CN102742440B - Breeding and culture method for oriental lily bulblet and bulb - Google Patents
Breeding and culture method for oriental lily bulblet and bulb Download PDFInfo
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- CN102742440B CN102742440B CN201210224777.7A CN201210224777A CN102742440B CN 102742440 B CN102742440 B CN 102742440B CN 201210224777 A CN201210224777 A CN 201210224777A CN 102742440 B CN102742440 B CN 102742440B
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Abstract
The invention provides an oriental lily bulblet and seedball culture method, which comprises a first stage (bulblet breeding) and a second stage (lily bulb culture), wherein in the bulblet breeding process, a unique breeding substrate and a sterilization method are adopted, the nutrition requirements of the bulblet breeding are ensured, and the invasion of diseases and pest is avoided; and through the temperature, humidity and time control on the bulblet multiplication, the good development of the bulblet is ensured, further, the artificial treatment (preferable 4 DEG C, three months) is used for replacing the nature to break the dormancy, and the bulblet breeding time is greatly shortened. When the bulblet is utilized for realizing the lily bulb culture, the unique substrate (corn straws and vermiculite) is adopted, and the obtaining of good lily bulbs is ensured. In addition, a reasonable fertilization recipe is further combined, and the quality of the obtained bulblet is good (the circumference diameter is greater than 9cm, and the transverse diameter is greater than 3cm). Through the techniques, the goal of fast and effectively obtaining a great number of high-quality bulblets is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to lily breeding cultivation technical field, relate to the breeding method of a kind of oriental hybrid lily seed ball and kind ball.
Background technology
China's lily cut flowers is produced required kind ball and is substantially all relied on import, and this is the indisputable fact existed during China's flower lily kind ball is produced.Flower lily kind in China's protection ground cultivation Asia lily system, 33%～50% is all import kind ball, oriental hybrid lily system kind of a ball has almost accounted for more than 75%.China only 1 year ball of the kind from imported from Holland, just up to 100,000,000 bulls, and presents year by year the trend risen.Yet China's lily ball production is still in the exploratory stage, view and admire shorter with the commercialization cultivation history of lily, breeding and breeding work seriously lag behind, ubiquity bulb deterioration aborning, reproduction coefficient is low, the problem that the forcing culture effect is poor.So far China does not have an enterprise or production base can carry out the large-scale production of lily commodity kind ball.And according to investigations, estimate that, in from now on 5 to 10 years, China's lily cultivated area will constantly enlarge, and the demand of lily ball also will significantly be risen, thus the foundation of domestic kind of ball production technology and corresponding supporting management technical system accelerated, extremely urgent.
Lily ball production is divided into two stages.First stage is breeding of seed ball, by nourishing and generating or the method such as seminal propagation is cultivated the process of healthy and strong small seed ball.Second stage is the production of commodity ball, produces the process of the commodity kind ball that meets the fresh cut lily flowers production standard by the reasonable cultivation to the seed ball.
In lily ball is produced, the scale cuttage is one of main propagation method at present.Yet, in the scale reproductive process, the technology from the scale ball to the seed ball stage is also very immature, domestic self-produced seed ball is compared with import seed ball, and a little less than the rear growth potential of not only not of uniform size causing, and plantation, kind ball balling ratio is also low.
Summary of the invention
The breeding method that the problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of oriental hybrid lily seed ball and plants ball, the method can shorten the time that the seed ball is bred, and improves the quality of breeding the seed ball, reduces production costs.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The breeding method of a kind of oriental hybrid lily seed ball and kind ball comprises the following steps:
1) be after 1:0.8～1.2 ratios are mixed by volume by peat and perlite, add water and mix and make substrate for breeding, wherein moisture mass ratio is 50～60%; Then to the substrate for breeding spray disinfectant, after fully stirring, substrate for breeding is placed in plastic film, shines upon lower seal sterilization 3～5 days, daytime, the substrate for breeding internal temperature was greater than 50 ℃;
2) the lily kind of selecting oriental hybrid lily to be bred to be, screening product lover's kind ball is as the mother bulb of breeding; Mother bulb is placed under 0～5 ℃ of condition and preserves 2.5～3.5 months breaking dormancies;
Perhaps using the lily ball of blooming as mother bulb, remove breaking dormancy from;
3) peel off the peripheral scale of mother bulb, successively scale is broken down from outside to inside from mother bulb base portion plateau, selection lover's scale then soaks scale 15～30min in thimerosal, takes out with clear water and rinses, and naturally dries;
4) in container according to the order of the scale after the substrate for breeding after one deck sterilization, one deck sterilization, stack gradually repeatedly, wherein the scale concave surface, and keeps the bulb ventilation breath upward;
5) by the scale after splendid attire, put into temperature and be 25～30 ℃, humidity and be greater than under 80% condition and cultivate 8～12 weeks, scale is bred and is formed the seed ball during this period, seed ball propagation;
6) after cultivating end, the seed ball is transferred under 0～5 ℃ of condition and preserved 10～15 weeks breaking dormancies; Then take out the seed ball and carry out the cultivation of lily ball;
The cultivation of lily ball comprises the following steps:
7) by the maize straw after becoming thoroughly decomposed and vermiculite by volume for after 1:0.8～1.5 ratios mix, add water and mix and make culture medium, wherein moisture mass ratio is 50～60%; Then to the culture medium spray disinfectant, after fully stirring, culture medium is placed in plastic film, shines upon lower seal sterilization 3～5 days, daytime, the culture medium internal temperature was greater than 50 ℃;
8) culture medium after sterilization is placed on to the bottom of the chest after sterilization, then on culture medium, places the seed ball, then cover one deck culture medium on the seed ball, finally on culture medium, spill one deck fine sand, fully water;
9), after the field planting of seed ball, in process of growth, temperature was controlled as 15～20 ℃ of 20～25 ℃/nights in daytime;
10) regularly fertilising, insecticide spraying or sterilization.
The substrate for breeding of described every cubic metre thimerosal used is: the Imidacloprid of the thiophanate methyl of the carbendazim of 20～50g mass concentration 50%+15～30g mass concentration 70%+1～10g mass concentration 75%.
Describedly using fresh full, scale consolidation, anosis pityriasis simplex, basal disc is healthy, root system is intact kind ball as the mother bulb of breeding.
The thimerosal that described scale soaks use is:
The Imidacloprid of the mass concentration 75% of the carbendazim of the mass concentration 50% of the thiophanate methyl of the mass concentration 70% of the tpn of the mass concentration 75% of 300～400 times of dilutions+100～150 times of dilutions+150～200 times of dilutions+1500～2000 times of dilutions.
The thickness of described substrate for breeding is 3～5cm, and the thickness of scale is 3～5cm; Substrate for breeding and scale are placed in plastic crate, and cover by perforated plastic films.
The field planting seeding row spacing of described seed ball is (8～10) * (6～8) cm; The thickness of bottom half culture medium is 8～15cm, and the stromal thickness at seed ball top is 2～3cm.
Every 50～100 strain lilies carried out following fertilising according to different kinds every 10 days 20 day after tomorrow in described field planting:
Suo Bang, Malong: macroelement liquid M220ml, liquid microelement 10ml and iron salt solutions 10ml, water 2L;
Siberia: macroelement liquid M120ml, liquid microelement 10ml and iron salt solutions 10ml, water 2L;
Described macroelement liquid M2 comprises: Ca (NO
3)
24H
2o108.7g/L, KNO
347.3g/L, NH
4nO
34.5g/L, KH
2pO
446g/L and MgSO
47H
2o49.3g/L;
Described macroelement liquid M1 comprises: Ca (NO
3)
24H
2o72.7g/L, KNO
313.5g/L, NH
4nO
330.1g/L, KH
2pO
430.8g/L and MgSO
47H
2o49.3g/L;
Described liquid microelement comprises: potassium iodide 83mg/l, boric acid 620mg/L, manganese sulphate 2230mg/L, zinc sulphate 860mg/L, sodium molybdate 25mg/L, copper sulphate 2.5mg/L and cobalt chloride 2.5mg/L;
Described iron salt solutions is for comprising: ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 2.78g/L and disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 3.73g/L;
And carry out weekly spray leaf fertilizer one time, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of the urea that the first trimester spray leaf fertilizer is 0.2～0.5% mass concentration+0.1～0.2% mass concentration, within latter three months, spray leaf fertilizer is 0.3～0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Spray weekly medicine one time: the Imidacloprid of the mass concentration 75% of the carbendazim of the mass concentration 50% of the tpn of the mass concentration 75% of 500～600 times of dilutions+500～600 times of dilutions+3000～4000 times of dilutions;
Perhaps with the thiophanate methyl of the mass concentration 70% of 500～750 times of dilutions, replace the carbendazim of the mass concentration 50% of 500～600 times of dilutions.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following useful technique effect:
Oriental hybrid lily seed ball provided by the invention is bred and cultivation method, first stage (breeding of seed ball) and second stage (cultivation of lily ball) have been comprised, after can separately implementing in this two stages, with the prior art incompatible whole incubation that completes that matches, also can connect and form a complete cultivation system.
Wherein, in the middle of the breeding of seed ball, the present invention has adopted unique substrate for breeding and sterilization method thereof, has guaranteed the nutritional need that the seed ball is bred, and has exempted the invasion and attack of damage by disease and insect; The temp. and humidity of seed ball hyperplasia and time are controlled, and have guaranteed the good growth of seed ball, and then replace the nature breaking dormancy by artificial treatment (preferably 4 ℃, 3 months), have greatly shortened the time that the seed ball is bred.
While utilizing the seed ball to carry out the cultivation of lily ball, select the matrix (maize straw and vermiculite) of characteristics to guarantee to obtain good kind ball; And further combined with rational fertilizer application formula, the seed ball of acquisition superior in quality (Zhou Jing is greater than 9cm, and transverse diameter is greater than 3cm).These technology have realized obtaining fast and effectively the target of a large amount of high-quality seed balls.
What the present invention adopted is organic and inorganic mixed-matrix, low price, and quality is light, not only can obtain good reproductive effect, and can also save a large amount of labours in process of production, reduces production costs.
The lily breed difference is larger, different lily kind regulation of fertilizer requirement differences, by the research to certain or certain several lily kinds, obtain their different regulation of fertilizer requirement, according to different lilies, need N, P, K difference, be configured specially, for example Suo Bang and Malong need K many, content for K element in the fertilizer application formula of Suo Bang and Malong is just high, and Siberia needs N many, and the N element in Siberian fertilizer application formula is just many.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, and the explanation of the invention is not limited.
1, matrix is selected and sterilization
Peat and perlite are poured on clean place for the finished product matrix of 1:1 by volume, adding water mixes, water content of substrate is controlled at 60% left and right, and it is tack-free as degree, according to (Imidacloprid of thiophanate methyl+2g75% of carbendazim+22g70% of 33g50%)/M that the hand of take is held not water outlet
3prepare agricultural chemicals, then with watering can, evenly be sprinkling upon stromal surface, stir 3 times, in the tubular agricultural plastic film of packing into, be placed in the beneath sealing sterilization of sun 3-5 days
2, mother bulb screening and processing
Select Suo Bang, Siberia and three of the Malongs kind of oriental hybrid lily system, plant ball and require fresh full, scale consolidation, anosis pityriasis simplex, basal disc is healthy, root system is intact mother bulb, be placed in Cool Room 4℃, keep 3 months breaking dormancies;
Also can remove breaking dormancy from directly with the commodity ball of blooming of external import, save 3 months.
3, scale strips and sterilizes
Get the kind ball of above-mentioned breaking dormancy, peel off peripheral rotting or withered scale, successively scale is broken down from outside to inside from mother bulb base portion plateau, the scale peeled is checked one by one, strictly eliminate scab, the root adjustment debit is bad and the scale in worm source in spite of illness.The Imidacloprid of the carbendazim of the thiophanate methyl of the tpn of 400 times 75% for qualified scale+100 times 70%+200 times 50%+2000 times 75% soaks 15min, and then clear water rinses, and under the low light level, naturally dries.
4, scale embedding
In the plastic crate bottom, paving a layer thickness is the sterile matrix of 3-5cm, and then layer overlay scale (the scale concave surface upward), repave last layer matrix, stromal thickness 3-5cm, so repeatedly, preferably plastic crate is used to the perforated plastic films splendid attire, so that the bulb ventilation breath.
5, seed ball hyperplasia
By the scale after splendid attire, put into temperature and be on the culturing rack that 25 ℃ of humidity are greater than the germinating cabinet under 80% condition and keep about 10 weeks.
6, breaking dormancy
Proceed in Cool Room 4℃, keep breaking dormancy about 12 weeks.
7, seed ball rejuvenation
Adopt box planting technology to be cultivated, cultivation case specification is 45 * 32 * 25cm, plants front chest is cleaned and disinfects, and the matrix sterilization method is the same.Cover 2-3cm matrix again after the case bottom fills 10cm matrix, puts the seed ball, finally on surface, spill the moisturizing of one deck fine sand, fully water, seeding row spacing is 8 * 8cm.In process of growth, temperature was controlled as 18 ℃ of 22 ℃/nights in daytime.
7.1 matrix maize straw (after becoming thoroughly decomposed) and vermiculite mix for the ratio of 1:1 by volume
7.2 the fertilising of fertilising nutrient solution, first configure two kinds of macroelement mother liquor M1, M2 of 100 times according to table 1, table 2, and then configure trace element and the mother liquid of iron salt of 100 times according to table 3 and table 4.By table 5, applied fertilizer.
Field planting will be applied fertilizer once according to table 5 every 10 days for 20 day after tomorrow, and the fertilizing amount in table 5 is the applied amount of each every case nutrient solution.And carry out weekly spray leaf fertilizer one time, first trimester (0.2% urea+0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate), latter three months (0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate), spray weekly 600 times of 75% tpn+600 of a medicine times 50% carbendazim (750 times of 70% thiophanate methyl)+4000 times of 75% Imidacloprid.
Macroelement mother liquor M1 allocation list 1
| Macroelement (100 times) | Ca(NO 3) 2·4H 2O | KNO 3 | NH 4NO 3 | KH 2PO 4 | MgSO 4·7H 2O |
| g/L | 72.7 | 13.5 | 30.1 | 30.8 | 49.3 |
Macroelement mother liquor M2 allocation list 2
| Macroelement (100 times) | Ca(NO 3) 2·4H 2O | KNO 3 | NH 4NO 3 | KH 2PO 4 | MgSO 4·7H 2O |
| g/L | 108.7 | 47.3 | 4.5 | 46 | 49.3 |
Trace element mother liquor allocation list 3
Molysite allocation list 4
| Molysite (100 times) | Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate | Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate |
| g/L | 2.78g/L | 3.73g/L |
Fertilising table 5
| Suo Bang | Malong | Siberia |
| Macroelement liquid M220ml | Macroelement mother liquor M220ml | Macroelement mother liquor M120ml |
| Liquid microelement 10ml | Trace element mother liquor 10ml | Trace element mother liquor 10ml |
| Iron salt solutions 10ml | Iron salt solutions 10ml | Iron salt solutions 10ml |
| Water 2L | Water 2L | Water 2L |
In above-mentioned fertilising scheme, table 3 is liquid microelements, table 4 is iron salt solutions, what the trace of three kinds was executed with molysite is the same, just macroelement liquid is different, Suo Bang and Malong in a large number according to table 2(macroelement liquid M2) formulated for administered, Siberian in a large number according to table 1(macroelement mother liquor M1) formulated for administered.
The breeding of seed ball and many cultivations half a year through half a year, the Zhou Jing that can obtain more than 90% is greater than 9cm, the small seed ball that scale is full, if continue the seed ball field planting will obtained, can be in 2 years with the interior lily commodity ball that successfully obtains, the time of passable balling-up at least 3 years under natural conditions can be shortened to 2 years greatly, at least improve 2/3 of cultivation cycle.According to the general import lily commodity ball of blooming, peel off 50, the scale in outer and middle level, each scale is living 2-3 small seed ball once, and a cultivation cycle just can obtain 50 * (2-3) * 90%=90～135 a qualified high-quality small seed ball.
Claims (8)
1. an oriental hybrid lily seed ball and plant the breeding method of ball, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) be after 1:0.8～1.2 ratios are mixed by volume by peat and perlite, add water and mix and make substrate for breeding, wherein moisture mass ratio is 50～60%; Then to the substrate for breeding spray disinfectant, after fully stirring, substrate for breeding is placed in plastic film, shines upon lower seal sterilization 3～5 days, daytime, the substrate for breeding internal temperature was greater than 50 ℃;
2) the lily kind of selecting oriental hybrid lily to be bred to be, screening product lover's kind ball is as the mother bulb of breeding; Mother bulb is placed under 0～5 ℃ of condition and preserves 2.5～3.5 months breaking dormancies;
Perhaps using the lily ball of blooming as mother bulb, remove breaking dormancy from;
3) peel off the peripheral scale of mother bulb, successively scale is broken down from outside to inside from mother bulb base portion plateau, selection lover's scale then soaks scale 15～30min in thimerosal, takes out with clear water and rinses, and naturally dries;
4) in container according to the order of the scale after the substrate for breeding after one deck sterilization, one deck sterilization, stack gradually repeatedly, wherein the scale concave surface, and keeps the bulb ventilation breath upward;
5) by the scale after splendid attire, put into temperature and be 25～30 ℃, humidity and be greater than under 80% condition and cultivate 8～12 weeks, scale is bred and is formed the seed ball during this period, seed ball propagation;
6) after cultivating end, the seed ball is transferred under 0～5 ℃ of condition and preserved 10～15 weeks breaking dormancies; Then take out the seed ball and carry out the cultivation of lily ball;
The cultivation of lily ball comprises the following steps:
7) by the maize straw after becoming thoroughly decomposed and vermiculite by volume for after 1:0.8～1.5 ratios mix, add water and mix and make culture medium, wherein moisture mass ratio is 50～60%; Then to the culture medium spray disinfectant, after fully stirring, culture medium is placed in plastic film, shines upon lower seal sterilization 3～5 days, daytime, the culture medium internal temperature was greater than 50 ℃;
8) culture medium after sterilization is placed on to the bottom of the chest after sterilization, then on culture medium, places the seed ball, then cover one deck culture medium on the seed ball, finally on culture medium, spill one deck fine sand, fully water;
9), after the field planting of seed ball, in process of growth, temperature was controlled as 15～20 ℃ of 20～25 ℃/nights in daytime;
10) regularly fertilising, insecticide spraying or sterilization.
2. oriental hybrid lily seed ball as claimed in claim 1 and plant the breeding method of ball, it is characterized in that, the substrate for breeding of every cubic metre thimerosal used is: the Imidacloprid of the thiophanate methyl of the carbendazim of 20～50g mass concentration 50%+15～30g mass concentration 70%+1～10g mass concentration 75%.
3. oriental hybrid lily seed ball as claimed in claim 1 and plant the breeding method of ball, is characterized in that, usings fresh full, scale consolidation, anosis pityriasis simplex, basal disc is healthy, root system is intact kind ball as the mother bulb of breeding.
4. the breeding method of oriental hybrid lily seed ball as claimed in claim 1 and kind ball, is characterized in that, the thimerosal that scale soaks use is:
The Imidacloprid of the mass concentration 75% of the carbendazim of the mass concentration 50% of the thiophanate methyl of the mass concentration 70% of the tpn of the mass concentration 75% of 300～400 times of dilutions+100～150 times of dilutions+150～200 times of dilutions+1500～2000 times of dilutions.
5. the breeding method of oriental hybrid lily seed ball as claimed in claim 1 and kind ball, is characterized in that, the thickness of described substrate for breeding is 3～5cm, and the thickness of scale is 3～5cm; Substrate for breeding and scale are placed in plastic crate, and cover by perforated plastic films.
6. the breeding method of oriental hybrid lily seed ball as claimed in claim 1 and kind ball, is characterized in that, it is characterized in that, the field planting seeding row spacing of described seed ball is (8～10) * (6～8) cm; The thickness of bottom half culture medium is 8～15cm, and the stromal thickness at seed ball top is 2～3cm.
7. oriental hybrid lily seed ball as claimed in claim 1 and plant the breeding method of ball, is characterized in that, every 50～100 strain lilies carried out following fertilising according to different kinds every 10 days 20 day after tomorrow in field planting:
Suo Bang, Malong: macroelement liquid M220ml, liquid microelement 10ml and iron salt solutions 10ml, water 2L;
Siberia: macroelement liquid M120ml, liquid microelement 10ml and iron salt solutions 10ml, water 2L;
Described macroelement liquid M2 comprises: Ca (NO
3)
24H
2o108.7g/L, KNO
347.3g/L, NH
4nO
34.5g/L, KH
2pO
446g/L and MgSO
47H
2o49.3g/L;
Described macroelement liquid M1 comprises: Ca (NO
3)
24H
2o72.7g/L, KNO
313.5g/L, NH
4nO
330.1g/L, KH
2pO
430.8g/L and MgSO
47H
2o49.3g/L;
Described liquid microelement comprises: potassium iodide 83mg/l, boric acid 620mg/L, manganese sulphate 2230mg/L, zinc sulphate 860mg/L, sodium molybdate 25mg/L, copper sulphate 2.5mg/L and cobalt chloride 2.5mg/L;
Described iron salt solutions is for comprising: ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 2.78g/L and disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 3.73g/L;
And carry out weekly spray leaf fertilizer one time, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of the urea that the first trimester spray leaf fertilizer is 0.2～0.5% mass concentration+0.1～0.2% mass concentration, within latter three months, spray leaf fertilizer is 0.3～0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
8. oriental hybrid lily seed ball as claimed in claim 1 and plant the breeding method of ball, it is characterized in that, it is characterized in that, spray weekly medicine one time: the Imidacloprid of the mass concentration 75% of the carbendazim of the mass concentration 50% of the tpn of the mass concentration 75% of 500～600 times of dilutions+500～600 times of dilutions+3000～4000 times of dilutions;
Perhaps with the thiophanate methyl of the mass concentration 70% of 500～750 times of dilutions, replace the carbendazim of the mass concentration 50% of 500～600 times of dilutions.
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| CN105594690B (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2018-07-17 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of disinfection treatment method and thimerosal improving lilium oriental cultivation quality |
| CN105746318B (en) * | 2016-02-28 | 2018-07-20 | 西诺（北京）花卉种业有限公司 | A kind of lily seed bulb scale breeding seed ball method |
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| CN101411301B (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2010-07-28 | 唐山师范学院 | Method for cultivating bulblet of lilium oritential with stratification processing in greenhouse |
| CN101941858B (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2012-11-21 | 北京林业大学 | Lilium Sorbonne soilless culture nutrient solution, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102484967B (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2013-10-30 | 辽宁省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Breeding method for oriental lily seedball |
| CN102173906A (en) * | 2011-01-27 | 2011-09-07 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Soilless culture nutrient solution as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN106665105A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-05-17 | 连云港市农业科学院 | Method for breeding bulbs of bulbus lilii by aid of sunlight greenhouses |
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