Steady plant of laying hen and breeding layer chicken method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the poultry farming field, be specifically related to steady plant of a kind of laying hen and breeding layer chicken method.
Background technology
Since 1985, Chinese birds, beasts and eggs output occupies first place, the world always, and birds, beasts and eggs output in 2006 accounts for more than 44.5% of world wide production up to 2945.6 ten thousand t.In recent years, because the scale of aquaculture and livestock and poultry and products thereof circulation industry develops rapidly, make livestock and poultry pestilence, particularly big eqpidemic disease such as bird flu frequently takes place, and has caused the worry of people to livestock and poultry and products thereof safety problem thus.Exist eqpidemic disease to threaten and the lower puzzlement of the level of production at China's laying hen breeding scale always, be difficult to stable development.Its main cause is that the hen house construction is unreasonable, and feeding facility is simple and easy, and the coop ventilation condition is poor, and the sterilization poor management causes eqpidemic disease to infect easily.To the ignorance of herding engineerings such as chicken house addressing and architectural design, make chicken house (house) environment be difficult to control, Antiepidemic sterilizing can not thoroughly carry out, and buries potential safety hazard to chicken house.And chicken house (house) construction is investment in fixed assets, occupies very big proportion in whole raising chickens, and just is not easy reconstruction in case build up, if will reconstruct, certainly will result in greater loss.And a large amount of raising chickens facts have proved, under the condition that other every breed and control measures guarantee, the quality of hen house design directly affects the height of breeding production level.So scientific and reasonable hen house design is obtained maximum culture benefit for chicken house and is had crucial effects.
Raising along with the scale of raising chickens, intensification degree; the restrictive function of environment is beneficial more obviously; interrelated data shows; environmental factor accounts for 30% proportion; the quality of environmental quality directly influences the performance of laying hen productivity, and good environmental condition is the important assurance that the chicken genetic potential is given full play to.Ventilation is to regulate one of important means of environment of chicken house, and its effect directly influences the concentration of harmful substance in the interior temperature of house, humidity and the air.At present, many plants adopt gravity-flow ventilation and transversal ventilation more, its shortcoming is to need blower fan quantity too many, and power consumption is big, and wind speed is low, air-flow is inhomogeneous, environment intersects mutually between, and is seriously polluted, the livestock and poultry house longitudinal ventilation new technology of research and development at end of the eighties 21 century, in solving dissimilar livestock and poultry houses the dead corner problem, guarantee airflow homogeneity, the aspects such as mutual infection, raising health and epidemic prevention that reduce a my humble abode have obtained very big effect; Be incubated, add aspect the gentle cooling at hen house, the enforcement period of the ninth five-year plan has been researched and developed heat pipe and board-like two kinds of winter ventilations ventilation heat-energy recovering apparatus, to improve the temperature of the fresh air in the inlet chamber, alleviated the contradictory problems of livestock and poultry house winter ventilation and insulation to a certain extent.
But operation energy consumption that above-mentioned improvement and innovation still fail to solve existing plant is big, aquaculture cost high, the interior uppity hard nut to crack of environment of house.Promote the sustainable development of laying hen industry, must proceed reform and innovation, could further cut down the consumption of energy and environment is controlled cost, and then reach the purpose that improves the breeding layer chicken benefit present breeding layer chicken field and breeding layer chicken mode.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind ofly runs the steady plant of laying hen that energy consumption is low, aquaculture cost is low and the breeding environment condition is easy to control, and has provided the method for carrying out breeding layer chicken with this kind plant.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The steady plant of a kind of laying hen, the hen house that contains certain number (is taken all factors into consideration between hen house and is prevented epidemic, blowdown, factors such as angle between fire prevention and cardinal wind and hen house, be advisable apart from 3~5 times that are the hen house height between hen house), in described hen house, be laid with passage and chicken coop frame longitudinally successively at interval, below described chicken coop frame, be provided with the corresponding coprodaecum of letting out, be provided with illumination lamp in the described hen house, (can exceed roof 30~80cm, help the ventilation in summer at the described master who passes the roof who is arranged at intervals with some above the coprodaecum successively chimney and the pair chimney of bleeding of bleeding of letting out; The major and minor chimney spacing of bleeding can be 50~100cm), the described master part that chimney and the secondary chimney of bleeding be positioned at house of bleeding is the hyalomere section, described illumination lamp is arranged at bleed chimney and pair of described master respectively and bleeds in the chimney, described chicken coop frame is symmetrically distributed in described master chimney and the pair chimney both sides of bleeding of bleeding, the described master chimney lower port of bleeding extends the described coprodaecum middle and lower part of letting out, and the described pair chimney lower port of bleeding is close to the high-order bit of described chicken coop frame; Describedly let out coprodaecum width suitable for reading and described chicken coop frame upright projection width is complementary, its underpart collapses to the described master chimney lower port of bleeding and is complementary; Be provided with airway below described passage, described airway all is communicated to the air inlet that is positioned at the first end of this hen house windward, and this airway is via a plurality of cloth gas ports that are located at described passage place even gas distribution in hen house.The air inlet place also can be provided with air filter (purifying air), both air flow modulation mechanism (regulating the ventilation size, control She Neiwen, humidity and composition of air) etc. as required.Ventilation is the effective means of regulating the environment of chicken house condition, not only can import fresh air, discharges ammonia (NH
3), hydrogen sulphide (H
2S) etc. pernicious gas can also be regulated temperature, humidity.
Chicken coop, crib and drinking-water system are provided with according to a conventional method and get final product.
Described hen house front wall and/or back wall are provided with light inlet window.
The described coprodaecum of letting out passes through gradually and to form certain angle of inclination deeply, and passes to stercoroma pond or harmless treatment facility, and describedly lets out coprodaecum both sides inwall and diapire is smooth plain.
Described harmless treatment facility for plant breed scale be complementary go into the pond can satisfy turnover period biogas generating pit more than three months (as can be provided with four independently biogas generating pit can satisfy recycle in the anniversary), finally both can carry out harmless treatment, and can provide the high-quality fertilizer for agricultural production again ight soil.
Be provided with the standby ventilative skylight (airtight at ordinary times, can open in case of necessity add forced ventilation) of some at described hen house top; Bleed chimney and the secondary chimney of bleeding of described master is positioned at the outer portion's section outer wall coating heat-absorbing material of hen house, or this section made by heat absorption, and main bleed chimney and the pair chimney upper port of bleeding all is equipped with rainhat; Bleed chimney and pair of described master bled and is provided with air-flow plate in the chimney, in order to the size of conversion ventilation, and control She Neiwen, humidity and composition of air.
In bleeding chimney and/or the secondary chimney of bleeding, described master is provided with the air extractor that is complementary.
Be laid with the temperature adjustment grid at described airway, water feeder and/or stand-by boiler under this temperature adjustment grid ground connection, and in the airway at described cloth gas port place, be provided with the standby blast apparatus (can enable in case of necessity and strengthen ventilating in the house) that is complementary.
Described stand-by boiler is arranged at hen house one end; Described underground water supply device is the interior towerless water supply device of basement that is arranged on hen house one end, extracts underground phreatic water.
Be provided with droplet water pipe longitudinally described letting out on the coprodaecum two side near the upper edge position, drop down onto the chicken manure of letting out on the coprodaecum two side in order to wash away.
Be provided with at described hen house one end and put the stock ground.
Also be provided with standby soup blending bin at described house one end, be communicated to drinking-water system water inlet interface, when needs are the chicken supply of chemical by drinking-water system, can enable this soup blending bin with the pipeline of being with stop valve.
The plant of clear area plantation plant height≤1m in described plant, as vegetables, medicinal material, herbage etc., but both additional incomes also can guarantee the conversion of the carbonic acid gas and the oxygen of an interior subenvironment, the while can also provide an amount of green forage for chicken.
The steady cultural method of a kind of laying hen is cultured in the steady plant of above-mentioned laying hen, may further comprise the steps:
(1) brood time is selected healthy chicken active, that size is neat, and environmental condition control is as follows in stocking density and the house:
Age in week |
Stocking density (only/m
2)
|
Temperature (℃) |
Relative moisture (%) |
Light application time (h/d) |
Intensity of illumination (W/m
2)
|
1~2 |
30~40 |
34~28 |
65~70 |
18~24 |
2~3 |
3~4 |
20~30 |
26~30 |
55~65 |
16~18 |
2~3 |
5~6 |
15~20 |
25~28 |
55~60 |
14~16 |
2~3 |
7~8 |
11~l5 |
20~25 |
55~60 |
12~14 |
2~3 |
Other same conventional method;
(2) 20~25/m of finishing period stocking density
2, 20 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 55~60%, light application time 8~10h/d, intensity of illumination 1~1.3W/m
2, other same conventional method;
(3) 15~20/m of laying period stocking density
2, winter, stocking density can improve about 30%, 15~23 ℃ of temperature, and humidity 60~70% since 20 ages in week, increases light application time 0.5h weekly until 14~16h/d, and increases intensity of illumination to 4~5W/m
2, when chicken is eliminated preceding 4 weeks, again light application time progressively is increased to 17h until superseded; Feeding does not contain antibiotic dry mash every day 1~2 time, day scale of feeding 100~120 grams/only; In time choose egg and create no egg environment, to improve the laying rate of chicken;
Ventilation is to require to determine according to heat Balance Calculation or according to harmful gas concentration control.Generally, the ventilation (m of laying hen per kilogram of body weight under the condition of different temperatures
3/ h):
Temperature (℃) |
5~10 |
10~15 |
15~20 |
20~25 |
25~30 |
30~35 |
Ventilation |
1.8~2.3 |
2.3~2.7 |
2.7~3.1 |
3.1~3.5 |
3.5~3.9 |
3.9~4.3 |
Other same conventional method.
Color and light application time that can not flip-flop light should get brighter or gradually dark for the adjusting of intensity of illumination, and the time of replenishing illumination should be from short to long, and early, replenish to good evening, so that increase the feed intake of chicken.
Supply water with the nipple-shape drinking bowl, not only can keep drinking water hygiene, reduce water consumption, reduce labor intensity, also help to reduce the water content in the ight soil.
The present invention has actively useful effect:
1. hen house structural design novelty is ingenious, the air that can rely on natural wind (blast effect) and house internal-external temperature difference (hot pressing function) to form flows naturally, and can avoid occurring abominable microclimates such as dead angle and harmful wind, the hen house inner air and outer air is exchanged, keep the long-term pure and fresh and uniformity of air in the house.
2. chicken house is rationally distributed, and complete function when ensureing ventilation, helps daylighting, reaches implementing of other every health measure, and every environmental index is controlled (material, water, light, temperature, wind, space and health) in being convenient to give up.
3. the major and minor chimney of bleeding in the house is used, and can make to form the gas bath type windstream in the house, makes the chicken body host property lift-off thalline can superinfection from body.
4. liquid dung can make ight soil arrange in a row fast to house and carries out harmless treatment from heat-extraction system, both avoided dirty gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, no protein band thalline be floating and harmful substance volatilization to be floated in the house, eliminated pollution and source of infection again, and this system can make raising labour intensity lower.
5. adopt ground temperature supply method, winter temperature is not less than 13 degree in the house, and summer temp is not higher than 26 degree, can make in the house cool in summer and warm in winter.
6. minimizing harmful and foul gas can reduce chicken respiratory disease incidence widely, and for the prevention other diseases is laid a good foundation, and the sterilization burden is light, the health care medication is few, and the breed expense greatly reduces, and the steady epidemic situation of whole breed is few, power and insulation energy consumption are low, and culture benefit significantly improves.
7. the present invention side of breed has egg production height, feed conversion rate height, feed saving, laying hen survival rate height, disease incident is low and the advantage of efficiency (promptly layer breeding is counted height per capita).
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the steady plant of an a kind of laying hen integral layout schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a hen house plane figure schematic diagram in the steady plant of laying hen;
Fig. 3 is a hen house end view in the steady plant of laying hen;
Fig. 4 is hen house cross-sectional view in the steady plant of laying hen (the A-A view of Fig. 3);
Fig. 5 is the chimney position distribution schematic diagram of bleeding (the B-B view of Fig. 4) in the hen house in the steady plant of laying hen.
1 is hen house among the figure, and 2 is office space and warehouse, and 3 is the decontamination of human excreta treatment facility, 4,10,16 is passage, 5,7,13,15 is the chicken coop frame, 6,14 for letting out coprodaecum, 8 are the pair chimney of bleeding, 9,11 is the main chimney of bleeding, and 12 is the cloth gas port, 17 is air inlet, 18 is stand-by boiler, and 19 for putting the stock ground, and 20 is towerless water supply device, 21 is standby ventilative skylight, 22,36 is illumination lamp, 23,24 is rainhat, and 25 is crossbeam, 26,27,28,29 is micro pipette, 30,31 is light inlet window, 32,33,34 is airway, and 35 is She Ding, 37,38,39 are temperature adjustment grid, 40 standby soup blending bins.
Embodiment
1 one kinds of steady plants of laying hen of embodiment, referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, containing distance between the hen house 1(hen house of certain number is advisable for 3~5 times of hen house height), three 4,10,16 and two groups of Sipaian Stage ladder type chicken coops of passage frame 5,7,13,15 layings are at interval successively longitudinally arranged in hen house 1, being provided with the corresponding coprodaecum 6,14 of letting out below two groups of chicken coop framves, is square 0.7 * 0.7=0.49 ㎡ letting out the master who passes house top 35 who all is arranged at intervals with some above the coprodaecum 6,14 successively chimney 9 and the pair chimney 8(cross section of bleeding of bleeding; The major and minor chimney spacing 60cm that bleeds), the main chimney 9 of bleeding is the hyalomere section with the part that the secondary chimney 8 of bleeding is positioned at house, and the two is positioned at pitch-dark layer of the outer portion's section outer wall coating of hen house, and its upper port is equipped with rainhat 23,24; Main bleed chimney 9 and the pair chimney 8(illumination lamp of bleeding that is arranged at of illumination lamp 36 correspondences in the hen house 1 is just arranged in pairs or groups, be as the criterion by the light uniformity with the chicken in giving up) in, the row of two in every group chicken coop framves are symmetrically distributed in main bleed chimney 9 and pair chimney 8 both sides of bleeding in the house, main chimney 9 lower port of bleeding extend described coprodaecum 22 middle and lower parts of letting out, and all pairs chimney 8 lower port of bleeding are close to the high-order bit of chicken coop frame; The upright projection width of letting out coprodaecum 6, the 14 width suitable for reading staged chicken coop frame group corresponding with it is complementary, and its underpart collapses to main chimney 9 lower port of bleeding and is complementary; Close upper edge position all is equipped with the corresponding water pipe of droplet longitudinally 26,27,28,29 on coprodaecum 6,14 two sides letting out, drop down onto the chicken manure of letting out on the coprodaecum two side in order to wash away, it is smooth straight to let out coprodaecum 6,14 both sides inwalls and diapire, gradually form certain angle of inclination deeply from its end to end, can make ight soil from flowing to harmless treatment facility 3; Below passage 4,10,16, be provided with corresponding airway 32,33,34, airway 32,33,34 all is communicated to the air inlet 17 that is positioned at the first end of this hen house windward, and airway 32,33,34 is via a plurality of cloth gas ports 12 that are located at passage 4,10,16 places even gas distribution in hen house, also be laid with temperature adjustment grid 37,38,39 respectively at airway 32,33,34, this temperature adjustment grid connects the towerless water supply device 20(basement that is positioned at hen house one end, in order to extract underground phreatic water) and stand-by boiler 18.Hen house front wall and Hou Qiang are provided with light inlet window 30,31.Be provided with at hen house one end and put stock ground 19.Also be provided with standby soup blending bin 40 at house one end, be communicated to drinking-water system water inlet interface, when needs are the chicken supply of chemical by drinking-water system, can enable this soup blending bin 40 with the pipeline of being with stop valve.
Harmless treatment facility 3 by four independently biogas generating pit constitute, can satisfy recycling in the anniversary.Biogas generating pit fermentation, biogas can be used as eco-friendly power source, and for heating, illumination, heat up water and cook, generate electricity use, the natural pond slag is again good environment-protecting type organic fertilizer.
Being provided with a standby ventilative skylight 21(0.2m * 0.3m * 0.4m at described hen house top every 3.5m is removable cover closedtop enclosed).Main bleed chimney and pair are bled and are provided with air-flow plate (not drawing among the figure) in the chimney, size in order to the conversion ventilation, control She Neiwen, humidity and composition of air, in bleeding chimney, bleed chimney and pair also be provided with standby ventilating fan (not drawing among the figure), 25 places, crossbeam position can be set, be convenient to fix.
The plant of clear area plantation plant height≤1m in described plant, as vegetables, medicinal material, herbage etc., but both additional incomes also can guarantee the conversion of the carbonic acid gas and the oxygen of an interior subenvironment, the while can also provide an amount of green forage for chicken.
Approach gate is arranged on the higher side of physical features, goes out egg, goes out chicken and go out Fei Men to be arranged on the low end of physical features.Do not establish cross road between house row, be provided with in wide 3~5m around the field road.Last trade (hardening width 3m) and following trade (the hardening width 2m) of road surface sclerosis are set in, data feedback channel is for advancing people, feeding-passage, down going channel is for going out egg, go out chicken and go out the fertilizer passage, and both sides, following trade are provided with the sclerosis drain ditch of wide 0.5m, dark 0.5m.Close on inside outside the venue that living area, warehouse, power supply room can be laid in road and the higher zone of physical features, auxiliary facility such as between supplying water.Can excavate perimeter trench (ditch bottom width 3m, wide 5~6m suitable for reading around supporting the field, dark 2m), keeps the depth of water in the ditch more than 0.6m, can plant the water plants of the lotus rhizome that has an economic benefit, water caltrop and so in the ditch, and in water, put trash fish in a suitable place to breed, be beneficial to the circularly purifying of water body.
14.85 mu of the total floor spaces of this plant, wherein road takes up an area of 2.45 mu, and hen house takes up an area of 6.21 mu, and the living area is taken up an area of 0.63 mu, and biogas generating pit takes up an area of 0.57 mu, and vegetation is taken up an area of 5.03 mu.Can hold 44800 of laying hens, hen house is a south-north direction, and the biogas generating pit top is established day-light greenhouse fully.
In above-mentioned plant, carry out the method that laying hen is steadily cultured, comprise following key step:
(1) young bird should be cultivated in 2~March the brood time spring, the autumn young bird should cultivate in 8~September, select healthy chicken active, that size is neat, environmental condition control is as follows in stocking density and the house:
Age in week |
Stocking density (only/m
2)
|
Temperature (℃) |
Relative moisture (%) |
Light application time (h/d) |
Intensity of illumination (W/m
2)
|
1~2 |
30~40 |
34~28 |
65~70 |
18~24 |
2~3 |
3~4 |
20~30 |
26~30 |
55~65 |
16~18 |
2~3 |
5~6 |
15~20 |
25~28 |
55~60 |
14~16 |
2~3 |
7~8 |
11~l5 |
20~25 |
55~60 |
12~14 |
2~3 |
Other same conventional method;
(2) 20~25/m of finishing period stocking density
2, 20 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 55~60%, light application time 8~10h/d, intensity of illumination 1~1.3W/m
2, other same conventional method;
(3) 15~20/m of laying period stocking density
2, winter, stocking density can improve about 30%, 15~23 ℃ of temperature, and humidity 60~70% since 20 ages in week, increases light application time 0.5h weekly until 14~16h/d, and increases intensity of illumination to 4~5W/m
2, when chicken is eliminated preceding 4 weeks, again light application time progressively is increased to 17h until superseded; Feeding does not contain antibiotic dry mash every day 1~2 time, and to be placed at 3 o'clock in afternoon better if once feed; If twice is fed, should adopt at 9 o'clock in the morning and afternoon respectively to feed once at 3 o'clock, day scale of feeding 100~120 grams/only, suitably increase and decrease feeding capacity according to body weight change, be advisable not influence to lay eggs,, should guarantee certain dead slot time every day in order to keep the vigorous appetite of chicken, the one, can prevent that feed from depositing at crib for a long time goes mouldy, and the 2nd, can prevent that chicken from producing apocleisis and bad habit particular about food; In time choose egg and create no egg environment, to improve the laying rate of chicken; Other same conventional method.
Color and light application time that can not flip-flop light should get brighter or gradually dark for the adjusting of intensity of illumination, replenish the time of illumination and should (mend red light) from short to long according to increasing egg production, and early, replenish evening, so that increase the feed intake of chicken.
Supply water with the nipple-shape drinking bowl, not only can keep drinking water hygiene, reduce water consumption, reduce labor intensity, also help to reduce the water content in the ight soil.