为它的四氢氯酸盐。该产物处于乙醇(150ml)中,于一个Parr加氢装置中在Pearlman催化剂(0.3g)存在下以43Psig的速率被氢化24小时。滤除催化剂并蒸除滤液中的溶剂,残渣于2-丙醇中结晶后便可得到产物1,18-双[(2-苯基)乙基]-1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷四氢氯酸盐半水合物,熔点:223-231℃。
交替还原烷基化方法
实施例6
1,14-双[(苯基)甲基]-1,5,10,14-四氮杂十四烷·4HCl
使精胺(2.02gm),2.13ml苯甲醛,40mlEtOH和0.1gmPtO2混合,用H2(45lbs./sq.in.)处理该混合物直到H2不再被吸收为止。滤除催化剂,添加100ml1N处于EtOH中的HCl,加入水直至固体溶解为止,加入异丙醇直至溶液变得混浊为止。经冷却和过滤后,干燥所产生的固体,得到2.0g所需产物,mp≥290℃。Rf为0.50硅胶经过20%浓NH3/CH2OH的洗脱)。
实施例7
1,18-双[(4-甲硫苯基)甲基]-1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷·4HCl
将0.81gm实施例1的产物B,0.05gmNa2CO3,0.25gmNaBH3CN和0.53ml处于100mlCH3OH中的4-甲硫苯甲醛混合并于室温下搅拌该混合物过夜。将反应混合物倾至300mlCH2Cl2用100ml1NNaOH和100ml饱和NaCl洗涤,用MgSO4干燥后于真空中蒸除溶剂。将所获得的粗产品自EtOAc中重结晶出来,冷却,过滤并用10mlEtOH和30ml处于Et2O中的2NHCl处理,过滤并干燥所获得的固体可获得0.32gm所需产物。Rf为0.58(硅胶经过40%浓NH3/CH3OH的洗脱)。
描述反应图示E的实施例
实施例8
1,18-双(苯基)-1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷
步骤A·N-苯基-N,N′-双(叔丁氧羰基)丙二胺。将200ml无水Et2O置于冰水浴中冷却并加入氢化铝锂(8.74gm,0.23mol)。然后滴加处于50mlEt2O中的3-苯胺基丙腈(14.6gm)(历时30分钟),撤除冰浴,回流所得到的混合物过夜。随后加入8.7ml水,1.5gNaOH(于10ml水中)和25ml水。滤出沉淀,用200mlEt2O漂洗,于真空下脱除溶剂,并用43.6g草酸二叔丁酯于600mlCH2Cl2中处理所得之N-(苯基)丙二胺。搅拌过夜后,蒸除溶剂,采用闪蒸色谱法层离残渣,硅胶经17%EtOAc/己烷的洗脱可得到所需化合物。Rf为0.50(用25%EtOAc/己烷洗脱硅 胶)。
步骤B·1,18-双(苯基)-1,5,14,18-四(叔丁氧羰基)-1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷。搅拌含步骤A产物(13.0gm),二磺代辛烷(3.70gm)和4.14g叔丁醇钾于200mlDMF中的溶液约16小时。于0.5mm和45℃下蒸出溶剂,将残渣溶于800mlEtOAc。用300ml水洗涤(2X),干燥(MgSO4)并于真空下脱除溶剂。使获得的粘性油经过闪蒸色谱法层离,用15%EtOAc自硅胶上洗脱,得到5.7g所需产物。Rf为0.36(硅胶经过EtOAc/己烷的洗脱)。根据实施例1中步骤E的方法脱除N-boc保护基便可得到本实施例的标题化合物。熔点为264-267℃。
描述反应图示F的实施例
实施例9
1,18-双(2,3-丁间二烯基)-1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷四氢氯酸盐。
步骤A·N-(叔丁氧羰基)炔丙基胺。将25mlCH2Cl2中的炔丙基胺(25gm)滴加至正在搅拌着的由99.18gm草酸二叔丁酯与900mlCH2Cl2组成的混合物。2小时后于真空下脱除溶剂,可获得70gm所需N-被护的炔丙基胺。
步骤B·N-(叔丁氧羰基)-2,3-丁间二烯基胺。
将含N-(叔丁氧羰基)炔丙胺(70gm),93.5ml甲醛(32%),76.4二异丙胺,19.66gm溴化亚铜和860mlP-二噁烷的混合物回流12小时。冷却并用3000mlEt2O稀释所得之混合物,用500ml水,1000ml乙酸,500ml水(2X),200ml饱和氯化钠洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)并于真空中蒸除溶剂。以闪蒸色谱法分离残渣,用10%Et2O/己烷洗脱硅胶可得到40.8g所需化合物,Rf为0.31(用10%EtOAc/己烷洗脱硅胶)。
步骤C·N,N-双[(苯基)甲基]-1,8-二氨基辛烷。将14.4gm二氨基辛烷,20.3ml苯甲醛与0.66gmPt2O于100ml乙醇中混合。以45lbs./sq.in流速的氢处理所得到的混合物直至氢不再被吸收为止。过滤,于真空中蒸除溶剂,蒸馏分离上述经过提炼的物质从而获得25.5gm所需产物,沸点185-190℃(0.1mm)。
步骤D·1,1S-双(羧基)-5,14-双[(苯基)甲基]-5,14-二氮杂十八烷。使含25.5g步骤C的产物,13.2ml3-氯-1-羟基-丙烷,50.4cmNa2CO3和1.19gm磺化钠于40ml丁醇中的混合物回流18小时。冷却该混合物并将其倾至700ml乙酸乙酯之中,用水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥并(于真空下)脱除溶剂,得到的残渣经蒸馏分离产生30.0gm所需产物,沸点250-252℃(0.1mm)。
步骤E·1,18-双(羟基)-5,14-二氮杂十八烷。以45lbs./sq.in的氢气速加氢处理含3.0gm步骤D的产物,30mlAcoH和0.6gm氧化钯,直至不再有氢被吸收为止。过滤并(于真空下)脱除溶剂从而获得1.77gm所需产物,Rf=0.37(用10%浓NH3/CH3OH洗脱硅胶)。
步骤F·1,18-双(羟基)-5,14-双(叔丁氧羰基)-5,14-二氮杂十八烷。将含1.77gm步骤E的产物,2.97gm(0.0136mol)草酸二叔丁酯,3ml三乙胺和50mlCH2Cl2的混合物搅拌过夜。用200mlCH2Cl2稀释混合物,用200ml0.5NHCl洗涤,然后用100ml饱和NaCl洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)并(于真空下)脱除溶剂。采用闪蒸色谱法层离残渣,用75%EtOAc洗脱硅胶便可获得所需产物,Rf为0.29,(用75%EtOAc/己烷洗脱硅胶)。
步骤G·1,18-双(甲磺酰基)-5,14-双(叔丁氧羰基)-5,14-二氮杂十八烷。将含3.0gm步骤F的产物,3.3ml三乙胺和70mlCH2Cl2的混合物冷却至0℃。滴加1.22ml处于10mlCH2Cl2中的甲磺酰氯,于0℃下搅拌所得混合物1-1/2小时。将该混合物倾至100mlCH2Cl2中,先后用100ml1NAcoH,100ml水,100ml饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,用MgSO4干燥并于真空下脱除溶剂。用闪蒸色谱法层离残渣,用60%EtOAc/己烷洗脱硅胶可获得3.5gm所需产物。Rf=0.39。
步骤H·1,18-双(2,3-丁二烯基)-1,5,14,18-四-(叔丁氧羰基)-1,5,14,18-四氮杂十八烷。将3.5gm步骤G的产物,1.74gm磺化钠,0.51gm用己烷洗涤过的氢化钠(60%,于油中)于12mlDMF中所形成的混合物与2.16gmN-(叔丁氧羰基)-2,3-丁二烯基胺(即步骤B的产物)混合,并放置2小时。(于真空下)脱除溶剂,残渣中加入350ml乙酸乙酯,用 50ml水(4X),100ml饱和NaCl洗涤并用MgSO4干燥。于真空下脱除溶剂,用闪蒸色谱法分离残渣,用30%EtOAc/己烷洗脱硅胶可得到0.5gm所需产物,呈粘稠油状。Rf=0.39(用25%EtOAc/己烷洗脱硅胶)。
步骤I·1,18-双(2,3-丁二烯基)-1,5,14,18-四氨杂十八烷·4HCL。将0.5gm步骤H的产物溶于2mlEtOH,同时搅拌,用10ml2NHCl(于Et2O中)处理该混合物。将其搅拌过夜,过滤并(于真空中)干燥固体可获得0.22gm所需产物,熔点283-284℃(分解)。
可使用简略形式命名式Ⅰ所示化合物,行人注目的是下列特定化合物易于通过应用上述工艺方法和先有技术原理制备从而完成必要的改进:
RNH(CH3)nNH(CH2)mNH(CH2)nNHR
式中R为端基而R基团之间的部分为“聚胺部分”。
聚胺部分    端R基
3-8-3    双-甲基
3-8-3    双-乙基
3-8-3    双-丙基
3-8-3    双-丁基
3-8-3    双-叔丁基
3-8-3    双-苯基
3-8-3    双-萘基
3-8-3    双-[(苯基)甲基]
3-8-3    双-[(苯基)乙基]
3-8-3    双-[(萘基)甲基]
3-8-3    双-[(1-萘基)乙基]
3-8-3    双-[(4-氯苯基)甲基]
3-8-3    双-[(4-羟苯基)甲基]
3-8-3    双-[(4-甲氧苯基)甲基]
3-8-3    双-[(4-甲苯基)甲基]
3-8-3    双-[(4-甲基硫代)甲基]
3-8-3    双-[(4-甲基亚磺酰基)甲基]
3-8-3    双-[(4-甲磺酰基)甲基]
3-8-3    双-(乙炔基)
3-8-3    双-[2,3-丁二烯基]
3-8-3    双-烯丙基
3-8-3    双-丙二烯基
以及它们的2-8-2,4-8-4,5-8-5和6-8-6类似物,以及其中聚胺部分如下表具体表示的类似物。
聚胺部分
2-4-2    3-4-3    4-4-4    5-4-5    6-4-6
2-5-2    3-5-3    4-5-4    5-5-5    6-5-6
2-6-2    3-6-3    4-6-4    5-6-5    6-6-6
2-7-2    3-7-3    4-7-4    5-7-5    6-7-6
2-9-2    3-9-3    4-9-4    5-9-5    6-9-6
2-10-2    3-10-3    4-10-4    5-10-5    6-10-6
2-11-2    3-11-3    4-11-4    5-11-5    6-11-6
2-12-2    3-12-3    4-12-4    5-12-5    6-12-6
在实际应用中发现,本发明的化合物可用于治疗由原生动物感染所引起的疾病。在实际应用中还发现,使用鸟氨酸或精氨酸脱羧酶抑制剂进行联合治疗有助于有效地治疗症状特殊的疾病。
一般说来,本发明的化合物(I)可用来治疗由寄生于待治疗哺乳动物宿主的细胞内或细胞外的原生动物寄生虫所引起的各种疾病。这里所说的原生动物是按如下分类的寄生虫如疟原虫(例如,包括诸如间日疟原虫,三日疟原虫,孵形疟原虫)
恶性疟原虫,knowlesi,berghei,vinckei,chabaudi,gallinaceum和lophurae之类的种属),利什曼原虫属(例如,诸如杜诺凡氏利什曼原虫,热带利什曼原虫,巴西利什曼原虫和墨西哥利什曼原虫(mexicana)之类的种属),巴贝虫属(例如,诸如bovis,roclhaini和microti之类的种属),锥虫属(stercoraria纲)(例如,格(鲁斯)氐锥虫,应该注意的是该种属是A的一个实例。锥虫属在其聚胺的新陈代谢途径中利用了精氨酸脱羧酶,所以联合疗法可使用ADC抑制剂),弓形体离(例如,鼠弓形体)和秦(累尔)氐梨浆虫属(如小虾)。生存于血细胞之外的原生动物寄生虫包括(salivaria纲)锥虫属(例如,罗得西亚锥虫,鸦胆子属(brucei),evansi,equinum    equiperdum刚古锥虫(congolense),和vivax),毛滴虫属(例如,faginalis,foetus和gallinac),内阿米巴属(例如,溶组织内阿米巴和invadens),Penumocystis    carini,艾美球虫属(例如,禽艾美球虫,necatrix和munctti),贾第鞭毛虫属(如兰(伯)氐贾第鞭毛虫)和Cryptosporidia。
众所周知,所有上述原生动物都会使动物感染 并各自传染特定的疾病。因此,本发明的范围是使用化合物I治疗由上述原生动物引起的疾病,可以使用或无需使用适宜的鸟氨酸或精氨酸脱羧酶抑制剂进行联合治疗。需要采用新疗法治疗的重要的人类疾病有阿米巴病,疟疾,利什曼病,锥虫病,弓形体病,以及所谓偶然性传染病如Penumocystic    carinii。
众所周知,疟疾仍然是世界上使人类感染甚至致命的最重要的疾病。即使是今天,仍然急需一种实用,有效和安全的药物抵御这一原生动物传染病,这是因为尽管在治疗疟疾方面取得了显著进展,而疟疾的传播在加快、疟原虫属恶性疟原虫的多抗药性菌株在传播,这种最危险的和流行性疟原虫种属的抗药程度在增强。根据确切的报道,仅在非洲每年就有2亿人患疟疾并且一百多万人死于该病,而且众所周知,出入于这些地区则使得健康问题日益严重。因此,本发明特别重要的一个方面是使用鸟氨酸脱羧酶抑制剂明显地以联合治疗法提高本发明化合物I治疗疟疾的疗效,疟疾种类包括(但并不仅限于此)间日疟和卵形疟,恶性疟(包括脑型疟),三日疟,和黑水热及寒冷型疟。
根据公知的标准化验方法(于试管内和体内)测评治疗原生动物传杂病的疗效结果,以及通过与公知的抗原生动物剂(如氯喹)相比较,发现每天使用剂量大约为1-100mg/kg体重的化合物I可有效地治疗原生动物引起的疾病。若以非肠道方式给药其剂量以大约10-30mg/kg为佳,而若以肠道方式给药则剂量以非肠道给药剂量的3-5倍为佳。在治疗初期,每天用药以3次为佳,3天后每天用药一次,直至化验分析结果表明痊愈为止。给药方法以肌内注射为佳。
尽管可以使用其它公知的ODC抑制剂,但适宜的鸟氨酸脱羧酶抑制剂为诸如α-二氟甲基鸟氨酸,和α-氟甲基鸟氨酸之类的化合物。适宜的精氨酸脱羧酶抑制剂为-或二氟甲基精氨酸化合物;对于本领域技术人员来说,ODC和ADC抑制剂是公知的和易得的。若有任何特殊的原生动物在其聚胺新陈代谢过程中利用了精氨酸脱羧酶,那么从逻辑上讲在进行联合治疗时必然要使用ADC抑制剂;与此相似,若感染性原生动物在其聚胺新陈代谢过程中利用了鸟氨酸脱羧酶,那么在进行联合治疗时须使用ODC抑制剂,若每天所使用的ODC和ADC抑制剂约为50-500mg/kg体重,则根据推断可知,一般情况下,体重70kg的患者需用量约为10-20gm。在联合疗法中,抑制剂须在治疗初期与新型聚胺I一同使用以便在整个治疗过程中保持适宜的血液标准。依据护理诊断医师对就医患者病情的诊断,最好是将ODC或ADC抑制剂注射入肌内或是配制成适宜饮用的溶液。在实践中,抗原生动物聚胺和鸟氨酸或精氨酸脱羧酶抑制剂不能以一种药用制剂的形式给药,这些组分最好以各自独立的实体共同给药。例如,每天最好是将聚胺I分为三等份给药,而脱羧酶抑制剂的给药以每天两次为佳。治疗中重要的一点在于这两种药物彼此协同使用。使用聚胺(II)治疗疾病最有效的方式是借助于适宜的脱羧酶抑制剂进行联合治疗。
适宜的非肠道和肠道给药配方可采用本领域公知的方法制备,如制备适合进行肌内注射的生理上可接受的无菌溶液。
正如包含一般种类化合物的本领域药物发明中的公知内容那样,某些亚属和特定的化合物在其目的应用方面要比该种属中其它化合物更为有效。在本发明中,以那些具有C6-9中心亚烷基链的化合物为佳,尤以C6,C7和C8亚烷基链为佳。其他优选化合物包括那些其中心亚烷基链两侧的亚烷基链含有2,3或4个碳原子(以3个碳原子为佳)的化合物。因此,最可取的化合物中的聚胺部分的结构为3-6-3,3-7-3,3-8-3,3-9-3,2-6-3,2-7-2,2-8-2,2-9-2,4-6-4,4-7-4,4-8-4或4-9-4,其中又以3-6-3,3-7-3,3-8-3和3-9-3为佳,以3-7-3和3-6-3为最佳。优选的端R基为苄基,优选化合物为双苄基。总之,以对称化合物为佳,最好是双-苄基-3-7-3。当R为烷基时,以甲基或乙基为佳,或以双-二甲基或双-二乙基为佳。
最为可取的鸟氨酸脱羧酶抑制剂为α-二氟甲基鸟氨酸,而最好的精氨酸为α-二氟甲基精氨酸。

Claims (3)

1、一种制备下式化合物及其盐类的方法,
RHN(CH2)nNH(CH2)mNH(CH2)nNHR
式中n为整数2-6,m为整数7,R为C1-C6烷基或-(CH2)x-(Ar)-X,此处x=0,1或2,Ar为苯基,而X为H,该方法包括:
(a)用适宜的卤代芳烷、卤代烷、芳基卤,或芳烷基使适宜的叔胺发生N-末端烷基化,或
(b)用适宜的醛使适宜的二氰基叔胺发生N-末端还原烷基化反应,或
(c)用适宜的烷氧基化的氨基使适宜的二胺发生N-末端烷基化反应,或
(d)用适宜的二烷氧基化的二氨基使适宜的胺发生N-末端烷基化反应,或
(e)用适宜的二卤代烷使适宜的二胺发生N-末端烷基化反应。
2、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中所制备的化合物为N,N′-双[3-[(苯甲基)氨基]丙基]-1,7-庚二胺。
3、按照权利要求2所述的方法,其中的化合物通过用(溴甲基)苯使N-N′-双[3-[(氨基)丙基]-1,7]-庚二胺发生N-末端烷基化反应而制得。
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NO166362B (no) 1991-04-02
NO880452D0 (no) 1988-02-02
JPS63222149A (ja) 1988-09-16
NO880452L (no) 1988-08-04
HU202188B (en) 1991-02-28
IL85247A0 (en) 1988-07-31
NO166362C (no) 1991-07-10
AU1090288A (en) 1988-08-11
CN88100500A (zh) 1988-09-07
HUT50315A (en) 1990-01-29
PT86687A (pt) 1988-03-01
DK52388D0 (da) 1988-02-02
FI880469A (fi) 1988-08-04
DK52388A (da) 1988-08-04
IE880285L (en) 1988-08-03
EP0277635A2 (en) 1988-08-10
AR246093A1 (es) 1994-03-30
FI880469A0 (fi) 1988-02-02
FI108030B (fi) 2001-11-15
NZ223340A (en) 1991-03-26
DE3886784D1 (de) 1994-02-17
EP0277635B1 (en) 1994-01-05
PH30970A (en) 1997-12-23
EP0277635A3 (en) 1989-07-19
ZA88600B (en) 1988-07-28
IE61496B1 (en) 1994-11-02
ATE99668T1 (de) 1994-01-15
IL85247A (en) 1992-03-29
DE3886784T2 (de) 1994-05-05
HU210205A9 (en) 1995-02-28
AU602186B2 (en) 1990-10-04
PT86687B (pt) 1992-04-30
CA1338764C (en) 1996-12-03
JP2556720B2 (ja) 1996-11-20
KR880009903A (ko) 1988-10-05
DK174418B1 (da) 2003-02-17
KR960006551B1 (ko) 1996-05-17
ES2061528T3 (es) 1994-12-16

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