CN101983139B - 用于确定控制内燃机的学习值的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于确定控制内燃机的学习值的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN101983139B
CN101983139B CN200880128464.3A CN200880128464A CN101983139B CN 101983139 B CN101983139 B CN 101983139B CN 200880128464 A CN200880128464 A CN 200880128464A CN 101983139 B CN101983139 B CN 101983139B
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O·贝克
C·韦泽
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/11—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand using model predictive control [MPC] strategies, i.e. control methods based on models predicting performance
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2441—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by the learning conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
    • F02D41/2464—Characteristics of actuators
    • F02D41/2467—Characteristics of actuators for injectors
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18072—Coasting
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于确定用于控制内燃机(100)的学习值的方法和装置。为此目的，一个第二驱动单元(120)，尤其是一个电动机，在一个特定的运行状态下拖带内燃机(100)运转。在所述运行状态下确定学习值。

Description

用于确定控制内燃机的学习值的方法和装置
现有技术
本发明涉及一种按照独立权利要求所述的装置和方法。
由现有技术已知一些用于控制内燃机的方法和装置，其中，一个设计成内燃机的第一驱动单元和一个第二驱动单元驱动一个汽车。这种汽车通常称为混合动力汽车。
为了不超过现今的排放极限值，在整个汽车寿命期间对内燃机喷射系统的(喷射)量的精确性提出了高要求。由于受到喷射器的样品分布(制造公差)、喷嘴磨损和喷嘴积炭的限制，不采用复杂的补偿策略是不能实现这些目标的。
为此需要在一定的运行状态下，例如在惯性运行中确定学习值，该学习值然后被用于修正各种不同的目标参数。一种这样的修正例如被称为零数量校准。通过这种零数量校准保证在汽车的寿命期间正确数量的预喷射。这种零数量校准确定喷射器的一个最小控制持续时间，在该时间期间，被喷射的燃料量发生预先限定的动力转换。这通过在惯性运行中一个限定的极限转速被超过进行检测。这种方法例如由DE4312586公开。
在此情况下的问题是，在确定学习值时，内燃机通常必须处于所谓的惯性运行状态。为了能够成功地确定这些学习值，除了惯性运行以外，一般还存在其它的边缘(边界)条件。这些其它的边缘条件中尤其是包括一个热态运行的发动机，一个具有限制的转速动力学的受限的转速范围和一个稳定状态的蓄压管压力。
由于存在这种问题，只有在一段较长的行驶距离例如3000km之后才能保证对学习值的学习掌握。因此只有在该行驶距离之后才配给正确的预喷射量。
本发明的公开
本发明的优点
与此相比，按照本发明的具有独立权利要求的特征的方法具有优点，即可以非常快速地在短的行驶距离之后确定学习值。这又导致可以实现精确的燃料配量。
按照本发明的方法此时并不局限于在零量校准情况下对学习值的确定。该方法可以应用于在惯性运行下确定学习值、尤其是修正值和/或匹配值的所有方法中。
该方法例如也可以用于确定传感轮匹配的学习值。由于在制造扇形轮时具有公差，其中可能出现轮齿不处于相同的间距上的情况。为了补偿这种公差，规定对基于传感轮的公差的偏差进行测量并且在随后的控制中加以考虑。
附图
本发明的实施例示于附图中并且在以下的说明书中详细描述。
附图中所示：
图1是一个混合动力汽车的主要部件，以及
图2是用于描述按照本发明的方法的流程图。
实施例的说明
图1中示出了一个混合动力汽车的一个实施形式的主要部件。100表示内燃机，该内燃机通过联结装置110与第二驱动单元120连接。第二驱动单元120与传动机构130连接。此外设有控制单元150。控制单元150处理布置在内燃机上的传感器160的信号和处理探测汽车运行状态或环境条件的传感器170的信号。此外设有调节器180，利用这些调节器可以影响内燃机的各种参数。例如设有可以影响时刻和/或喷射的燃料量的调节器。此外可以设有影响供给内燃机的空气量的调节器。
通常在混合动力汽车中设置不同的行驶状态。如果内燃机运转并且联接装置110将内燃机与第二驱动单元或与传动机构130连接起来，那么内燃机就驱动该传动机构并且由此驱动整个汽车。在这种情况下，第二驱动单元通常是不运行的。通过打开连接装置110使内燃机与传动机构分开。在这种情况下，可以通过第二驱动单元驱动该传动机构和由此驱动汽车。在这种情况下，汽车由第二驱动单元驱动。第二驱动单元优选设计成电动机。
如果现在制动汽车，那么联接装置110被打开，并且传动机构驱动第二驱动单元120并且电动机作为发电机运行。这导致的结果是发电机向能源中回馈能量。
通常规定，在用第二驱动单元120驱动汽车时连接装置110是被打开的并且内燃机处于静止。
现在按照本发明规定，在要确定学习值的运行状态中，只要第二驱动单元驱动汽车，就使连接装置110闭合。这意味着，在其中确定学习值的这些确定的运行状态中，第二驱动单元同时拖动内燃机运转。这意味着，使内燃机100运行在一种对应于通常的惯性运行的运行状态中。
在图1所示的实施例中涉及的是混合动力汽车的一种特殊的实施形式。按照本发明的方法不局限于这种实施形式。它可以在所有的混合动力系统中使用，在这些混合动力系统中，内燃机在没有喷射情况下由电驱动装置带动运行。
按照本发明规定，内燃机借助于第二驱动单元被置于一种人造的惯性运行中。然后在这种人造的惯性运行中确定学习值。在这种人造的惯性运行期间，汽车只由第二驱动单元驱动。内燃机没有为驱动汽车做出任何贡献。内燃机在这种运行状态下由第二驱动单元带动运转。
这意味着，在电驱动装置保证了汽车的牵引力的运行状态中，内燃机没有被脱开联接，而是保持联接状态并且由电机驱动。从内燃机方面来看，汽车由此处于惯性行驶中，也就是说，在这种行驶状态下可以确定学习值。
在此情况下有利的是，使用这种方法使得学习频率急剧提高并且由此显著加快了对学习值的学习掌握。现在不再需要任何纯粹的惯性运行，因为也可以在低负荷点中学习该学习值。这种低负荷点尤其是在城市中短时间的恒速行驶情况下和/或在轻微坡度的公路上行驶情况下出现。
优选在需要顺利地学习掌握学习值时实施上述方法。尤其是对于新汽车或者在工厂中更换了喷射器之后就是这种情况。这种方法在其中惯性运行的出现只是极罕见的情况的汽车应用中是尤其有利的。这尤其是针对自动变速器汽车以及经常在惯性运行转变之后不久脱开联接的司机。
在图2中示例性地依据一个流程图示出了按照本发明的方法。第一询问200检查是否进行了部件的新装配。尤其是在工厂停留一段时间之后或者在交付汽车之后是这种情况。如果是这种情况，那么接着进行询问210。
如果在步骤200中没有识别出新装配，那么询问220检查，是否自上次确定学习值以来已经过去了一定的时间段或者是否自上次确定学习值以来已经由汽车提供了一定的行驶功率。如果是这种情况，那么接着进行询问210。询问220保证，在一定的间隔中确定学习值。尤其是在一个固定的间隔中确定学习值。例如使用时间间隔作为间隔或者检查，是否汽车已经行驶了一定量的行驶距离。
如果询问220识别出，还没有达到这个间隔，那么在步骤250中进行正常运行。
询问210检查，是否存在一种其中可以引入人造的惯性运行的行驶状态。如果不是这种情况，那么使汽车在步骤250中在正常运行下运行。如果是这种情况，那么在步骤260中引入人造的惯性运行并且确定学习值。
所示实施形式只是示例性的。例如也可以规定电动机一直拖带着内燃机运行。在这种情况下仅仅检查是否存在一种这样的行驶状态。如果是这种情况，那么确定学习值。

Claims (7)

1.用于控制内燃机的方法，其中所述内燃机和一个第二驱动单元驱动一个汽车，其特征在于，在一个确定学习值的运行状态下所述第二驱动单元拖带所述内燃机运转并且在所述运行状态下确定学习值，其中，内燃机由第二驱动单元驱动并且不进行燃料喷射和由此被置于一种人造的惯性运行中。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二驱动单元涉及至少一个电动机。
3.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述运行状态下内燃机对汽车的驱动没有做出贡献。
4.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，作为学习值，确定一个最小控制持续时间。
5.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在固定的间隔中确定所述学习值。
6.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在工厂停留之后确定所述学习值。
7.用于控制内燃机的装置，其中内燃机和另一个驱动单元驱动一个汽车，其特征在于，设有机构，所述机构在一个确定学习值的运行状态下使第二驱动单元牵引内燃机并且在所述运行状态下确定学习值，其中，内燃机由第二驱动单元驱动并且不进行燃料喷射和由此被置于一种人造的惯性运行中。
CN200880128464.3A 2008-04-01 2008-12-05 用于确定控制内燃机的学习值的方法和装置 Expired - Fee Related CN101983139B (zh)

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DE102008000911.3 2008-04-01
DE102008000911A DE102008000911A1 (de) 2008-04-01 2008-04-01 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung einer Brennkraftmaschine
PCT/EP2008/066906 WO2009121435A1 (de) 2008-04-01 2008-12-05 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bestimmung von lernwerten für die steuerung einer brennkraftmaschine

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DE102008000911A1 (de) 2009-10-08
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EP2265455B1 (de) 2011-07-20
CN101983139A (zh) 2011-03-02
US20110082608A1 (en) 2011-04-07
EP2265455A1 (de) 2010-12-29
JP2011517637A (ja) 2011-06-16
KR101494489B1 (ko) 2015-02-17
WO2009121435A1 (de) 2009-10-08
US8620500B2 (en) 2013-12-31

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