CN108040562A - A kind of continuous cropping greenhouse plants water-fertilizer conditioning method - Google Patents
A kind of continuous cropping greenhouse plants water-fertilizer conditioning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108040562A CN108040562A CN201711226894.6A CN201711226894A CN108040562A CN 108040562 A CN108040562 A CN 108040562A CN 201711226894 A CN201711226894 A CN 201711226894A CN 108040562 A CN108040562 A CN 108040562A
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- fertilizer
- water
- continuous cropping
- irrigation
- greenhouse plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of continuous cropping greenhouse plants water-fertilizer conditioning method, this method passes through E20The irrigation upper and lower bound of evaporation capacity and crop pan coefficient the control continuous cropping greenhouse plants different growing of type evaporating dish, is aided with corresponding fertilizer regime.The present invention obtains the water-fertilizer conditioning system of a set of southern area continuous cropping greenhouse, method of administration is simple and feasible, can carry out large-scale promotion application by field trial and application；The concentration of the both controllable soil salt of the present invention, makes its unlikely and generates salt stress to crop, and Water-soluble salt can also control the salinity that in suitable scope, to make this part be nutrient originally gradually absorbed by crop, improve liquid manure utilization ratio；Suitable fertilising and irrigation program can reduce the loss of nutrient, reduce agricultural non-point source pollution；Present invention is particularly suitable for the water and fertilizer management in tomato planting field, and technology maturation, the incidence of bacterial wilt can be reduced, large-scale promotion application can be carried out in actual production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water-saving irrigation technique fields, and in particular to a kind of continuous cropping greenhouse plants water-fertilizer conditioning method, especially
It is related to a kind of southern area Tomato in Greenhouse water-saving fertilizer-saving irrigation method.
Background technology
The irrigation program of crop is mostly held according to knowhow or field waits moisture bound to control, the former be mostly irrigate through furrow or
Person's flood irrigation, irrigation water utilization efficiency is relatively low, serious waste water resource, and the latter is then relatively cumbersome, it is necessary to buy soil moisture content speed
Survey instrument or relevant baking oven etc., it is of high cost, time-consuming and conversion it is relatively cumbersome.E20Small-sized evaporating dish is of low cost, and calculates
Mode is simple, is only simple multiplication.
The patent of invention of Application No. CN201410558857.5 discloses a kind of automatic water supplement for instructing field irrigation and carves
Degree formula evaporator is, it can be achieved that evaporator automatic watering.The patent solves the problems, such as manually to read evaporation capacity and manually adds water, real
Graduated scale is showed and has directly read evaporation capacity and automatic watering, but the irrigation volume that cannot directly convert is to instruct to irrigate.
The patent of invention of Application No. CN201310095243.3 discloses a kind of field irrigation instruction device, can be accurately anti-
Reflect farmland water consumption.The patent in evaporating dish opening by setting the mesh identical with crop size to be steamed come simulated farmland is actual
Hair amount, and read data by communication apparatus and keep the skin wet for evaporating dish, but evaporating dish opening uses and crop size
Identical mesh can only represent soil evaporativeness, can not accurate response crop wager requirements due to no plant growth.
The patent of invention of Application No. CN201210371695.5 disclose a kind of Crop Non-full Irrigation control system and
Method is, it can be achieved that the forecast and control of insufficient irrigation.Different climate condition, different evaporating dish specifications, Different Crop species,
Under different coverage conditions, pan coefficient has a larger difference, thus in local scope, a certain crop, open country or set
It applies under coverage condition, with the definite experimental study being required to for many years repeatedly of a certain corresponding pan coefficient of evaporating dish specification
And application verification, the foundation described in patent include the different regions Different Crop different bearing stage water demand of crop, evaporating dish system
The database for the data such as water deficit percentage that number and insufficient irrigation allow substantially is difficult to realize, and not necessarily can be
It is applied on each crop.In addition, the irrigation decision that uses of patent calculates for PC machine, cost is higher, it is necessary to special technology people
Member safeguards, is more suitably applied to scientific research field rather than application field.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：By testing for many years, and with biological organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer etc., different nitrogenous fertilizer types combine the present invention, obtain
The generalized formula mating to southern area continuous cropping greenhouse, can not only improve water use efficiency, but also can will be in continuous cropping plastic shed soil
Soluble organic fraction is efficiently used, and improves fertilizer utilization efficiency.Therefore, the technical problems to be solved by the invention there is provided
A kind of continuous cropping greenhouse plants water-fertilizer conditioning method.
Invention especially provides a kind of irrigation methods for being suitable for southern area Tomato in Greenhouse water-saving fertilizer-saving.
Technical solution：Existing in the prior art in order to solve the problems, such as, the present invention uses following technical scheme：A kind of continuous cropping is big
Canopy plant liquid fertilizer regulates and controls method, and this method passes through E20The evaporation capacity of type evaporating dish and crop-pan coefficient control continuous cropping greenhouse
The irrigation upper and lower bound of plant different growing, is aided with corresponding fertilizer regime.
Wherein, above-mentioned irrigation method for under-film drip irrigation or sprinkling irrigation mode, often go on be laid with a drip irrigation zone, water dropper spacing with
Spacing in the rows is identical.
Wherein, above-mentioned plant different growing includes seedling stage, the bloom phase of bearing fruit and fructescence,
In seedling stage and bloom the phase of bearing fruit, KcpValue, when cumulative evaporation is 20 ± 3mm, starts between 0.60~0.80
It pours water, irrigation quantity calculates according to the following formula：
Ir=Ep×Kcp
In formula, IrFor irrigation quantity, EpFor Pan evaporation amount, KcpFor crop-pan coefficient, according to small when actually pouring water
Irrigation quantity in formula is converted into L by area's area；
In fructescence, KcpValue when cumulative evaporation is 25 ± 4mm, starts to pour water, fill between 0.60~0.75
Water calculating is same as above.
Wherein, pour water to field capacity to delay with drip irrigation when above-mentioned irrigation method further includes transplanting plant seedlings
Seedling.
Wherein, above-mentioned fertilizer regime applies biological organic fertilizer for base, imposes chemical fertilizer, and the biological organic fertilizer dosage is localityization
The 60%-70% of the conventional amount of nitrogen of fertilizer, fertilizer amount are the 30%-40% of the conventional amount of nitrogen of local chemical fertilizer.Phosphate fertilizer and potassium
Fertilizer is applied according to local conventional amount used base.
The fertilizer regime of the present invention is in addition to nitrogen fertilizer amount is different, remaining is according to local conventional fertilizer application, using phosphorus, potassium
And calcareous fertilisers, such as calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate.
Wherein, above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer ferments 10~20 days including EM activity liquid, glass cassie and organic fertilizer stacking and forms.
Wherein, above-mentioned EM activity liquid, glass cassie and organic fertilizer quality ratio are：6~8：5~6:120~150.
Wherein, after above-mentioned EM activity liquid expands 10 times for EM stostes, 25-30 DEG C of fermentation forms for 9 days.
Wherein, above-mentioned organic fertilizer produces for Nanjing Ning Liang bioengineering Co., Ltd, the content of organic matter >=40%, leaded wastewater
For 4%, P+K=1%.
Wherein, plant of the present invention is tomato.
Advantageous effect：Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the invention that：
(1) by field trial and application, the water-fertilizer conditioning system of a set of southern area continuous cropping greenhouse is obtained, is applied
Method is simple and feasible, can carry out large-scale promotion application；
(2) concentration of the both controllable soil salt of the present invention, makes its unlikely and generates salt stress to crop, also can be by water solubility
In suitable scope, the salinity that make this part be nutrient originally is gradually absorbed by crop, is improved liquid manure and is utilized for salinity control
Efficiency；
(3) suitable fertilising and irrigation program can reduce the loss of nutrient, reduce agricultural non-point source pollution；
(4) present invention is applied to the production of continuous cropping tomato in plastic greenhouse, can reduce the incidence of bacterial wilt.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further details with reference to specific embodiment.
According to following embodiments, the present invention may be better understood.It is however, as it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that real
It applies the described content of example and is merely to illustrate the present invention, without sheet described in detail in claims should will not be limited
Invention.Following embodiment is in order to be described in further detail to the present invention, not to the limitation of invention.
Embodiment 1
The biological organic fertilizer of the present invention is 6kg EM activity liquid (after EM stostes expand 10 times, 25 DEG C ferment 9 days), 5kg glass
Cassie and 120kg organic fertilizers stacking, which ferment 10 days, obtains the biological organic fertilizer of 108kg, and wherein EM stostes, the purchase of glass cassie are in south
Jing Aimule trade Co., Ltds, organic fertilizer produce for Nanjing Ning Liang bioengineering Co., Ltd, and the content of organic matter >=40% contains
N amounts are 4%, P+K=1%.
By the biological organic fertilizer in the experiment of following greenhouse, selecting three greenhouses in Jiangning county Heng Xi towns, point
Not Wei continuous cropping 2 years, 3 years and 5 years, tomato poured water with drip irrigation when tomato seedling is transplanted and is used for slow seedling to field capacity.
In seedling stage and bloom the phase of bearing fruit, KcpValue 0.60 when cumulative evaporation is (20 ± 3) mm, starts to pour water；In fruit maturation
Phase, KcpValue 0.60 when cumulative evaporation is (25 ± 4) mm, starts to pour water.Irrigation quantity calculates according to the following formula：
Ir=Ep×Kcp (1)
In formula, IrFor irrigation quantity (mm), EpFor E20Type Pan evaporation amount, KcpFor crop-pan coefficient.Actually pour water
When according to plot area (hm2), the irrigation quantity mm in formula is converted into L.Fertilizer regime applies biological organic fertilizer, imposing for base
Fertilizer；Biological organic fertilizer dosage is the 60% of local common fertilizer amount of nitrogen, and fertilizer amount is local common fertilizer amount of nitrogen
40%.Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied according to local conventional amount used base.
Embodiment 2
The biological organic fertilizer of the present invention is 7kg EM activity liquid (after EM stostes expand 10 times, 30 DEG C ferment 9 days), 5.5kg
Glass cassie and 135kg organic fertilizers stacking, which ferment 20 days, obtains the biological organic fertilizer of 117kg, wherein EM stostes, the purchase of glass cassie in
Nanjing Ai Mule trade Co., Ltds, organic fertilizer produce for Nanjing Ning Liang bioengineering Co., Ltd, the content of organic matter >=40%,
Leaded wastewater is 4%, P+K=1%.
Three greenhouses in Jiangning county Heng Xi towns are selected, are respectively continuous cropping 2 years, 3 years and 5 years, tomato is in transplanting kind
It is poured water during eggplant seedling with drip irrigation and is used for slow seedling to field capacity.In seedling stage and bloom the phase of bearing fruit, KcpValue 0.69, when tired
When product evaporation capacity is (20 ± 3) mm, start to pour water；In fructescence, KcpValue is between 0.72, when cumulative evaporation is (25
± 4) during mm, start to pour water.Irrigation quantity calculates according to the following formula：
Ir=Ep×Kcp (1)
In formula, IrFor irrigation quantity (mm), EpFor E20Type Pan evaporation amount, KcpFor crop-pan coefficient.Actually pour water
When according to plot area (hm2), the irrigation quantity mm in formula is converted into L.
Fertilizer regime applies biological organic fertilizer for base, imposes chemical fertilizer；Biological organic fertilizer dosage is local common fertilizer amount of nitrogen
65%, fertilizer amount is the 35% of local common fertilizer amount of nitrogen.Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied according to local conventional amount used base.
Embodiment 3
The biological organic fertilizer of the present invention is 8kg EM activity liquid (after EM stostes expand 10 times, 28 DEG C ferment 9 days), 6kg glass
Cassie and 150kg organic fertilizers stacking, which ferment 15 days, obtains the biological organic fertilizer of 126kg, and wherein EM stostes, the purchase of glass cassie are in south
Jing Aimule trade Co., Ltds, organic fertilizer produce for Nanjing Ning Liang bioengineering Co., Ltd, and the content of organic matter >=40% contains
N amounts are 4%, P+K=1%.
Three greenhouses in Jiangning county Heng Xi towns are selected, are respectively continuous cropping 2 years, 3 years and 5 years, tomato is in transplanting kind
It is poured water during eggplant seedling with drip irrigation and is used for slow seedling to field capacity.In seedling stage and bloom the phase of bearing fruit, KcpValue 0.80, when tired
When product evaporation capacity is (20 ± 3) mm, start to pour water；In fructescence, KcpValue 0.75, when cumulative evaporation is (25 ± 4)
During mm, start to pour water.Irrigation quantity calculates according to the following formula：
Ir=Ep×Kcp (1)
In formula, IrFor irrigation quantity (mm), EpFor E20Type Pan evaporation amount, KcpFor crop-pan coefficient.Actually pour water
When according to plot area (hm2), the irrigation quantity mm in formula is converted into L.
Fertilizer regime applies biological organic fertilizer for base, imposes chemical fertilizer；Biological organic fertilizer dosage is local common fertilizer amount of nitrogen
70%, fertilizer amount is the 30% of local common fertilizer amount of nitrogen.Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied according to local conventional amount used base.
The specific experiment data and experimental result of Examples 1 to 3 are referring to table 1
Wherein, water production efficiency is yield and the ratio of irrigation quantity, compared with local conventional liquid manure system, moisture production
Efficiency averagely improves 32.7-40.0%, and utilization rate of fertilizer improves more than 33.0%, and bacterial wilt of tomato incidence reduces
More than 11.8%.
Finally it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention rather than the present invention is protected
The limitation of scope, although being explained in detail with reference to preferred embodiment to the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art should manage
Solution, technical scheme can be modified or replaced equivalently, without departing from technical solution of the present invention essence and
Scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of continuous cropping greenhouse plants water-fertilizer conditioning method, which is characterized in that this method passes through E20The evaporation capacity of type evaporating dish and
The irrigation upper and lower bound of crop-pan coefficient control continuous cropping greenhouse plants different growing, is aided with corresponding fertilizer regime.
A kind of 2. continuous cropping greenhouse plants water-fertilizer conditioning method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the irrigation method
For under-film drip irrigation or sprinkling irrigation mode, often go and be laid with a drip irrigation zone, water dropper spacing is identical with spacing in the rows.
3. a kind of continuous cropping greenhouse plants water-fertilizer conditioning method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the plant is different
Breeding time includes seedling stage, the bloom phase of bearing fruit and fructescence,
In seedling stage and bloom the phase of bearing fruit, KcpValue when cumulative evaporation is 20 ± 3mm, starts to pour water between 0.60~0.80,
Irrigation quantity calculates according to the following formula：
Ir=Ep×Kcp
In formula, IrFor irrigation quantity, EpFor Pan evaporation amount, KcpFor crop-pan coefficient, according to cell face when actually pouring water
Product, L is converted by the irrigation quantity in formula；
In fructescence, KcpValue when cumulative evaporation is 25 ± 4mm, starts to pour water between 0.60~0.75, irrigation quantity
Calculating is same as above.
A kind of 4. continuous cropping greenhouse plants water-fertilizer conditioning method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the irrigation method
It is poured water when further including transplanting plant seedlings with drip irrigation and is used for slow seedling to field capacity.
A kind of 5. continuous cropping greenhouse plants water-fertilizer conditioning method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fertilizer regime
Biological organic fertilizer is applied for base, imposes chemical fertilizer, the biological organic fertilizer dosage is the 60%-70% of local conventional amount of nitrogen, chemical fertilizer
Dosage is the 30%-40% of local conventional amount of nitrogen.
A kind of 6. continuous cropping greenhouse plants water-fertilizer conditioning method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the biological organic
Fertilizer includes EM activity liquid, glass cassie and the fermentation of organic fertilizer stacking and forms for 10~20 days.
A kind of 7. continuous cropping greenhouse plants water-fertilizer conditioning method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the EM activity
Liquid, glass cassie and organic fertilizer quality ratio are：6~8：5~6：120~150.
A kind of 8. continuous cropping greenhouse plants water-fertilizer conditioning method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the EM activity liquid
After expanding 10 times for EM stostes, 25-30 DEG C of fermentation forms for 9 days.
9. a kind of continuous cropping greenhouse plants water-fertilizer conditioning method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the organic fertilizer
The content of organic matter >=40%, leaded wastewater 4%, P+K=1%.
10. according to a kind of continuous cropping greenhouse plants water-fertilizer conditioning method of claim 1~9 any one of them, which is characterized in that institute
Plant is stated as tomato.
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| CN201711226894.6A CN108040562A (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | A kind of continuous cropping greenhouse plants water-fertilizer conditioning method |
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| CN201711226894.6A CN108040562A (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | A kind of continuous cropping greenhouse plants water-fertilizer conditioning method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109345039A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-15 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of crop production forecast method comprehensively considering water and saline stress |
| CN109374468A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-02-22 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | A kind of greenhouse evaporation from water surface amount determining device, irrigation system and method |
| CN110476731A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-22 | 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 | A kind of salt-soda soil crops seedling management method |
| CN111264156A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-12 | 上海市农业科学院 | Soil testing and formulated fertilization method for vegetables |
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| CN102870654A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2013-01-16 | 中国农业大学 | Control system and method for insufficient irrigation of crops |
| CN103011921A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-04-03 | 河海大学 | Preparation method of biological organic and inorganic mixed liquid fertilizer |
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| CN102870654A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2013-01-16 | 中国农业大学 | Control system and method for insufficient irrigation of crops |
| CN103011921A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-04-03 | 河海大学 | Preparation method of biological organic and inorganic mixed liquid fertilizer |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109374468A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-02-22 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | A kind of greenhouse evaporation from water surface amount determining device, irrigation system and method |
| CN109374468B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2022-02-11 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | Greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring device, irrigation system and method |
| CN109345039A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-15 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of crop production forecast method comprehensively considering water and saline stress |
| CN109345039B (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2021-02-23 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Crop yield prediction method comprehensively considering water and salt stress |
| CN110476731A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-22 | 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 | A kind of salt-soda soil crops seedling management method |
| CN111264156A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-12 | 上海市农业科学院 | Soil testing and formulated fertilization method for vegetables |
| CN111264156B (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2022-07-01 | 上海市农业科学院 | Soil testing and formulated fertilization method for vegetables |
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