CN101624701B - 磁性材料的干法刻蚀方法 - Google Patents
磁性材料的干法刻蚀方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提出一种在使用由非有机材料构成的掩膜材料刻蚀磁性材料的情况下,不需要后腐蚀处理和对刻蚀装置的抗腐蚀性对策,减少使磁特性劣化的刻蚀损伤的方法。一种干法刻蚀方法,作为刻蚀气体,使用至少具有一个以上羟基的醇,形成该刻蚀气体的等离子体,使用由非有机系材料构成的掩膜材料干法刻蚀磁性材料。在使用具有一个羟基的醇作为刻蚀气体的情况下,该刻蚀气体是从由甲醇(CH3OH)、乙醇(C2H5OH)、丙醇(C3H7OH)构成的组中选择的醇。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及干法刻蚀方法。进一步详细地说,涉及在FeNi、CoFe、FeMn、CoPt等的磁性薄膜的微细加工中有用的干法刻蚀方法。
背景技术
作为具有DRAM程度的集成密度和SRAM程度的高速性,并且可无限制地重写的存储器,集成化磁存储器MRAM(magnetic random access memory)受到人们的关注。再有,构成所谓的GMR(巨型磁阻)和TMR(隧道效应磁阻)的磁阻元件的薄膜磁头和磁传感器等的开发正在飞速发展。
迄今为止,在磁性材料的刻蚀加工中经常使用离子研磨。但是,由于离子研磨是物理溅射刻蚀,因此,难以获得对于成为掩膜的各种材料的选择性,产生出了加工形状上被刻蚀材料的下部变为锥形等的问题。因此,现状为不能面向特别是谋求微细加工技术的大容量的MRAM的制造,难以在300mm的大面积基板上均匀地加工,成品率未提高。
取代这样的离子研磨,开始引入了在半导体工业中培养起来的技术。
其中,期待着能够在300mm的大面积基板上确保均匀的微细加工性优良的RIE(Reactive Ion Etching、反应离子刻蚀)技术。
但是,在半导体工业中广泛使用的RIE技术中,关于FeNi、CoFe、CoPt等磁性材料,一般缺乏反应性,难以实现无刻蚀残渣和侧壁沉积的加工。
现有技术中,在这样的磁性材料的刻蚀加工中使用RIE技术的情况下,作为刻蚀气体,使用了氯系气体(Cl2等)。但是,若使用氯系气体,就都有后腐蚀的问题,需要去除附着在刻蚀后的基板表面层上的残留氯成分的处理。此外,RIE装置自身中也需要对腐蚀性气体即氯系气体的抗腐蚀对策。
在对于这样的磁性材料的RIE技术的现状中,也进行着用于建立没有后腐蚀处理的新反应系统的努力。
在特开平8-253881中,作为对磁性材料的刻蚀气体,提出了在氨(NH3)或者胺类气体等的含氮化合物中添加了一氧化碳(CO)气体的气体系(以下称作NH3+CO系气体)。
但是,在NH3+CO系气体中也有如下需要解决的课题。
1.NH3和CO是有毒气体,需要在RIE装置中具备排气处理的设备。
2.在决定MRAM和磁阻元件的基本性能的TMR的结构中,构成夹Al2O3等的绝缘层的钉扎(ピン)层和自由层的CoFe等的强磁层是仅1~5nm的强磁性薄膜。在刻蚀气体中使用了NH3+CO系气体的情况下,恐怕对这些极薄的强磁层给予刻蚀损伤后使其磁特性劣化,对MRAM和磁阻元件的装置特性也产生影响。特别是伴随着MRAM和磁阻元件等的微细化,RIE处理时的被刻蚀材料(FeNi、CoFe等)的侧面(侧壁)对于装置整体的比例增大,就不能忽视来自侧壁的刻蚀损伤所引起的磁特性的劣化。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种干法刻蚀方法,在将非有机材料作为掩膜材料刻蚀磁性材料的情况下,不需要后腐蚀处理和对刻蚀装置的抗腐蚀性对策,减少了使磁特性劣化的刻蚀损伤。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提出的干法刻蚀方法的特征在于,作为刻蚀气体,使用至少具有一个以上羟基的乙醇,形成该刻蚀气体的等离子体,使用由非有机系材料构成的掩膜材料干法刻蚀磁性材料。
在上述中,羟基的数量可以是一个。
使用于上述刻蚀气体的至少具有一个以上羟基的乙醇,在羟基的数量是一个的情况下,可以设为是从例如由甲醇(CH3OH)、乙醇(C2H5OH)、丙醇(C3H7OH)构成的组中选择的醇。
此外,由非有机系材料构成的掩膜材料可以设为是由Ta、Ti、Al、Si中的某一个的单层膜或层叠膜构成的掩膜材料,或者是由Ta、Ti、Al、Si中的某一个的氧化物或氮化物的单层膜或层叠膜构成的掩膜材料。
例如,可以使用是单体元素的Ta、Ti、Al、Si中的某一个的单层膜或层叠膜作为掩膜材料。此外,可以使用Ta、Ti、Al、Si中的某一个的氧化物或氮化物即Ta氧化物、Ti氧化物、AL2O3等的Al氧化物、SiO2等的Si氧化物、TaN、TiN、AlN、SiN等的单层膜或层叠膜作为掩膜材料。
再有,在本发明的干法刻蚀方法中进行刻蚀的磁性材料,可以设为是8族的铁族元素的单体金属或将该单体金属作为主要构成元素的磁性材料。例如,在Fe-Ni系合金、Co-Fe系合金、Fe-Mn系合金、Co-Pt系合金、Ni-Fe-Cr系合金、Co-Cr系合金、Co-Pt系合金、Co-Cr-Pt系合金、Co-Pd系合金、Co-Fe-B系合金的单层膜或层叠膜的刻蚀中,可以使用本发明的干法刻蚀方法。
在上述的本发明的干法刻蚀方法中,期望将进行刻蚀的磁性材料的温度保持在250℃以下的范围中进行。为了对极薄的磁性薄膜不给予不必要的热损伤,优选的温度范围是20~100℃。
此外,在上述的本发明的干法刻蚀方法中,期望在真空度0.1~10Pa的范围中进行刻蚀。若是该压力范围,就能够利用高密度等离子体的形成,使加工的各向异性良好。
另外,在上述的本发明的干法刻蚀方法中,作为添加气体,可以在刻蚀气体中添加氧气、水、惰性气体。这些都可以单独添加,也可以从这些组中任意地组合添加。期望氧气和水对于刻蚀气体,分别按照不超过25%的范围进行添加,惰性气体对于刻蚀气体,按照不超过90%的范围进行添加。作为惰性气体,可以使用Ar、Ne、Xe、Kr等。
若按上述范围对刻蚀气体添加这些添加气体,就由于对掩膜的选择性增加而有利。但是,若超过上述添加比例,则刻蚀速率就减少,或者对掩膜的选择比就降低,故不好。
根据发明者的实验,是使用RIE技术刻蚀磁性材料的方法,与作为不要后腐蚀处理而提出的采用NH3+CO系气体的现有技术相比,利用本发明的干法刻蚀方法,能够改善刻蚀速度和选择比。特别是关于CoFe的刻蚀,能够实现增加50%以上刻蚀速度。
本发明的干法刻蚀方法能够这样地发挥优良的效果,推断是因为在使用作为刻蚀气体使用至少具有一个以上羟基的醇的等离子体中生成的H自由基和H+、OH-离子,例如CH3OH作为刻蚀气体的情况下,在等离子体中生成的活性的CH3和H自由基或者CH3 +、H+、OH-离子与Fe-Ni、Co-Fe、Fe-Mn、Co-Pt、Ni-Fe-Cr、Co-Cr、Co-Pt、Co-Cr-Pt、Co-Pd、Co-Fe-B等磁性材料反应后进行刻蚀。
此外,根据发明者的实验,是使用RIE技术刻蚀磁性材料的方法,与作为不要后腐蚀处理而提出的采用NH3+CO系气体的现有技术相比,在本发明的干法刻蚀方法中,能够使磁特性劣化的刻蚀损伤减半。
本发明的干法刻蚀方法由于不使用有腐蚀性的NH3等作为刻蚀气体,因此,刻蚀后不需要后腐蚀处理,不用特殊考虑对刻蚀装置的耐腐蚀性。此外,由于不使用CO和NH3这样的有毒性的刻蚀气体,故不需要排气处理的设备。
根据本发明的干法刻蚀方法,在使用由非有机材料构成的掩膜材料刻蚀磁性材料的情况下,在不需要后腐蚀处理的同时,还不需要特殊考虑对刻蚀装置的耐腐蚀性,更不需要设置排气处理的设备。
此外,根据本发明的干法刻蚀方法,在使用由非有机材料构成的掩膜材料刻蚀磁性材料的情况下,能够减少磁特性劣化的刻蚀损伤。
因此,根据本发明,能够提供一种在由Fe-Ni系合金、Co-Fe系合金、Fe-Mn系合金、Co-Pt系合金、Ni-Fe-Cr系合金、Co-Cr系合金、Co-Pt系合金、Co-Cr-Pt系合金、Co-Pd系合金、Co-Fe-B系合金的单层膜或层叠膜构成的磁性薄膜的微细加工中有用的干法刻蚀方法。
附图的简单说明
图1是可使用在本发明的方法中的刻蚀装置的概略结构图。
图2是示出使用本发明的方法刻蚀处理TMR元件的情况下的工艺的一例的图,(a)是工艺开始前的剖面概略图,(b)是将PR作为掩膜刻蚀了Ta膜的状态的剖面概略图,(c)是用Ta掩膜刻蚀了磁性膜的状态的剖面概略图,(d)是刻蚀到自由层后在Al2O3层上停止了刻蚀的状态的剖面概略图。
图3是用本发明的工艺刻蚀了MRAM时的形状的SEM照片。
符号的说明
1等离子体源
2真空容器
3气体导入系统
4基板夹具
5偏压用高频电源
9晶片
11介质壁容器
12天线
13等离子体用高频电源
14电磁铁
15传输路径
21排气系统
22侧壁用磁铁
31高压储气瓶
32配管
33阀
34流量调整器
41温度控制机构
具体实施方式
关于使用如图1所示的ICP(Inductive Coupled Plasma)等离子体源搭载的刻蚀装置,使用甲醇(CH3OH)作为刻蚀气体,对将Ta作为掩膜材料的图2中示出的TMR元件进行刻蚀的情况进行说明。
图2是示出TMR元件的基本结构的一例的图。
带有TMR元件特征的结构由强磁层(膜厚,自由层是5nm,钉扎层是5nm)和反强磁层的PtMn(膜厚15nm)构成,所述强磁层由夹膜厚1nm的绝缘层Al2O3膜,被称作自由层(Al2O3的上层)和钉扎层(Al2O3的下层)的两个CoFe构成,所述反强磁层在钉扎层的下层。再有,在此,省略TMR元件的基本原理和工作的说明。
首先,对于图2(a)示出的结构的TMR元件,使用CF4气体,将PR作为掩膜,刻蚀Ta膜,将如图2(b)所示形成的Ta膜作为用于刻蚀包含绝缘层Al2O3的磁层(PtMn、CoFe)的掩膜,如下进行该工艺。
利用排气系统21,将图1中示出的真空容器2内排气,打开未图示的闸阀,将成为图2(a)中示出的结构的TMR元件的层叠了TMR膜的晶片9搬入到真空容器2内,保持在基板夹具4上,利用温度控制机构41维持在规定温度。接着,使气体导入系统3工作,从图1中未图示的贮存着CF4气体的高压储气瓶,通过未图示的配管、阀、流量调整器,向真空容器2内导入规定流量的刻蚀气体(CF4)。导入的刻蚀气体经由真空容器2内,向介质壁容器11内扩散。在此,使等离子体源1工作。等离子体源1由下述装置等构成:介质壁容器11,内部空间连通,对真空容器2气密地连接;一圈天线12,在介质壁容器11内产生感应磁场;等离子体用高频电源13,通过未图示的匹配器,利用传输路径15与天线12连接,产生向天线12供给的高频电力(能源电力);电磁铁14,在介质壁容器11内产生规定磁场。在利用传输路径15向天线12供给了使等离子体用高频电源13发生的高频时,向一圈天线12流电流,其结果,在介质壁容器11的内部形成等离子体。再有,在真空容器2的侧壁的外侧,在周方向上并列配置多个侧壁用磁铁22,使得面临真空容器2的侧壁的面的磁极在相邻的磁铁彼此之间相互不同,这样,沿着真空容器2的侧壁的内面与周方向相连形成会切磁场,防止等离子体向真空容器2的侧壁的内面扩散。与此同时,使偏压用高频电源5工作,对刻蚀处理对象物的晶片9给予负的直流部分的电压的自偏压电压,控制着从等离子体向晶片9表面的离子入射能量。如前所述形成的等离子体,从介质壁容器11向真空容器2内扩散,到达晶片9的表面附近。这时,刻蚀晶片9的表面。
再有,以上的使用了CF4的利用PR掩膜的Ta膜的刻蚀工艺如下。
刻蚀气体(CF4)的流量:326mg/min(50sccm)
能源电力:500W
偏压电力:70W
真空容器2内的压力:0.8Pa
基板夹具4的温度:40℃
接着,使用甲醇(CH3OH)作为刻蚀气体,将由上述工艺形成的Ta作为掩膜材料,刻蚀了图2(b)中示出的磁性膜。
该工艺也使用图1中示出的ICP等离子体源搭载的刻蚀装置进行,但在上述的工艺中,将使未图示的气体导入系统工作,将CF4气体作为刻蚀气体,向真空容器2内导入的工艺,变更为使气体导入系统3工作,从图1中示出的贮存着甲醇(CH3OH)气体的高压储气瓶31,通过配管32、阀33、流量调整器34,向真空容器2内导入规定流量的刻蚀气体(CH3OH)的工艺,其他与上述工艺同样地进行刻蚀,得到了图2(c)中示出的TMR元件。
图3是用上述的本发明的工艺刻蚀了MRAM时的形状的SEM(ScanningElectron Microscope,扫描电子显微镜)照片。可知没有残渣而干净地进行了刻蚀。
(比较试验例1)
关于利用上述的本发明的方法,使用甲醇(CH3OH)作为刻蚀气体,将利用与上述同样的工艺形成的Ta作为掩膜材料刻蚀了磁性膜的情况,和将利用与上述同样的工艺形成的Ta作为掩膜材料,使用NH3+CO系气体作为刻蚀气体刻蚀了磁性膜的情况,进行了关于刻蚀特性(刻蚀速度、选择比)的比较。将Ta作为掩膜材料进行了刻蚀的磁性膜是CoFe膜和NiFe膜。
各自的工艺条件如下。
本发明的方法
刻蚀气体(CH3OH气体)的流量:18.75mg/min(15scm)
能源电力:1000W
偏压电力:800W
真空容器2内的压力:0.4Pa
基板夹具4的温度:40℃
比较例
刻蚀气体(NH3+CO系气体)的流量:
NH3气体57.0mg/min(75sccm)
CO气体31.25mg/min(25scm)
能源电力:1000W
偏压电力:1200W
真空容器2内的压力:0.8Pa
基板夹具4的温度:40℃
该比较试验的结果如下表所示。
【表1】
评价项目 | 甲醇(CH3OH) | NH3+CO系气体 |
刻蚀速度(nm/min)CoFeNiFe | 34.832.1 | 21.129.3 |
选择比(对Al2O3)CoFeNiFe | 5.55.1 | 3.54.8 |
该比较试验的结果表明,根据本发明的干法刻蚀方法,刻蚀速度和选择比都比使用NH3+CO系气体作为刻蚀气体的现有的干法刻蚀方法的情况有所提高,特别是关于对CoFe的刻蚀,能够使刻蚀速度增加50%以上。
此外,如上述表表明,根据本发明的方法,能够对Al2O3较高地取选择比。MRAM的制造工序之一,有如图2(d)所示,刻蚀到自由层,在Al2O3层上停止刻蚀的工序。根据本发明的方法,如上述表中所示,由于对Al2O3较高地取选择比,因此,包含刻蚀到自由层,在Al2O3层上停止刻蚀的工序的MRAM的生产上十分有利。
(比较试验例2)
关于利用本发明的干法刻蚀方法进行了刻蚀处理的情况的刻蚀损伤和用NH3+CO系气体进行了刻蚀处理的情况的磁特性中的刻蚀损伤进行比较讨论。
使用图1的装置,在上述的本发明的工艺条件下,任意时间刻蚀处理磁性薄膜(CoFe和NiFe),测定刻蚀处理后的刻蚀前和刻蚀后(其中,与刻蚀前相同,换算成磁性薄膜的厚度)的饱和磁化的减少量,求出了将用CH3OH气体刻蚀后的磁性薄膜(CoFe和NiFe)的减少率分别设为1时的比率。
因此,关于准备同一(膜厚相同故饱和磁化也相同)磁性薄膜(CoFe和NiFe),在任意时间进行了用本发明涉及的甲醇系的刻蚀气体进行了本发明的刻蚀处理的情况,和用NH3+CO系气体的刻蚀气体进行了刻蚀处理的情况,分别用振动试样型磁力计(VSM)测定了刻蚀后的饱和磁化。
在被刻蚀材料(磁性薄膜:CoFe和NiFe)残存的期间进行3次以上的上述操作,制成了刻蚀时间与刻蚀后的磁化饱和的图表。
一般地,由于刻蚀时间与刻蚀量(该情况是膜厚)成比例,因此刻蚀时间与饱和磁化的图表上的测定点在直线上,单调减少。
将该直线外移到刻蚀时间=0上,求与刻蚀前的饱和磁化相对的根据刻蚀而减少的饱和磁化。
将该结果与刻蚀前的实际的饱和磁化相比较,作为对于磁性薄膜(CoFe和NiFe)的使磁特性劣化的刻蚀损伤,在利用本发明的方法,使用甲醇(CH3OH)作为刻蚀气体进行了刻蚀的试样,和使用了NH3+CO系气体作为刻蚀气体的情况中进行比较。
关于用本发明的方法进行了刻蚀的试料,对各CoFe和NiFe,使用图1的装置,用上述的本发明的工艺,取代TMR元件,关于CoFe薄膜和NiFe薄膜,分别在被刻蚀材料(CoFe薄膜、NiFe薄膜)残存的期间进行3次以上的上述本发明的刻蚀处理,制成了刻蚀时间与刻蚀后的饱和磁化的图表。
关于使用了NH3+CO系气体的情况,在图1的装置中,将贮存了甲醇(CH3OH)气体的高压储气瓶31,变更为未图示的贮存着CO气体的高压储气瓶和未图示的贮存着NH3气体的高压储气瓶,作为刻蚀气体,取代甲醇(CH3OH),使用CO气体和NH3气体的混合气体,刻蚀了与上述的被刻蚀材料(CoFe薄膜和NiFe薄膜)同一膜厚的被刻蚀材料(CoFe薄膜、NiFe薄膜)。
即,在上述中,将从贮存着甲醇(CH3OH)气体的高压储气瓶31,通过配管32、阀33、流量调整器34,向真空容器2内导入规定流量的刻蚀气体(CH3OH),变更为从未图示的贮存着CO气体的高压储气瓶和未图示的贮存着NH3气体的高压储气瓶,通过配管32、阀33、流量调整器34,向真空容器2内导入规定混合比和流量的刻蚀气体(CO气体和NH3气体的混合气体),其他与上述本发明的工艺同样地进行了刻蚀。
该比较试验例2中的工艺条件分别如下。
本发明的方法
刻蚀气体(CH3OH气体)的流量:18.75mg/min(15sccm)
能源电力:1000W
偏压电力:200W
真空容器2内的压力:0.4Pa
基板夹具4的温度:40℃
比较例
刻蚀气体(NH3+CO系气体)的流量:
NH3气体57.0mg/min(75sccm)
CO气体31.25mg/min(25sccm)
能源电力:1500W
偏压电力:300W
真空容器2内的压力:0.6Pa
基板夹具4的温度:40℃
比较了根据被刻蚀材料(NiFe、CoFe)的刻蚀后中的饱和磁化的变化求得的刻蚀损伤的结果,尽管使用了NH3+CO系气体的方法比使用了CH3OH气体的情况刻蚀速度低,但是NiFe、CoFe各自的情况下,饱和磁化的减少量大到了约1.6倍、约5.4倍。即,能够证实,根据本发明的方法,能够大幅度地减少使磁特性劣化的刻蚀损伤。
以上说明了本发明的最佳实施方式和比较试验例,但本发明不限定于上述的实施方式,可以在从权利要求范围的记载中把握的技术范围中进行各种各样的变更。
例如,作为刻蚀装置,不限于图1中示出的具有一圈天线的ICP等离子体装置,可以利用所有的被称作高密度等离子体源的螺旋形极化天线型等离子体装置、双频激励平行平板型等离子体装置、微波型等离子体装置等。
此外,可以是将非有机材料作为掩膜刻蚀磁性材料的情况,也可以是该磁性材料为TMR元件的情况,TMR元件的结构不限定于图2中示出的结构。
另外,在上述发明的实施方式中,作为刻蚀气体,仅关于甲醇进行了叙述,但可以使用其他的酮类中用化学式RCOR’(R或R’是烷基)表示的物质,例如甲乙酮、异丙基甲基酮、甲基丙基酮等能够气化的物质。此外,除了甲烷以外,所谓乙烷、丙烷、丁烷的具有甲基的烃都能够使用。
Claims (2)
1.一种干刻蚀方法,形成从由甲醇(CH3OH)、乙醇(C2H5OH)、丙醇(C3H7OH)构成的组中选择的醇的气体的等离子体;
利用该等离子体化了的醇气体将通过由Ta、Ti、Al、Si中的任一个的单层膜或层叠膜构成的掩膜材料,或者由Ta、Ti、Al、Si中的任一个的氧化物或氮化物的单层膜或层叠膜构成的掩膜材料而掩膜了的磁性材料膜进行干刻蚀,
该磁性材料膜为Fe-Ni系合金、Co-Fe系合金、Fe-Mn系合金、Co-Pt系合金、Ni-Fe-Cr系合金、Co-Cr系合金、Co-Pt系合金、Co-Cr-Pt系合金、Co-Pd系合金、Co-Fe-B系合金的单层膜或层叠膜。
2.如权利要求1所述的干刻蚀方法,其特征在于,作为添加到刻蚀气体中的添加气体,添加氧气、水、惰性气体中的至少一种以上,该氧气或该水相对于该蚀刻气体的添加比例为25%以下,该惰性气体相对于该蚀刻气体的添加比例为90%以下。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2184380A1 (en) | 2010-05-12 |
CN101624701A (zh) | 2010-01-13 |
US7060194B2 (en) | 2006-06-13 |
CN1603468A (zh) | 2005-04-06 |
EP2184381A1 (en) | 2010-05-12 |
EP1500720A1 (en) | 2005-01-26 |
US20050016957A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
KR101041049B1 (ko) | 2011-06-13 |
USRE40951E1 (en) | 2009-11-10 |
TW200508418A (en) | 2005-03-01 |
JP4111274B2 (ja) | 2008-07-02 |
KR20050012144A (ko) | 2005-01-31 |
JP2005042143A (ja) | 2005-02-17 |
TWI351445B (zh) | 2011-11-01 |
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