CN101855261A - 耐曲挠性改善的泡沫聚氨酯 - Google Patents
耐曲挠性改善的泡沫聚氨酯 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101855261A CN101855261A CN200880115883A CN200880115883A CN101855261A CN 101855261 A CN101855261 A CN 101855261A CN 200880115883 A CN200880115883 A CN 200880115883A CN 200880115883 A CN200880115883 A CN 200880115883A CN 101855261 A CN101855261 A CN 101855261A
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- Prior art keywords
- weight
- foamed polyurethane
- isocyanate groups
- molecular weight
- acid
- Prior art date
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- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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Abstract
本发明涉及这样的泡沫聚氨酯,其可通过将下列物质混合得到一种反应混合物并使所述反应混合物反应而获得:a)多异氰酸酯,b)带有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的高分子化合物,c)固体颗粒,d)促进剂,e)任选的增链剂、交联剂或其混合物,f)任选的催化剂和g)任选的其他添加剂;其中增链剂的比例基于组分a)至f)的总重量计小于6重量%,固体颗粒的含量基于组分a)至f)的总重量计大于15重量%,且带有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的高分子化合物的平均官能度小于2.5。本发明还涉及一种包含本发明的泡沫聚氨酯的模制体,涉及一种制备泡沫聚氨酯的方法并涉及本发明的模制体用作鞋底的用途。
Description
本发明涉及这样的泡沫聚氨酯,其可通过将下列物质混合得到一种反应混合物并使所述反应混合物反应完全而获得:a)多异氰酸酯,b)含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物,c)固体颗粒,d)发泡剂,e)如果合适,增链剂、交联剂或其混合物,f)如果合适,催化剂和g)如果合适,其他添加剂;其中增链剂的比例基于组分a)至f)的总重量计小于6重量%,固体颗粒的含量基于组分a)至f)的总重量计大于15重量%,且含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物的平均官能度小于2.5。本发明还涉及一种包含本发明的泡沫聚氨酯的模制品,一种制备本发明的泡沫聚氨酯的方法,及本发明的模制品用作鞋底的用途。
本发明的其他实施方案述于权利要求、说明书和实施例中。毫无疑问地,本发明主题的上述特征以及将在下文说明的特征不仅可以以各自所述的结合方式应用,而且在不偏离本发明范围的情况下,还可以以其他结合方式应用。
由于其广泛的性质特征,聚氨酯如今已用于多种应用中。聚氨酯既可以以致密形式又可以以泡沫形式使用。特别是,微孔弹性体和整皮泡沫可以与橡胶相抗衡。例如,EP 1042384描述了用于鞋底的密度为从150至500g/l的泡沫聚氨酯,所述泡沫聚氨酯通过将一种包含具有2个或更多个羟基的聚醚多元醇的多元醇组分、一种包含聚合物颗粒的聚合物多元醇、和增链剂在发泡剂的存在下与多异氰酸酯反应获得。聚合物颗粒的比例基于所述聚醚多元醇和聚合物多元醇的总重量计为10至30重量%。在实施例中,主要使用三官能的多元醇。
与橡胶相比,此类聚氨酯的优势在于所需的机械性能,例如拉伸强度或断裂伸长,可以以比橡胶更低的密度实现,且可省去费时的橡胶硫化步骤;另一方面,橡胶的优势在于具有更好的防滑性质(特别是更好的防湿滑性质)、更好的耐曲挠性质(特别是在低温下),和更好的触觉性质(即触摸时感觉更舒适)。
本发明的一个目的是提供具有改善的防滑性质(特别是防湿滑性质)、更好的耐曲挠性质(甚至在低温下),和类似橡胶的触觉性质的聚氨酯。
本发明的目的通过这样的泡沫聚氨酯实现,所述泡沫聚氨酯可通过将下列物质混合得到一种反应混合物并使所述反应混合物反应完全而获得:a)多异氰酸酯,b)含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物,c)固体颗粒,d)发泡剂,e)如果合适,增链剂、交联剂或其混合物,f)如果合适,催化剂和g)如果合适,其他添加剂;其中增链剂的比例基于组分a)至f)的总重量计小于6重量%,固体颗粒的含量基于组分a)至f)的总重量计大于15重量%,且含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物的平均官能度小于2.5。
泡沫聚氨酯是已知的,且包含所有已知多异氰酸酯聚加合物的DIN 7726泡沫和含至少50重量%的多异氰酸酯聚加合物的共混聚合物的DIN 7726泡沫。根据DIN EN ISO 845,所述泡沫聚氨酯的总密度为从150g/l至1100g/l、优选从200至1000g/l并且特别优选从500至950g/l。
优选地,所述泡沫聚氨酯以弹性泡沫形式使用,特别是以具有致密表面和多孔中心的弹性聚氨酯模制品——所谓的整皮聚氨酯泡沫——形式使用。对于整皮聚氨酯泡沫及其制备已知之甚久,并描述于例如Modern Shoemaking No.61:Solings,November 2001,StephenAbbott and Mike George,Satra Technology Centre 2001。整皮聚氨酯泡沫用于不同领域。一种典型用途是用作鞋底,例如用于便鞋、运动鞋、凉鞋和靴,还用于汽车内饰领域,如方向盘、头枕、车门侧面部件、车仪表板、车中央控制台或换档把手。其他合适的应用有椅子扶手或摩托车座。
在本发明的上下文中,整皮聚氨酯泡沫的含义应理解为具有多孔中心和致密表面、且由于成形过程而使得边缘区比中心密度高的DIN
7726聚氨酯泡沫。根据DIN EN ISO 845,中心和边缘区的平均的总密度为150至1100g/L、优选200至1000g/L并且特别是500至950g/L。
多异氰酸酯(a)包含现有技术中已知的脂族、脂环族和芳香族双官能或多官能的异氰酸酯(成分a-1),及其任意所需混合物。实例有二苯甲烷4,4’-二异氰酸酯、二苯甲烷2,4’-二异氰酸酯、单体二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯与核数更多的二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯同系物的混合物(聚合物MDI)、四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯或甲苯2,6-二异氰酸酯(TDI),或所述异氰酸酯的混合物。
优选使用4,4’-MDI。优选使用的4,4’-MDI可包含从0至20重量%的2,4’-MDI和少量——最高达约10重量%——的经脲基甲酸酯改性的或经脲酮亚胺改性的多异氰酸酯。也可使用少量的聚亚苯基聚亚甲基多异氰酸酯(聚合物MDI)。这些较高官能的多异氰酸酯的总量不应超过所用异氰酸酯的5重量%。
所述多异氰酸酯组分(a)优选以多异氰酸酯预聚物的形式使用。这些多异氰酸酯预聚物可通过使上述多异氰酸酯(a-1)与多元醇(a-2)——例如在从30至100℃的温度、优选在约80℃——反应得到所述预聚物而获得。4,4’-MDI和经脲酮亚胺改性的MDI一起与基于聚酯(例如起源于己二酸)、聚醚(例如起源于环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷)或聚四氢呋喃(PTHF)的市售可得多元醇或聚碳酸醇(polycarbonatole)(例如欧洲专利申请EP 07101407.0中描述的)优选用于制备本发明的预聚物。
多元醇(a-2)是本领域技术人员已知的,并描述于例如“Kunststoffhandbuch,volume 7,Polyurethane”,Carl Hanser Verlag,3rd edition,1991,chapter 3.1中。
基于醚的预聚物优选通过使多异氰酸酯(a-1)——特别优选4,4’-MDI——与双官能或三官能聚氧丙烯多元醇和/或聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯多元醇反应而获得。其制备主要通过使环氧丙烷单独地或以与环氧乙烷的混合物或嵌段的形式与H-官能团(特别是OH-官能团)引发剂发生通常已知的碱催化加成反应而实现。使用的引发剂有,例如水、乙二醇或丙二醇或甘油或三羟甲基丙烷。此外,多金属氰化物——所谓的DMC催化剂——也可用作催化剂。此外,路易斯酸如三氟化硼可用作催化剂。在以下b)中描述的聚醚优选用作组分(a-2)。
使用环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷混合物时,基于环氧烷的总量,环氧乙烷优选以10-50重量%的量使用。环氧烷的纳入此处可通过嵌段或以无规混合物形式实现。纳入环氧乙烷末端嵌段(“EO末端”)以提高更具反应活性的末端伯OH基团的含量是特别优选的。所述多元醇(a-2)的数均分子量优选为从400至4500g/mol。
如果合适,在所述异氰酸酯预聚物的制备中向所述多元醇中加入常规增链剂或交联剂。此类物质描述于以下e)中。双丙甘醇或三丙二醇特别优选地用作增链剂或交联剂。
含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物b)的分子量大于400g/mol。所述分子量优选大于550g/mol,可以是例如聚醚醇(polyetherole)、聚酯醇(polyesterole)或聚碳酸醇,所述含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物的平均官能度小于2.5。
聚醚醇通过已知方法制备,例如由一种或多种在其亚烷基基团中具有2至4个碳原子的环氧烷,通过使用碱金属氢氧化物或碱金属醇化物作为催化剂并加入至少一种每分子含有2或3个对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的键合氢原子的引发剂进行阴离子聚合,或通过使用路易斯酸例如五氯化锑或氟化硼醚合物进行阳离子聚合。合适的环氧烷有例如四氢呋喃、1,3-环氧丙烷、1,2-环氧丁烷或2,3-环氧丁烷以及优选的环氧乙烷和1,2-环氧丙烷。此外,多金属氰化物——所谓的DMC催化剂——也可用作催化剂。所述环氧烷可单独使用,顺序交替使用或以混合物的形式使用。1,2-环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷的混合物是优选的,其中环氧乙烷以从10至50%的量用作末端亚乙基氧嵌段(“EO末端”)以使形成的多元醇含有70%以上的末端伯OH基团。
合适的引发剂分子为水或二元醇或三元醇,例如乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇和1,3-丙二醇、二甘醇、双丙甘醇、1,4-丁二醇、甘油或三羟甲基丙烷,优选乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇和1,3-丙二醇、二甘醇、双丙甘醇、三丙二醇和1,4-丁二醇。
所述聚醚多元醇——优选聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯多元醇——的平均官能度为从1.7至4、特别优选从1.8至3、特别是从1.9至2.5,其分子量为从1000至12000g/mol、优选从1400至8000g/mol、特别优选从1700至6000g/mol。特别地,所用的聚醚多元醇为从双官能的引发剂开始通过DMC催化制备的那些。
聚四氢呋喃也优选用作聚醚多元醇。其官能度通常为从1.8至3、优选从1.9至2.5、特别优选为约2,且数均分子量通常为从500至4000g/mol、优选从750至3000g/mol、特别优选从800至2500g/mol、特别是约2000g/mol。
聚酯多元醇可以例如由含有2至12个碳原子的有机二元羧酸(优选含有4至6个碳原子的脂族二元羧酸)和含有2至12个碳原子(优选2至6个碳原子)的多元醇——优选二元醇——制备。合适的二元羧酸的实例有:琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十二烷二酸、马来酸、富马酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸和对苯二甲酸。所述二元羧酸可单独使用,也可以混合物形式使用。除了游离的二元羧酸,还可以使用相应的二元羧酸衍生物,例如含有1至4个碳原子的醇的二羧酸酯或二羧酸酐。优选使用包含重量份比例为例如20-35∶50-20∶20-32的琥珀酸、戊二酸和己二酸的二元羧酸混合物,特别是优选使用己二酸。二元醇和多元醇——特别是二元醇——的实例有:乙二醇、二甘醇、1,2-丙二醇或1,3-丙二醇、双丙甘醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,10-癸二醇、甘油和三羟甲基丙烷。优选使用乙二醇、二甘醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇和1,6-己二醇。此外可使用由内酯(如ε-己内酯)或羟基羧酸(如ω-羟基己酸)获得的聚酯多元醇。
为制备所述聚酯多元醇,可将所述有机——例如芳香族并优选脂族——多元羧酸和/或多元羧酸衍生物和多元醇在以下条件下进行缩聚至所需的酸值,其中所述酸值优选小于10,特别优选小于2:在不存在催化剂的情况下或优选在酯化催化剂的存在下,合适地在包含惰性气体例如氮气、一氧化碳、氦气、氩气等的环境下,以150至250℃、优选180至220℃的温度的熔体的形式,如果合适在降低的压力下。根据一种优选实施方案,将所述酯化混合物在以下条件下进行缩聚至酸值从80至30、优选从40至30:在上述温度下,在大气压力下并接下来在低于500毫巴的压力下、优选从50至150毫巴的压力下。合适的酯化催化剂有,例如金属、金属氧化物或金属盐形式的铁、镉、钴、铅、锌、锑、镁、钛和锡催化剂。但所述缩聚也可以以液相在稀释剂和/或用于共沸蒸馏掉缩合水的夹带剂——例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯或氯苯——的存在下进行。为制备所述聚酯多元醇,所述有机多元羧酸和/或多元羧酸衍生物与多元醇有利地以1∶1-1.8、优选1∶1.05-1.2的摩尔比进行缩聚。
得到的聚酯多元醇优选具有从1.8至4、特别优选从1.9至3、特别是从2.0至2.5的官能度,以及从480至5000g/l、优选从1000至4500g/l、特别是从1600至4500g/l的分子量。
包含聚醚醇和聚酯醇的混合物优选用作相对高分子量化合物b)。
对本发明而言必要的是所述包含对异氰酸酯有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物的平均官能度小于2.5。优选,所述包含对异氰酸酯有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物的平均官能度小于2.2。包含正好两个对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物——所谓的二元醇——的比例大于50重量%、特别优选大于80重量%、特别是100重量%,基于所述包含对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物b)的总重量计。
合适的固体颗粒c)为具有增强效果的所有固体。其优选包含平均粒子直径为从0.001至100μm,优选从0.01至50μm,特别优选从0.1至10μm的颗粒。颗粒大小分布可以是单模态(monomodal)或双模态(bimodal)或多模态(multimodal)的。固体颗粒c)包含无机和有机固体。可使用的无机固体有,例如硫酸钡、硫酸钙、碳酸钙、硅酸盐如热解法二氧化硅,或甲硅烷基化的硅酸盐。使用的甲硅烷基化的硅酸盐优选为烷基甲硅烷基化的硅酸盐,所述一个或多个烷基基团优选具有1至18个碳原子。可使用的有机固体有,例如聚合物聚醚醇、聚脲分散体、环氧化物分散体和多异氰酸酯聚加合多元醇。此类固体及其制备方法描述于,例如Mihail Ionescu,Chemistry andTechnology of Polyols for Polyurethanes,Rapra Technology Ltd.,2005,ISBN:185957-491-2中。
固体颗粒优选含有至少一个对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团。特别优选地,所述固体颗粒c)分散存在于至少一种所述相对高分子量化合物b)中。如果分散介质为这样的聚醚醇或聚酯醇,其中包含通过自由基聚合得到的聚合物的固体颗粒以分散相存在,那么该分散体也被称作聚合物多元醇。
在本发明中,使用聚合物多元醇是特别优选的。除了分散介质,添加另外的包含对异氰酸酯有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物b)也可省去。
通常,聚合物多元醇是已知的并且市售可得。聚合物多元醇通过以下方式制备:使用一种自由基引发剂(通常为偶氮化合物或过氧化合物)使单体(优选丙烯腈、苯乙烯和如果合适其他单体)、大分子单体,以及如果合适缓和剂(moderator)在作为连续相的聚醚醇或聚酯醇中进行自由基聚合。构成连续相从而构成分散介质的聚醚醇或聚酯醇也常被称为载体多元醇。专利US 4568705、US 5830944、EP 163188、EP 365986、EP 439755、EP 664306、EP 622384、EP 894812和WO 00/59971在此处可以制备聚合物多元醇的实例的方式被提及。
这通常为丙烯腈、苯乙烯或优选地苯乙烯和丙烯腈的混合物——例如重量比为从90∶10至10∶90、优选从70∶30至30∶70——的原位聚合。
合适的载体多元醇为在b)中描述的所有多元醇。大分子单体也称为稳定剂,是分子量≥1000g/mol的直链或支链聚醚醇,其含有至少一个末端的、反应性烯属不饱和基团。所述烯属不饱和基团可通过与以下物质反应而连接至存在的多元醇:羧酸如丙烯酸,羧酰卤如丙烯酰氯,羧酸酐如马来酸酐,富马酸,丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯衍生物,烯属不饱和环氧化物如1-乙烯基环己烯-3,4-环氧化物、1-丁二烯单氧化物、乙烯基缩水甘油醚、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和烯丙基缩水甘油醚,以及异氰酸酯衍生物如3-异丙烯基-1,1-二甲基苯甲基异氰酸酯或甲基丙烯酸异氰酸乙酯基酯。另一种方法是通过使用具有羟基且为烯属不饱和的引发剂分子使环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷发生烷氧基化而制备多元醇。此类大分子单体的实例描述于文献US 4390645、US 5364906、EP 0461800、US 4997857、US 5358984、US 5990232、WO 01/04178和US 6013731中。
在自由基聚合过程中,所述大分子单体也被纳入聚合物链中。由此形成具有聚醚嵌段和聚丙烯腈-苯乙烯嵌段的共聚物,所述共聚物起连续相和分散相之间界面的相媒介的作用,并抑制聚合物多元醇颗粒的集聚。大分子单体的比例可最高达90重量%以上、通常为从1至60重量%、优选从1至40重量%、特别优选从1至15重量%,各自基于用于制备聚合物多元醇的单体的总重量计。
为制备聚合物多元醇,通常使用缓和剂,也称为链转移剂。缓和剂通过使正在增长的自由基发生链转移而降低形成的共聚物的分子量,由此降低聚合物分子间的交联,交联会影响聚合物多元醇的粘度和分散稳定性以及过滤性。缓和剂的比例,基于用于制备聚合物多元醇的单体的总重量计,通常为0.5至25重量%。通常用于制备聚合物多元醇的缓和剂为醇类,例如1-丁醇、2-丁醇、异丙醇、乙醇或甲醇;环己烷;甲苯类;硫醇类,例如乙硫醇、1-庚硫醇、2-辛硫醇、1-十二烷硫醇、苯硫酚;巯基乙酸2-乙基己酯、巯基乙酸甲酯或环己基硫醇;以及烯醇醚化合物、吗啉类和α-(苯甲酰基氧基)苯乙烯。优选使用烷基硫醇。
过氧化物或偶氮化合物常用于引发自由基聚合,所述过氧化物或偶氮化合物例如过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化月桂酰、过氧-2-乙基己酸叔戊酯、二叔丁基过氧化物、过氧化碳酸二异丙酯、过氧-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯、过新戊酸叔丁酯、过新癸酸叔丁酯、过苯甲酸叔丁酯、过2-丁烯酸叔丁酯、过异丁酸叔丁酯、过氧-1-甲基丙酸叔丁酯、过氧-2-乙基戊酸叔丁酯、过氧辛酸叔丁酯和过邻苯二甲酸二叔丁酯、2,2’-偶氮二(2,4-二甲基戊腈)、2,2’-偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)、2,2’-偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯、2,2’-偶氮二(2-甲基丁腈)(AMBN)和1,1’-偶氮二(1-环己烷甲腈)。所述引发剂的比例,基于用于制备聚合物多元醇的单体的总重量计,通常为0.1至6重量%。
由于单体的反应速率和引发剂的半衰期,制备聚合物多元醇的自由基聚合通常在70至150℃的温度和最高达20巴的压力下进行。制备聚合物多元醇的优选反应条件为温度为80至140℃且压力为大气压至15巴。
聚合物多元醇使用连续进出料的搅拌釜、级联搅拌釜、连续进出料的管式反应器和环管反应器以连续法制备,或借助间歇式反应器或半间歇式反应器以分批法制备。
制备聚合物多元醇的反应也可在惰性溶剂的存在下进行。可使用的溶剂的实例有:苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙腈、己烷、庚烷、二氧杂环己烷、乙酸乙酯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺等。优选苯、二甲苯和甲苯。
主要含有伯OH基团且数均分子量为从1000至12000g/mol——优选从1400至8000g/mol、特别优选从1700至6000g/mol——的双官能的聚醚多元醇优选用作制备聚合物多元醇的载体醇。
在一种特别优选的实施方案中,聚四氢呋喃(PTHF)——通常的数均分子量为从500至4000g/mol,优选从750至3000g/mol,优选从800至2500g/mol,特别是约2000g/mol——用作制备聚合物多元醇的载体多元醇。
制备聚合物多元醇固体部分的合适的烯属不饱和单体有,例如丁二烯、异戊二烯、1,4-戊二烯、1,6-己二烯、1,7-辛二烯、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、2-甲基苯乙烯、3-甲基苯乙烯、4-甲基苯乙烯、2,4-二甲基苯乙烯、乙基苯乙烯、异丙基苯乙烯、丁基苯乙烯、苯基苯乙烯、环己基苯乙烯、苯甲基苯乙烯及类似的衍生物;取代的苯乙烯,如氰基苯乙烯、硝基苯乙烯、N,N-二甲基氨基苯乙烯、乙酰氧基苯乙烯、4-乙烯基苯甲酸甲酯、苯氧基苯乙烯、对乙烯基苯基氧化物及类似的衍生物;丙烯酸酯和取代的丙烯酸酯,如丙烯腈、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸环己酯、甲基丙烯酸苯甲酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸辛酯、甲基丙烯腈、α-乙氧基丙烯酸乙酯、α-乙酰氨基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸苯酯、甲基丙烯酸苯酯、丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二苯甲基丙烯酰胺、N-丁基丙烯酰胺、异丁烯酰甲酰胺及类似的衍生物;乙烯基酯、乙烯基醚、乙烯基酮等,如乙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、乙酸异丙烯酯、甲酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸乙烯酯、甲基丙烯酸乙烯酯、甲氧基乙酸乙烯酯、苯甲酸乙烯酯、乙烯基甲苯、乙烯基萘、乙烯基甲基醚、乙烯基丙基醚、乙烯基丁基醚、乙烯基2-乙基己基醚、乙烯基苯基醚、乙烯基2-甲氧基乙基醚、甲氧基丁二烯、乙烯基2-丁氧基乙基醚、2,4-二氢-1,2-吡喃、2-丁氧基-2’-乙烯氧基二乙基醚、乙烯基甲基酮、乙烯基乙基酮、乙烯基苯基酮、乙烯基乙基砜、N-甲基-N-乙烯基乙酰胺、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基咪唑、二乙烯基亚砜、二乙烯基砜、乙烯基磺酸钠、乙烯基磺酸甲酯、N-乙烯基吡咯、膦酸乙烯酯及类似的衍生物;富马酸二甲酯、马来酸二甲酯、马来酸、巴豆酸、富马酸、衣康酸、衣康酸单甲酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁基氨基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、烯丙醇、衣康酸的乙二醇单酯、乙烯基吡啶及类似的衍生物。优选的烯属不饱和单体有苯乙烯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸酯和丙烯酰胺。
在一种优选的实施方案中,丙烯腈,苯乙烯,特别是比例为从1∶3至3∶1的苯乙烯和丙烯腈,被用作烯属不饱和单体。此外优选将一种大分子单体加入所述聚合反应中。如果合适,所述聚合反应还使用一种缓和剂和使用一种自由基引发剂进行。
在一种优选的实施方案中,所述固体部分包含丙烯腈、苯乙烯和大分子单体,基于所述聚合物多元醇固体部分的总重量计,丙烯腈的比例为从10至75重量%且优选从25至35重量%,苯乙烯的比例为从30至90重量%且优选从55至70重量%,大分子单体的比例为从1至10重量%且优选从3至6重量%。
在一种优选的实施方案中,所述聚合物多元醇的固体部分,基于所述聚合物多元醇的总重量计为从25至90重量%、特别优选从30至60重量%、特别是从35至55重量%。
聚合物多元醇的固体含量由使用的单体和大分子单体与使用的载体多元醇的百分比计算,通常按重量分析法由固体重量与所述聚合物多元醇的总重量的百分比而基于所制备聚合物多元醇进行确定。
所述固体含量,基于组分a)至f)的总重量计,为至少15重量%。所述固体含量优选为从20至80重量%、特别优选从25至60重量%,各自基于组分a)至f)的总重量计。也可使用不同固体颗粒c)的混合物。
制备聚氨酯泡沫中还可存在发泡剂d)。如果合适,所述发泡剂包括水。除水之外,通常已知的具有化学和/或物理效果的化合物也可另外地用作发泡剂d)。化学发泡剂的含义应理解为通过与异氰酸酯进行反应而形成气态产物的化合物,例如水或甲酸。物理发泡剂的含义应理解为可在制备聚氨酯的起始物质中溶解或乳化、并在形成聚氨酯的条件下蒸发的化合物。它们为例如烃、卤代烃和其他化合物,如全氟化烷烃(如全氟己烷)、氯氟烃,以及醚、酯、酮和/或缩醛,例如具有4至8个碳原子的脂(环)族烃,或氟代烃,例如产自SolvayFluorides LLC的365mfc。在一种优选的实施方案中,包含至少一种所述发泡剂和水的混合物用作发泡剂,特别是水用作唯一的发泡剂。如果不使用水作发泡剂,优选仅使用物理发泡剂。
在一种优选的实施方案中,水的含量为从0.025至3重量%、优选从0.05至2重量%、特别优选从0.1至1.5重量%、特别是从0.15至1重量%,基于组分a)至g)的总重量计。
在另一种优选的实施方案中,将含有物理发泡剂的空心微球加入所述反应混合物中作为另外的发泡剂。所述空心微球也可以与上述另外的化学发泡剂和/或物理发泡剂的混合物的形式使用。
所述空心微球通常由热塑性聚合物的壳体组成,并在中心填充有基于烷烃的液态低沸点物质。此类空心微球的制备描述于例如US 3615 972中。所述空心微球通常具有5至50μm的直径。合适的空心微球的实例可自Akzo Nobel以商品名获得。
所述空心微球通常以基于组分b)、c)和d)的总重量计0.5至5重量%的量加入。
使用的增链剂和/或交联剂e)为分子量小于400g/mol、特别优选从60至350g/mol的物质,其中所述增链剂具有2个可与异氰酸酯反应的基团,所述交联剂具有3个与异氰酸酯反应的基团。它们可以单独地或优选以混合物的形式使用。优选使用分子量小于400、特别优选从60至300、特别是从60至150的二元醇和/或三元醇。作为引发剂分子合适的有,例如具有2至14个、优选2至10个碳原子的脂族、脂环族和/或芳香族二元醇,例如乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,2-二羟基环己烷、1,3-二羟基环己烷和1,4-二羟基环己烷、二甘醇、双丙甘醇,以及优选的1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇和二(2-羟基乙基)对苯二酚;三元醇,例如1,2,4-三羟基环己烷和1,3,5-三羟基环己烷、甘油和三羟甲基丙烷;以及含有羟基且基于环氧乙烷和/或1,2-环氧丙烷和上述二元醇和/或三元醇的低分子量聚环氧烷。单甘醇、1,4-丁二醇和/或甘油及其乙氧基化衍生物特别优选用作增链剂和/或交联剂(e)。
如果使用增链剂,对本发明而言必需的是,基于组分a)至f)的总重量计,以不超过6重量%、优选不超过5重量%、特别优选不超过4.5重量%、更优选不超过4重量%、特别是不超过3重量%的量使用所述增链剂。优选地,使用少于8重量%、特别优选少于6重量%、更优选少于5重量%、特别是少于4重量%的增链剂和交联剂e),基于组分a)至f)的总重量计。
优选用作制备所述聚氨酯泡沫的催化剂f)为能够显著加速包含羟基的组分b)化合物和如果合适组分d)化合物与多异氰酸酯a)的反应的化合物。可提及例如以下物质:脒,如2,3-二甲基-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶;叔胺,如三乙胺、三丁胺、二甲基苯甲胺、N-甲基吗啉、N-乙基吗啉和N-环己基吗啉、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基丁二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基己二胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、四甲基二氨基乙基醚、二(二甲基氨基丙基)脲、二甲基哌嗪、1,2-二甲基咪唑、1-氮杂二环[3.3.0]辛烷和优选的1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷;以及链烷醇胺化合物,例如三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺和N-乙基二乙醇胺及二甲基乙醇胺。还适用的有以下物质:有机金属化合物,优选有机锡化合物,例如有机羧酸的锡(II)盐,如乙酸锡(II)、辛酸锡(II)、乙基己酸锡(II)和月桂酸锡(II);及有机羧酸的二烷基锡(IV)盐,例如二乙酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、马来酸二丁基锡和二乙酸二辛基锡;以及羧酸铋,例如新癸酸铋(III)、2-乙基己酸铋和辛酸铋;或其混合物。此外,还可使用基于钛和基于锌的催化剂,如二异丙氧基双(乙氧乙酰乙酰)钛(IV)、二异丙氧基双(乙酰丙酮)钛(IV)、三异丙氧基乙酰丙酮钛(IV)、乙氧基双(乙酰丙酮)(异丙氧基)钛、乙酰丙酮氧化钛(IV)、丁氧基异丙氧基双(二乙酰丙酮)钛(IV)、乙氧基异丙氧基双(二乙酰丙酮)钛(IV);以及锌的饱和或不饱和的、脂族或脂环族和芳香族羧酸盐,如环烷酸锌(II)、癸酸锌(II)、丁酸锌(II),如4-环己基丁酸锌(II)、新癸酸锌(II)、异丁酸锌(II)、苯甲酸锌(II)以及二-2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酸锌(II)和对甲苯磺酸锌(II)。特别优选使用辛酸锌(II)和2-乙基己酸锌(II)。基于钛和基于锌的催化剂优选彼此结合使用。此类结合物描述于例如EP 1736489中。所述有机金属化合物可以单独地或优选与强碱性胺结合使用。如果组分b)是一种酯,优选仅使用胺催化剂。
基于所述组分b)的重量,优选使用从0.001至5重量%、特别是从0.05至2重量%的催化剂或催化剂结合物。
如果合适,助剂和/或添加剂(g)也可加入制备聚氨酯泡沫的反应混合物中。可以以实例方式提及的有表面活性剂、稳泡剂、泡孔调节剂、脱模剂、填充剂、染料、颜料、水解稳定剂、气味吸收物质、香料和抑制真菌和/或抑制细菌物质。
合适的表面活性剂为,例如用于促进起始物质均质化、并且如果合适还适用于调节泡孔结构的化合物。可以以实例方式提及的有乳化剂,例如蓖麻油硫酸酯的钠盐或脂肪酸的钠盐,及脂肪酸与胺的盐,例如油酸与二乙胺的盐、硬脂酸与二乙醇胺的盐以及蓖麻油酸与二乙醇胺的盐,磺酸的盐,例如十二烷基苯磺酸或二萘甲烷二磺酸的碱金属或铵盐,以及蓖麻油酸;稳泡剂,例如硅氧烷-氧化烯共聚物和其他有机聚硅氧烷、乙氧基化烷基苯酚、乙氧基化脂肪醇、液体石蜡、蓖麻油酯或蓖麻油酸酯、土耳其红油和花生油;以及泡孔调节剂,例如石蜡、脂肪醇和二甲基聚硅氧烷。为改善泡孔结构的乳化效果和/或稳定泡沫,另外合适的还有含聚氧化烯和氟代烷基侧基的低聚丙烯酸酯。所述表面活性剂的使用量通常为从0.01至5重量份,基于100重量份的组分b)计。
作为合适的脱模剂可以实例方式提及以下物质:脂肪酸酯与多异氰酸酯的反应产物、含有氨基的聚硅氧烷与脂肪酸的盐、具有至少8个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂(环)族羧酸与叔胺的盐、以及特别是内脱模剂如羧酸酯和/或羧酰胺,所述内脱模剂通过使褐煤酸和至少一种具有至少10个碳原子的脂族羧酸的混合物与分子量为从60至400g/mol的至少双官能的烷醇胺、多元醇和/或多胺发生酯化或酰胺化而制备,如EP 153 639中所公开;通过有机胺、硬脂酸的金属盐以及有机单羧酸和/或有机二羧酸或其酸酐的混合物的酯化或酰胺化而制备,如DE-A-3 607 447中所公开;或通过亚氨化合物、羧酸的金属盐以及如果合适羧酸的混合物的酯化或酰胺化而制备,如US 4 764 537所公开。
除了在c)中描述的固体颗粒,特别是具有增强效应且颗粒大小大于50μm的填充剂也可以作为填充剂加入。它们为本身已知的常规有机和无机填充剂、增强剂、加重料、涂层材料等。可具体提及例如以下物质:无机填充剂,例如硅酸盐矿物,例如层状硅酸盐如叶蛇纹石、膨润土、蛇纹石、角闪石、闪石、纤维蛇纹石、碳酸钙和滑石;金属氧化物如高岭土、氧化铝、氧化钛、氧化锌和氧化铁;金属盐如白垩和重晶石,以及无机颜料如硫化镉和硫化锌,以及玻璃等。优选使用高岭土(瓷土)、硅酸铝及硫酸钡和硅酸铝的共沉淀物,以及天然和合成的纤维状矿石如硅灰石、金属丝、和特别是各种长度的玻璃纤维,上述材料如果合适还可被筛分。合适的有机填充剂的实例有:炭黑、三聚氰胺、松脂、环戊二烯树脂和接枝聚合物和纤维素纤维、聚酰胺、聚丙烯腈、基于芳香族和/或脂族二羧酸酯的聚氨酯和聚酯纤维、以及特别是碳纤维。
所述无机和有机填充剂可单独使用或以混合物的形式使用,并有利地,基于组分(a)至(c)的重量计,以从0.5至50重量%、优选从1至40重量%的量添加至反应混合物中,但包含天然和合成纤维的垫料、无纺布和织物的含量可最高达80重量%。
本发明聚氨酯的制备通过将下列物质混合得到一种反应混合物并使所述反应混合物反应完全而实现:a)多异氰酸酯,b)含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物,c)固体颗粒,d)如果合适,增链剂和/或交联剂,e)如果合适,发泡剂,f)如果合适,催化剂和g)如果合适,其他添加剂;其中增链剂的比例基于组分a)至f)的总重量计小于6重量%,固体颗粒的含量基于组分a)至f)的总重量计大于15重量%,且含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物的平均官能度小于2.5。优选将上述组分a)至f)用作组分a)至f)。为制备本发明的泡沫聚氨酯,将它们一起以如下量混合,所述量能够使多异氰酸酯a)的NCO基团的当量数与组分b)、c)、d)和e)的反应活性氢原子的总和的比值为从1∶0.8至1∶1.25、优选从1∶0.9至1∶1.15。在本发明中,在反应转化率基于异氰酸酯基团计低于90%的情况下,组分a)至g)的混合物被称为反应混合物。
本发明的泡沫聚氨酯优选通过一步法借助低压或高压技术制备。为制备本发明的整皮泡沫,将起始组分a)至g)优选在15至90℃、特别优选25至55℃的温度混合,并将所述反应混合物——如果合适在升高的压力下——引入密闭模具中。所述混合可使用搅拌器或搅拌螺杆、或者在高压下使用所谓的逆流注射法机械地进行。适宜的模具温度为从20至160℃,优选从30至120℃,特别优选从30至60℃。
引入模具的反应混合物的量为使得到的整皮泡沫模制品根据DINEN ISO 845的密度为150至1100g/L,优选从200至1000g/L,特别是从500至950g/L。制备具有密实边缘区和多孔中心的模制品的密实度在从1.1至8.5的范围内,优选在从2.1至7.0的范围内。
本发明的泡沫聚氨酯具有以下突出特点:舒适的触觉性质及极好的防干滑性质和防湿滑性质,和出色的耐曲挠性质。因此本发明的泡沫聚氨酯适于用作鞋底,例如用于休闲鞋、运动鞋、凉鞋和靴,还用于汽车内饰领域,如方向盘、头枕或换档把手,或摩托车座和弹性元件。
以下通过实施例示例说明本发明。
起始材料
多元醇1:丙二醇引发的、羟值为29且主要含有伯OH基团的聚醚多元醇(组成:80%环氧丙烷、20%环氧乙烷)
多元醇2:甘油引发的、羟值为27且主要含有伯OH基团的聚醚多元醇(组成:80%环氧丙烷、20%环氧乙烷)
多元醇3:甘油引发的、羟值为35且主要含有伯OH基团的聚醚多元醇(组成:85%环氧丙烷、15%环氧乙烷)
多元醇4:基于多元醇3的、羟值为20且固体含量为45重量%的聚合物聚醚醇(苯乙烯/丙烯腈颗粒)
多元醇5:双丙甘醇引发的、羟值为63且主要含有伯OH基团的聚醚多元醇(组成:70%环氧丙烷、30%环氧乙烷)
多元醇6:基于多元醇5的、羟值为36且固体含量为37重量%的聚合物聚醚醇(苯乙烯/丙烯腈颗粒)
多元醇7:基于多元醇5的、羟值为36且固体含量为37重量%的聚合物聚醚醇(苯乙烯/丙烯腈颗粒),其中多元醇大分子单体被酯化
多元醇8:由山梨醇、环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷和间异丙烯基苯甲基异氰酸酯获得的羟值为20的不饱和聚醚多元醇
多元醇9:由山梨醇、环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷和间异丙烯基苯甲基异氰酸酯获得的羟值小于1的不饱和聚醚多元醇,其由多元醇8通过用乙酸进行酯化而制备。
催化剂1:三亚乙基二胺
催化剂2:二(2-二甲基氨基乙基)醚(Niax A1)
催化剂3:Formrez UL28
催化剂4:二(二甲基氨基丙基)甲胺(Polycat 77)
增链剂1:单甘醇
增链剂2:1,4-丁二醇
交联剂:乙氧基化甘油
交联剂2:甘油
耐磨剂:Luwax AF 31
发泡剂:水
异氰酸酯1:预聚物(50重量份4,4’-二异氰酸根合二苯基甲烷(纯MDI)、2重量份经脲酮亚胺改性的纯MDI、46重量份由直链丙二醇引发的聚氧丙烯-醚醇(羟值:55mg KOH/mg)、2重量份三丙二醇)
异氰酸酯2:预聚物(40重量份4,4’-二异氰酸根合二苯基甲烷(纯MDI)、6重量份经脲酮亚胺改性的纯MDI、54重量份由直链丙二醇引发的聚氧丙烯-醚醇(羟值:29mg KOH/mg))
聚合物聚醚醇的一般合成方法:
具有单模态或双模态颗粒大小分布的聚合物聚醚醇的制备在带有单速搅拌器、连有回流冷凝器和电热套的4升玻璃烧瓶中进行。在反应开始前,向反应器中加入载体多元醇的混合物,在双模态聚合物聚醚醇的情况下还加入种子和一部分大分子单体,用氮气吹洗并加热至125℃的合成温度。在合成过程中计量加入剩余量的大分子单体。将包含另外的载体多元醇、引发剂和单体的反应混合物的剩余部分起初盛放在两个计量容器中。所述聚合物聚醚醇的合成通过将原料经静态管路混合器以恒定计量进料速率输送至反应器实现。计量加入所述单体/缓和剂混合物持续150分钟,而所述多元醇/引发剂混合物在165分钟内计量加入反应器。接下来在125℃下10分钟的反应时间后,在135℃的温度和降低的压力(<0.1毫巴)下将产物中未转化的单体和其他挥发性化合物除去。用抗氧化剂稳定最终产物。大于5kg的样品量的合成在具有双速搅拌器和冷却盘管的耐压反应器中进行。产物可被转移至另一个容器以除去单体。
实施例:
所述聚合物聚醚醇多元醇4、多元醇6和多元醇7根据以下列表和所述组成制备:
多元醇4 在多元醇3中的聚合物聚醚醇
种子: 在多元醇3中的聚合物聚醚醇(8重量
%,基于总量)
固体: 聚(丙烯腈-共-苯乙烯)
固体含量: 45重量%,基于分散体的总重量
羟值: 20mg KOH/g
粘度: 在25℃时为4800mPa.s
载体多元醇: 多元醇3
自由基引发剂:偶氮引发剂(1重量%,基于单体的量)
缓和剂: 正十二烷硫醇(1重量%,基于单体的量)
大分子单体: 多元醇8(7重量%,基于单体的量)
多元醇6 在多元醇5中的聚合物聚醚醇
固体: 聚(丙烯腈-共-苯乙烯)
固体含量: 37重量%,基于所述分散体的总重量
羟值: 36mg KOH/g
粘度: 在25℃时为1900mPa.s
载体多元醇: 多元醇5
自由基引发剂:偶氮引发剂(1重量%,基于单体的量)
缓和剂: 正十二烷硫醇(1重量%,基于单体的量)
大分子单体: 多元醇8(6重量%,基于单体的量)
多元醇7 在多元醇5中的聚合物聚醚醇
固体: 聚(丙烯腈-共-苯乙烯)
固体含量: 37重量%,基于所述分散体的总重量
羟值: 36mg KOH/g
粘度: 在25℃时为1900mPa·s
载体多元醇: 多元醇5
自由基引发剂:偶氮引发剂(1重量%,基于单体的量)
缓和剂: 正十二烷硫醇(1重量%,基于单体的量)
大分子单体: 多元醇9(6重量%,基于单体的量)
多元醇组分A1至A5根据表1中所述的组成制备:
表1
A1(重量份) | A2(重量份) | A3(重量份) | A4(重量份) | A5(重量份) | |
多元醇1 | 30.00 | 71.65 | |||
多元醇2 | 46.41 | ||||
多元醇3 | 14.70 | ||||
多元醇4 | 10.00 | ||||
多元醇6 | 47.66 | 47.40 | 94.75 | ||
多元醇7 | 47.66 | 47.40 | |||
催化剂1 | 0.92 | 0.40 | 0.96 | 0.74 | |
催化剂2 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | ||
催化剂3 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
催化剂4 | 0.33 | 0.40 | |||
增链剂1 | 2.5 | 2.45 | 2.51 | 2.80 | |
增链剂2 | 8.0 | 9.74 | |||
交联剂1 | 0.50 | ||||
交联剂2 | 0.50 | ||||
耐磨剂 | 1.00 | 0.93 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
稳泡剂 | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.60 | 0.36 | 0.36 |
发泡剂 | 0.47 | 0.23 | 0.40 | 0.25 | 0.32 |
实验:
反应混合物1:
使用低压制鞋机(EMB)将100重量份所述多元醇组分A1(45℃)和93重量份异氰酸酯1(40℃)混合,并将该混合物引入在35℃恒温的铝模具(200x200x10mm)中,封闭所述模具并在4分钟后使如此制备的整皮聚氨酯泡沫脱模。
反应混合物2:
使用低压制鞋机(EMB)将100重量份所述多元醇组分A2(45℃)和48重量份异氰酸酯1(40℃)混合,并将该混合物引入在30℃恒温的铝模具(200x200x10mm)中,封闭所述模具并在4分钟后使如此制备的整皮聚氨酯泡沫脱模。
反应混合物3:
使用低压制鞋机(Gusbi)将100重量份所述多元醇组分A3(45℃)和107重量份异氰酸酯2(40℃)混合,并将该混合物引入在35℃恒温的铝模具(200x200x10mm)中,封闭所述模具并在4分钟后使如此制备的整皮聚氨酯泡沫脱模。
反应混合物4:
使用低压制鞋机(Gusbi)将100重量份所述多元醇组分A4(45℃)和48重量份异氰酸酯1(40℃)混合,并将该混合物引入在35℃恒温的铝模具(200x200x10mm)中,封闭所述模具并在4分钟后使如此制备的整皮聚氨酯泡沫脱模。
反应混合物5:
使用低压制鞋机(Gusbi)将100重量份所述多元醇组分A5(45℃)和52重量份异氰酸酯1(40℃)混合,并将该混合物引入在35℃恒温的铝模具(200x200x10mm)中,封闭所述模具并在4分钟后使如此制备的整皮聚氨酯泡沫脱模。
储存24小时后,根据DIN 53504、53512和ISO 34-1测定所制备的样品的机械性质,并将其列于表2中。
表2
反应混合物1 | 反应混合物2 | 反应混合物3 | 反应混合物4 | 反应混合物5 | |
模制品密度(g/L) | 760 | 760 | 650 | 640 | 660 |
硬度(Shore A) | 49 | 48 | 50 | 41 | 51 |
拉伸强度(N/mm2) | 5.5 | 6.3 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 5.7 |
断裂伸长(%) | 473 | 416 | 571 | 314 | 393 |
抗撕裂蔓延强度(N/mm) | 6.2 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 7.7 |
反应混合物1 | 反应混合物2 | 反应混合物3 | 反应混合物4 | 反应混合物5 | |
弹性(%) | 51 | 46 | -- | 46 | 42 |
触觉性质 | 差,类似塑料 | 舒适,类似天鹅绒 | 差,类似塑料 | 舒适,类似天鹅绒 | 舒适,类似天鹅绒 |
在室温下100000个周期后的耐曲挠性质(mm) | 2.0 | 0.25 | 1.8 | <1.0 | <1.0 |
在-15℃下100000个周期后的耐曲挠性质(mm) | -- | -- | 2.6 | <1.0 | 1.2 |
摩擦系数 | 0.19 | 0.41 | -- | -- | -- |
表2清楚地示出反应混合物2的片在室温下具有改善的耐曲挠性质,反应混合物4和5的片与相应参比物(1和3)相比在室温和-15℃下具有改善的耐曲挠性质。还对这些反应混合物的片的触觉性质定级,它们比相应的参比物1和3明显更舒适且更类似天鹅绒。表2还清楚地表明反应混合物2的片的摩擦系数(防湿滑性质的量度)比相应参比物1的摩擦系数高。
Claims (11)
1.一种泡沫聚氨酯,其可通过将
a)多异氰酸酯,
b)含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物,
c)固体颗粒,
d)发泡剂,
e)如果合适,增链剂、交联剂或其混合物,
f)如果合适,催化剂,和
g)如果合适,其他添加剂混合得到一种反应混合物,并使所述反应混合物反应完全而获得,其中
-增链剂的比例小于6重量%,基于组分a)至f)的总重量计,
-固体颗粒的含量大于15重量%,基于组分a)至f)的总重量计,且
-含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物的平均官能度小于2.5。
2.权利要求1的泡沫聚氨酯,其中所述固体含有对异氰酸酯有反应活性的基团。
3.权利要求2的泡沫聚氨酯,其中所述固体分散存在于所述含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物b)中。
4.权利要求3的泡沫聚氨酯,其中所述固体是一种通过自由基聚合获得的聚合物。
5.权利要求1至4中任一项的泡沫聚氨酯,其中,在所述含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物b)中,二元醇的比例大于80重量%,基于所述含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物b)的总重量计。
6.权利要求1至4中任一项的泡沫聚氨酯,其中,在所述含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物b)中,二元醇的比例为100重量%,基于所述含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物b)的总重量计。
7.权利要求1至6中任一项的泡沫聚氨酯,其中增链剂的比例小于3重量%,基于组分a)至f)的总重量计。
8.权利要求1至7中任一项的泡沫聚氨酯,其中总密度为从150至1100g/l。
9.一种包含权利要求1至8中任一项的泡沫聚氨酯的整皮泡沫。
10.权利要求9的整皮泡沫用作鞋底的用途。
11.一种制备泡沫聚氨酯的方法,其中将
a)多异氰酸酯,与
b)含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物,
c)固体颗粒,
d)发泡剂,
e)如果合适,增链剂、交联剂或其混合物,
f)如果合适,催化剂,和
g)如果合适,其他添加剂混合得到一种反应混合物,并使所述反应混合物反应完全,其中
-增链剂的比例小于6重量%,基于组分a)至f)的总重量计,
-固体颗粒的含量大于15重量%,基于组分a)至f)的总重量计,且
-含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的相对高分子量化合物的平均官能度小于2.5。
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105838275A (zh) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-08-10 | 宁波吉象塑胶制品有限公司 | 一种聚氨酯泡棉基材胶带 |
CN107868224A (zh) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-03 | 温州市小林鞋材有限公司 | 一种聚氨酯防滑鞋底及其制备方法 |
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KR20100106355A (ko) | 2010-10-01 |
RU2010123992A (ru) | 2011-12-20 |
EP2209827A2 (de) | 2010-07-28 |
WO2009063004A2 (de) | 2009-05-22 |
AR069314A1 (es) | 2010-01-13 |
JP2011503314A (ja) | 2011-01-27 |
WO2009063004A3 (de) | 2009-07-30 |
EP2209827B1 (de) | 2016-05-25 |
KR101583848B1 (ko) | 2016-01-08 |
ES2588191T3 (es) | 2016-10-31 |
RU2487899C2 (ru) | 2013-07-20 |
TN2010000211A1 (en) | 2011-11-11 |
US9109077B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 |
CN104861137A (zh) | 2015-08-26 |
MX2010004701A (es) | 2010-05-20 |
BRPI0819436B1 (pt) | 2018-12-11 |
US20100227939A1 (en) | 2010-09-09 |
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