CN102064671A - 对混合电动车的功率变换器的冷却进行控制的方法 - Google Patents
对混合电动车的功率变换器的冷却进行控制的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种对用于冷却混合电动车的功率变换器的冷却系统进行控制的方法,包括:将发生CAN通信错误时功率变换器的温度估计为功率变换器的当前温度,并且将冷却系统控制在基于所估计的温度的冷却速率;以及取决于功率变换器的输出是否大于基准值来对冷却系统的冷却速率进行控制。根据该方法,可以更有效地控制冷却系统。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及一种对用于冷却混合电动车的功率变换器的冷却系统进行控制的方法。更特别地,本发明涉及一种在功率变换器中发生控制器局域网(CAN)通信错误的情况下,通过基于功率变换器的状态对功率变换器的温度进行估计,来对用于冷却混合电动车的功率变换器的冷却系统进行控制的方法。
背景技术
混合动力车由内燃机和电动机驱动,从而减少废气并改善整体燃料效率。
参考图4描述并联式混合电动车的传动系系统。
发动机10、电动机12和自动变速器14直接连接到驱动轴16上,离合器18布置于发动机10和电动机12之间,并且能够由电池控制器22充电和放电的高压电池20通过逆变器24连接到电动机12。
此外,12V辅助电池26通过DC-DC变换器28(下文中称为“LDC”)连接到电池20和逆变器24之间的连接线路。
此外,设置冷却系统30(例如冷却风扇或水泵)和冷却系统控制器32,以冷却构成混合功率变换器的逆变器24和LDC 28。
此处,电池控制器22、逆变器24、LDC 28和冷却系统控制器32通过用作信号接口的控制器局域网(CAN)通信线路36彼此连接。
因此,电池控制器22、逆变器24、LDC 28和冷却系统控制器32可以通过CAN通信彼此发送和接收信息。如图2的流程图所示,冷却系统控制器32通过CAN通信接收各混合系统的温度信息,并基于该信息来控制冷却系统30的工作。
如此,代替交流发电机,用于对12V辅助电池进行充电并控制对电子电路的供电的LDC 28以及用于控制驱动车辆的电动机的逆变器24设置在混合电动车中。LDC 28和逆变器24,即混合功率变换器,包括用来测量内部温度的温度传感器(未示出)。所测量的温度数据通过CAN通信被发送给用于控制冷却系统30的冷却系统控制器32。
在正常状态下,混合功率变换器通过CAN通信将温度传感器的信息发送给冷却系统控制器,并且冷却系统控制器通过基于接收到的各功率变换器的温度确定冷却速率来控制冷却系统。
然而,在功率变换器中发生CAN通信错误的情况下,由功率变换器中的温度传感器检测到的温度信息不能通过CAN通信线路得到发送,由此冷却系统控制器不能接收到温度信息。结果,不能为功率变换器提供过温保护。
即,用来控制冷却系统的冷却系统控制器将冷却系统的工作设置在最大水平,以防止功率变换器在发生CAN通信错误的情况下过热。然而,由于显著地增大了冷却系统的工作噪声并导致了冷却系统不必要的功率消耗,这样的策略是有问题的。
换言之,在混合功率变换器中发生CAN通信错误的情况下,冷却系统控制器将冷却系统(例如冷却风扇或水泵)控制在最大容量,以允许冷却系统冷却功率变换器而不管各功率变换器的实际温度如何。这种冷却逻辑导致冷却系统中的过多噪声并降低冷却系统的耐久性和效率。
本背景技术部分中公开的上述信息只是为了增强对本发明的背景的理解,并且因此可能包含不构成在该国对本领域普通技术人员而言已知的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
在一个方面中,本发明提供了一种对用于冷却混合电动车的功率变换器的冷却系统进行控制的方法。将发生CAN通信错误时功率变换器的温度估计为功率变换器的当前温度,并且基于所估计的温度来控制冷却系统。确定功率变换器产生的输出是否大于最小工作输出水平。此处,最小工作输出水平可以是执行过温保护逻辑的基准值。如果确定功率变换器的输出大于最小工作输出水平,则意味着功率变换器实际所需的冷却速率不是不充足的。在这种情况下,将冷却系统的冷却速率控制到低一梯级的水平。另一方面,如果确定功率变换器的输出不大于最小工作输出水平,则意味着功率变换器实际所需的冷却速率是不充足的。在这种情况下,将冷却系统的冷却速率控制到高一梯级的水平。
优选地,过温保护逻辑可以用功率变换器的内部温度传感器检测过温。如果检测到过温,则逻辑可以通过将功率变换器的输出限制到低于最小工作输出值,来适当地降低功率变换器的温度。
适当地,在过温保护逻辑由于功率变换器的温度返回到正常工作水平而结束时,可以降低冷却系统的冷却速率。
应该理解的是,本文中使用的术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或其它类似术语包括一般的机动车辆(诸如包括运动型多功能车(SUV)、公共汽车、卡车、各种商用车辆在内的客车)、包括各种艇和船在内的水运工具、飞行器等,并且包括混合动力车辆、电动车辆、插电式混合电动车、氢动力车以及其它代用燃料车(例如从除石油以外的资源中取得的燃料)。如本文中所述,混合动力车是具有两个或更多个动力源的车辆,例如既有汽油动力又有电动力的车辆。
下文中将讨论本发明的上述及其它特征。
附图说明
现在将参考通过附图示出的本发明的某些示例性实施例来详细描述本发明的上述及其它特征,其中附图将在下文中仅通过例证的方式给出,并且因此并非对本发明进行限制,其中:
图1是示出根据本发明示例性实施例的对用于冷却混合电动车的功率变换器的冷却系统进行控制的方法的流程图;
图2是示出对用于冷却混合电动车的功率变换器的冷却系统进行控制的常规方法的流程图;
图3是示出对用于冷却混合电动车的功率变换器的冷却系统进行控制的常规方法的图;并且
图4是示出混合电动车的传动系系统的示意图。
附图中陈列的附图标记包括对下面进一步讨论的以下元件的引用:
10:发动机 12:电动机
14:自动变速器 16:驱动轴
18:离合器 20:电池
22:电池控制器 24:逆变器
26:12V辅助电池 28:DC-DC变换器
30:冷却系统 32:冷却系统控制器
36:CAN通信线路
应该理解的是,附图不一定要依比例,而是呈现出说明本发明的基本原理的各种优选特征的稍微简化的表示。本文中公开的本发明的特定设计特征,包括例如特定尺寸、方向、位置和形状,将部分地由期望的特定应用和使用环境来确定。
在附图中,附图标记在附图的七幅图中始终指代本发明的相同或等效部分。
具体实施方式
现在将在下文中详细参考本发明的各种实施例,其实例在附图中示出并在下面描述。虽然将结合示例性实施例来描述本发明,但应理解的是,本说明并非旨在将本发明限于那些示例性实施例。相反,本发明旨在不仅涵盖这些示例性实施例,而且涵盖可包括在所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围内的各种替代形式、改型、等效形式和其它实施例。
如上参考图4所述,混合电动车的传动系系统包括冷却系统30(例如冷却风扇或水泵)和冷却系统控制器32,以冷却构成混合功率变换器的逆变器24和LDC 28。逆变器24、LDC 28和冷却系统控制器32以及各种控制器(例如电池控制器)通过用作信号接口的CAN通信线路36彼此连接。
因此,以这样的方式对用来冷却功率变换器的冷却系统30进行控制:通过CAN通信线路36将功率变换器的温度信息发送给冷却系统控制器32,然后冷却系统控制器32基于温度信息控制冷却系统30提供冷却速率。
可以将功率变换器的温度信息和冷却系统的冷却速率分成预定数量的梯级,使得基于功率变换器的温度来控制冷却系统的冷却速率以冷却功率变换器。例如,如图3所示,可以将功率变换器的温度信息分成T1至T7的七个梯级,并且可以将基于温度信息的冷却速率分成梯级1至梯级7的七个梯级。
然而,在功率变换器中发生CAN通信错误的情况下,冷却系统控制器不能接收温度信息。为了解决该问题,其控制逻辑被配置成将冷却速率控制在特定水平即最高水平(T7,梯级7)。由于该类型的控制方法将冷却速率控制在最高水平而不管功率变换器的实际温度如何,所以消耗了过量的风扇负载,并且在风扇噪声和耐久性方面非常不利。
为此,本发明目的在于提供一种在功率变换器中发生CAN通信错误的情况下的更有效的冷却控制。
当然,在本发明中,当CAN通信正常进行时,冷却系统控制器接收功率变换器的温度信息,并基于该信息来控制冷却系统的冷却速率。
下面参考图1和3描述根据本发明的实施例的在CAN通信错误情况下对用于冷却功率变换器的冷却系统进行控制的方法。
参考图1,根据该方法,在CAN通信错误的情况下,通过利用冷却控制图(cooling control map),将发生CAN通信错误时的冷却温度估计为初始温度,并且使用该估计的温度来控制冷却系统(例如冷却风扇)。
例如,参考图3,如果在CAN通信错误时功率变换器的温度是T4并且与温度T4相应的冷却系统(例如冷却风扇)的冷却速率是梯级4,则冷却系统控制器将与作为CAN通信错误时的当前冷却速率的梯级4相对应的温度T4估计为初始温度(即功率变换器的当前温度),并控制冷却风扇的速度以维持与该初始温度相应的冷却速率梯级4。
同时,如果在各功率变换器的温度由于功率变换器实际所需的冷却速率的降低而升高时相应功率变换器的内部温度传感器检测到过温状况,则使分立的过温保护逻辑运行,并且功率变换器的输出(例如电压、电流和电功率)由过温保护逻辑限制到预定基准值或更低,以降低功率变换器的温度。
由于功率变换器和冷却系统控制器都在线路中连接到12V辅助电池,所以冷却系统控制器可以检测到功率变换器的输出由过温保护逻辑改变。
在这种情况下,当功率变换器产生比过温保护逻辑的基准值(即最小工作输出)更大的输出(例如电压、电流和电功率)时,可以确定功率变换器实际所需的冷却速率不是不充足的,在这种情况下冷却系统控制器将冷却风扇的速度控制到低一梯级的水平。
即,冷却风扇的速度被控制到比这样估计的初始温度(即基于功率变换器当前温度的冷却速率)低一梯级的水平,以减小冷却风扇的噪声和功率消耗。
相反,当功率变换器产生比过温保护逻辑的基准值(即最小工作输出)更小的输出(例如电压、电流和电功率)时,可以确定功率变换器实际所需的冷却速率是不充足的,在这种情况下冷却系统控制器将冷却风扇的速度控制到高一梯级的水平,从而快速冷却功率变换器。
即,当确定出功率变换器的输出小于基准值时,功率变换器的温度被估计为与从当前冷却速率增加一梯级的值相对应的温度,从而允许冷却系统快速执行冷却工作。
此处,当在冷却风扇的速度被控制到高一梯级的水平以冷却功率变换器之后过温保护逻辑由于功率变换器的温度返回到正常工作水平而结束时,如果功率变换器的输出被维持在正常范围内预定时间或更长,则降低冷却速率,以这种方式可以在各种状况下灵活地控制冷却风扇。
根据本发明,通过估计功率变换器的当前温度以提供基于所估计的温度的冷却速率,并且根据功率变换器的过热保护逻辑检测输出值以增大或降低冷却速率,可以防止功率变换器在CAN通信错误的情况下过热。
特别地,在功率变换器(例如逆变器和DC-DC变换器)中发生CAN通信错误的情况下,可以通过基于功率变换器的输出(例如电压、电流和电功率)检测过温状态以基于检测到的状态来控制冷却速率,而不是通过将冷却系统的冷却速率控制到最大水平,来减小冷却系统(例如冷却风扇)的噪声和功率消耗并改善冷却系统的耐久性和效率。
已经参考本发明的优选实施例对本发明进行了详细描述。然而,本领域技术人员应该理解的是,可以在这些实施例中做出变更而不脱离本发明的原理和精神,其中本发明的范围在所附权利要求及其等价形式中限定。
Claims (3)
1.一种对用于冷却混合电动车的功率变换器的冷却系统进行控制的方法,该方法包括:
将发生CAN通信错误时功率变换器的温度估计为所述功率变换器的当前温度,并且将冷却系统控制在基于所估计的温度的冷却速率;
确定所述功率变换器产生的输出是否大于作为执行过温保护逻辑的基准值的最小工作输出水平;
如果确定所述功率变换器产生的输出大于所述最小工作输出水平,则将所述冷却系统的冷却速率控制到低一梯级的水平;以及
如果确定所述功率变换器产生的输出不大于所述最小工作输出水平,则将所述冷却系统的冷却速率控制到高一梯级的水平。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述过温保护逻辑用所述功率变换器的内部温度传感器检测过温,并且在检测到过温时,通过将所述功率变换器的输出限制到低于所述最小工作输出值来降低所述功率变换器的温度。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括在所述过温保护逻辑由于所述功率变换器的温度返回到正常工作水平而结束时,降低所述冷却系统的冷却速率。
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