CN103704114B - A kind of steam root pad cultivating device and using method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of soilless cultivation, and specifically provides a water vapor root pad cultivation equipment, which is composed of a cultivation box, a grid, a root pad, an atomizing nozzle and a timer; the upper part of the cultivation box is horizontally provided with a grid, and the grid The root mat for planting plants is laid on the top of the cultivation box, and the upper opening of the cultivation box is covered with plastic film; the bottom of the cultivation box is provided with atomizing nozzles to provide atomized water and/or nutrient solution for the root mat, and the timer controls the spray nozzle. Spray time. The invention also provides a cultivation method using the water vapor root pad cultivation equipment. The invention uses the root mat to slowly release the humidity in the box, so that the air humidity is kept at 75-95%, which is beneficial to the growth of aerial roots, and solves the problems of low dissolved oxygen, poor buffer capacity, easy root rot and suitable varieties in hydroponic cultivation. limited and other problems, and compared with substrate cultivation, the substrate demand is small, saving resources and costs. The invention fundamentally improves the existing soilless cultivation mode, and will promote the overall development of the soilless cultivation industry.

Description

A kind of water vapor root mat cultivation equipment and using method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to the field of soilless cultivation, in particular to a water vapor root pad cultivation equipment and a method for using the same.

Background technique

Soilless cultivation frees crop production from the constraints of the soil. The crops not only have high yields, but also have good quality and no pollution. Green food can be produced, greatly expanding the available space for agricultural production. Developing multi-layer three-dimensional cultivation in greenhouses and other facilities, making full use of space and tapping the agricultural production potential of facility horticulture has a great effect.

At present, there are still many problems in soilless cultivation. First, there is a large demand for substrate in substrate cultivation, and the continuous cropping substrate is easy to carry pathogens and spread diseases, which leads to large consumption of substrate and often needs to be replaced, which increases the cost of soilless cultivation. Second, there is low dissolved oxygen in hydroponic cultivation. , poor buffering capacity, easy to cause rotten roots, and limited suitable varieties.

The problems mentioned above have limited the comprehensive development of the soilless cultivation industry. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to fundamentally improve the existing soilless cultivation mode.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the difficulties of continuous cropping in substrate cultivation, the large demand for substrates, and the problems of low dissolved oxygen, poor buffer capacity, easy rotten roots, and limited suitable varieties in hydroponic cultivation, the present invention aims to provide a water vapor root pad cultivation equipment and its Instructions.

A water vapor root pad cultivation equipment provided by the invention is composed of a cultivation box, a grid frame, a root pad, an atomizing nozzle and a timer; For the root mat, the top of the cultivation box is covered with plastic film; the bottom of the cultivation box is provided with atomizing nozzles to provide atomized water for the root mat, and the timer controls the spraying time of the atomizing nozzles.

Wherein, the cultivation box is required to have anti-light, anti-leakage, heat preservation and moisturizing effects. Choose load-bearing and corrosion-resistant materials (such as angle steel and/or wooden frames) as the frame of the cultivation box, and materials with thermal insulation and heat insulation effects (such as plates) as the bottom surface and four walls of the cultivation box. The cultivation box is not easily deformed after the frame is made of load-bearing and corrosion-resistant materials; the bottom surface and four walls of the box are made of materials with heat preservation and heat insulation effects, which can have the effect of heat preservation and avoid excessive temperature changes in the cultivation box from affecting the plants. grow.

Wherein, the cultivation box is lined with black plastic film and non-woven fabric successively, so that after the root mat is laid on the net frame, the root mat and the lower part of the cultivation box form a dark environment, and the air humidity is kept for a long time, which is conducive to aerial root growth. growth.

Wherein, the root mat has a layered structure, the first layer is laid with non-woven fabric from bottom to top, and the second layer is laid with cultivation substrate. The first layer of non-woven fabric can play the role of moisturizing and leak-proof. The second layer lays the cultivation substrate, which plays the role of fixing the plants, and the thickness and material can be changed according to the growth characteristics of the plants. The cultivation substrate can adopt any plant cultivation substrate with good water absorption, water retention and permeability according to the needs of plants, so as to facilitate the root system to extend to the box and form aerial roots.

Among them, the spray effect of the atomizing nozzle should evenly cover the bottom of the root mat. It is preferable to install several rows of atomizing nozzles with a row spacing of 400mm, and the spacing of the same row of nozzles is 200mm.

Wherein, the cultivation box is 5000-8000mm long, 700mm wide and 500-700mm high.

Among them, the grid frame is installed horizontally, which can avoid the imbalance of water vapor. The grid frame is horizontally arranged at a place 400-600 mm away from the bottom surface of the cultivation box. The material of the grid frame should be able to be exposed to high humidity for a long time without decay or rust, such as polyethylene, galvanized steel and other materials. The mesh size of the grid frame is preferably 30mm×30mm.

Among them, the timer accurately controls the spray time, and then controls the spray volume to achieve automatic control.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method using the water vapor root pad cultivation equipment, specifically comprising the following steps:

1) Plant the plants on the root mat, and cover the top of the cultivation box with plastic film;

2) Spray water and/or nutrient solution evenly through the atomizing nozzle onto the non-woven fabric under the root mat and the inner lining of the box to meet the needs of plant growth and aerial root formation. The spraying time is precisely controlled by a timer to avoid Air humidity is less than 75%.

Wherein, the spray time in step 2) is 5-6 times a day, 5-10 minutes each time. Therefore, the spraying time of the present invention is reduced to one-twentieth to one-tenth of conventional aerosol cultivation.

The invention also provides the application of the water vapor root pad cultivation equipment in soilless cultivation of plants.

The invention also provides the application of the cultivation method using the water vapor root pad cultivation equipment in the soilless cultivation of plants.

The advantages provided by the present invention are:

1) Compared with conventional substrate cultivation, the root mat of the present invention requires less substrate, which greatly saves resources and costs, and largely avoids continuous cropping obstacles caused by repeated use of substrates.

2) The present invention uses the root mat to slowly release the humidity in the box, so that the aerial roots extending below the root mat are in a state of 75-95% relative air humidity, increasing a large number of absorbing roots and avoiding the rhizosphere environment The humidity is too high, which solves the problems of low dissolved oxygen, poor buffer capacity, easy root rot, and limited suitable varieties.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the water vapor root pad cultivation equipment of the present invention in Example 1.

Wherein, 1 is a cultivation box, 2 is a grid frame, 3 is a root pad, 4 is an atomizing nozzle, and 5 is a timer.

Detailed ways

The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Embodiment 1 Water vapor root mat cultivation equipment of the present invention

The structure of water vapor root pad cultivation equipment of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1, is made of cultivation box body 1, grid frame 2, root pad 3, atomizing nozzle 4 and timer 5; Frame 2, the root mat 3 that planting plant is laid on the network frame 2, and cultivation case 1 is covered with plastic film; Device 5 controls the spraying time of atomizing nozzle 4.

In this embodiment, angle steel (specification: 6000mm×30mm×30mm) is selected as the frame of the cultivation box. Use polystyrene board (specification: 2000mm×1000mm×30mm) as the bottom surface and four walls of the cultivation box. The cabinet is 5000mm long, 700mm wide and 500mm high. After the cultivation box is lined with black plastic film, it is lined with non-woven fabric.

The grid frame is installed horizontally, it is galvanized steel mesh, the grid size is 30mm×30mm, and the installation height of the grid frame is 400mm from the bottom surface of the cultivation box.

The root pad has a layered structure, the first layer from bottom to top is laid with non-woven fabric, and the second layer is laid with cultivation substrate. The first layer of non-woven fabric can play the role of moisturizing and leak-proof. The second layer lays the cultivation substrate, which plays the role of fixing the plants, and the thickness and material can be changed according to the growth characteristics of the plants.

The top of the cultivation box is covered with plastic film to prevent water from evaporating.

The atomizing nozzles at the bottom of the cultivation box are installed in 2 rows at a distance of 400mm, and the nozzle spacing is 200mm.

The timer precisely controls the spray time.

Embodiment 2 uses the cultivation method of the water vapor root pad cultivation equipment

For the equipment used, see Example 1.

The plant cultivated in this example is tomato, the variety is TK1588, and the seeds are purchased from Beijing. The cultivation substrate used for the root mat is peat and perlite at a ratio of 3:1. In addition, 10kg of organic fertilizer is added per cubic meter, and it is laid until it is flush with the mouth of the box, and covered with plastic film after watering. Sowing seedlings on March 28, planting on the root pad of the equipment described in Example 1 on May 2, row spacing 500mm, plant spacing 400mm, adopting single vine pruning, hanging vines when the plant height is 200mm, topdressing compound fertilizer per mu during the fruiting period 15kg.

The seedling spray time is set to be turned on for only 5 minutes at 0:00 at night, and turned off for the rest of the time. It is turned on for 5 minutes and turned off for 195 minutes every day from 6:00 am to 8:00 pm in the daytime; it is turned on for 5 minutes and turned off for 1-2 hours during the fruiting period, and the number of rainy days is reduced. Open times.

The result of the tomato cultivation test using this method shows that the plant grows robustly and the continuous fruit is strong, which is obviously better than the conventional soilless cultivation method, and the yield is increased by 10-15%.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made. These improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A water vapor root pad cultivation equipment, consisting of a cultivation box, a grid, a root pad, an atomizing nozzle and a timer; the upper part of the cultivation box is horizontally provided with a grid, and the root pad for planting plants is laid on the grid , the top of the cultivation box is covered with plastic film; the bottom of the cultivation box is equipped with atomizing nozzles to provide atomized water for the root mat, and the timer controls the spraying time of the atomizing nozzles; The cultivation box is sequentially lined with black plastic film and non-woven fabric; The root pad is a layered structure, the first layer is laid with non-woven fabric from bottom to top, and the second layer is laid with cultivation substrate; For the cultivation box, load-bearing and corrosion-resistant materials are used as the frame of the cultivation box, and materials with heat preservation and heat insulation effects are used as the bottom surface and four walls of the cultivation box; A plurality of rows of atomizing nozzles are installed with a line spacing of 400 mm among the atomizing nozzles, and the distance between the atomizing nozzles in the same line is 200 mm; The cultivation box body is 5000-8000mm long, 700mm wide, and 500-700mm high; the grid frame is horizontally arranged at a distance of 400-600mm from the bottom surface of the cultivation box. 2. use the cultivation method of water vapor root pad cultivation equipment described in claim 1, specifically comprise the steps: 1) plant the plants on the root mat, and cover the top of the cultivation box with plastic film; 2) Spray water and/or nutrient solution evenly through the atomizing nozzle onto the non-woven fabric under the root mat and the inner lining of the cultivation box to meet the needs of plant growth and aerial root formation. The spray time is precisely controlled by a timer to avoid cultivation The air humidity in the box is less than 75%. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, the spraying time of step 2) is 5-6 times a day, 5-10 minutes each time. 4. The application of the water vapor root pad cultivation equipment described in claim 1 in the soilless cultivation of plants. 5. The application of the method according to claim 2 or 3 in the soilless cultivation of plants.