CN102056648A - 改善整体牙齿健康和外观的组合物和方法 - Google Patents
改善整体牙齿健康和外观的组合物和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102056648A CN102056648A CN2008801296759A CN200880129675A CN102056648A CN 102056648 A CN102056648 A CN 102056648A CN 2008801296759 A CN2008801296759 A CN 2008801296759A CN 200880129675 A CN200880129675 A CN 200880129675A CN 102056648 A CN102056648 A CN 102056648A
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- Prior art keywords
- oral care
- agent
- fluoride
- compositions
- alkyl
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 29
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 title abstract description 6
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- 229940091249 fluoride supplement Drugs 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- YMKDRGPMQRFJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetylpyridinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 YMKDRGPMQRFJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 36
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- KYKNRZGSIGMXFH-ZVGUSBNCSA-M potassium bitartrate Chemical compound [K+].OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O KYKNRZGSIGMXFH-ZVGUSBNCSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了口腔护理组合物和使用方法,所述组合物包含选定的表面活性有机磷酸酯化合物以提供牙齿保护作用,从而防止由化学物质如强效研磨剂和酸的作用造成的腐蚀。所述表面活性有机磷酸酯化合物对牙齿是亲和性的,磷酸酯基团与牙齿中的钙结合,从而防止与酸接触时因溶解而损失钙。有机磷酸酯化合物还沉积保护性表面覆盖层,所述覆盖层阻止牙齿与腐蚀性因素接触。所选的有机磷酸酯化合物包含一个或多个磷酸酯基团,并且在口腔护理组合物中与一种或多种氟化物离子试剂、优选选自季铵化合物和多价金属盐的抗微生物剂、抗牙结石剂和附加表面活性剂混合以提供有益效果,使得整体牙齿健康、结构完整性和外观得到改善,所述有益效果包括优异的抗腐蚀、防龋、抗牙斑和抗变色有益效果,如由增强的氟化物摄取、补充矿质、抗酸致脱矿质和抗微生物活性所体现。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及改善和保持整体牙齿健康和外观的口腔护理组合物和使用方法。本发明的组合物包含一起作用以提供有益效果的口腔护理成分的组合,所述有益效果包括抗微生物、抗牙斑、抗齿龈炎、矿化和增强的氟化物摄入、防龋、抗牙结石、抗致敏和抗变色以及改善的牙齿抗腐蚀性去矿质或溶解作用以及防止牙齿随后接触腐蚀性化学物质如酸性食物和饮料而受损。
发明背景
消费者日常使用口腔护理产品如牙膏和洗口剂作为他们口腔护理卫生方案的一部分。配制口腔护理产品以提供治疗性和美观性卫生有益效果。所述治疗性有益效果包括:龋齿预防,其通常通过使用各种氟化物盐递送;齿龈炎预防,其通过使用抗微生物剂如三氯生、西吡氯铵、氟化亚锡、柠檬酸锌或精油实现;和过敏控制,其通过使用成分如氯化锶、氟化亚锡或硝酸钾来达到。所述美观性有益效果包括控制牙斑和牙结石的形成,去除并且预防牙齿变色,牙齿美白,口气清新,以及口感印象的总体改善,其广泛的特征在于口感美观。例如,已使用试剂如焦磷酸盐作为抗牙垢剂并且已在口腔护理组合物中使用聚合剂如缩合的磷酸化聚合物、聚膦酸酯和羧化聚合物来提供有益效果,所述有益效果包括调理牙齿表面以及控制牙垢、牙齿变色和涩味。为进一步阐明,共同转让的授予Glandorf等人的US 6,555,094公开了包含亚锡离子源、氟化物离子源以及结合亚锡的聚合物矿物质表面活性剂的口腔护理组合物,其中所述组合物提供有效的抗微生物活性以降低牙斑和齿龈炎,同时最大程度地降低牙齿变色和收敛性的副作用。所述组合物同时提供龈上牙结石的减少和抑制作用。涉及使用多磷酸盐作为口腔护理组合物中的矿物质表面活性剂的其它公开包括共同转让的US 5,939,052、US 6,187,295、US 6,350,436和US 6,190,644。
在完善口腔健康方面日益重要的其它有益效果是提供牙齿腐蚀和磨蚀防护和抗性,所述腐蚀和磨蚀是由于化学物质如强效研磨剂和酸的作用而造成的表面上牙质的永久性丧失。牙齿腐蚀可由外在或内在因素造成。外在腐蚀是由于口腔摄取饮食中的酸如酸性饮料或果汁以及环境因素如暴露于空气污染或游泳池中酸性水而造成的。内在腐蚀是由于例如胃中产生的内源性酸以及所述内源性酸在呕吐、反胃或反流过程中接触牙齿而造成的。反胃和诱发性呕吐的主要原因是进食紊乱症如神经性呕吐、厌食或神经性贪食(Moss,1998,“Int.Den.J.”,48,529)。
牙齿腐蚀发生率和严重性随着摄取酸性饮料和果汁的增多而上升。酸性饮料的pH和滴定酸度已被确认是引发和加剧牙齿腐蚀的主要病因(Lussi,1995,“Caries Res.”,29,349)。因此,已公开了改进酸性食品和饮料产品以阻止它们对牙齿腐蚀效应的方法。参见例如均转让给TheProcter&Gamble Company的US 5,108,761和WO 01/52796;均转让给SmithKline Beecham的US 6,383,473、US 6,319,490、WO 01/72144和WO00/13531;转让给General Foods Corporation的CA 1018393;均转让给Colonial Sugar Refining Co的US 3,471613和BE 638645;以及转让给Sinebrychoff Oy的US 4,853,237。此外,还存在口腔护理组合物公开内容,所述组合物包含旨在向牙齿提供防腐蚀或耐酸有益效果的试剂。参见例如均转让给Lion Corporation的JP 2001/158725、US 4,363,794和US4,335,102;转让给The University of Melbourne的US 5,130,123;均转让给SmithKline Beecham的WO 99/08550和WO 97/30601;转让给DowChemical Co.的US 3,914,404;以及转让给The Procter & Gamble Co.的US3,105,798。
提供腐蚀防护并且保持牙齿完整性的一种机制描述于美国专利6,685,920中,所述机制使用包含对牙齿表面具有亲和力的某些化学试剂的口腔组合物。这些试剂与牙齿表面结合,或在牙齿表面上形成不溶性化合物或复合物,从而形成保护性薄膜或覆盖层。可用试剂的实例是聚合物矿物质表面活性剂如磷酸化聚合物,具体地讲多磷酸盐,所述多磷酸盐与牙齿结合,或与金属离子如亚锡、锌或铜结合形成沉积在牙齿上的不溶性化合物,以及它们的组合。沉积在牙齿上的聚合物覆盖层或不溶性沉淀用作防止腐蚀性化学物质接触牙齿表面并腐蚀牙齿硬组织的保护层。
龋齿是损害牙齿健康和结构完整性的另一种病症。牙齿致龋过程是由发酵性膳食物质产生的局部牙斑微生物酸引发的牙质丧失磷酸钙矿物质所造成的。如果任其发展不加以抑制,致龋过程将导致牙齿丧失大量的矿物质,这体现为结构完整性的丧失和龋齿的形成。(G.H.Nancollas,“Kinetics of de-and remineralization”,第113-128页;A.Thylstrup,J.D.B.Featherstone和L. Fredebo,“Surface morphology and dynamics ofearly enamel caries development”,第165-184页,出自:Demineralisationand Remineralisation of the Teeth,IRL Press Ltd.(1983),S.A.Leach和W.M.Edgar编辑)。致龋过程不是连续的,但是可按如下循环过程来描述:牙齿矿物质丧失,尤其是在摄取发酵性碳水化合物后,接着受损局部区域无矿物质丧失或甚至矿物质修复阶段。补充矿质是指通过矿物质盐在牙齿结构上再结晶,修复酸损伤牙齿结构的过程。补充矿质过程是唾液抵抗龋洞形成的天然保护特性,因为唾液对磷酸钙牙齿矿物质盐是过饱和的。溶液中的氟化物离子促进补充矿质作用,所述氟化物离子提高氟化磷酸钙沉积的局部过饱和度。氟化物摄取或氟化是指用氟化物试剂局部处理而造成氟化物摄取到牙质中。经由处理而补充矿质的牙齿通常但不总是显示出氟化物摄取和保留的提高。脱矿质是由牙斑酸或膳食酸造成的牙齿矿物质丧失的过程。脱矿质可出现在牙齿表面上或牙齿表面下,这取决于酸的组成、浓度和pH。此外,矿质补充和氟化物摄取和保留得到提高的牙齿还表现出优异的酸致脱矿质抗性。氟化物渗入到牙齿中、补充矿质并且抵抗脱矿质的过程体现了减少蛀牙或其它酸性侵害的主要机制。
除了氟化物试剂以外,还有利地将抗微生物剂掺入到口腔护理组合物中以控制牙斑细菌并且防止牙斑形成和酸产生,牙斑形成和酸产生是致龋过程的必要步骤。
因此,家庭日常口腔护理需要含有多种成分的产品,所述成分以不同的机制起作用来提供完整的治疗性和美观性有益效果范围,包括防龋、抗微生物、抗齿龈炎、抗牙斑、抗过敏、抗牙结石和抗腐蚀、以及抗异味、口腔清新和润湿、色斑去除、色斑控制和牙齿美白。因此,配制包含不同成分以提供所需有益效果范围的口腔护理产品是一个挑战,因为这些成分需要协同作用并且不影响彼此的活性。因此,本发明涉及口腔护理组合物,所述组合物包含选定的有机磷酸酯化合物与一种或多种口腔护理活性物质的组合,所述有机磷酸酯化合物提供防牙齿腐蚀和牙齿磨蚀性,所述口腔护理活性物质包括氟化物试剂、抗牙斑/抗微生物剂和抗牙结石剂。
发明概述
本发明涉及口腔护理组合物,所述组合物包含选定的表面活性有机磷酸酯化合物以提供牙齿保护作用,防止由化学物质如强效研磨剂和酸的作用造成的腐蚀。所述表面活性有机磷酸酯化合物对牙齿是亲和性的,磷酸酯基团与牙齿中的钙结合,从而防止与酸接触时因溶解而损失钙。有机磷酸酯化合物还沉积保护性表面覆盖层,所述覆盖层阻止牙齿与腐蚀性因素接触。所选的有机磷酸酯化合物包含一个或多个磷酸酯基团,并且在口腔护理组合物中与一种或多种氟化物离子试剂、优选选自季铵化合物和多价金属盐的抗微生物剂、抗牙结石剂和附加表面活性剂混合以提供如下有益效果,使得整体牙齿健康、结构完整性和外观得到改善,所述有益效果包括优异的抗腐蚀、防龋、抗牙斑和抗变色有益效果,如由氟化物摄取、补充矿质、抗酸致脱矿质和抗微生物活性的提高所体现。
对于本领域的技术人员来说,通过下面的详细描述,本发明的这些和其它的特征、方面和优点将变得显而易见。
发明详述
虽然本说明书以特别指出并清楚地要求保护本发明的权利要求书作为结尾,但应该相信由下列说明可更好地理解本发明。
除非另外指明,下文中所用的所有百分比和比率均以总组合物的重量计。除非另外指明,本文提及的所有成分的百分数、比例和含量均基于该成分的实际含量,并且不包括在市售产品中可以与这些成分组合的溶剂、填料或其它物质。
除非另外指明,本文提及的所有测量均在25℃下进行。
本文中“包含/包括”是指可加入不影响最终结果的其它步骤和成分。该术语包括术语“由...组成”和“基本上由...组成”。
如本文所用,单词“包括/包含”和它的变体旨在非限制性,使得列表中条目的叙述不排除其它也可以在本发明的材料、组合物、装置和方法中使用的类似条目。
如本文所用,单词“优选的”、“优选地”和它们的变体是指在特定环境下能够提供特定有益效果的本发明的实施方案。然而,其它的实施方案在相同或其它的环境下也可以是优选的。此外,一个或多个优选实施方案的详述并不表示其它实施方案是无用的,并且不旨在从本发明的范畴中排除其它的实施方案。
“口腔护理组合物”是指在一般使用过程中不是被故意吞咽以用于特定治疗剂的内吸性给药,而是在口腔中保留足够长的时间,以基本上接触所有的牙齿表面和/或口腔组织以获得口腔活性的产品。所述口腔护理组合物可以是各种形式,包括牙膏、牙粉、牙胶、齿龈胶、漱口水、摩丝、泡沫、义齿产品、口喷剂、锭剂、咀嚼片或口香糖。该口腔护理组合物还可掺入到带或薄膜上,以直接施用或粘附到口腔表面。
除非另外指明,如本文所用,术语“洁齿剂”包括糊剂、凝胶、液体、粉末或片剂。洁齿剂组合物可以是单相组合物,或者可以是两种或多种单独洁齿剂组合物的组合。洁齿剂组合物可以呈任何所需的形式,如深条纹的、浅条纹的、多层的、糊剂周围有凝胶的、或它们的任意组合。在包含两种或多种单独的洁齿剂组合物的洁齿剂中,每种洁齿剂组合物可装入到物理上独立的分配器室中并且并排分配。
如本文所用,术语“分配器”是指任何用于分配组合物(如洁齿剂)的泵、管或容器。
如本文所用,术语“牙齿”是指自然牙齿以及人造牙齿或义齿。
术语“口腔可接受的载体”是指用于口腔护理组合物中的安全有效的物质和常规添加剂,包括但不限于一种或多种下列物质:氟离子源、抗牙结石或抗牙垢剂、抗微生物剂、缓冲液、研磨剂如二氧化硅、碱金属碳酸氢盐、增稠物质、湿润剂、水、表面活性剂、二氧化钛、调味剂体系、甜味剂、木糖醇和着色剂。
可用于本文的活性物质和其它成分可根据它们的美容和/或治疗有益效果或它们假定的作用或运行模式分类或描述。然而应当理解,在某些情况下,可用于本发明的活性物质和其它成分可以提供一种以上的美容和/或治疗有益效果或作用,或通过一种以上的作用模式起作用或运行。因此,本文的分类只是为了方便起见,而非旨在将成分限制在所列的特别指出的一个应用或几个应用中。
本文中术语“牙垢”和“牙结石”可互换使用,并且是指矿物化的牙斑生物薄膜。
本发明涉及使用口腔组合物,所述组合物包含选定的表面活性有机磷酸酯化合物与下列一种或多种物质的组合:氟化物离子试剂;优选选自阳离子类型的抗微生物剂如西吡氯铵、溴化度米芬和多价金属离子(包括亚锡、锌和铜);和抗牙结石剂如无机多磷酸盐。所述组合物还包含一种或多种优选阴离子、阳离子或两性类型的表面活性剂。本发明的组合物提供有效的抗牙齿腐蚀防护,所述防护是由有机磷酸酯化合物构成的保护性表面覆盖层对牙齿中钙矿物质(羟基磷灰石)结合和/或在牙齿表面上的沉积所提供的。所述保护性表面覆层提供对牙齿表面特性的调节,包括改变表面亲水和疏水特性,并且抵抗酸的侵蚀。本发明的表面活性有机磷酸酯化合物还可提供所期望的表面调理功效,包括:1)不可取的吸附表膜蛋白质部分的有效解吸,具体地讲与牙渍结合、牙结石生长和不可取微生物物质引诱相关的那些;和2)在产品使用后长期保持表面调理功效和表膜控制,包括刷牙后并且贯穿更持久的整个时期。改变表面亲水和疏水特性的功效可从水接触角变化方面进行测定,相对降低表明更加亲水的表面,而相对升高表明更加疏水的表面。已发现,需要平衡表面亲水和疏水特性,以使包含表面活性有机磷酸酯化合物的本发明组合物的有益效果递送达到优化。这些优选的有机磷酸酯化合物中,有许多还提供牙垢控制或防变色/美白或表面调理活性,从而在改善牙齿整体健康和结构以及牙齿外观和触觉印痕方面提供多种临床作用。
表面活性有机磷酸酯试剂对釉质表面具有强亲和力,并且具有充分的表面结合倾向,以使表膜蛋白质解吸,并且保持附着在釉质表面上。有机磷酸酯化合物的适宜实例为由下列通用结构表示的一酯、二酯或三酯,其中Z1、Z2或Z3可相同或不同,至少一个为有机部分,优选选自具有1至22个碳原子,任选被一个或多个磷酸酯基团取代的直链或支链烷基或烯基;烷氧基化烷基或烯基、(多)糖、多元醇或聚醚基团。
某些优选的试剂包括由下列结构表示的烷基或烯基磷酸酯:
其中R1代表具有6至22个碳原子,任选被一个或多个磷酸酯基团取代的直链或支链烷基或烯基;n和m独立并且分别为2至4,并且a和b独立并且分别为0至20;Z2和Z3可相同或不同,每个代表氢、碱金属、铵、质子化烷基胺或质子化官能烷基胺如链烷醇胺、或R1-(OCnH2n)a(OCmH2m)b-基团。适宜试剂的实例包括烷基和烷基(多)烷氧基磷酸酯,如月桂基磷酸酯(商品名为MAP 230K和MAP 230T,得自Croda);PPG5鲸蜡硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚-10磷酸酯(以商品名Crodaphos SG得自Croda);月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-1磷酸酯(以商品名MAP L210得自Rhodia,以商品名Phosten HLP-1得自Nikkol Chemical,或以商品名Sunmaep L得自Sunjin);月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-3磷酸酯(以商品名MAP L130得自Rhodia,或以商品名Foamphos L-3得自Alzo,或以商品名Emphiphos DF1326得自Huntsman Chemical);月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-9磷酸酯(以商品名Foamphos L-9得自Alzo);三月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-4磷酸酯(以商品名Hostaphat KL 340D得自Clariant,或以商品名TLP-4得自NikkolChemical);C12-18PEG 9磷酸酯(以商品名Crafol AP261得自Cognis);二月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-10磷酸钠(以商品名DLP-10得自NikkolChemical)。尤其优选的试剂是聚合的,例如包含重复的烷氧基作为聚合部分的那些,具体地讲包含3个或更多个乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基或丁氧基的那些。
其它适宜的聚合有机磷酸酯试剂包括葡聚糖磷酸酯、多葡糖苷磷酸酯、烷基多葡糖苷磷酸酯、聚甘油基磷酸酯、烷基聚甘油基磷酸酯、聚醚磷酸酯和烷氧基化多元醇磷酸酯。某些具体的实例是PEG磷酸酯、PPG磷酸酯、烷基PPG磷酸酯、PEG/PPG磷酸酯、烷基PEG/PPG磷酸酯、PEG/PPG/PEG磷酸酯、双丙二醇磷酸酯、PEG甘油基磷酸酯、PBG(聚丁二醇)磷酸酯、PEG环糊精磷酸酯、PEG脱水山梨糖醇磷酸酯、PEG烷基脱水山梨糖醇磷酸酯和PEG甲基葡糖苷磷酸酯。
适宜的非聚合磷酸酯包括烷基单甘油酯磷酸酯、烷基脱水山梨糖醇磷酸酯、烷基甲基葡糖苷磷酸酯、烷基蔗糖磷酸酯。
用作抗腐蚀试剂的尤其优选的有机磷酸酯是与口腔护理组合物其它组分相容并且稳定从而能够获得简单的单相牙粉或漱口水制剂的那些,所述其它组分如氟化物和阳离子试剂,具体地讲是抗微生物剂如西吡氯铵(CPC)、溴化度米芬以及金属离子如亚锡、铜和锌。甚至更重要的是,有机磷酸酯试剂不影响其它活性物质的活性,具体地讲是如下文实例所表现的它们的氟化、矿化和抗微生物活性。
有机磷酸酯试剂的所需量为对因酸或研磨剂因素而造成的腐蚀提供防护的有效量。所述防护在使用所述组合物后优选持续至少约一小时。有机磷酸酯试剂的有效量按总口腔组合物的重量计通常为约0.01%至约35%,优选约0.035%至约20%,更优选约0.035%至约10%,并且最优选约0.035%至约5%。
本发明的组合物还包含一种或多种氟化物离子源;抗微生物剂,优选阳离子抗微生物剂如季铵化合物和多价金属离子;和抗牙结石剂。本发明组合物的这些以及其它任选组分(统称为口腔可接受的载体或赋形剂)与非限制性实例一起描述于下文段落中。口腔可接受的载体材料包括一种或多种相容的固体或液体赋形剂或稀释剂,其适合局部口服。“相容的”是指组合物的组分能够混合而不以大大降低组合物的稳定性和/或功效的方式相互作用。适宜的载体或赋形剂是本领域熟知的。它们的选择取决于如口味、成本和架藏稳定性等次要考虑因素。
氟化物源
洁齿剂和其它口腔组合物中通常存在足量的氟化物以在所述组合物中提供约0.0025重量%至约5.0重量%,优选约0.005重量%至约2.0重量%的氟化物离子浓度以提供防龋功效。如上所述,预防龋齿是整体牙齿健康和完整性所必需的。多种产生氟化物离子的物质可用作本发明组合物中可溶性氟化物的来源。产生氟化物离子的适宜物质实例可见于授予Briner等人的美国专利No.3,535,421和授予Widder等人的美国专利No.3,678,154中。代表性的氟化物离子源包括:氟化亚锡、氟化钠、氟化钾、氟化胺、单氟磷酸钠、氟化铟等等。
抗微生物剂
本发明的组合物可包含抗微生物剂,优选季铵抗微生物剂,以提供杀菌功效,即杀死微生物和/或改变微生物代谢和/或抑制微生物生长的效果,所述微生物会引起口腔局部可治疗性感染和疾病,例如牙斑、龋齿、齿龈炎和牙周病。
用于本发明组合物中的抗微生物季铵化合物包括其中季氮上的一个或两个取代基具有约8至约20,通常约10至约18个碳原子的碳链长度(通常为烷基),同时其余取代基(通常为烷基或苄基)具有较低数目碳原子如约1至约7个碳原子(通常为甲基或乙基)的那些。典型的季铵抗菌剂实施例是十二烷基三甲基溴化铵、氯化十四烷基吡啶、溴化杜灭芬、氯化N-十四烷基-4-乙基吡啶十二烷基二甲基(2-苯氧乙基)溴化铵、苄基二甲基硬脂基氯化铵、氯化十六烷基吡啶、季铵化的5-氨基-1,3-双(2-乙基己基)-5-甲基六氢嘧啶、苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵和甲基苄索氯铵。其它化合物是1980年6月3日授予Bailey的美国专利No.4,206,215中公开的双[4-(R-氨基)-1-吡啶]烷烃。此吡啶化合物是优选的季铵化合物,尤其优选的是十六烷基吡啶或十四烷基吡啶卤化物盐(即,氯化物、溴化物、氟化物和碘化物)。最优选地是氯化十六烷基吡啶本发明中季铵抗微生物剂的含量按所述组合物的重量计为至少约0.035%,优选约0.045%至约1.0%,更优选约0.05%至约0.10%。
如共同转让的专利申请WO 05/072693中所述,季铵抗微生物剂的生物利用率和活性尤其受口腔护理制剂中常见成分阴离子表面活性剂的不利影响。因此,尤其令人惊奇的是,本发明的某些表面活性阴离子有机磷酸酯化合物可与季铵抗微生物剂如CPC相容,因为生物利用率和抗微生物活性没有受到显著的影响。
本发明的组合物可包含提供亚锡离子、锌离子、铜离子或它们混合物的金属离子源作为抗微生物剂。所述金属离子源可为具有无机或有机反离子的可溶性或难溶性亚锡、锌或铜化合物。实例包括亚锡、锌和铜的氟化物、氯化物、氟氯化物、乙酸盐、六氟锆酸盐、硫酸盐、酒石酸盐、葡糖酸盐、柠檬酸盐、苹果酸盐、甘氨酸盐、焦磷酸盐、偏磷酸盐、草酸盐、磷酸盐、碳酸盐和氧化物。
已发现,亚锡、锌和铜离子有助于减少齿龈炎、牙斑、过敏,并且有助于经改善的口气清新有益效果。有效量定义为总组合物中至少约50ppm至约20,000ppm,优选约500ppm至约15,000ppm的金属离子。金属离子的含量更优选为约3,000ppm至约13,000ppm,并且甚至更优选约5,000ppm至约10,000ppm。这是递送到牙齿表面上的金属离子(亚锡、锌、酮、以及它们的混合物)的总量。
包含亚锡盐(尤其是氟化亚锡和氯化亚锡)的牙粉描述于授予Majeti等人的美国专利5,004,597中。亚锡盐的其它描述可见于授予Prencipe等人的美国专利5,578,293和授予Lukacovic等人的美国专利5,281,410中。除了亚锡离子源以外,还可包含稳定亚锡所需的其它成分,如Majeti等人和Prencipe等人所描述的成分。
优选的亚锡盐是氟化亚锡和二水合氯化亚锡。其它适宜的亚锡盐包括乙酸亚锡、酒石酸亚锡和柠檬酸亚锡钠。适宜锌离子源的实例是氧化锌、硫酸锌、氯化锌、柠檬酸锌、乳酸锌、葡萄糖酸锌、苹果酸锌、酒石酸锌、碳酸锌、磷酸锌、以及美国专利4,022,880中所列的其它盐。柠檬酸锌和乳酸锌是尤其优选的。适宜铜离子源的实例列于美国专利5,534,243中。混合的金属离子源的含量按最终组合物的重量计为约0.05%至约11%。所述金属离子源的含量优选为约0.5%至约7%,更优选约1%至约5%。亚锡盐的含量按所述总组合物的重量计优选为约0.1%至约7%,更优选约1%至约5%,并且最优选约1.5%至约3%。用于本发明中的锌或铜盐的量在约0.01%至约5%,优选约0.05%至约4%,更优选约0.1%至约3.0%范围内。
本发明还可包含其它抗微生物剂,包括非阳离子抗微生物剂,如卤代二苯基醚、苯酚化合物(包括苯酚及其同系物)、一烷基和多烷基卤代苯酚以及芳族卤代苯酚、间苯二酚及其衍生物、木糖醇、双酚化合物和卤代N-水杨酰苯胺、苯甲酸酯和卤代N-碳酰苯胺。还可用作抗微生物剂的是酶,包括糖苷内切酶、木瓜蛋白酶、葡聚糖酶、突变酶、以及它们的混合物。此类试剂公开于1960年7月26日授予Norris等人的美国专利2,946,725和1977年9月27日授予Gieske等人的美国专利4,051,234中。抗微生物剂的实例包括氯己定、三氯生、三氯生单磷酸盐和风味油如百里酚。三氯生和此类其它试剂公开于1991年5月14日公布的Parran,Jr.等人的美国专利5,015,466和1990年1月16日授予Nabi等人的美国专利4,894,220中。这些试剂的含量按所述牙粉组合物的重量计为约0.01%至约1.5%。
抗牙结石剂
本发明的组合物可任选包括抗牙结石剂,如作为焦磷酸根离子来源的焦磷酸盐。可用于本发明组合物中的焦磷酸盐包括焦磷酸一碱金属盐、二碱金属盐和四碱金属盐、以及它们的混合物。其未水合和水合形式的焦磷酸二氢二钠(Na2H2P2O7)、酸式焦磷酸钠、焦磷酸四钠(Na4P2O7)和焦磷酸四钾(K4P2O7)是优选的物质。在本发明的组合物中,焦磷酸盐能够以三种方式中的一者存在:基本上溶解、基本上不溶解、或溶解与不溶解的焦磷酸盐的混合物。
包括基本上溶解的焦磷酸盐的组合物指其中至少一种焦磷酸盐离子源具有足够的量以提供至少约0.025%游离焦磷酸盐离子的组合物。游离焦磷酸盐离子的含量可为约1%至约15%,在一个实施方案中为约1.5%至约10%,在另一个实施方案中为约2%至约6%。根据组合物pH值的不同,游离焦磷酸盐离子可以各种质子化状态存在。
包含基本上不溶解的焦磷酸盐的组合物指包含不超过约20%,优选小于约10%的溶解于组合物中的总焦磷酸盐的组合物。在这些组合物中,焦磷酸四钠是优选的焦磷酸盐。在洁齿剂组合物中,焦磷酸四钠可为无水形式或十水合物形式、或任何其它稳定于固体形式的种类。盐为其固体颗粒形式,该形式可为其结晶和/或非晶形状态,盐的粒径优选足够小以在美观上可接受并且在使用中易溶解。在制备这些组合物中使用的焦磷酸盐量为任何能有效控制牙结石的量,按所述洁齿剂组合物的重量计通常为约1.5%至约15%,优选约2%至约10%,并且最优选约3%至约8%。
组合物还可包含溶解的和不溶解的焦磷酸盐的混合物。可使用上述提及的任何焦磷酸盐。
所述焦磷酸盐更详细地描述于Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of ChemicalTechnology,第三版,第17卷,Wiley-Interscience Publishers(1982)中。
将用于替代焦磷酸盐或与焦磷酸盐组合的任选试剂包括已知物质如长链(3个或更多个)多磷酸盐,包括三聚磷酸盐、四聚磷酸盐和六偏磷酸盐;合成阴离子聚合物,包括聚丙烯酸酯以及马来酸酐或马来酸与甲基乙烯基醚的共聚物(例如Gantrez)(如授予Gaffer等人的美国专利4,627,977中所述)、以及例如聚氨基丙磺酸(AMPS)、二膦酸盐(例如EHDP;AHP)、多肽(如聚天冬氨酸和聚麸胺酸)、以及它们的混合物。
其它活性剂
可包含于本发明组合物中的另一活性剂是牙齿漂白活性剂,其选自由下列组成的组:过氧化物、过硼酸盐、过碳酸盐、过氧酸、过硫酸盐、以及它们的组合。适宜的过氧化物包括过氧化氢、过氧化脲、过氧化钙、过氧化钠、过氧化锌以及它们的混合物。优选的过碳酸盐是过碳酸钠。优选的过硫酸盐是过硫酸氢钾。
优选用于洁齿剂制剂中的过氧化物源是过氧化钙和过氧化脲。过氧化氢和过氧化脲优选用于漱口水制剂中。以下的量代表过氧化物原料的量,尽管过氧化物源也可包含过氧化物原料之外的成分。本发明的组合物可包含按所述组合物的重量计约0.01%至约30%,优选约0.1%至约10%,并且更优选约0.5%至约5%的过氧化物源。
除了美白以外,过氧化物还向口腔提供其它有益效果。早已认识到,过氧化氢和其它过氧化合物可对于龋齿、牙斑、齿龈炎、牙周炎、口腔异味、牙齿色斑、复发性口腔溃疡、义齿致痛、矫正器具损伤、拔牙后和牙周手术后疼痛、创伤性口腔损伤和粘膜感染、疱疹性口腔炎等进行有效地治疗性和/或预防性处理。包含过氧化物的试剂在口腔中施加化学机械作用,生成通过与组织酶和唾液酶交互作用而产生的数千微小氧气泡。漱口水的漱动作用可增强这种固有的化学机械作用。已推荐以此类作用来将其它试剂递送到被感染的齿龈裂缝中。因此,过氧化物漱口水可预防已知与牙周病有关的厌氧细菌的建群和增殖。
另一种可加入到本发明组合物中的任选活性剂是控制过敏的牙质脱敏剂,例如钾、钙、锶和锡的盐,包括硝酸盐、氯化物、氟化物、磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、多磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐、草酸盐和硫酸盐。
牙齿亲和剂
本发明可包括牙齿亲和剂,例如聚合物表面活性剂(PMSA),所述聚合物表面活性剂是聚电解质,更具体地讲为阴离子聚合物。所述PMSA包含阴离子基团,例如磷酸根、膦酸根、羧酸根、或它们的混合物,因此具有与阳离子或带正电的物质相互作用的能力。“矿物质”描述词旨在表明,聚合物的表面活性或亲和性是针对矿物质表面的,例如牙齿中的磷酸钙矿物质。
PMSA由于它们的防色斑有益效果而可用于本发明的组合物中。据信,所述PMSA提供防色斑有益效果,因为它们对矿物质表面具有反应性或亲和性,导致不期望被吸附的薄膜蛋白质部分解吸,具体地讲是与染污牙齿的粘色本体、牙结石生长以及吸引不可取微生物有关的那些。这些PMSA在牙齿上的保持力还可防止色斑形成,这应归于对牙齿表面上颜色本体结合位点的破坏。
据信,PMSA结合口腔护理产品中色斑促进成分(例如,亚锡离子和阳离子抗微生物剂)的能力也是有益的。所述PMSA还将提供牙齿表面调理效果,其在表面热力学性质和表面薄膜性质方面产生所期望的功效,其在漱洗或刷洗期间并且最重要的是在漱洗或刷洗之后赋予改善的清洁感美观性。当应用于口腔组合物中时,这些聚合物试剂中的多种也是已知的或者期望的,以提供牙垢控制有益效果,从而提供在牙齿外观以及它们给消费者的触感方面的改善。
此类聚合物的适宜实例是聚电解质,诸如缩合的磷酸化聚合物;聚膦酸盐;包含磷酸根或膦酸根的单体或聚合物与其它单体诸如烯键式不饱和单体和氨基酸或与其它聚合物的共聚物,所述其它聚合物如蛋白质、多肽、多糖、聚(丙烯酸酯)、聚(丙烯酰胺)、聚(甲基丙烯酸酯)、聚(乙基丙烯酸酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸羟烷酯)、聚(乙烯醇)、聚(马来酸酐)、聚(马来酸酯)、聚(酰胺)、聚(乙烯胺)、聚(乙二醇)、聚(丙二醇)、聚(乙酸乙烯酯)和聚(乙烯基苄基氯);聚羧酸盐和羧基取代的聚合物;以及它们的混合物。合适的聚合物矿物质表面活性剂包括均授予Degenhardt等人的美国专利5,292,501、5,213,789、5,093,170、5,009,882和4,939,284中所述的羧基取代的醇聚合物;以及授予Benedict等人的美国专利5,011,913中所述的二膦酸盐衍生的聚合物;合成的阴离子聚合物,包括聚丙烯酸盐以及马来酸酐或马来酸与甲基乙烯基醚的共聚物(例如Gantrez),如授予Gaffar等人的美国专利4,627,977中所述。优选的聚合物是二膦酸盐改性的聚丙烯酸。具有活性的聚合物必须具有足够的表面结合特性以将薄膜蛋白质解吸并保持附着于牙釉质表面上。对于牙齿表面,具有末端或侧链磷酸根或膦酸根官能团的聚合物是优选的,虽然具有矿物质结合活性的其它聚合物可根据吸附亲和力来证明有效性。
包含膦酸根的合适的聚合物矿物质表面活性剂的其它实例包括授予Degenhardt等人的US 4,877,603中作为抗牙结石剂公开的偕二膦酸盐聚合物;授予Dursch等人的US 4,749,758和GB 1,290,724(均转让给Hoechst)中所公开的适用于洗涤剂和清洁组合物中的包含膦酸根基团的共聚物;以及如授予Zakikhani等人的US 5,980,776和授予Davis等人的US6,071,434中公开的可用于应用中的共聚物和共调聚物,所述应用包括结垢和腐蚀抑制、涂层、粘固剂和离子交换树脂。其它聚合物包括GB1,290,724中公开的乙烯基膦酸和丙烯酸及其盐的水溶性共聚物,其中所述共聚物包含约10重量%至约90重量%的乙烯基膦酸,和约90重量%至约10重量%的丙烯酸,更具体地讲,其中所述共聚物具有的乙烯基膦酸与丙烯酸的重量比为70%乙烯基膦酸比30%丙烯酸;50%乙烯基膦酸比50%丙烯酸;或30%乙烯基膦酸比70%丙烯酸。其它适宜的聚合物包括由Zakikhani和Davis所公开的水溶性聚合物,其通过二膦酸酯或聚膦酸酯单体与至少一种具有不饱和C=C键的其它化合物(例如丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯单体)的共聚而制得,所述二膦酸酯或聚膦酸酯单体具有一个或多个不饱和的C=C键(如亚乙烯基-1,1-二膦酸和2-(羟基氧膦基)亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸)。合适的聚合物包括二膦酸酯/丙烯酸酯聚合物,其由Rhodia以商品名ITC 1087(平均分子量为3000至60,000)和Polymer1154(平均分子量为6000至55,000)提供。
优选的PMSA为多磷酸盐。尽管存在一些环状聚磷酸盐衍生物,但通常认为聚磷酸盐由主要以线性构型排列的两个或多个磷酸盐分子组成。尽管焦磷酸盐(n=2)从技术上说是多磷酸盐,但是所期望的多磷酸盐是具有约三个或更多个磷酸根基团的那些,以使得有效浓度的表面吸附产生足够的未结合的磷酸根官能团,这增强了表面的阴离子表面电荷以及亲水特性。其中所期望的无机磷酸盐包括三聚磷酸盐、四聚磷酸盐和六偏磷酸盐。比四聚磷酸盐大的多磷酸盐通常以无定形玻璃质材料出现。在本发明中优选的是具有以下分子式的直链多磷酸盐:
XO(XPO3)nX
其中X为钠、钾或铵,并且n平均为约3至约125。优选的多磷酸盐是n平均为约6至约21的那些,如商品名为Sodaphos(n≈6)、Hexaphos(n≈13)和Glass H(n≈21)并且由FMC Corporation and Astaris生产的那些。这些多磷酸盐可以单独使用或者组合使用。多磷酸盐易于在酸性pH,尤其是在pH 5以下水解于高含水量制剂中。因此,优选使用较长链多磷酸盐,具体地讲是平均链长为约21的Glass H。据信此类较长链多磷酸盐在经历水解时,生成较短链多磷酸盐,其仍可有效地沉积在牙齿上,并且提供防斑有益效果。
除了多磷酸盐以外或者为了替代多磷酸盐,还可使用其它多磷酸化的化合物,具体地讲为多磷酸化肌醇化合物如植酸、肌醇五(磷酸二氢酯)、肌醇四(磷酸二氢酯)、肌醇三(磷酸二氢酯),以及它们的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐或铵盐。本文优选的是植酸以及它的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐或铵盐,植酸还被称为肌醇1,2,3,4,5,6-六(二氢磷酸酯)或肌醇六磷酸。本文中,术语“肌醇六磷酸”包括植酸和它的盐以及其它多磷酸化肌醇化合物。
牙齿亲和剂的量将通常为按所述总口腔组合物的重量计约0.1%至约35%。在洁齿剂中,所述量优选为约2%至约30%,更优选约5%至约25%,并且最优选约6%至约20%。在漱口水组合物中,牙齿亲和剂的量优选为约0.1%至5%,并且更优选约0.5%至约3%。
除了产生表面改性效果以外,牙齿亲和剂还可用于增溶不溶解的盐。例如,已发现Glass H可增溶不溶解的亚锡盐。因此,在包含例如氟化亚锡的组合物中,Glass H有助于亚锡降低色斑促生的效果。
螯合剂
另一个任选试剂是螯合剂,也称多价螯合剂,如葡萄糖酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸以及它们可药用的盐。螯合剂能络合存在于细菌细胞壁中的钙。螯合剂也可通过从钙桥中除去钙而破坏牙斑,所述钙桥有助于保持生物质完整。然而,不希望使用对钙有过高亲和力的鳌合剂,因为这会导致牙齿脱矿质化,这是与本发明的目的和意图相背离的。合适的螯合剂通常的钙结合常数为约101至105以提供减少牙斑和结石形成的改善的清洁作用。螯合剂也具有与金属离子复合的能力,因此有助于预防产品在稳定性或外观方面的不利影响。螯合如铁或铜的离子有助于延迟成品氧化变质。
合适的螯合剂的实例是葡萄糖酸和柠檬酸的钠盐或钾盐;柠檬酸/柠檬酸碱金属盐组合;酒石酸二钠;酒石酸二钾;酒石酸钾钠;酒石酸氢钠;酒石酸氢钾;钠、钾或铵的多磷酸盐,以及它们的混合物。所述螯合剂可以约0.1%至约2.5%,优选约0.5%至约2.5%,并且更优选约1.0%至约2.5%的量使用。
还适用于本发明的其它螯合剂是阴离子聚合的聚羧酸酯。这些物质是本领域众所周知的,它们以其游离酸或部分中和或优选完全中和的水溶性碱金属(例如钾,并且优选钠)盐或铵盐的形式应用。实例是马来酸酐或马来酸与另一种可聚合的烯键式不饱和单体(优选甲基乙烯基醚(甲氧基乙烯))的1∶4至4∶1的共聚物,所述共聚物具有约30,000至约1,000,000的分子量(M.W.)。这些共聚物可以例如Gantrez AN 139(M.W.500,000)、AN 119(M.W.250,000)和S-97药品等级(M.W.70,000)从GAF Chemicals Corporation获得。
其它有效的聚合聚羧酸酯包括马来酸酐与丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮或乙烯的1∶1共聚物,后者可以商品名例如Monsanto EMA No.1103,MW 10,000和EMA Grade 61获得,以及丙烯酸与甲基丙烯酸甲酯或甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯或丙烯酸乙酯、异丁基乙烯基醚或N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮的1∶1共聚物。其它有效的聚合的聚羧酸酯公开于授予Gaffar的美国专利4,138,477和授予Gaffar等人的美国专利4,183,914中,并且包括马来酸酐与苯乙烯、异丁烯或乙基乙烯基醚的共聚物;聚丙烯酸、聚衣康酸和聚马来酸;以及商品名为Uniroyal ND-2的分子量低达1,000的磺基丙烯酸低聚物。
表面活性剂
本发明的组合物通常还包含表面活性剂,其通常还被称为起泡剂。合适的表面活性剂为那些在整个宽pH值范围内具有适度稳定性和泡沫的物质。表面活性剂可以是阴离子的、非离子的、两性的、两性离子的、阳离子的、或它们的混合物。优选的表面活性剂或表面活性剂混合物是与所述组合物中的有机磷酸酯试剂和其它活性物质相容的那些,因为这些组分的活性不受损害。本文优选阴离子表面活性剂(如烷基硫酸钠)和两性表面活性剂(如椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱)。
可用于本发明的阴离子表面活性剂包括烷基中含有8至20个碳原子的烷基硫酸的水溶性盐(如烷基硫酸钠)和含有8至20个碳原子的脂肪酸的磺化单酸甘油酯的水溶性盐。这类阴离子表面活性剂的实例是月桂基硫酸钠(SLS)和椰子基单酸甘油酯磺酸钠。其他合适的阴离子表面活性剂为肌氨酸盐如月桂酰肌氨酸钠、牛磺酸盐、月桂基磺基乙酸钠、月桂酰羟乙基磺酸钠、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠。也可使用阴离子表面活性剂的混合物。许多适宜的阴离子表面活性剂由Agricola等人公开于美国专利3,959,458中。本发明的组合物通常以约0.025%至约9%,约0.05%至约5%,或约0.1%至约1%的含量包含阴离子表面活性剂。
另一类合适的表面活性剂是选自由下列组成的组的表面活性剂:肌氨酸盐表面活性剂、羟乙基磺酸盐表面活性剂和牛磺酸盐表面活性剂。优选可用于本文的是这些表面活性剂的碱金属或铵盐,如下列钠盐和钾盐:月桂酰肌氨酸盐、肉豆寇酰肌氨酸盐、棕榈酰肌氨酸盐、硬脂酰肌氨酸盐和油酰肌氨酸盐。
可用于本发明的两性离子或两性表面活性剂包括脂族季铵、和锍化合物的衍生物,其中所述脂族基团可以是直链或支链的,并且其中一个脂族取代基包含约8至18个碳原子,并且一个脂族取代基包含阴离子水增溶基团,例如羧基、磺酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根或膦酸根。适宜的甜菜碱表面活性剂公开于授予Polefka等人的美国专利5,180,577中。典型的烷基二甲基甜菜碱包括癸基甜菜碱或2-(N-癸基-N,N-二甲基氨基)乙酸酯、椰油基甜菜碱或2-(N-椰油基-N,N-二甲基氨基)乙酸酯、十四烷基甜菜碱、棕榈基甜菜碱、月桂基甜菜碱、鲸蜡基甜菜碱、鲸蜡基甜菜碱、硬脂基甜菜碱等。酰氨基甜菜碱以椰油酰氨基乙基甜菜碱、椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱(CADB)和月桂酰氨基丙基甜菜碱为例。
用于本发明中的阳离子表面活性剂包括具有一个长烷基链(包含约8至18个碳原子)的季铵化合物的衍生物如月桂基三甲基氯化铵、氯化十六烷基吡啶十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、椰子烷基三甲基亚硝酸铵;氟化十六烷基吡啶等等。优选的化合物是授予Briner等人的美国专利3,535,421中所述的具有洗涤剂特性的季铵氟化物。某些阳离子表面活性剂还可在本文公开的组合物中用作杀菌剂。
可用于本发明组合物中的非离子表面活性剂包括由烯化氧基团(本身亲水的)与本身可为脂族或烷基芳族的有机疏水化合物缩合而产生的化合物。合适的非离子表面活性剂的实例包括聚丙二醇与环氧乙烷的加聚物(Pluronics)、烷基酚的聚环氧乙烷缩合物、衍生自环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷和1,2-乙二胺的反应产物的缩合的产物、脂族醇的环氧乙烷缩合物、长链叔胺氧化物、长链叔膦氧化物、长链二烷基亚砜,以及这些物质的混合物。
研磨剂
可用于本主题发明组合物中的牙齿研磨剂包括许多不同的材料。所选的材料必须是与组合物中相关的物质相容的并且不会过分磨损牙质。合适的研磨剂包括例如含有凝胶和沉淀物的二氧化硅、不溶解的聚偏磷酸钠、水合氧化铝、碳酸钙、二碱式磷酸钙二水合物、焦磷酸钙、磷酸三钙、聚偏磷酸钙和树脂研磨物质,如尿素和甲醛的颗粒缩合产物。
用于本发明组合物中的另一类研磨剂是颗粒状热固性聚合树脂,如授予Cooley&Grabenstetter的美国专利No.3,070,510中所述。合适的树脂包括,例如,三聚氰胺树脂、酚醛塑料、尿素树脂、三聚氰胺-尿素树脂、三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂、尿素-甲醛树脂、三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛树脂、交联的环氧化物树脂、以及交联的聚酯树脂。
优选多种类型的二氧化硅牙齿研磨剂,因为它们具有使牙齿特别地清洁和磨光的性能但又不过度磨损牙釉或牙质的独特有益效果。本发明的二氧化硅磨料抛光物质,以及其它研磨剂的平均粒径通常在约0.1至约30微米,并且优选约5至约15微米的范围内。所述研磨剂可为沉淀二氧化硅或硅胶,如描述于Pader等人的美国专利3,538,230和DiGiulio的美国专利3,862,307中的二氧化硅干凝胶。实例包括以商品名“Syloid”由W.R.Grace&Company,Davison Chemical Division市售的二氧化硅干凝胶,和沉淀二氧化硅物质如以商品名由J.m.Huber Corporation市售的那些,尤其是具有下列命名的二氧化硅:119、118、109和129。可用于本发明牙膏中的二氧化硅牙齿研磨剂类型更详细描述于Wason的美国专利4,340,583;和共同转让的美国专利No.5,603,920、5,589,160、5,658,553、5,651,958和6,740,311中。
可使用研磨剂的混合物,如上面列出的不同等级的二氧化硅研磨剂的混合物。本发明洁齿剂组合物中研磨剂的总量通常在按重量计约6%至约70%的范围内。牙膏优选包含约10%至约50%的研磨剂。本发明的牙科用溶液、口喷剂、漱口水和非研磨性凝胶组合物通常包含很少的或不含研磨剂。
调味剂体系
通常将调味剂体系加入到口腔护理组合物中以提供合意的可口组合物并且有效地掩蔽因所述组合物中某些组分如抗微生物活性物质或过氧化物造成的任何令人不悦的味道和感觉。合意的可口组合物改善了使用者对使用所规定或推荐的口腔护理产品的依从性。本发明的调味剂体系将包含调味剂组分,具体地讲是已发现在常见口腔护理产品活性物质、载体材料或赋形剂存在下较稳定的那些。所选调味剂组分与感觉成分如凉爽剂(一种或多种)的组合提供了具有丰富风味特征的高强度清新感。
所述调味剂体系可包含调味剂成分,包括但不限于胡椒薄荷油、清凉薄荷油、留兰香油、冬青油、丁香芽油、桂皮、鼠尾草、欧芹油、牛至属植物、柠檬、酸橙、橙、顺式-茉莉酮、2,5-二甲基-4-羟基-3(2H)-呋喃酮、5-乙基-3-羟基-4-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮、香草醛、乙基香草醛、茴香醛、3,4-亚甲基二氧苯甲醛、3,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛、4-羟基苯甲醛、2-甲氧基苯甲醛、苯甲醛;肉桂醛、己基肉桂醛、α-甲基肉桂醛、邻甲氧基肉桂醛、α-戊基肉桂醛、丙烯基乙基愈创木酚、洋茉莉醛、4-顺式-庚醛、双乙酰、对叔丁基苯基乙酸甲酯、薄荷醇、水杨酸甲酯、水杨酸乙酯、乙酸1-薄荷酯、烷酮、α-紫罗兰酮、肉桂酸甲酯、肉桂酸乙酯、肉桂酸丁酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、氨茴酸甲酯、乙酸异戊酯、丁酸异戊酯、己酸烯丙酯、丁子香酚、桉叶油素、百里酚、肉桂醇、辛醇、辛醛、癸醇、癸醛、苯乙醇、苄醇、α-萜品醇、里哪醇、柠檬烯、柠檬醛、麦芽糖醇、乙基麦芽糖醇、茴香脑、二氢茴香脑、香芹酮、薄荷酮、β-大马酮、紫罗兰酮、γ-癸内酯、γ-壬内酯、γ-十一烷酸内酯、以及它们的混合物。一般来说,适宜的风味成分是所包含结构特征和官能团较不倾向于进行氧化还原反应的那些。这些包括饱和的或包含稳定芳环或酯基的调味剂化合物的衍生物。可经历某些氧化或降解反应却不会导致调味剂特性或特征显著变化的调味剂化合物也是适宜的。所述调味剂成分可以单一或纯化合物的形式,或者通过加入天然油或提取物,提供到组合物中,所述天然油或提取物优选已经过精炼处理以除去某些组分,所述组分较不稳定,并且可能会降解和改变所期望的风味特征,这会产生器官感觉方面较不可接受的产物。调味剂通常以按所述组合物的重量计约0.001%至约5%的含量用于该组合物中。
所述调味剂体系通常包含甜味剂。合适的甜味剂包括本领域所熟知的那些,包括天然的和人造的甜味剂。一些合适的水溶性甜味剂包括单糖、二糖和多糖,例如木糖、核糖、葡萄糖(右旋糖)、甘露糖、半乳糖、果糖(左旋糖)、蔗糖(食糖)、麦芽糖、转化糖(衍生自蔗糖的果糖和葡萄糖的混合物)、部分水解的淀粉、玉米糖浆固体、二氢查尔酮、应乐果甜蛋白、蛇菊苷和甘草素。合适的水溶性人造甜味剂包括可溶解的糖精盐,即糖精钠或糖精钙盐、环磺酸盐、3,4-二氢-6-甲基-1,2,3-噻嗪-4-酮-2,2-二氧化物的钠盐、铵盐或钙盐、3,4-二氢-6-甲基-1,2,3-噻嗪-4-酮-2,2-二氧化物的钾盐(丁磺氨-K)、游离酸形式的糖精等。其它适宜的甜味剂包括基于二肽的甜味剂,例如L-天冬氨酸衍生的甜味剂,如L-天冬氨酰基-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯(天冬甜素)和美国专利No.3,492,131中描述的物质,L-α-天冬氨酰基-N-(2,2,4,4-四甲基-3-硫化三亚甲基)-D-丙氨酸酰胺水合物,L-天冬氨酰基-L-苯基甘油和L-天冬氨酰基-L-2,5-二氢苯基甘氨酸的甲酯,L-天冬氨酰基-2,5-二氢-L-苯丙氨酸,L-天冬氨酰基-L-(1-环己烯基)-丙氨酸等等。可以使用衍生自天然存在的水溶性甜味剂的水溶性甜味剂,例如普通食糖(蔗糖)的氯化衍生物(例如在三氯蔗糖的产品描述下已知的),以及蛋白质基甜味剂例如西非竹竽素(索马甜I和II)。组合物优选包含约0.1重量%至约10重量%的甜味剂。
合适的凉爽剂或冷却剂包括多种物质如薄荷醇及其衍生物。在合成的冷却剂中,许多是薄荷醇的衍生物或者与薄荷醇结构上相关的,即包含环己烷部分并且是官能团衍生的,所述官能团包括羧酰胺、缩酮、酯、醚和醇。实例包括对薄荷烷羧酰胺化合物,如商品名为“WS-3”的N-乙基-对薄荷烷-3-甲酰胺,以及此系列的其它物质如WS-5、WS-11、WS-14和WS-30。结构上与薄荷醇无关的合成的羧酰胺凉爽剂实例是被称为“WS-23”的N,2,3-三甲基-2-异丙基丁酰胺。其它适宜的凉爽剂包括均得自Takasago的被称为TK-10的3-1-薄荷氧基丙-1,2-二醇、异蒲勒醇(商品名为Coolact P)和对薄荷烷-3,8-二醇(商品名为Coolact 38D);被称为MGA的薄荷酮甘油缩酮;薄荷酯,如乙酸薄荷酯、乙酰乙酸薄荷酯、被称为的由Haarmann and Reimer提供的乳酸薄荷酯和以商品名Physcool得自V.Mane的琥珀酸单薄荷酯。本文所用术语薄荷醇和薄荷基包括这些化合物的右旋和左旋异构体、以及它们的外消旋混合物。TK-10描述于Amano等人的美国专利No.4,459,425中。WS-3和其它羧酰胺凉爽剂描述于例如美国专利No.4,136,163、4,150,052、4,153,679、4,157,384、4,178,459和4,230,688中。其它N-取代的对薄荷烷羧酰胺描述于WO2005/049553A1中,包括N-(4-氰基甲基苯基)-对薄荷烷羧酰胺、N-(4-氨磺酰苯基)-对薄荷烷羧酰胺、N-(4-氰基苯基)-对薄荷烷羧酰胺、N-(4-乙酰基苯基)-对薄荷烷羧酰胺、N-(4-羟甲基苯基)-对薄荷烷羧酰胺和N-(3-羟基-4-甲氧苯基)-对薄荷烷羧酰胺。
此外,所述调味剂体系可包含流涎剂、水合剂和润湿剂、加温剂和麻木剂。这些试剂以按所述组合物的重量计约0.001%至约10%,优选约0.1%至约1%的含量存在于组合物中。适宜的流涎剂包括由Takasago生产的和得自Symrise的水合剂实例包括多元醇如赤藓醇。适宜的麻木剂包括苯佐卡因、利多卡因、丁香芽油和乙醇。加温剂实例包括乙醇、辣椒和烟酸酯,如烟酸苄酯。使用具有加温效应的试剂当然可以改变凉爽剂的冷却效应,并且将需要被考虑在内,尤其是在优化凉爽剂含量时。
混杂载体材料
在制备商用适宜的口腔组合物中使用的水应该优选是低离子含量的并且不含有机杂质。水的含量按本文所述含水组合物的重量计最多为约99%。这些水的量包括加入的游离水和由其他物质(如由山梨醇)带入的水。
本发明也可包括碱金属碳酸氢盐,它可以提供许多功能包括研磨、除臭、缓冲和调节pH值。碱金属碳酸氢盐是水溶性的,除非被稳定化,它在含水体系中易于释放二氧化碳。碳酸氢钠,也称为小苏打,是常用的碳酸氢盐。本发明的组合物可包含按重量计约0.5%至约30%的碱金属碳酸氢盐。
牙膏、牙粉和凝胶形式的本发明组合物通常包含某些增稠物质或粘合剂以提供所期望的稠度。优选的增稠剂是羧乙烯基聚合物、角叉菜聚糖、羟乙基纤维素和纤维素醚的水溶性盐,诸如羧甲基纤维素钠和羟乙基纤维素钠。也可使用天然树胶如刺梧桐树胶、黄原胶、阿拉伯树胶和黄蓍胶。胶态硅酸镁铝或细分的二氧化硅可用作部分增稠剂,以进一步改善纹理。增稠剂的用量通常为约0.1重量%至约15重量%。
本文所期望的组合物另一种任选组分是湿润剂。湿润剂可用于防止牙膏组合物因暴露于空气中而变硬,并且某些湿润剂也可赋予牙膏组合物期望的甜味。适用于本发明的湿润剂包括甘油、山梨醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇以及其它可食用的多元醇。湿润剂的含量按所述组合物的重量计一般为约0%至70%,优选约15%至55%。
通过缓冲剂的使用可调节本发明组合物的pH值。如本文所用,缓冲剂是指可用于将含水组合物如漱口水和牙科用溶液的pH优选调节至约pH4.0至约pH 8.0范围内的试剂。缓冲剂包括碳酸氢钠、磷酸一钠、磷酸三钠、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、酸式焦磷酸钠、柠檬酸和柠檬酸钠,并且含量通常按重量计为约0.5%至约10%。
泊洛沙姆可用于本发明的组合物中。泊洛沙姆属于非离子表面活性剂,并且也可用作乳化剂、粘合剂、稳定剂、以及其它相关的功能试剂。泊洛沙姆是以伯羟基封端的双官能嵌段聚合物,具有1,000至15,000以上范围内的分子量。泊洛沙姆以商品名Pluronics和Pluraflo由BASF售出,包括Poloxamer 407和Pluraflo L4370。
还可向本发明的组合物添加二氧化钛作为着色剂或遮光剂,其含量通常为按重量计约0.25%至约5%。
可用于本发明组合物中的其它任选试剂包括选自烷基-和烷氧基-聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚多元醇的聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚多元醇,如C12至C20烷基聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚多元醇,以及它们的混合物,以有助于提供积极的牙齿感觉有益效果。高度优选以商品名Abil EM90市售的鲸蜡基聚二甲硅氧烷共聚多元醇。聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚多元醇的含量一般为约0.01重量%至约25重量%,优选约0.1重量%至约5重量%。
使用方法
本发明还涉及通过使用本发明的组合物,改善整体牙齿健康、结构和外观的使用方法,所述组合物提供包括防腐蚀以及一种或多种防龋和控制口腔中细菌活性在内的有益效果,所述细菌造成不可取的病症,所述病症包括牙斑、牙结石、齿龈炎、牙周病和恶臭。当反复使用所述组合物时,这些组合物的有益效果可随时间而增加。
本文使用或处理的方法可包括使受试者的牙釉质表面和口腔粘膜与如本发明所述的口腔组合物接触。所述方法可包括用洁齿剂刷洗,或用洁齿剂浆液或漱口水漱洗。其它方法包括将局部用口腔凝胶、义齿产品、口喷剂或其它形式与受试者的牙齿和口腔粘膜接触。受试者可以是其牙齿表面与所述口腔组合物接触的任何人或动物。“动物”旨在包括家庭宠物或其它家畜,或关在笼中的动物。例如,处理方法可包括某个人使用一种洁齿剂组合物来刷洗狗的牙齿。另一个实例包括用口腔组合物将猫的嘴漱洗足够长的时间以观察有益效果。
实施例
以下实施例进一步描述和例证了本发明保护范围内的实施方案。所给出的这些实施例仅仅是为了举例说明,不应被认为是对本发明的限制,因为在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的条件下,可对其进行多种改变。
实施例I:防腐蚀
根据下列体外腐蚀循环方案,评定包含有机磷酸酯的本发明组合物的功效。
通过使用金刚石芯钻孔机,从拔出的人牙齿上切下3mm-4mm的芯核,制备牙齿(牙质或釉质)样本。将由当地外科医生收集的牙齿储存在保持在室温下的5%百里酚溶液中,直至使用。将样本固定在有机玻璃棒上,用牙科用丙烯酸树脂(Dura Base,Reliance Mfg.Co.)覆盖除表面以外的所有面。使用600号粒度的碳化硅-水浆液层磨以用于去除约50微米的样本外表面以确保样本间的同质性。然后用γ-氧化铝(Buehler No.3,BGamma Micropolish Alumina)打磨样本至镜面光面。
然后用耐酸性指/趾甲油(以近中-远中方式涂覆)覆盖每个样本约2/3的表面,使中央部分暴露,作为处理窗。覆盖的部分在整个实验期间保持被耐酸性指/趾甲油覆盖,用作稍后显微放射照相分析的参比(未处理)区域。将样本随机分配给四个处理组中的一组(4个样本/组)。
在第一天处理前,使每组样本在20mL新鲜的混合人体唾液中放置至少一小时以在样本表面上形成初始的表膜层。为开始处理阶段,在新鲜的混合人体唾液中制备测试有机磷酸酯水溶液和氟化物牙膏对照物的牙粉浆液(1∶3)。每个处理循环由如下步骤组成:牙粉浆液(2min)→在去离子蒸馏H2O中洗涤→唾液(1小时)→腐蚀考验(10min)→在去离子蒸馏H2O中洗涤→唾液。每天进行4次处理,共处理五天。牙粉处理由如下步骤组成,将样本在牙粉浆液中浸泡两分钟,同时以75rpm速率旋转样本。腐蚀考验由如下步骤组成,使每个处理组在12mL 1%的柠檬酸(室温下)中浸泡。在样本不处于处理状态的任何时间,使它们保持置于20mL的混合人体唾液中(搅拌)。唾液更新3次/天。晚上,使每组样本保持浸没在唾液中(室温下搅拌)。
处理5天后,采用标准横断显微照相(TMR)技术,截取每个样本的横截薄面(80-120μm厚)以进行评定。对每个样本的暴露处理区域,进行完全矿物质丧失(腐蚀)评定。各种烷基磷酸酯化合物的简单水溶液的结果以原样本表面总矿物质损失深度(以微米为单位)形式示于表1中,采用覆盖(未处理)区域作为解剖基准点。为进行比较,相对于水或包含氟化物的组合物来计算表面矿物质损失缩减百分比。
数据表明,与常规氟化物牙膏处理剂相比,当用包含烷基磷酸酯或烷基乙氧基磷酸酯的组合物处理牙齿时,因接触酸而导致的牙齿矿物质表面损失显著降低。表面保护功效的程度取决于烷基磷酸酯的结构以及溶液中的相应活性和与釉质表面的相应反应性。烷基磷酸酯在含水体系中的溶解度对表面功效起关键性作用。这些发现在包含有机磷酸酯的口腔组合物保护人体牙釉质防止酸性因素腐蚀的能力方面提供了所述组合物保护特性的强有力证据。
表1:表面矿物质损失
2 C12/13磷酸钾,由Croda提供
3 由Alzo提供的月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-3磷酸酯,用碱如NaOH中和
4 由Croda提供的PPG5鲸蜡硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚-10磷酸酯,用碱如NaOH中和
5 由Rhodia提供的月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-1磷酸酯,用NaOH中和
6 由Clariant提供的三月桂醇聚醚-4磷酸酯
实施例II:腐蚀防护和增强的氟化物摄取
对趋于改变表面特性的任何试剂的吸附也会影响同时递送的其它活性物质的扩散和吸附。氟化物,一种关键性的口腔护理活性物质,因其防龋有益效果而众所周知。此有益效果经由脱矿质和补充矿质过程期间氟化物的表面吸附和扩散来施加。在该实验中,对组合物进行表面腐蚀防护和氟化物摄取以提高防龋有益效果的评定。通过将有机磷酸酯测试物质加入到包含氟化物的常规牙膏中来制备用于这些实验中的处理剂,如表2所示。采用如实施例1中所述的体外腐蚀循环方案评定腐蚀防护作用。采用pH循环测试测定氟化物的摄取。用于此测试中的方案基本上等同于R.V.Faller等人在“The comparative anticaries efficacy of Crest toothpaste relativeto some marketed Chinese toothpastes-results of in vitro pH cycling testing”(Int.Dent J.,1997,47:313-320)中所述的方法。在pH循环测试中,从拔出的人牙齿中移除釉质盘。经由打磨和抛光移除天然富含氟化物的表面,呈现出基本上不含基底氟化物的人牙齿釉质表面。使每个样本接触缓冲的酸性溶液,造成与天然存在的龋齿损伤相类似的损伤显现。在人唾液中处理样本组,与测试产品/混合的人体唾液的混合物短时间接触,循环每日的酸考验,并且循环每日的唾液接触。因氟化物渗入量与各种牙膏制剂的防龋临床性能呈正相关性,在完成处理后,对每个样本取样以测定渗入到每个牙齿中的氟化物含量(以μgF/cm2为单位测定)。此研究的结果表明,相对于包含氟化物但不包含有机磷酸酯的牙膏对照物而言,包含氟化物+有机磷酸酯的牙膏提高了氟化物在去矿质釉质样本中的沉积。
腐蚀和氟化物摄取研究的结果总结于表3中。数据表明,不同的烷基磷酸酯对氟化物摄取的影响不同,这取决于分子结构。使表面更加疏水的烷基磷酸酯对氟化物摄取的影响程度大于产生较低疏水性表面的烷基磷酸酯。制剂G包含MAP 230K,其产生较高疏水性的表面并且提供良好的腐蚀防护,但是氟化物摄取较低,这是相对于制剂C、D、E、H、I和K而言的。后面的这些制剂包含具有乙氧基或大极性抗衡离子的烷基磷酸酯,这使得它们更加亲水并且影响它们的表面吸附行为以及随后的性能。更加亲水的有机磷酸酯提供相当的抗腐蚀有益效果,同时提供良好的氟化物摄取。数据表明,若干制剂项可同时提供防龋和抗腐蚀功效。例如,制剂J或制剂E牙膏递送优异的氟化物摄取度并且提供显著大于单独氟化物(制剂A)的腐蚀防护作用。
表2:牙膏制剂
2 C12/13磷酸钾,由Croda提供
3 由Alzo提供的月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-3磷酸酯,用碱如NaOH中和
4 由Croda提供的PPG5鲸蜡硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚-10磷酸酯,用碱如NaOH中和
5 由Rhodia提供的月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-1磷酸酯,用NaOH中和
6 由Clariant提供的三月桂醇聚醚-4磷酸酯
7 由Alzo提供的月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-9磷酸酯,用碱如NaOH中和
8 由Nikkol Chemical提供的二月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-10磷酸钠
9 由Croda提供的C12/13磷酸三乙醇胺
表3:表面保护和氟化物摄取
*未测定
实施例III:有机磷酸酯与多价金属离子的相容性
制备多价金属抗菌剂的含水制剂并且评定与如上所述的各种有机磷酸酯添加剂混合时的澄清度、化学成份和性能。所述组合物包含作为多价金属阳离子实施例的氟化亚锡与作为稳定剂和有机磷酸酯添加剂的葡萄糖酸钠或三聚磷酸钠的组合。所述组合物还包含锌。通过将增量的添加剂滴定到包含0.454%氟化亚锡/0.6%葡萄糖酸钠以及包含0.454%氟化亚锡/3.0%三聚磷酸钠的水溶液中来配制组合物。加入添加剂后,立即检测溶液的任何视觉变化,然后在离心后分析上清液中溶解的锡。视觉检查结果和溶解锡分析示于表4a和4b中。包含氟化亚锡和有机磷酸酯试剂的牙粉组合物示于表5中,并且这些组合物的腐蚀防护功效示于表6中。包含FoamphosL-9(月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-9磷酸酯,示于下文中的组合物N)作为有机磷酸酯添加剂的制剂获得澄清的氟化亚锡溶液和高含量的溶解亚锡,这显示了优异的组合物稳定性。此组合还提供有效的抗腐蚀特性,优于不含有机磷酸酯的亚锡(下文所示的组合物M)或不含亚锡的Foamphos L-9(上文所示的组合物D)。Foamphos L-9不仅稳定氟化亚锡,而且这些试剂一起提供增强的抗腐蚀活性。
表4a:氟化亚锡/葡萄糖酸钠溶液中的有机磷酸酯添加剂
添加剂 | 量(%) | 溶解的锡(ppm) | 视觉检测 |
月桂基硫酸钠 | 2.0 | 2033 | 澄清 |
Foamphos L-9 | 2.0 | 3145 | 稍浑浊 |
DLP-10 | 2.0 | 2886 | 澄清 |
Foamphos L-3 | 1.0 | 1371 | 稍许沉淀 |
MAP230K | 0.2 | 2015 | 稍许沉淀 |
MAP230K/椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱 | 2.0/2.0 | 1438 | 稍许沉淀 |
MAP L210 | 0.5 | 1419 | 稍许沉淀 |
MAP L210/椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱 | 1.0/1.0 | 918 | 稍许沉淀 |
表4b:氟化亚锡/三聚磷酸钠溶液中的有机磷酸酯添加型
添加剂 | 量(%) | 溶解的锡(ppm) | 视觉检测 |
月桂基硫酸钠 | 2.0 | 2589 | 澄清 |
Foamphos L-9 | 2.0 | 2511 | 澄清 |
Foamphos L-3 | 1.0 | 3496 | 稍浑浊 |
MAP 230K | 0.08 | 2814 | 稍许沉淀 |
MAP 230K/椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱 | 2.0/2.0 | 2626 | 稍许沉淀 |
MAP L210 | 2.0 | 1888 | 稍许沉淀 |
MAP L210/椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱 | 1.0/1.0 | 3577 | 稍浑浊 |
表5:包含亚锡和有机磷酸酯添加剂的牙粉制剂
(a)27.9%溶液
(b)1%溶液
表6:包含亚锡和有机磷酸酯添加剂的牙粉制剂的腐蚀防护性
实施例IV:阳离子抗菌剂和有机磷酸酯的相容性
与其它阳离子抗菌剂一样,西吡氯铵(CPC)不与阴离子添加剂如阴离子表面活性剂相容。CPC与阴离子物质混合产生沉淀并且丧失CPC生物利用率和抗菌性能。已惊奇地发现,许多本发明的阴离子有机磷酸酯表面活性剂与CPC相容,尤其是聚合物类型,即包含聚合烷氧基链。这些聚合的有机磷酸酯不仅获得澄清的CPC水溶液,而且保持了CPC的抗菌功效。此外,这些聚合物是表面活性的,并且通过阻止染色组分在牙齿表面上的吸附而有助于减轻CPC引起的牙齿变色。下列实施例表明了这些物质在保持CPC抗菌性能方面的有效性。
采用标准液体混合加工,在配备搅拌器和适当尺寸叶轮的不锈钢槽罐中制备包含CPC和聚合物的漱口水制剂。在辅助容器中,用有机磷酸酯组分乳化风味油组分。将所述乳液搅拌加入到大体积水中,直至完全分散,然后加入湿润剂、CPC、防腐剂、甜味剂和着色剂。最后加入水,并且进一步搅拌以确保所有成分完全溶解。
采用时间杀菌检测分析法评定漱口水制剂。将1mL种菌(来自5个供体的混合唾液)加入到9mL测试产品中,并且培养30秒。还测试水对照物。30秒后,去除1mL等分试样,并且加入到9mL中和的液体培养基中。制备一系列1∶10稀释液,然后放入到培养皿中,一式两份。使用三种不同的培养基:胰酶大豆琼脂(总需氧菌)、布氏血琼脂(厌氧菌)和ETSA-NV琼脂(革兰氏阴性厌氧菌)。将培养皿进行培养,然后计数。每组处理组合物相对于水对照物的缩减对数结果示于下表7中。数据显示,具有较长乙氧基链的聚合有机磷酸酯具有更好的与CPC的相容性,保持CPC的生物利用率和抗菌性能。对于链中具有小于3个乙氧基的有机磷酸酯聚合物,观察到显著的CPC活性损失。
采用如共同转让的专利申请WO 05/072693和S.J.Hunter-Rinderle等人的“Evaluation of Cetylpyridinium Chloride-Containing Mouthwashes UsingIn Vitro Disk Retention and Ex Vivo Plaque Glycolysis Methods”(J. Clin.Den.,1997,8:107-113)中所述的体外滤盘保留检测分析法(DRA),评定制剂中CPC的生物利用率。在试行OTC专论(Federal Register第68卷,第103期,部分356,“Oral Health Care Drug Products For Over-The-Counter Human Use;Antigingivitis/Antiplaque Drug Products;Establishment ofa Monograph:Proposed Rules”)中,这些检测分析法被推荐使用。此方法被设计作为一种性能检测分析法,用于分析包含约0.03%至约0.1%CPC的漱口水制剂,以定量测定临床功效所需的“游离的”(“非结合的”)或“生物可利用的”CPC的含量。DRA检测分析法测量在过滤一种未稀释的漱口水样本期间,“结合”到标准纤维素过滤盘上的CPC的量。“生物可利用的”CPC在过滤期间结合到纤维素纤维上的羟基上,而被称为“非生物可利用的”(或“结合的”)CPC通过与漱口水组分的相互作用,完全通过滤纸,即化合物上的阳性电荷不再结合到带负电的纤维素盘上。用这种方法,DRA测试提供一种在使用漱口水期间能够结合到细菌和粘膜表面的CPC量的估计。CPC可利用率的DRA测量已经是正相关于体外微生物检测分析法和体内细菌杀死测试的结果。在过去,纤维素纤维已被用于其它应用中以类似地监测药物活性物质的生物活性(“Official Methods ofAnalysis of the Association of Chemical Analytical Chemists”第13版中的“Dairy Products”,1980年,章节16:256)。“生物可利用的”CPC是与纤维素滤盘结合或吸附到纤维素滤盘上的CPC的量。这通过测量暴露于标准纤维素盘前后漱口水中CPC浓度的差异进行测定。此方法已经被验证并显示具有可接受的精确度、精密度和选择性。
表7:包含CPC和有机磷酸酯的漱口水制剂中CPC的生物利用率和
抗菌功效(总需氧菌)
*未测定
本文所公开的量纲和值不旨在被理解为严格地限于所述的精确值。相反,除非另外指明,每个这样的量纲旨在表示所引用的数值和围绕该数值的功能上等同的范围。例如,公开为“40mm”的量纲旨在表示“约40mm”。
除非明确地不包括或者其它限制,将本文所引用的每篇文献(包括任何交叉引用的或相关的专利或专利申请)在此以引用方式全文并入本文。任何文献的引用不是认可:其作为本文所公开的或要求保护的任何发明的现有技术,或者其单独或与任何其它参考文献组合,或者参考、提出、建议或者公开任何此类的发明。此外,当本文中术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入的文献中同一术语的任何含义或定义矛盾时,应当服从在本文中赋予该术语的含义或定义。
虽然已经举例说明和描述了本发明的具体实施方案,但是对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明实质和范围的情况下可以做出多个其他改变和变型。因此,旨在在随附权利要求书中包括属于本发明范围内的所有这些改变和变型。
Claims (9)
5.如权利要求4所述的口腔护理组合物,其中
(a)在所述有机磷酸酯中,R1为具有8至16个碳原子的烷基;n和m为2至3;并且a和b中的一者为至少3;并且
(b)所述氟化物源为氟化钠、氟化亚锡和单氟磷酸钠中的一者或它们的混合物。
6.如权利要求4所述的口腔护理组合物,其中
(a)在所述有机磷酸酯中,R1为具有8至16个碳原子的烷基;n和m为2至3;并且a和b中的一者为至少3;并且
(b)所述抗微生物剂为阳离子,所述阳离子选自西吡氯铵、溴化度米芬、亚锡离子源、锌离子源和铜离子源中的一者或它们的混合物。
7.如权利要求4所述的口腔护理组合物,其中
(a)在所述有机磷酸酯中,R1为具有8至16个碳原子的烷基;n和m为2至3;并且a和b中的一者为至少3;并且
(b)所述抗牙结石活性物质为具有2至125的磷酸根基团平均数的多磷酸盐。
8.如权利要求3至7中任一项所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述口腔可接受的载体包括阴离子或两性表面活性剂。
9.如权利要求8所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述表面活性剂为月桂基硫酸钠、椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱或它们的混合物。
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- 2008-06-25 CN CN200880129675.9A patent/CN102056648B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-25 KR KR1020107027675A patent/KR20110005736A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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CN103764113A (zh) * | 2011-08-02 | 2014-04-30 | 宝洁公司 | 具有改善的味道的水溶性表面活性剂组合物 |
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CN108463208B (zh) * | 2015-12-30 | 2021-12-07 | 高露洁-棕榄公司 | 口腔护理组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BRPI0822894B1 (pt) | 2016-10-18 |
CA2726077C (en) | 2014-11-18 |
AU2008359213A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
EP2293850B1 (en) | 2019-01-02 |
JP5631870B2 (ja) | 2014-11-26 |
CA2726077A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
US9161895B1 (en) | 2015-10-20 |
US20080247973A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
BRPI0822894A2 (pt) | 2015-06-30 |
KR20110005736A (ko) | 2011-01-18 |
EP2293850A2 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
MX2010014220A (es) | 2011-01-21 |
AU2008359213B2 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
US9139731B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 |
JP2011522871A (ja) | 2011-08-04 |
WO2010004361A3 (en) | 2010-09-10 |
CN102056648B (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
WO2010004361A2 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
RU2010148562A (ru) | 2012-07-27 |
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