CN110663374B - Method for promoting propagation of lily meristematic bulb - Google Patents
Method for promoting propagation of lily meristematic bulb Download PDFInfo
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- CN110663374B CN110663374B CN201911114592.9A CN201911114592A CN110663374B CN 110663374 B CN110663374 B CN 110663374B CN 201911114592 A CN201911114592 A CN 201911114592A CN 110663374 B CN110663374 B CN 110663374B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting propagation of lily meristematic bulbs, which comprises three stages of germination accelerating treatment of lily mother bulbs, transverse cultivation of buds and proliferation and strengthening treatment of the meristematic bulbs. The method adopts lily primary mother bulbs with the girth more than or equal to 9cm obtained in a cuttage way for propagation of the separate growing bulbs, the mother bulbs after germination acceleration are transversely planted and covered with a substrate with enough thickness and strong water retention, high-frequency generation sites at the bud nodes 10cm above the stem roots are deeply buried in the substrate, the buds can quickly grow and break soil by utilizing the stimulation of gibberellin, the photosynthesis is accepted, the consumption is reduced, meanwhile, after the plant is capped and buds are removed, the expansion of the underground part is promoted by spraying K fertilizer and brassin, and maleic hydrazide is sprayed before the harvest to promote the nutrient retraction of the underground part, so that the quality of the lily mother bulbs and the separate growing bulbs is further improved. The method is simple and practical, is easy to operate, can obtain a large amount of first-generation breeding and rejuvenation materials, reduces the seed ball cost, shortens the breeding period, and has wide market prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flower planting, and particularly relates to a method for promoting propagation of lily meristematic bulbs.
Background
Bulbus Lilii (Liliumspp.) called the king of bulbous flowers, belonging to the family liliaceae, which has perennial bulbous plants. The lily bulbs of China are imported for a long time, at the end of the 90 s of the twentieth century, domestic enterprises begin to import 'kilogram bulbs' into the Netherlands and other countries in order to reduce the cost of the bulbs, namely, the commercial bulbs are obtained after rejuvenation of the 2 s of meristematic bulbs. However, since 2006, the netherlands and the like established trade walls through the related industry associationsAnd finally, the products are prohibited from being exported to China, so that the domestic growers are difficult to obtain breeding and rejuvenating materials from the source. Meanwhile, the 2 generation meristematic ball reduces the cost of the ball to a great extent, but has great risk due to serious degeneration.
The primary seed ball is a special seed ball product, grows in the soil of the breeding plant of the 1 generation, is embedded at the base of the stem or in the bulb, has less virus and is not easy to degrade, and is an excellent rejuvenation material. However, the conventionally planted lily bulbs have low propagation efficiency, high aberration rate, uneven specification and size, nutritional loss of the mother bulbs, and the mature scale cutting self-propagation system needs to be combined, so that the utilization difficulty is high, the basic research is weak, and the technical development cannot form a system. Therefore, exploring a new method for promoting the propagation of the lily bulbs has important significance for solving the planting problem of the branch bulbs and obtaining a large amount of high-quality original branch bulbs.
In the continuous research process, the nodes around the lily stem roots are high-frequency sites for generating meristematic bulbs, and the incidence rate gradually decreases towards the top of the plant; the rooting part of the stem is close to the surface layer of soil, the meristematic ball generated around the rooting part is easily exposed to direct sunlight, the ball body turns green, the top end of the meristematic ball is opened or withered to form a grinning ball, or a fertilizer agent is directly sprayed on the surface of the meristematic ball to form a wrinkled ball, or a mother ball is degraded to form a wrapped ball; the specification of the separate growing ball is related to the nutrition of the mother ball, the soil moisture density and the planting depth.
Based on the problems, the invention adopts the lily primary generation mother bulbs with the girth more than or equal to 9cm obtained in one year by cuttage as materials to propagate the separate bulbs, the mother bulbs after germination acceleration are transversely planted and are covered with a substrate with enough thickness and strong water retention, high-frequency generation sites at the bud nodes of 10cm above the stem roots are deeply buried in the substrate, the buds can quickly grow and break the soil by utilizing the stimulation of gibberellin, the photosynthesis is accepted to reduce the consumption, meanwhile, after the top of the plant is sealed and the buds are removed, the expansion of the underground part is promoted by spraying K fertilizer and brassin, and the systemic herbicide maleic hydrazide is sprayed before the harvest to promote the nutrient retraction of the overground part, thereby further improving the quality of the lily mother bulbs and the separate bulbs. And the protospecies meristematic ball belongs to 1 generation of propagation material additionally obtained in the 1 generation of commodity ball culture process, is an important supplement for creating protospecies materials, has high additional value and has wide market application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for promoting the propagation of lily sympodial bulbs, which can promote the propagation and the expansion of the lily sympodial bulbs while ensuring the quality of the mother bulbs, can solve the problems of low propagation coefficient, high aberration rate, uneven specification and size and the like of the meristematic bulbs, and obtains high-quality protospecies meristematic bulbs.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for promoting the propagation of lily meristematic bulbs comprises three stages of germination accelerating treatment of lily mother bulbs, transverse cultivation of buds and proliferation and strengthening treatment of the meristematic bulbs.
The lily mother bulbs are healthy seed bulbs without pests and with the surrounding diameter of more than or equal to 9cm, which are obtained by cutting lily scales in a plug substrate for one year. The hole tray used for cuttage is a 28-hole tray with single hole of 7cm multiplied by 4cm multiplied by 15cm, and the used substrate is peat soil.
The germination accelerating treatment is to place the lily mother bulbs in a dark cold storage at 10-13 ℃ for 7 days until the height of the buds is about 10cm, and then spray 100ppm gibberellin to each bud.
The transverse cultivation of the buds comprises the following steps:
1) taking out the lily mother ball subjected to the pregermination treatment together with the matrix wrapped by the root system from the plug tray;
2) taking a planting frame as a cultivation container, transversely placing the lily mother balls into a frame body covered with a matrix, enabling the tips of buds to be horizontal to the bottom surface of the frame, and then covering the mother balls with the matrix with the thickness of 15-20 cm;
3) leveling the matrix, watering once to enable the matrix to sink and be better combined with the mother ball and the bud body, and then replenishing water once within 5-7 days; spraying 5-5-45 NPK water soluble fertilizer once after the plant body emits the matrix for 10 days, wherein the dosage is 4.5g/m2(ii) a After the plant is capped, the flower bud is timely removed to block reproductive growth, so that the vegetative growth of the underground seed ball is converted.
The specification of the planting frame used in the step 2) is 60cm multiplied by 42cm multiplied by 31cm, and the inner side of the frame is isolated by a plastic bag; three rows of 5 drainage holes are drilled on the plastic bag, the aperture of each drainage hole is 3-4cm, and the distance is 10cm multiplied by 10 cm; the matrix is peat soil. The row spacing of the lily bulbs is (6-8) × (12-14) cm.
The proliferation and strengthening treatment of the separate growing ball is to spray 600ppm KH on the leaf surface of each plant every 15d 2 months before the seed ball is harvested2PO4And 0.02ppm brassinolide; and spraying 200ppm of maleic hydrazide on each leaf surface 20 days before harvesting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the method for promoting the propagation of the lily bulbs comprises three stages of germination accelerating treatment of lily mother bulbs, transverse cultivation of buds and proliferation and strengthening treatment of the lily bulbs. In the first stage, primary mother balls obtained by lily scale plug substrate cuttage are used as materials for breeding of the branch balls, the virus and degeneration problems of the branch balls can be controlled from the root, the mother balls are fully germinated by germination accelerating treatment, a reserved space is reserved for transverse planting of buds, gibberellin is used for stimulation, the later-stage soil breaking time is shortened, and the consumption of the mother balls is reduced; in the second stage, a unique transverse bud planting mode is adopted, so that the high-frequency generation part of the meristematic ball is positioned at the same horizontal depth, the root system and nutrient absorption are synchronous with the mother ball, the quality and specification of the horizontal meristematic ball are ensured to be consistent, the matrix thickness of 15-20cm solves the deformity caused by the emergence of the meristematic ball, and the water retention of the matrix is enhanced, so that the germination of the root system of the meristematic ball is promoted; in the third stage, general nutrition competition exists between the blastomere and the cue ball, the nutrition of the cue ball is sufficient, the quality of the blastomere can be ensured, when reproductive growth is converted into vegetative growth and the underground part begins to rapidly expand, the growth and nutrition distribution of the underground part are promoted by mixing mineral elements and hormones, and systemic herbicide maleic hydrazide is sprayed before harvest, so that the nutrition reflux of the overground part is further promoted, the quality of the cue ball and the cue ball is effectively improved, and the problem of nutrition competition is solved.
Aiming at the difficulties in the propagation process of the prior lily bulbs, the invention provides a simple, practical and easy-to-operate planting method, which is beneficial to obtaining a large amount of high-quality lily primary bulbs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the lateral placement of lily bulbs according to the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a sample of a plant body obtained by cultivation according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the content of the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1:
the method comprises the steps of taking scales of the oriental lily and the sudoku as materials, carrying out plug peat soil cutting, wherein the plug is a 28-hole plug with a single hole of 7cm multiplied by 4cm multiplied by 15cm, and selecting disease-free healthy seed balls with the surrounding diameter of more than or equal to 9cm as mother balls from first-generation seed balls obtained after one year of cutting. Taking a planting frame (the specification is 60cm multiplied by 42cm multiplied by 31 cm) as a cultivation container (the inner side of the frame is isolated by a plastic bag, three rows of drainage holes are drilled on the plastic bag, each row is 5, the aperture of each drainage hole is 3-4cm, the distance is 10cm multiplied by 10 cm), peat soil is taken as a substrate, and the substrate with root system package of the lily mother bulbs is taken out from a hole tray for cultivation according to different treatment modes; the row spacing of the mother ball is (6-8) × (12-14) cm; leveling the substrate, watering once to permeate water so that the substrate sinks to be better combined with the seed balls and the buds, and replenishing water once after 5-7 days; spraying 5-5-45 NPK water soluble fertilizer once after the plant body emits the matrix for 10 days, wherein the dosage is 4.5g/m2(ii) a After the plant is capped, the flower buds are removed in time, the reproductive growth is blocked, the vegetative growth of the underground seed balls is converted, water and fertilizer are supplemented for one time in the period of 10 days, and the conventional pesticide spraying prevention treatment is carried out.
Different treatment modes are as follows: a. the tips of the mother balls face upwards, the roots of the mother balls face downwards, the mother balls are planted in the frame body covered with the matrix in the positive direction, and then the matrix with the thickness of 10cm is covered on the mother balls; b. the tips of the cue balls are horizontal to the bottom surface of the frame, and are transversely planted in the frame body covered with the matrix, and then the matrix with the thickness of 10cm is covered on the cue balls; c. placing the mother ball in a dark refrigerator at 10-13 deg.C for germination for 7d until the height of bud is about 10cm, planting the bud with its tip end upward and root downward in a frame coated with matrix, and covering the mother ball with matrix with thickness of 15 cm; d. placing the mother ball in a dark cold storage at 10-13 deg.C for germination for 7d until the height of bud is about 10cm, placing the tip of the bud horizontally on the bottom surface of the frame, transversely planting in the frame covered with matrix, and covering the mother ball with matrix of 15cm thickness; e. the method comprises the steps of firstly placing the mother ball in a dark refrigerator at 10-13 ℃ for accelerating germination for 7d until the height of a bud is about 10cm, then spraying 100ppm gibberellin to each bud, then horizontally placing the tip of each bud on the bottom surface of a frame, transversely placing the frame covered with a matrix, and covering the mother ball with the matrix with the thickness of 15 cm.
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on green pellet growth
The results in table 1 show that pure positive seeds, transverse seeds or postgermination-accelerating positive seeds have no obvious influence on the growth of the blastosphere, transverse deep-buried planting must be carried out on the basis of germination accelerating, the symbiotic rate of the mother ball and the blastosphere can reach 100%, no malformed ball appears, the meristem coefficient can reach 5.7, namely, one mother ball is provided with 5.7 blastospheres on average, and the yield is improved by 4.4 times compared with that of conventional planting; the phenomenon that the ground breaking time of plants is delayed due to deep burying can be solved by spraying gibberellin, and the gibberellin has positive stimulation effect on the germination of the gemmules. Therefore, the pregermination is combined with gibberellin treatment and transverse deep-buried planting, so that the problems of low meristem sphere propagation coefficient and high aberration rate can be effectively solved, and the production of the meristem spheres from small scale to industrialization is possible.
Example 2:
1. pregermination treatment of cue ball
The method comprises the steps of taking scales of oriental lily and siberian as materials, carrying out plug peat soil cutting, selecting a first generation seed ball obtained after one year of cutting as a mother ball, placing the mother ball in a dark refrigerator at 10-13 ℃ for accelerating germination for 7d until the height of a bud is about 10cm, and spraying 100ppm gibberellin to each bud.
2. Transverse cultivation of buds
Taking out the matrix wrapped by the lily mother ball with the root system after germination accelerating treatment from a hole tray, taking a planting frame (the specification is 60cm multiplied by 42cm multiplied by 31 cm) as a cultivation container (the inner side of the frame is isolated by a plastic bag, three rows of drainage holes are drilled on the plastic bag, 5 drainage holes are drilled in each row, the aperture of each drainage hole is 3-4cm, the distance is 10cm multiplied by 10 cm), peat soil is taken as the matrix, transversely placing the lily mother ball into a frame body covered with the matrix, enabling the tip of the bud body to be horizontal to the bottom surface of the frame, and then covering the matrix with the thickness of 15-20cm on the mother ball; the row spacing of the mother ball is (6-8) × (12-14) cm; leveling the substrate, watering once to permeate water so that the substrate sinks to be better combined with the seed balls and the buds, and replenishing water once after 5-7 days; spraying 5-5-45 NPK water soluble fertilizer once after the plant body emits the matrix for 10 days, wherein the dosage is 4.5g/m2(ii) a After the plant is capped, the flower buds are removed in time to block reproductive growth and convert the reproductive growth into vegetative growth of underground seed balls.
3. Different agents for promoting proliferation and strengthening treatment
a. No treatment is carried out; b. 2 months before seed balls are harvested, 600ppm KH is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of each plant every 15 days2PO4And 0.02ppm brassinolide; and spraying 200ppm of maleic hydrazide on each leaf surface 20 days before harvesting.
TABLE 2 Effect of different drug treatments on the size and inclusion of Anodonta Sombroidea bulbs
Table 3 effect of different drug treatments on siberia bulb specification and inclusion
The results shown in tables 2 and 3 indicate that 600ppm KH2PO4+0.02ppm brassinolide, and the first seed with conidiophore diameter not less than 6cm for sudob and siberiaThe ball percentage is respectively increased by 56.5 percent and 62.1 percent, and the commodity ball percentage of the mother ball with the diameter of more than or equal to 14cm is respectively increased by 52.7 percent and 45.2 percent; then spraying 200ppm maleic hydrazide, the first-class seed ball with the conidial diameter of more than or equal to 6cm of the hyriopsis cumingii and Siberia reaches 100%, and the commodity ball with the mother ball diameter of more than or equal to 14cm reaches 100%. The method proves that different varieties of lily can obtain a great amount of high-quality meristematic seed balls with high specification under the condition of ensuring the quality of the mother ball, and has important significance for the industrialization of the meristematic ball.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for promoting the propagation of lily bulbs is characterized in that: the method comprises three stages of germination accelerating treatment of lily mother bulbs, transverse cultivation of buds and proliferation strengthening treatment of separate growing bulbs;
the germination accelerating treatment is to place the lily mother bulbs in a dark refrigerator at 10-13 ℃ for 7 days until the height of the buds is 10cm, and then spray 100ppm gibberellin to each bud;
the transverse cultivation of the buds comprises the following steps:
1) taking out the lily mother ball subjected to the pregermination treatment together with the matrix wrapped by the root system from the plug tray;
2) taking a planting frame as a cultivation container, transversely placing the lily mother balls into a frame body covered with a matrix, enabling the tips of buds to be horizontal to the bottom surface of the frame, and then covering the mother balls with the matrix with the thickness of 15-20 cm;
3) leveling the matrix, watering once to permeate water so that the matrix sinks to be better combined with the cue ball and the bud body, and then replenishing water once within 5-7 days; spraying 5-5-45N-P-K water soluble fertilizer once 10 days after the plant body emerges from the matrix, wherein the dosage of each time is 4.5g/m2(ii) a After the plant is capped, the flower buds are removed in time to promote the vegetative growth of underground seed balls;
the proliferation and strengthening treatment of the separate growing ball is to spray 600ppm KH on the leaf surface of each plant every 15d 2 months before the seed ball is harvested2PO4And 0.02ppm brassinolide; spraying 200ppm of maleic on leaf surfaces of each plant 20 days before harvestA hydrazide.
2. The method for promoting the propagation of a meristematic bulb of lily according to claim 1, wherein: the lily mother bulb is a healthy seed bulb without pests and with the surrounding diameter of more than or equal to 9cm, which is obtained by cutting lily scales in a plug substrate for one year.
3. The method for promoting the propagation of lily bulbs according to claim 2, wherein: the plug tray for lily scales cuttage is a 28-hole plug tray with single hole of 7cm multiplied by 4cm multiplied by 15cm, and the used substrate is peat soil.
4. The method for promoting the propagation of lily bulbs according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specification of the planting frame used in the step 2) is 60cm multiplied by 42cm multiplied by 31cm, and the inner side of the frame is isolated by a plastic bag; three rows of 5 drainage holes are drilled on the plastic bag, the aperture of each drainage hole is 3-4cm, and the distance is 10cm multiplied by 10 cm; the matrix is peat soil.
5. The method for promoting the propagation of lily bulbs according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 2) the row spacing of the lily bulbs is (6-8) × (12-14) cm.
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| CN100382677C (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2008-04-23 | 潘利军 | Lily ball breeding method for fresh cutting flower production |
| CN102742440B (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2014-01-01 | 西北农林科技大学 | Breeding and culture method for oriental lily bulblet and bulb |
| CN102972198A (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2013-03-20 | 连云港市农业科学院 | Method for enlarging oriental lily scale cutting ball |
| CN107549017B (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-12-31 | 甘肃省科学院生物研究所 | Propagation method of lilium davidii |
| CN107996061B (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2021-06-22 | 崔艳俊 | Pot-covering two-section root propagation method for lily bulbs |
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