CN101720660B - Establishment and seedling breeding method for Malus hydroponic system - Google Patents
Establishment and seedling breeding method for Malus hydroponic system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101720660B CN101720660B CN2009102546137A CN200910254613A CN101720660B CN 101720660 B CN101720660 B CN 101720660B CN 2009102546137 A CN2009102546137 A CN 2009102546137A CN 200910254613 A CN200910254613 A CN 200910254613A CN 101720660 B CN101720660 B CN 101720660B
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Abstract
The invention discloses establishment for a Malus hydroponic system. The establishment comprises the following steps: seed stratification; seedling culture; hydroponic system establishment; nutrient solution formula and a configuration method; installation of aeration equipment; seedling transplanting and pre-culture; and environment regulation and the like. The invention provides a device, nutrient solution and an aeration system suitable for Malus hydroponics, and opens a new way for studying root system growth dynamics, nutrition, stress physiology and the like for Malus.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, be specifically related to the apple rootstock hydroponic system and set up and seedling-cultivating method.
Apple is as one of the world four big fruit trees, and China is the first in the world apple production big country, and China's apple area was 1,890,000 hectares in 2005, and 2,401 ten thousand tons of output account for 36.2% and 37.8% of world's apple area and output respectively.Apple has been classified as one of advantageous agricultural product of giving priority to from now on by the Ministry of Agriculture, and the key area of Future Development is northwest loess plateau apple producing region.This distinguishes abundance at sunshine, soil layer is deep, day and night temperature is big, is the best producing region of China's apple.Especially Wei Bei plateau in Shaanxi is the eugenic district of apple that generally acknowledges in the world.The mean annual precipitation of northwest loess plateau is 400-600mm only, and distributed pole imbalance in annual period, and various adverse circumstances frequently take place, and this just makes adverse circumstances such as arid, high temperature, high light become and limits the main environment factor that this regional apple develops.Under environment stress, some organ of plant, tissue, even plant function reduction cause early ageing, and then influence agricultural output and quality.
At present, the resistance and the nutrition physiology of research apple are mainly taked field and method for potted.But field trial is subjected to the influence of natural environment and climate easily, the wayward nutrient component of method for potted, and many uppity envirment factors are arranged.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Malus hydroponic system to set up and seedling-cultivating method, it has solved the defective that can't overcome the wayward envirment factor of existing research method that exists in the background technology.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of Malus hydroponic system is set up, and it is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
1) earthing of seeds is handled
The seed of Malus is mixed thoroughly in wet sand and 5: 1 ratios of seed volume, put into the porcelain flowerpot, cover the thick wet sand of 5cm above the basin again, put into ditch, cover the thick soil of 25-30cm above, topmost earthing becomes ridge shape.Porcelain flowerpot air capacity of soils is relatively good.
2) seedling is cultivated
The seed that lamination is good is broadcast in the nutritive cube (high 12cm * diameter 12cm), the sand base is cultivated into seedling, the strain number of seedling in every nutritive cube is placed in proportion, when treating that seedling grows to 2 true leaves, begin to spray the 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution, sprayed once in per 4 days, and replenished with clear water therebetween, to keep suitable soil moisture;
3) hydroponic system is set up
Prepare a hydroponic system, this hydroponic system comprises the water planting frame of a multilayer, place some water planting basins on every layer of water planting frame, described water planting basin comprises the water planting basin lid that a lightweight polyethylene foam sheet is a material, the basin mouth size coupling of the size of described water planting basin lid and water planting basin, described water planting basin covers and also is provided with some diameters is that 10mm, spacing are the through hole of 6cm; Described hydroponic system also comprises a matching used with it aeration equipment;
4) configuration of nutrient solution
Earlier the 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution is made into 400 times of mother liquors, is divided into two kinds of macro-element nutrients liquid and microelement nutritious liquids, described macro-element nutrients liquid is contained in respectively in the different bottles, and every kind of element is joined 1L; Several trace elements are placed in the feeding solution, join 1L;
5) transplant seedlings and pre-cultivation
When treating that seedling grows to 6 true leaves, select the seedling of uniformity to move in the water planting basin that contains the 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution;
Earlier the root system of seedling plant is passed the through hole of water planting lid, twine the base portion of seedling plant root then with sponge, be fixed in water planting and cover;
Add water and nutrient solution, nutrient solution pH transfers to 6.5 ± 0.1, and every 5d changes one time of nutrition liquid, and air pump ventilation 20min/h must become seedling in about 30 days.
6) environment conditioning
Described 5) transplant seedlings and pre-incubated condition be 14h illumination/d, intensity of illumination 140～160 μ molm
-2S
-1, daytime, temperature temperature at 20～25 ℃/night was 15～20 ℃.
Above-mentioned 1) comprises before wet sand and seed were mixed thoroughly during earthing of seeds was handled that seed pre-treatment step, described seed pre-treatment step are to handle 10min with 70% alcohol disinfecting, with sterile water washing 3 times, dry then.
Above-mentioned hydroponic system is set up and is specifically comprised:
1) prepares instrument and equipment
It is standby to prepare water planting frame, air pump, water planting basin, breather pipe, maracas, three-way pipe, angle iron, plank and polyethylene foam sheet;
2) making of water planting frame
Described water planting frame is made with angle iron and plank, the long 1.8m of water planting frame, wide 0.7m, high 2.4m; Totally 4 layers on water planting frame, every floor height 0.6m; 8 fluorescent tubes are adorned at every layer of top;
3) making of water planting basin lid
With the lightweight polyethylene foam sheet is material, with guarded blade utility knife the lightweight polyethylene foam sheet is made into size and the big or small water planting basin lid that mates of the basin mouth of water planting basin; Then with card punch beat diameter 10mm, spacing is the through hole of 6cm;
4) aeration equipment is installed
With diameter 0.2cm breather pipe, connect with threeway, the terminal maracas that connects of breather pipe, the top connects air pump; Air pump is controlled by time switch.
Soil moisture remains on 60～70% in the process that above-mentioned earthing of seeds is handled and seedling is cultivated.
Above-mentioned sand base cultivation is meant is equipped with fine sand in the nutritive cube, fine sand is sterilized with 1% potassium permanganate, after planting covers with fine sand, covers with polyethylene film again.
Above-mentioned interpolation water and nutrient solution are water fillings in the water planting basin, and every basin adds water 17L, add nutrient solution with graduated syringe in water then, and macro-element nutrients liquid adds 21.25ml for every kind, and microelement nutritious liquid adds 8.5ml, described nutrient solution pH H
3PO
4Or NaOH transfers to 6.5 ± 0.1.
To check the seed sprouting situation in the above-mentioned earthing of seeds processing procedure, check once, and showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally in per 10 days until seed.
The above-mentioned placement in proportion is meant: if the nutritive cube of high 12cm * diameter 12cm, then every nutritive cube 2 strain seedling;
The length of above-mentioned water planting basin is that 42cm, the wide 37cm of being and height are 15cm; The length of described water planting basin lid is 55cm, and wide is 38cm.
The thickness of above-mentioned water planting basin lid is 1.5cm.
The present invention effectively overcomes the defective of the wayward envirment factor of existing research method, and a kind of resistance of apple and scientific method of nutrition physiology studied is provided effectively.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a water planting basin cap surface structural representation;
Fig. 2 is an apple hydroponic system structural representation;
Fig. 3 sets up and the enforcement legend of growing seedlings for the apple hydroponic system;
Fig. 4 is the initial stage plant strain growth figure that transplants seedlings;
Fig. 5 is 30 days plant strain growth figure of water planting.
Embodiment
Malus hydroponic system of the present invention is set up and is planted method for planting and specifically comprises the steps:
1. earthing of seeds is handled
With the seed of Malus, handle 10min with 70% alcohol disinfecting, with sterile water washing 3 times, dry then.Mix thoroughly in 5: 1 ratios in wet husky and seed and to put into the porcelain flowerpot, humidity is advisable with 60～70%, covers wet sand above the basin again, puts into ditch, above earthing, the top earthing becomes ridge shape (in order to avoid ponding influences seed germination).To check seed sprouting situation (checking once in per 10 days) in the lamination process, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally until seed.
2. seedling is cultivated
The seed that lamination is good is broadcast in the nutritive cube (high 12cm * diameter 12cm), and fine sand is housed in the nutritive cube, and fine sand is sterilized with 1% potassium permanganate.Each nutritive cube is sowed 2 strains, after planting covers with fine sand.Cover (raising temperature) with polyethylene film then, when treating 2 true leaves of seedling length, begin to spray the 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution, every 4d sprays once, replenishes with clear water therebetween, keeps suitable soil moisture.
3. hydroponic system is set up
1) buys instrument and equipment: water planting frame, air pump, water planting basin, breather pipe, maracas, time switch, three-way pipe etc.
2) making of water planting frame: the water planting frame is made with angle iron and plank, the long 1.8m of water planting frame, wide 0.7m, high 2.4m.Totally 4 layers on water planting frame, every floor height 0.6m.8 fluorescent tubes are adorned at every layer of top, and daylight has time switch control surely.
3) making of water planting basin lid: with the lightweight polyethylene foam sheet is material, foam thickness of slab 1.5cm.With guarded blade utility knife cystosepiment is cut and to grow into 55cm, wide is the rectangle of 38cm.Beat the aperture of diameter 1cm then with card punch.The spacing in hole is 6cm (details is seen Fig. 1).
4) aeration equipment is installed: with diameter 0.2cm breather pipe, connect with threeway, and the terminal maracas that connects of breather pipe, the top connects air pump.Air pump has time switch control.
4. ratio of nutrient solution and collocation method
Adopt the 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution.Earlier nutrient solution is made into 400 times of mother liquors, is divided into macroelement and trace element, macroelement is contained in respectively in the different bottles, and every kind of element of macroelement is joined 1L, and several trace elements are placed in the feeding solution, join 1L.Concrete proportioning is pressed.Join in proportion in the water planting basin.
Table 1 ratio of nutrient solution and collocation method
5. transplant seedlings and pre-the cultivation
1) transplants seedlings: when treating that seedling grows to 6 true leaves, select the seedling of uniformity to move to water planting basin (long 42cm, the wide 37cm of 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution, high 15cm) in, with the nutritive cube back-off, extracts plant gently with hand, wash root system with running water then, remove the silt on the root system.Washed plant root is passed the hole that water planting is covered, twine the base portion of plant root then with sponge, be fixed in water planting and cover.
2) add nutrient solution: water filling in the water planting basin, every basin adds water 17L, adds nutrient solution with graduated syringe in water then, and macroelement adds 21.25ml for every kind, and trace element adds 8.5ml, nutrient solution pH H
3PO
4Or NaOH transfers to 6.5 ± 0.1.Then the water planting basin is placed on the water planting frame.
3) connect breather pipe, breather pipe is passed aperture on the cystosepiment, maracas is connected with breather pipe.Then each water planting basin is connected with breather pipe with threeway.Main breather pipe is linked to each other with air pump.Air pump normal ventilation (20min/h).Every 5d changes one time of nutrition liquid.
6. environment conditioning: cultivate indoor temperature, daytime, temperature temperature at 20～25 ℃/night was 15～20 ℃.Light source is a fluorescent lamp, 14h illumination/d, intensity of illumination 140～160 μ molm
-2S
-1, humidity is 60%～80%.
Claims (10)
1. a Malus hydroponic system is set up and seedling-cultivating method, it is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
1) earthing of seeds is handled
The seed of Malus is mixed thoroughly in wet sand and 5: 1 ratios of seed volume, put into the porcelain flowerpot, cover the thick wet sand of 5cm above the basin again, put into ditch, cover the thick soil of 25-30cm above, topmost earthing becomes ridge shape;
2) seedling is cultivated
The seed that lamination is good is broadcast in the nutritive cube, the size of described nutritive cube is high 12cm * diameter 12cm, sand culture becomes seedling, the strain number of seedling in every nutritive cube is placed in proportion, when treating that seedling grows to 2 true leaves, begin to spray the 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution, sprayed once in per 4 days, replenish with clear water therebetween, to keep suitable soil moisture;
3) hydroponic system is set up
Prepare a hydroponic system, this hydroponic system comprises the water planting frame of a multilayer, place some water planting basins on every layer of water planting frame, described water planting basin comprises the water planting basin lid that a lightweight polyethylene foam sheet is a material, the basin mouth size coupling of the size of described water planting basin lid and water planting basin, described water planting basin covers and also is provided with some diameters is that 10mm, spacing are the through hole of 6cm; Described hydroponic system also comprises a matching used with it aeration equipment;
4) configuration of nutrient solution
Earlier the 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution is made into 400 times of mother liquors, is divided into two kinds of macro-element nutrients liquid and microelement nutritious liquids, described macro-element nutrients liquid is contained in respectively in the different bottles, and every kind of element is joined 1L; Several trace elements are placed in the feeding solution, join 1L;
5) transplant seedlings and pre-cultivation
When treating that seedling grows to 6 true leaves, select the seedling of uniformity to move in the water planting basin that contains the 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution;
Earlier the root system of seedling plant is passed the through hole of water planting lid, twine the base portion of seedling plant root then with sponge, be fixed in water planting and cover;
Add water and nutrient solution, nutrient solution pH transfers to 6.5 ± 0.1, and every 5d changes one time of nutrition liquid, and air pump ventilation 20min/h must become seedling in about 30 days;
6) environment conditioning
Described 5) transplant seedlings and pre-incubated condition be 14h illumination/d, intensity of illumination 140～160 μ molm
-2S
-1, daytime, temperature temperature at 20～25 ℃/night was 15～20 ℃.
2. set up and seedling-cultivating method according to the described Malus hydroponic system of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described 1) wet sand and seed comprised the seed pre-treatment step before mixing thoroughly during earthing of seeds was handled, described seed pre-treatment step is to handle 10min with 70% alcohol disinfecting, with sterile water washing 3 times, dry then.
3. set up and seedling-cultivating method according to the described Malus hydroponic system of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described hydroponic system is set up and is specifically comprised:
1) prepares instrument and equipment
It is standby to prepare water planting frame, air pump, water planting basin, breather pipe, maracas, three-way pipe, angle iron, plank and polyethylene foam sheet;
2) making of water planting frame
Described water planting frame is made with angle iron and plank, the long 1.8m of water planting frame, wide 0.7m, high 2.4m; Totally 4 layers on water planting frame, every floor height 0.6m; 8 fluorescent tubes are adorned at every layer of top;
3) making of water planting basin lid
With the lightweight polyethylene foam sheet is material, with guarded blade utility knife the lightweight polyethylene foam sheet is made into size and the big or small water planting basin lid that mates of the basin mouth of water planting basin; Then with card punch beat diameter 10mm, spacing is the through hole of 6cm;
4) aeration equipment is installed
With diameter 0.2cm breather pipe, connect with threeway, the terminal maracas that connects of breather pipe, the top connects air pump; Air pump is controlled by time switch.
4. set up and seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described Malus hydroponic systems, it is characterized in that: soil moisture remains on 60～70% in the process that described earthing of seeds is handled and seedling is cultivated.
5. set up and seedling-cultivating method according to the described Malus hydroponic system of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described sand culture is meant is equipped with fine sand in the nutritive cube, fine sand is sterilized with 1% potassium permanganate, after planting covers with fine sand, covers with polyethylene film again.
6. set up and seedling-cultivating method according to the described Malus hydroponic system of claim 5, it is characterized in that: described interpolation water and nutrient solution are water fillings in the water planting basin, every basin adds water 17L, in water, add nutrient solution with graduated syringe then, macro-element nutrients liquid adds 21.25ml for every kind, microelement nutritious liquid adds 8.5ml, described nutrient solution pH H
3PO
4Or NaOH transfers to 6.5 ± 0.1.
7. set up and seedling-cultivating method according to the described Malus hydroponic system of claim 6, it is characterized in that: will check the seed sprouting situation in the described earthing of seeds processing procedure, check once, and showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally in per 10 days until seed.
8. set up and seedling-cultivating method according to the described Malus hydroponic system of claim 7, it is characterized in that, the described placement in proportion is meant: if the nutritive cube of high 12cm * diameter 12cm, then every nutritive cube 2 strain seedling.
9. described according to Claim 8 Malus hydroponic system is set up and seedling-cultivating method, and it is characterized in that: the length of described water planting basin is that 42cm, the wide 37cm of being and height are 15cm; The length of described water planting basin lid is 55cm, and wide is 38cm.
10. set up and seedling-cultivating method according to the described Malus hydroponic system of claim 9, it is characterized in that: the thickness of described water planting basin lid is 1.5cm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021211187A1 (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-10-21 | Hydra Unlimited, Llc | Deep water culture hydroponic system |
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