CN101617601B - Method for global cultivation management of salinized cotton field - Google Patents
Method for global cultivation management of salinized cotton field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for the global cultivation management of a salinized cotton field. The method comprises high-density cultivation, namely high-density planting (the theoretical plant number is 16,000 plants/mu-24,000 plants/mu; a five-early management technology, namely early maturing variety adoption (115 days-125 days of breeding period), early sowing in proper time, early multi-intertillage, early seedling sowing and fixation and early thrip prevention; a three promoting technology, namely prophase seedling early and stable growth promotion, metaphase bud promotion and boll preservation and anaphase early maturing and boll blooming promotion; a three-prevention technology, namely damping-off prevention in a seedling phase, aphid prevention in a bud phase and cotton bollworm prevention in a boll phase; a chemical control technology, namely, the chemical control is carried out for many times according to different cotton varieties, seedling conditions and agricultural measures; and a fertilizer applying technology, namely, organic-inorganic combination is used for improving the soil fertility and lightening the salinity damage; practices prove that the method canimprove the cotton yield of the salinized low-yield cotton yield and overcomes the problems of slow cotton prophase growth, easy seedling phase disease generation, relatively short and small growing cotton plant, anaphase green late-maturing even abnormal cracking and boll blooming of cotton boll, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for global cultivation management of salinized cotton field, relate in particular to salination low yield cotton field cotton and create the omnidistance cultivation management method of high yield.
Background technology
Salination low yield farmland bury of groundwater is more shallow, and except that soil salt influenced plant growth, the cold wetland temperature of soil rose slower, and influence is begun sowing in good time, middle high yield cotton field late sowing kind 15-25 days.Much more general after April 25, could sow weak point in (middle high yield cotton field April 5 began to sow) vegetative period; The cotton early growth is slow, and sprout term disease easily takes place, and it is short and small relatively that cotton plant is grown, and the later stage is often remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing even cotton boll can not the normal crack blow-of-cottons, and output is lower.
By mentioning in the retrieval pertinent literature: " a kind of moderate alkaline land cotton cultivation " is the short season cotton kind that adopts about 115 days breeding times, sowing after mid-May, ground temperature went up; The zanjon sowing is opened in employing, and plastic mulching is emerged the pusher delayed release seedling time; About density 6000 strain/mus, do not prune; It is to save seedling from damage that cotton key technology measure is planted in the saline land, and send out short morning; Alkaline land cotton high yield supporting technology adopts the problem of emerging that solves of irrigating of dripping; Make moisture in the soil is the administrative skill that raising sowing cotton seed quality, an alkaline land cotton one of broadcasting the key link of full stand are broadcast full stand wholely; The precious desalter in health ground is the saline-alkali soil conditioner based on biochemical, improves strong salination cotton field reclamation result, uses Kang Dibao by spring irrigation.
The present invention is according to the problem that exists in the salination low yield cotton field, propose " highly dense, five early, three anti-, three shortly pinch late, control more, the science water and fertilizer management " the omnidistance cultivation management method system of salination cotton field high yield.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, a kind of method for global cultivation management of salinized cotton field is provided, and this method is that high-density planting is high-density planting (1.6-2.4 ten thousand strain/mus is counted in theoretical strain); Five early administrative skill promptly adopt early-maturing variety (115～125 days breeding times) early sowing in good time, the many intertillages of intertillage early, early put the seedling final singlings, early anti-thrips; Three short technology promptly early stage short seedling early send out length steady, mid-term short flower bud protect bell, short precocious blow-of-cottons of later stage; Three anti-technology be seedling stage anti-damping off, flower bud phase anti-aphid, the anti-cotton bollworm of flowering and boll-setting period; Chemical control technique promptly according to cotton variety, according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings and the agronomic measures weight repeatedly chemical control that differs; Fertilizer practice is that the organic and inorganic combination is increase soil fertility, and alleviates salinity and causes harm; By facts have proved: adopt this method can improve salination low yield cotton field cotton output height, it is slow to overcome the cotton early growth, and sprout term disease easily takes place, and it is short and small relatively that cotton plant is grown, the later stage is often remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing even cotton boll can not the normal crack blow-of-cottons etc. problem.
Method for global cultivation management of salinized cotton field of the present invention follows these steps to carry out:
A, high-density planting: the 13500-15000 strain is counted in the results strain, and single-strain bell-forming number 5-6, cotton plant fruit branch number remains on the 7-9 platform, and plant height is controlled at 55-70 centimetre;
B, five is administrative skill early: select early-maturing variety, early sowing in good time, the many intertillages of intertillage early for use, early put the seedling final singling, early anti-thrips;
C, three short technology: early stage short seedling early send out length steady, mid-term short flower bud protect bell, short precocious blow-of-cottons of later stage;
D, three anti-technology: prevent that anti-aphid of damping off, flower bud phase, flowering and boll-setting period prevent cotton bollworm seedling stage;
E, chemical control technique: on a small quantity repeatedly, 6 leaf phases sprayed mepiquat chloride 0.8g/ mu, sprayed mepiquat chloride 1.0g/ mu before irritating first water, and the back of pouring water sprayed mepiquat chloride 5-6g/ mu in 3-4 days;
F, fertilizer practice: plough preceding every mu of organic fertilizer 2000-3000 kilogram or dregs of fat 80-100 kilogram, execute 15 kilograms in nitrogen, phosphorus P for every mu
2O
510 kilograms, potassium K
26 kilograms of O, its ratio is N: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.6: 0.35.
Spray mepiquat chloride 2-3g/ mu in every 10-15 days after step e poured water 3-4 days, spray mepiquat chloride 2-3g/ mu 15-August 20 August, August 20 stopped to spray mepiquat chloride later on;
Step f phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer are made base manure, the 30-40% base manure of nitrogenous fertilizer, and 60-70% topdresses in addition.
Method for global cultivation management of salinized cotton field of the present invention, the characteristics of this method are:
The high-density planting technology: yield per unit of lint reaches 120 kg/mu and promptly reaches high yield, realize this yield target, and the total bell number of mu should reach ten thousand of 6-8, average bell heavily guarantees to restrain at 5-6, lint percentage guarantees that at 35%-38% the 13500-15000 strain is counted in the results strain, single-strain bell-forming number 5-6.According to density, cotton plant fruit branch number should remain on the 7-9 platform.Plant height should be controlled at 55-70 centimetre.Adopt plastic mulching to plant cotton and heat good water-retaining property, improve planting density.Can adopt multiple seeding row spacing configuration mode, as (60+30+40+30) * 9.5 centimetre, the several 17000 strain/mus of theoretical strain; (60+30+50+30) * 12.5 centimetre, stay the several 24000 strain/mus of the theoretical strains of two strains; (60+30+50+30) * 12.5 centimetre, stay single two strains i.e. " 121 ", the several 18700 strain/mus of theoretical strain; (50+25+25+25+25+25) * 12.5 centimetre, individual plant is stayed in every cave, several 18700 strains of theoretical strain/mu 16300 strain/mus etc.Realize several 13500～15000 strains of results strain.
Five administrative skills early, realize that early stage, short seedling early sent out length steady: selecting the precocious disease-resistant strong kind of good quality and high output, is the primary key that realizes high yield.As Qin Yuan 93089,125 days breeding times, prematurity was good, and color and luster is pure white, and the knot bell is strong, disease-resistant, and the plant type compactness is comparatively responsive to mepiquat chloride, is easy to mould, and not early ageing is to have one of high yielding variety of yield potentiality more than 150 kilograms/mu.Middle cotton 35,125 days breeding times, plant type is compact, and it is strong and concentrated that the middle and later periods growing way is tied bell more by force, and disease resistance is good, and color and luster is pure white, and is best in quality, is one of comparatively desirable kind of 120-150 kilogram/mu lint yield.New land early No. 26,127 days breeding times, prematurity was good, the plant cartridge type, the plant type compactness, early growth is very fast, and it is strong that growth potential is tied bell well, and disease resistance is good, and color and luster is pure white, and is best in quality, is one of comparatively desirable kind of 120-150 kilogram/mu lint yield.
The suitable sowing of soil moisture content sowing immediately after April 25.Seed is handled through medicament and the seed dressing of other growth regulators, 4 kilograms of the mu amounts of broadcasting; Intertillage in after planting every 5-7 days once improves the short seedling of ground temperature and early sends out length fast; Early " liberation " cotton seedling prevents that film from scalding dead cotton seedling.A slice true leaf begins final singling, and two true leaf final singlings finish, and is short steady long; Early anti-thrips, thrips is the primary pest of Xinjiang cotton in seedling stage, the growing point of the cotton seedling of causing harm forms the bull cotton, makes the later stage cotton can not tie bell.Show row at cotton seedling and promptly spray cotton seedling with flolimat or nuvacron, the generation of control bull cotton realizes that early stage, short seedling early sent out length steady.
Three anti-technology, realize Bao Leibao bell in mid-term: salination low yield cotton field, mostly be the moisture soil district, the soil humidity, soil temperature is lower, and it is root rot and damping off that sprout term disease easily takes place, and the technology of preventing is that seed is dressed seed with 0.3% fenaminosulf and prevented the root disease in seedling stage before broadcasting, 40% orthene seed dressing with 1% prevents damping off, and the diligent intertillage of intertillage morning in conjunction with five management early also is the tillage control measure that prevents in addition.
The main insect pest of Xinjiang cotton cotton is cotten aphid and cotton bollworm.The control of cotten aphid is based on biological control, and chemical control is auxilliary, according to its pests occurrence rule, adopts spot film to choose and controls, and ten thousand carry out chemical control when not proud, and medication is urinated mixture (washing powder+urea) or desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching mixture (washing powder+salt) spot film sprays for washing.Monitoring is strengthened in control to cotton bollworm, plants bait crop, utilization gyplure, oophagous trichogrammae, viral pesticide and manually grabs worm.Prevent to control cotton bollworm and cause the big generation of autumn aphid, form cotten aphid, cotton bollworm integrated control, realize the purpose of Bao Leibao bell in mid-term.
Three short technology, realize early stage short seedling early send out length steady, mid-term short flower bud protect bell, short precocious blow-of-cottons of later stage: salination is the low place of production of tide down, sowing evening, soil is relatively cooler, and the cotton early growth is slow, a little less than the seedling, many intertillages are short early to be sent out, and the short seedling of foliage spray is strong, and early stage, short seedling early sent out length steady.
Pinch thoroughly, realize the coordination of the fruit branch and the season of growth, control plant height, short flower bud protect bell.According to the soil characteristics in salination low yield cotton field and the climatic characteristic and the planting density of local cotton growing stage, growth rate of cotton plant 7-9 platform fruit branch is good.Pinch Best Times before July 25, postponed 5-10 days than the high yield cotton field, gradation is thoroughly pinched, and extracts invalid bud after August 15.
Short precocious blow-of-cottons.Salination low yield cotton field is because sowing is late, and early growth is relatively slow, and ripe evening in later stage, short precocious blow-of-cottons were the important measures that improve output.Spraying ethene clever is the short important means of precocious blow-of-cottons, and the improper use of ethene clever exerts an influence to output of cotton and quality, how stiff hemp nettle after experimental study once uses 100-150g/ mu easily to cause the cotton boll cracking, and reducing cotton fibre quality influences output and quality; Ethene clever sprays the effect that quantity not sufficient does not have short precocious blow-of-cottons again.An amount of gradation spraying effect is better, sprays ethene clever 50g/ mu for the first time before and after September 15, is to spray 80g/ mu again September 21 after 6 days, makes normally blow-of-cottons of salination cotton field, and can guarantee output and quality.
Chemical control technique repeatedly, mould desirable plant height plant type: mepiquat chloride is the change adjustment that the control plant height is moulded ideotype.Adopt different consumptions according to different kinds, should be on a small quantity repeatedly.Chemical control method as middle cotton 35: this kind is a crossbreed, and growing power is strong, and is slow in reacting to mepiquat chloride.6 leaf phases sprayed mepiquat chloride 0.8g/ mu, sprayed mepiquat chloride 1.0g/ mu before irritating first water, and back 3-4 days (can enter ground) of pouring water sprays mepiquat chloride 5-6g/ mu.After this, spray mepiquat chloride 2-3g/ mu according to upgrowth situation in every 10-15 days, spray mepiquat chloride 2-3g/ mu 15-August 20 August, to reducing invalid bud, increasing the caping peach has more significantly effect, and the controlled plant height August 20 stopped to spray mepiquat chloride later at 55-70 centimetre.
The rich water quality management of science, increasing soil fertility alleviates salinity and cause harm: the salinization soil fertility is lower, and has salinity to coerce, and organic and inorganic alleviates salinity and causes harm in conjunction with increasing soil fertility.Real tillage preceding mu organic fertilizer 2000-3000 kilogram or dregs of fat 80-100 kilogram before broadcasting.On the basis of application of organic fertilizers, every mu is executed 15 kilograms in nitrogen, 10 kilograms in phosphorus, 6 kilograms of its ratios of potassium is N: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.6: 0.35.Wherein phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer are made base manure entirely, and the 30-40% base of nitrogenous fertilizer is executed, and 60-70% topdresses in addition.
Topdress, irritate water for the first time and gently execute (topdressing amount 1/3), flowering and boll-setting period in conjunction with irritating two water heavy dressing (topdressing amount 2/3); Foliar application, 4 leaf phases, foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g/ mu+urea 100g/ mu was once in per 10 days; Full-bloom stage begins to spray, stop after August 10 with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g/ mu+diammonium phosphate 100g/ mu mixed liquor.
Pour water, cotton development stage pours water 4 times (not comprise and broadcast preceding water, water 21-April of March 10 before broadcasting, mu irrigation quantity 110 sides), pour water and suitably put late restraining the growth of seedlings, the promotion root growth of playing for the first time in total amount 240-250 side, the cotton field sees that it is 20-30 day in June that flower is poured water, mu irrigation quantity 60 sides; The phase of pouring water is the full-bloom stage of cotton development for the second time, and reproductive growth is accelerated, and is that the cotton growing stage needs the water peak, also is that output forms the peak period, and irrigation in 15-20 days is 5-15 day mu irrigation quantity 60 sides in July behind first water; Enter flowering and boll-setting period and irrigate water for the third time, after having irritated the 2nd water, irrigated in 15-20 days, be i.e. 20-August 10 July, mu irrigation quantity 60 sides; Pour water for the 4th time and irrigate according to cotton growing way and soil water regime, mu irrigation quantity 60 sides stopped before August 20 irrigating.Irrigation method adopts thread furrow irrigation.
Embodiment
Method for global cultivation management of salinized cotton field of the present invention follows these steps to carry out:
A, high-density planting: the 13500-15000 strain is counted in the results strain, and single-strain bell-forming number 5-6, cotton plant fruit branch number remains on the 7-9 platform, and plant height is controlled at 55-70 centimetre;
B, five is administrative skill early: select early-maturing variety, early sowing in good time, the many intertillages of intertillage early for use, early put the seedling final singling, early anti-thrips;
C, three short technology: early stage short seedling early send out length steady, mid-term short flower bud protect bell, short precocious blow-of-cottons of later stage;
D, three anti-technology: prevent that anti-aphid of damping off, flower bud phase, flowering and boll-setting period prevent cotton bollworm seedling stage;
E, chemical control technique: on a small quantity repeatedly, 6 leaf phases sprayed mepiquat chloride 0.8g/ mu, spray mepiquat chloride 1.0g/ mu before irritating first water, pour water and sprayed mepiquat chloride 5-6g/ mu in back 3-4 days, sprayed mepiquat chloride 2-3g/ mu in every 10-15 days, spray mepiquat chloride 2-3g/ mu 15-August 20 August, August 20 stopped to spray mepiquat chloride later on;
F, fertilizer practice: plough preceding every mu of organic fertilizer 2000-3000 kilogram or dregs of fat 80-100 kilogram, execute 15 kilograms in nitrogen, phosphorus P for every mu
2O
510 kilograms, potassium K
26 kilograms of O, its ratio is N: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.6: 0.35, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer were made base manure, the 30-40% base manure of nitrogenous fertilizer, and 60-70% topdresses in addition.
Embodiment 1:
Make every effort to overcome the Tasha, township makes every effort to overcome 40 mu of cotton fields in village and carries out salination low yield cotton field cotton high-yield culture technique system experiment and demonstration in Tasha, Aksu Prefecture Xinhe County.Its cotton field is new reclamation of wasteland on the meadow solonchak in 1999, and hypsography low-lying, subterranean water level are higher, and soil property is sticking heavy, and more seriously there is the spot shape phenomenon of being short of seedling the part.Annual sowing cotton seed can only carry out later on April 25, belonged to typical salination low yield cotton field about the average per unit area yield 50 public affairs/mus of cotton.Adopt method of the present invention to cultivate the improvement alfa through 6 years and be under control substantially, soil salt content is reduced to 0.5-0.68%, selects middle cotton 35 kinds, about 125 days breeding times, and sowing on April 26.Adopt (60+30+40+30) * 9.5 centimetre seeding row spacing configuration, the several 17000 strain/mus of theoretical strain the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 yield component and output
In may wind and rain, drift along and the situation of low temperature under, per mu yield unginned cotton 387.7kg presses lint percentage 35% conversion per mu yield gined cotton 135.7kg.128.7 kilograms of/mu gined cottons of real receipts.
40 mu of this method test demonstration cultivation cottonizings, yield per unit of lint is brought up to 129 kilograms/mu, volume increase 158.0% by original 50 kilograms/mu; Year volume increase gined cotton 3160kg, by 15.0 yuan/kg of the average procurement price of gined cotton, 47400 yuan of year volume increase values.Increased by 28.44 ten thousand yuan of the output values in 2003-2008 altogether.And cost of cotton plantation does not increase.
Embodiment 2
Carry out salination low yield cotton field cotton high-yield culture technique system experiment and demonstration in 60 mu of salination cotton fields of peacock farm, Bayangolmongol Autonomous Prefecture Weili County 3 teams.Cotton field 0-20cm soil solubility salinity content 0.54%, groundwater level depth 1.25m, physical features is relatively low, soil texture loam matter.63 kilograms/mu of three annual cotton per unit area yields adopt method of the present invention 2005 to select the Shanxi far away by 820,120 days breeding times kind, sowing on April 30.Adopt 145cm wide cut mulch film, line-spacing is 28 * 50 * 28 configurations in the film, meets capable 60cm, and average row is apart from 41.5cm.Spacing in the rows is selected 9.1cm, mu theoretical strain several 17660.The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 yield component and output
Per mu yield unginned cotton 413.7kg presses lint percentage 35% conversion per mu yield gined cotton 144.8kg.135 kilograms of/mu gined cottons of real receipts.
With 60 mu of this method test demonstration cultivation cottonizings, yield per unit of lint is brought up to 135 kilograms/mu, volume increase 114.3% by original 63 kilograms/mu; Year volume increase gined cotton 4320kg, by 15.0 yuan/kg of the average procurement price of gined cotton, the year volume increase is worth 64800 yuan, increases by 19.44 ten thousand yuan of the output values in 2005～2008 altogether.And cost of cotton plantation does not increase.
Embodiment 3
Use in 120 mu of salination low yield cotton fields of the green city of Kelamayi System in Agricultural Developing Zone company.The land development district is that the fossil lake deposits mutually, and the soil texture is sticking heavy fine and close, harden, bad hydraulic permeability, and the soil salinization is serious, and in the soil of the reclamation of wasteland, non-salination soil accounts for 33.2%, the salination soil accounts for 47.4%, the saline land accounts for 19.4%.Adopt method of the present invention to carry out the demonstration of salination low yield cotton field cotton high-yield culture technique system in 2006 on the cotton field of 6 years cottons of continuous cropping, soil salt content is 0.59%, and the soil texture is glutinous heavy.The average per unit area yield of cotton was 67 kilograms/mu in 6 years.Select new land early 26,125 days breeding times kind, sowing on April 20.Adopt 145cm wide cut mulch film, line-spacing is 20 * 40 * 20 configurations in the film, meets capable 60cm, and average row is apart from 35cm, and spacing in the rows is selected 10cm, mu theoretical strain several 19050.The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 3 yield component and output
Per mu yield unginned cotton 366.2kg presses lint percentage 38% conversion per mu yield gined cotton 139.2kg.129 kilograms of/mu gined cottons of real receipts.
With 120 mu of this method test demonstration cultivation cottonizings, yield per unit of lint is brought up to 129 kilograms/mu, volume increase 92.5% by original 67 kilograms/mu; Year volume increase gined cotton 7440kg, by 15.0 yuan/kg of the average procurement price of gined cotton, the year volume increase is worth 111600 yuan, increases by 33.48 ten thousand yuan of the output values in 2006～2008 altogether.And cost of cotton plantation does not increase.
Claims (3)
1. method for global cultivation management of salinized cotton field is characterized in that following these steps to carrying out:
A, high-density planting: the 13500-15000 strain is counted in the results strain, and single-strain bell-forming number 5-6, cotton plant fruit branch number remains on the 7-9 platform, and plant height is controlled at 55-70 centimetre;
B, five is administrative skill early: select early-maturing variety, early sowing in good time, the many intertillages of intertillage early for use, early put the seedling final singling, early anti-thrips;
C, three short technology: early stage short seedling early send out length steady, mid-term short flower bud protect bell, short precocious blow-of-cottons of later stage;
D, three anti-technology: prevent that anti-aphid of damping off, flower bud phase, flowering and boll-setting period prevent cotton bollworm seedling stage;
E, chemical control technique: on a small quantity repeatedly, 6 leaf phases sprayed mepiquat chloride 0.8g/ mu, sprayed mepiquat chloride 1.0g/ mu before irritating first water, and the back of pouring water sprayed mepiquat chloride 5-6g/ mu in 3-4 days;
F, fertilizer practice: plough preceding every mu of organic fertilizer 2000-3000 kilogram or dregs of fat 80-100 kilogram, execute 15 kilograms in nitrogen, phosphorus P for every mu
2O
510 kilograms, potassium K
26 kilograms of O, its ratio is N: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.6: 0.35.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that spraying mepiquat chloride 2-3g/ mu in every 10-15 days after step e poured water 3-4 days, sprays mepiquat chloride 2-3g/ mu 15-August 20 August, August 20 stops to spray mepiquat chloride later on;
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that step f phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer makes base manure, the 30-40% base manure of nitrogenous fertilizer, and 60-70% topdresses in addition.
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| CN112868484A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-01 | 长江大学 | Cotton planting method |
| CN115005041A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-09-06 | 新疆穗峰绿色农业科技有限公司 | Dry-sowing and wet-out cultivation method for cotton in heavy soil by using 4.3-meter ultra-wide film |
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