CN101636477A - 润滑脂组合物以及轴承 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种改善了润滑脂对于润滑部位的流入性,并且即使高温环境下轴承寿命也长的轴承用润滑脂。该润滑脂组合物,其特征在于,含有基油和增稠剂,其中基油包含酯系合成油,酯系合成油的含量为基油全体的20质量%以上,并且增稠剂包含下述通式(I)所表示的二脲化合物:(I)R1-NHCONH-R2-NHCONH-R3,式中,R2表示碳数为6~15的2价芳香族烃基,R1和R3为相同或不同的基团,它们表示环己基、或碳数为8~22的直链或支化烷基,并且环己基的摩尔数相对于环己基和碳数为8~22的直链或支化烷基的总摩尔数的比例为60~95%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑脂组合物以及轴承,特别是涉及适合用于汽车电气装置·辅助机器用滚动轴承的润滑脂组合物,以及装入了该润滑脂组合物的汽车电气装置·辅助机器用滚动轴承。
背景技术
润滑汽车电气装置·辅助机器用滚动轴承等的高温·高速化显著的部位的润滑脂,要求有长润滑寿命。为了对润滑脂赋予长润滑寿命,耐热性是必然要求的,并且还要求润滑脂顺利流入润滑部位的性质。在所用的轴承为外圈转动轴承时,特别强烈地要求该润滑脂的流入性。其原因是由于离心力作用等,而导致润滑脂难以流入润滑部位。另一方面,如果流入性过好,则润滑脂软化,并且从轴承中渗漏出来,因而寿命短。因此,要求一种能够取得耐热性和流入性平衡的润滑脂。
作为外圈转动的汽车电气装置·辅助机器用滚动轴承,包括汽车空调用电磁离合器、中间滑轮、空转轮滑轮、张力滑轮等中所用的轴承,同样,内圈转动轴承包括交流发电机等中所用的轴承。
另外,在外圈转动时作为长寿命的润滑脂,由于如上述那样取得了平衡,因此不仅可用于外圈转动,而且还可以用于内圈转动的轴承。
作为汽车电气装置·辅助机器用滚动轴承中所用的润滑脂,一直使用主要以合成烃油或苯醚系合成油为基油的二脲润滑脂。在二脲润滑脂中,由于高温耐久性优异这样的原因,而多使用芳香族二脲润滑脂。然而,当这种润滑脂用于外圈转动轴承时,润滑脂对于润滑部位的流入性不足,因而轴承寿命绝对无法满足。
另一方面,作为使用增稠剂而提高流入性的例子,在专利文献1中,记载了在包含超过50质量%的量的酯系合成油的基油中,使用下述通式所表示的二脲化合物作为增稠剂的润滑脂组合物,
R1-NHCONH-R2-NHCONH-R3
式中,R1表示碳数为6~15的2价芳香族烃基,R1和R3为相同或不同的基团,它们表示环己基、碳数为7~12的环己基衍生基团、或碳数为8~20的烷基,并且环己基及其衍生基团的摩尔数相对于环己基、碳数为7~12的环己基衍生基团和碳数为8~20的烷基的总摩尔数的比例为50~100%。
然而,该润滑脂组合物中,基油和增稠剂的相容性不足,流入性欠缺,因而轴承寿命无法满足。
专利文献1:日本专利第2979274号
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种润滑脂组合物以及轴承。
本发明的其它目的在于提供一种改善了润滑脂对于润滑部位的流入性,并且即使高温环境下轴承寿命也长的轴承用润滑脂。
用于解决问题的手段
本发明提供以下的润滑脂组合物以及轴承。
1.一种润滑脂组合物,其特征在于,含有基油和增稠剂,其中基油包含酯系合成油,酯系合成油的含量为基油全体的20质量%以上,并且增稠剂包含下述通式(I)所表示的二脲化合物,
(I)R1-NHCONH-R2-NHCONH-R3
式中,R2表示碳数为6~15的2价芳香族烃基,R1和R3为相同或不同的基团,它们表示环己基、或碳数为8~22的直链或支化烷基,并且环己基的摩尔数相对于环己基和碳数为8~22的直链或支化烷基的总摩尔数的比例为60~95%。
2.如上述1所述的润滑脂组合物,其中酯系合成油是在分子内具有3元以上酯基的酯系合成油。
3.如上述1或2所述的润滑脂组合物,其中酯系合成油是选自三羟甲基丙烷酯油、偏苯三酸酯油、均苯四酸酯油、季戊四醇酯油、二季戊四醇酯油、以及复合酯油中的至少一种。
4.如上述1~3中任一项所述的润滑脂组合物,其用于轴承。
5.如上述4所述的润滑脂组合物,其中轴承是汽车电气装置·辅助机器用滚动轴承。
6.如上述5所述的润滑脂组合物,其中汽车电气装置·辅助机器用滚动轴承是外圈转动轴承。
7.封入了上述1~6任一项所述的润滑脂组合物的轴承。
发明效果
本发明的润滑脂组合物,改善了润滑脂对于润滑部位的流入性,并且即使高温环境下轴承寿命也长。因此,其用于轴承,特别是用于汽车电气装置辅助机器用滚动轴承,尤其用于汽车电气装置·辅助机器用滚动轴承的外圈转动中所用的轴承,发挥了优异的效果。
具体实施方式
如前所述,为了得到长寿命,对于润滑部位的流入性是必要的,但另一方面,如果流入性过高,则润滑脂软化,并且从轴承中渗漏出来,因而寿命短,因此,取得耐热性和流入性的平衡是很重要的。
本发明特征在于,提高了上述二脲化合物的环己基比例,从而确保了耐热性,并同时抑制了流入性,另一方面,通过使用因具有极性而和增稠剂具有亲和性的酯系合成油,而提高了润滑脂的流入性,因此取得了耐热性和流入性的平衡。
作为通常用于润滑脂组合物的增稠剂,可以列举含有Li或Na等的金属皂类、膨润土(ベントン、Bentone)、硅胶、二脲化合物、以聚四氟乙烯为代表的氟系增稠剂等非皂类。然而,金属皂类、膨润土、硅胶,无法满足耐热性,即无法满足高温下的轴承润滑寿命。此外,氟系增稠剂,虽然满足了耐热性,但非常昂贵,因此通用性不足。
因此,本发明的润滑脂组合物,特征在于使用通式(I)所表示的特定的二脲系增稠剂。
在通式(I)中,R1和R3所表示的环己基的摩尔数相对于环己基和碳数为8~22的直链或支化烷基的总摩尔数的比例为60~95%,并进一步优选为70~90%。
当该比例不到60%时,流入性变高,润滑脂软化,并且从轴承中渗漏出来,因而寿命短。此外,当其超过95%时,润滑脂变硬,流入性差,寿命短。
本发明的润滑脂组合物中所使用的基油包含酯系合成油。作为酯系合成油,可以列举以二-2-乙基己基己二酸酯(DOA)、二-2-乙基己基癸二酸酯(DOS)、二异癸基己二酸酯(DIDA)等为代表的二酯油、以偏苯三酸酯油等为代表的芳香族酯油、以三羟甲基丙烷酯油或季戊四醇酯油等为代表的多元醇酯油等。
特别优选的是在分子内具有3元以上的酯基的酯系合成油,例如,三羟甲基丙烷酯油、偏苯三酸酯油、均苯四酸酯油、季戊四醇酯油或二季戊四醇酯油,以及多元醇(例如,季戊四醇)与1元脂肪酸(例如,辛酸)和多元酸(例如,壬二酸)所合成的复合酯油等。
酯系合成油相对于基油全体的比例,优选为20质量%以上,进一步优选为50质量%以上,并最优选为100质量%。为了充分满足耐热性和流入性,优选含有20质量%以上。其原因是由于酯系合成油极性大,和增稠剂的亲和性大,因此有助于润滑脂对于润滑部位的流入性。
本发明的润滑脂组合物中所用的基油,还可以含有除酯系合成油以外的其它基油。作为其它基油,有矿物油、合成油。作为合成油的例子,可以列举二酯油、以聚α-烯烃为代表的合成烃油、以烷基二苯醚为代表的醚系合成油、以聚丙二醇为代表的聚二醇系合成油、聚硅氧烷系合成油、氟系合成油。
在本发明的润滑脂组合物中,可以根据需要使用在通常的润滑脂组合物中所用的任意添加剂。例如,可以列举以胺系、酚系为代表的抗氧化剂,亚硝酸钠等无机钝化剂,以磺酸盐系、琥珀酸系、胺系、羧酸盐为代表的防锈剂,以苯并三唑为代表的金属防腐蚀剂,以脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯、磷酸酯为代表的油性剂,以磷系、硫系、有机金属系为代表的耐磨剂或极压剂、以氧化金属盐、二硫化钼为代表的固体润滑剂等。
实施例
试验润滑脂的制备
在基油中,使规定量的胺(环己胺、硬脂胺、对甲苯胺)与芳香族二异氰酸酯(二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯)反应,并用基油稀释至混合稠度为280,制成基础润滑脂。在该润滑脂中加入添加剂,制备实施例1~4和比较例1~4的润滑脂组合物。
环己基(CH)的含有率(%)=[{(环己基的摩尔数)/(环己基的摩尔数+烷基的摩尔数)}×100]
增稠剂A1~A5:脂环式·脂肪族二脲(使用环己胺和/或硬脂胺)
增稠剂B:芳香族二脲(使用对甲苯胺)
增稠剂C:Li皂(12-羟基硬脂酸锂)
基油
酯油A:三羟甲基丙烷酯油(40℃的运动粘度:24.5mm2/s)
酯油B:季戊四醇酯油(40℃的运动粘度:30.8mm2/s)
酯油C:二季戊四醇烷酯油(40℃的运动粘度:209mm2/s)
酯油D:复合酯油(40℃的运动粘度:102mm2/s)
矿物油:40℃的运动粘度:102mm2/s
合成烃油:40℃的运动粘度:63.3mm2/s
苯醚油:二烷基二苯基醚油(40℃的运动粘度:100mm2/s)
添加剂A:胺系抗氧化剂(烷基二苯胺)
添加剂B:磺酸盐系防锈剂(二壬基萘磺酸锌)
润滑脂组合物的试验方法
混合稠度(JIS K2220):稠度统一为280。
外圈转动试验
评价高温下轴承寿命的外圈转动试验。在下述条件下运转,判断发动机的过电流、振动异常,或者比规定温度上升+15℃时的寿命。
轴承形式:6203橡胶封口
试验温度:160℃
转动数:16000rpm
试验荷重:径向荷重800N
轴承润滑寿命试验(根据ASTM D3336)
评价高温下轴承寿命的内圈转动试验。在下述条件下运转,判断发动机的过电流或者比规定温度上升+15℃时的寿命。
轴承形式:6204金属封口
试验温度:180℃
转动数:10000rpm
试验荷重:轴向荷重66.7N
径向荷重66.7N
综合评价
外圈转动试验合格:500小时以上 不合格:不到500小时
轴承润滑试验合格:500小时以上 不合格:不到500小时
在两项试验中合格的情况:○,其它:×
结果示于表1。
[表1]
成分 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 比较例1 | 比较例2 | 比较例3 | 比较例4 |
增稠剂A1 | 14.0 | |||||||
增稠剂A2 | 14.0 | |||||||
增稠剂A3 | 14.0 | |||||||
增稠剂A4 | 14.0 | 14.0 | ||||||
增稠剂A5 | 14.0 | |||||||
增稠剂B | 23.0 | |||||||
增稠剂C | 9.0 | |||||||
酯油A | 20.5 | |||||||
酯油B | 45.1 | 45.1 | 87.0 | |||||
酯油C | 73.8 | 36.9 | 36.9 | |||||
酯油D | 49.2 | 8.2 | 73.0 | |||||
矿物油 | 8.2 | |||||||
合成烃油 | 61.5 | |||||||
苯醚油 | 32.8 | 73.8 | ||||||
添加剂A | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
添加剂B | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
混合稠度 | 280 | 280 | 280 | 280 | 280 | 280 | 280 | 280 |
增稠剂中的CH率 | 70 | 75 | 87 | 90 | 50 | 90 | 0 | 0 |
基油中的酯油率 | 90 | 25 | 100 | 60 | 100 | 10 | 100 | 100 |
外圈转动试验(H) | 520 | 550 | 1020 | 770 | 300 | 390 | 240 | 20 |
轴承润滑寿命试验(H) | 600 | 610 | 1000 | 810 | 330 | 370 | 515 | 28 |
综合评价 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | × | × | × | × |
环己基(CH)量为60~95%的通式(I)的增稠剂,并且基油中的酯系合成油的含量为基油全体的20质量%以上的实施例1~4的润滑脂组合物,其外圈转动试验和轴承润滑寿命试验的结果都为500小时以上,可知耐热性和流入性优异。
相反,使用环己基(CH)量为50%的通式(I)的增稠剂的比较例1,基油中的酯系合成油的含量为基油全体的10质量%的比较例2,使用不含有环己基(CH)的通式(I)的增稠剂的比较例3和4的润滑脂组合物,外圈转动试验、轴承润滑寿命试验或两者不到500小时,可知未达到本发明的目的。
Claims (7)
1.一种润滑脂组合物,其特征在于,含有基油和增稠剂,其中基油包含酯系合成油,酯系合成油的含量为基油全体的20质量%以上,并且增稠剂包含下述通式(I)所表示的二脲化合物,
(I)R1-NHCONH-R2-NHCONH-R3
式中,R2表示碳数为6~15的2价芳香族烃基,R1和R3为相同或不同的基团,它们表示环己基、或碳数为8~22的直链或支化烷基,并且环己基的摩尔数相对于环己基和碳数为8~22的直链或支化烷基的总摩尔数的比例为60~95%。
2.如权利要求1所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,酯系合成油是在分子内具有3元以上酯基的酯系合成油。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,酯系合成油是选自三羟甲基丙烷酯油、偏苯三酸酯油、均苯四酸酯油、季戊四醇酯油、二季戊四醇酯油、以及复合酯油中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求1~3任一项所述的润滑脂组合物,其用于轴承。
5.如权利要求4所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,轴承是汽车电气装置·辅助机器用滚动轴承。
6.如权利要求5所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,汽车电气装置·辅助机器用滚动轴承是外圈转动轴承。
7.装入了权利要求1~6任一项所述的润滑脂组合物的轴承。
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