CN101573129A - 用于皮肤病学用途的包含昆诺阿藜谷物提取物的组合物 - Google Patents
用于皮肤病学用途的包含昆诺阿藜谷物提取物的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101573129A CN101573129A CNA2007800487379A CN200780048737A CN101573129A CN 101573129 A CN101573129 A CN 101573129A CN A2007800487379 A CNA2007800487379 A CN A2007800487379A CN 200780048737 A CN200780048737 A CN 200780048737A CN 101573129 A CN101573129 A CN 101573129A
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- quinoa
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- peptide
- skin
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种包含昆诺阿藜谷物提取物的组合物,所述提取物为昆诺阿藜谷物的肽和糖苷提取物或者脂质提取物,所述脂质昆诺阿藜提取物自身选自其不皂化馏分浓缩的油、不皂化物或精制油。本发明还涉及制备这些不同的提取物的方法,以及这些提取物的皮肤病学或营养学应用。
Description
本发明涉及一种美容、皮肤病学或营养学的包含合适的赋形剂和昆诺阿藜谷物(quinoa grain)提取物的组合物。
出于分类学考虑和与禾本科植物相关的化学组成,昆诺阿藜谷物被分类为拟谷物。虽然早在20世纪初就认识到昆诺阿藜富含蛋白质和若干矿物,但是其消耗仍限制在安第斯山脉超过6,000年。在起源于印加的凯楚阿语中,单词昆诺阿藜是指西班牙语中的“chisiya mama”或“原种(mother seed)”。在18和19世纪,横跨安第斯区域的旅行植物学家们高度赞扬了昆诺阿藜。他们在欧洲培育昆诺阿藜的尝试并不是很确定。在1917年,德国园艺家宣称试验成功但是后者渐为世人忘却。由于证实昆诺阿藜谷物具有营养益处,在过去三十年进行的很多调查和引起的好奇中,昆诺阿藜谷物逐渐引人注目。昆诺阿藜的植物名称为Chenopodium quinoa Willd.Subsp.quinoa。其常用名和俗名为:
-在凯楚阿语中拼写为:quinua,kiuna;(在南美存在其他很多名字);
-在西班牙语中拼写为:quinoa,quinua,arroz del Peru,
-在法语中拼写为:quinoa,petit riz,riz du Pérou;
-在英语中拼写为:quinoa,quinua。
昆诺阿藜(Chenopodium quinoa)是年生草本植物,取决于环境条件和基因型,其具有0.5至2.1米的测量高度(栽培植物为1至1.5米)。昆诺阿藜的枢轴根浓密分枝,有利于其抗霜冻。地上部分或显示分枝的或不取决于变种。它的互生叶是非常多形的(柳叶刀形、△形或三角形)。当植物仍年轻时它们是绿色的,成熟后呈现黄色,红色或紫红色。花序是圆锥花序。无瓣花是小的和无柄的。
不裂果为瘦果。它包含直径测量为1至2.0-2.6毫米的小的、几乎球形的谷物,外观让人想起小米。颜色为白色,黄红,紫红,棕色或黑色。果皮占谷物的大约8%,胚胎60-69%,外胚乳大约23%。
在藜属中,两个野生物种,C.hircinum和C.berlandieri与昆诺阿藜接近(相同数目的染色体(2n=36)和种间杂交)。也在昆诺阿藜和白色藜科植物(Chenopodium album L.)中观察到杂交情形。
培育的昆诺阿藜在颜色上(植物,花序,种子),谷物中的蛋白质和皂苷含量,以及叶中的β-花青和草酸钙含量上具有较大变异。
在安第斯区域,更具体地,在的的喀喀湖(lake Titicaca)的堤,已经发现具有大遗传差异的种群。在该区域主要已知的变种如下:
-在秘鲁:Kancolla,Cheweca,Witulla,Tahuaco,Camacani,Yocaré,Wilacayuni,Blanca de Juli,Amarilla de Marangani,Pacus,Rosada,Blanca de Junin,Hualhuas,Huancayo,Mantaro,Huacariz,Huacataz,Acostambo,Blanca Ayacuchana和
-在玻利维亚:Sajama,Real Blanca,Chucapaca,Kamiri,Huaranga,Pasancalla,Pandela,Tupiza,Jachapucu,Wila Coymini,Kellu,Uthusaya,Chullpi,Kaslali和Chillpi;
-在厄瓜多尔:Inbaya,Chaucha,INIAP-Cochasqui,Tanlahua,Piartal,Porotoc,Amarga del Chimborazo,Amarga de Imbabura和Morada;
-在哥伦比亚:Dulce de Quitopampa;
-在阿根廷:Blanca de Jujuy;
-在智利:Baer,Lito,Faro和Picchaman。
在1968年,玻利维亚植物学家根据其形态学特征描述了17个品种。其他植物学家提出了根据其地理位置限定的四种主要的生态型:“山谷”型,典型高度为2,000-4,000米;“高原”型,通常位于4,000米以上的高地;“腌渍”型,位于大约4,000米,但适应阿塔卡玛(Atacama)地区的土壤的强pH;以及“海平面”型,可以在玻利维亚的内部山谷上遇到。野生昆诺阿藜起源于安第斯山脉的高原。在秘鲁,玻利维亚以及智利的极北方超过3,900米的高度可以遇到野生昆诺阿藜。
干燥的昆诺阿藜谷物由水(大约10%,在文献中报道的值为12.6%),矿物质(在文献中报道的值为2.46至3.4%),碳水化合物(在文献中报道的未加工谷物的值为58.5%至61.2%,加工谷物的值为62.8%),蛋白质(在文献中报道的值为12.2至13.8%,甜味和苦味昆诺阿藜分别为14.8和15.7%),脂质(在文献中报道的值从大约4.5至大约10%变化),皂苷和多酚组成。指出的百分比以基于干燥谷物的总重量的重量表示。
对于碳水化合物,昆诺阿藜的干燥谷物包括食物纤维(在文献中报道的值为6.6%),包含水溶性纤维(根据文献为1.26克/100克)和水不溶性纤维(根据文献为5.38克/100克)的原料纤维(在文献中报道的值为2.2%)。葡萄糖(根据文献为4.5%),果糖(根据文献为2.4%),和蔗糖(根据文献为2.4%)是重要的。指出的百分比以基于干燥谷物中碳水化合物的总重量的重量表示。
对于脂质,干燥昆诺阿藜谷物包括脂肪酸,磷酯(主要为溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺),维生素E(主要为α-维生素E和γ-维生素E),碳氢化合物(角鲨烯)和甾醇。
大部分脂肪酸为亚麻仁油酸和油酸。干燥谷物还包括大量的棕榈酸和α-亚麻酸。干燥谷物还可以包括肉豆蔻酸,5-十六碳烯酸,硬脂酸,花生酸,二十碳烯酸,山嵛酸,9-二十二碳烯酸,二十四碳烯酸或其他酸。原料谷物和加工及清洗谷物具有非常接近的脂肪酸比例。
在文献中,报道的高含量的游离脂肪酸为:在整个谷物中18.9%,碘值为129,皂化值为190,不皂化(unsaponifiable)材料的含量5.2%。
根据文献,大部分甾醇为Δ7-豆甾醇。其他可以存在的甾醇为Δ5,24(28)-燕麦甾醇,β-谷甾醇,Δ7-菜油甾醇,豆甾醇,胆固醇,菜油甾醇,呋喃甾醇,24-乙烯-Δ7-胆甾烯-3β-醇。
在昆诺阿藜谷物中存在的皂苷已经被来自不同大陆的研究者们广泛研究了25年。这些是三萜烯类皂苷。这些组分基本上位于谷物的果皮中。
昆诺阿藜以及其提取物的应用除了皂苷之外,迄今为止限制在食物工业领域。举例而言,可以提及国际申请WO2005/058249,其中描述了用于食品工业的蛋白质浓缩物。
国际申请WO2006/053415公开了包括昆诺阿藜在内的很多植物提取物的皮肤病学用途,昆诺阿藜提取物可以通过对加压和非加压植物的水或乙醇提取获得。由此获得的水提取物包括少量水溶性蛋白质,鞣质,游离糖和低聚糖,异苷类(皂苷+黄酮)。至于乙醇提取物,其包含皂苷,多酚,三萜脂质和少量脂质。但是,在白细胞间介素IL-8上进行的测试显示所测提取物诱导该白细胞间介素IL-8的合成,因而得出该提取物为促炎症的结论。这样,实际上,并不推荐它的皮肤病学用途。因此迄今为止还没有提出正经的昆诺阿藜及其提取物的皮肤病学用途。
现在,发明人已经惊奇地发现,某些昆诺阿藜提取物是非炎症性的,并具有令人感兴趣的美容、皮肤病学或营养学性能。
因此,本发明的目的是一种美容、皮肤病学或营养学组合物,所述组合物包括昆诺阿藜谷物的提取物和,如果需要,合适的赋形剂,其特征在于所述提取物为昆诺阿藜谷物的肽提取物或脂质提取物。营养学组合物可以不包括任何赋形剂。
图1确定了用于获得不同脂质和肽提取物的不同步骤。以昆诺阿藜谷物(A)开始,该方法包括通过压力,通过溶剂在超临界压力下提取的第一步骤(1)。从该提取物中,精选脂质部分(原油B)或者肽部分(滤饼V)。对原油进行精制处理(2)从而得到精制油(C)。对精制油(C)进行分子蒸馏处理(3)从而得到其不皂化馏分浓缩的油(或者浓缩物D)。然后对浓缩的油(D)进行皂化处理并进行提取(4)从而得到不皂化物(E)。至于蛋白质部分,用水和/或乙醇洗涤滤饼(V)(11),从而抑制皂苷,可溶性糖,异苷类和多酚(Z)。然后对洗涤的滤饼进行在碱性pH下的溶解蛋白质步骤(12)。作为可替代方案,所述方法可以包括采用α-淀粉酶/纤维素酶的另外的酶处理步骤(20)。该方法接着包括离心步骤,超滤步骤(13),这使得不溶性物质(Z’)被除去,并得到浓缩蛋白质(W)。接着,对这些浓缩蛋白质(W)用蛋白酶类进行酶处理步骤(14),然后进行加热处理,超滤和纳米过滤处理(15),从而得到肽(X)(+糖Y)。
根据本发明的第一个替代方案,昆诺阿藜提取物为昆诺阿藜谷物的脂质提取物。所述油可以通过数个方法进行提取:
-物理提取,例如在机械压力机上的热压,在双螺杆挤出机上的加压。
-通过有机溶剂(脂肪族烃,醇,氯化溶剂,氟化溶剂)的化学提取。
-单独使用用二氧化碳和/或用共溶剂在超临界介质中的提取。
在提取油之前,有利地,通过摩擦外壳或者用水清洗除去在谷物外壁上的大部分皂苷。而且,之前可以进行谷物的热水处理。
对于提取昆诺阿藜原油,优选使用脂肪族烷烃型的化学溶剂,例如正己烷。根据提取的特定方式,在引入连续转带提取器之前,使去壳的并清洗的、有可能热水预处理的谷物变平从而获得薄片,并通过正己烷的渗滤提取脂质。真空下蒸发收集的溶剂油从而回收除溶剂油。
在如下表1中给出了昆诺阿藜原油的规格:
表1:昆诺阿藜原油的规格
该油为食物油。因而可以供人类消耗。因此,该油遵守CODEX标准。该油不包含或者包含非常少的游离脂肪酸。根据生效中的标准,对于通过冷压获得的油和初压油而言,酸值的最大值为0.4毫克KOH/克油。所述油不包含植物保护渣和HAP(多环芳烃)型的任何氧化副产物或者残余产物。
昆诺阿藜原油可以根据本领域技术人员已知的方法进行精制,例如物理精制法(用水脱胶,在高温下通过除臭脱酸)和化学精制法(用水或酸处理除去胶浆从而除去磷脂,通过碱性溶液中和游离脂肪酸,脱色,冷冻(frigelization)和除臭)。优选化学精制,因为化学精制能够在提取过程中除去携带的皂苷,以及除去高比例的磷脂和游离脂肪酸。
在如下表2中给出了根据本发明的精制昆诺阿藜油的规格:
表2:精制昆诺阿藜油的规格
该油为食物油。因而可以供人类消耗。因此,该油遵守CODEX标准。该油不包含或者包含非常少的游离脂肪酸。根据生效中的标准,对于精制油而言,酸值的最大值为0.6毫克/KOH/克油。所述油不包含植物保护渣和HAP(多环芳烃)型的任何氧化副产物或者残余产物。所述油还具有甘油三酸酯,对于甘油三酸酯,其脂肪酸分布与初始油的脂肪酸分布相同,因而使得所述油可以从天然植物油的命名(designation)中得益。
本发明的目的还在于一种制备昆诺阿藜精制油的方法,所述昆诺阿藜具有如表2中定义的规格,该方法包括化学精制昆诺阿藜原油的步骤。根据一个有利的替代方案,所述方法包括之前描述的步骤。
之前获得的昆诺阿藜精制油可以通过分子蒸馏法浓缩成其不皂化馏分。
不皂化馏分是脂肪的馏分,该馏分在碱的延长作用下在水中保持不溶,并且可以用有机溶剂进行提取。五大组的物质存在于植物油的大部分不皂化物中:饱和或不饱和烃,脂肪族或萜烯类醇,甾醇,维生素E,类胡萝卜素和叶黄素颜料。
该分子蒸馏步骤优选通过使用选自如下的设备进行:离心型的分子蒸馏器或刮擦薄膜型的分子设备。
离心型的分子蒸馏器是本领域技术人员公知的。例如,专利申请EP 493 144中描述了该类型的一种分子蒸馏器。通常,待蒸馏产品在以高速旋转的锥形转子的加热表面(热表面)展开成薄层。将蒸馏箱置于真空中。在这些条件下,自例如不皂化物的油组分的热表面存在蒸发但没有沸腾,其优点在于所述油及其组分,特别是不皂化物(这些产物众所周知是脆弱的),在蒸发过程中不降解。
刮擦薄膜型的分子蒸馏器是本领域技术人员公知的。通常,它们包括提供了旋转刮刀器的蒸馏室,因此待蒸馏产物可以连续在蒸发表面(热表面)展开。通过置于蒸馏室中央的冷冻指来凝结产物蒸气。进料器和真空周边系统与离心蒸馏器的非常接近(进料泵,真空叶片泵和油扩散泵等)。通过重力流动完成玻璃细颈瓶中残余物和馏出物的回收。
在分馏步骤的最后,富含不皂化物的蒸馏馏分有利地占原始油的5-15重量%,富含甘油三酸酯的蒸馏馏分有利地占原始油的85-95重量%。另外,检查得到该方法并不引起不皂化物的化合物的任何化学改性或改变,强不饱和馏分得以保留。因此,浓缩昆诺阿藜油的脂肪酸分布与浓缩前的昆诺阿藜油的相同。
根据本发明的一个有利的替代方案,其不皂化馏分浓缩的昆诺阿藜油具有如下表3中所给出的规格:
表3:其不皂化馏分浓缩的精制油的规格
本身富含其不皂化馏分的精制油是一种新的食物,其也是本发明的目的。因而所述精制油可以供人类消耗。因此,该油遵守CODEX标准。该油不包含或者包含非常少的游离脂肪酸。在主管当局对于新食品的批准手续范围内,限定最大酸值的数值。
此外,所述油不包含植物保护渣和HAP(多环芳烃)型的任何氧化副产物或者残余产物。所述油还具有甘油三酸酯,对于甘油三酸酯,其脂肪酸分布与初始油的脂肪酸分布相同,因而使得所述油可以从天然植物油的命名中得益。
由于该精制油富含其不皂化馏分,因此该精制油可以提供有机体(与精制油的甘油三酸酯提供的有机体相同),较大量的营养元素,例如植物甾醇和维生素,且没有另外的热量摄取。
本发明的目的还在于一种用于制备其不皂化馏分浓缩的昆诺阿藜油的方法,该方法包括分子蒸馏精制的昆诺阿藜油的步骤。具体地,该分子蒸馏步骤通过使用选自如下的设备进行:离心型的分子蒸馏器和刮擦薄膜型的分子设备。该方法有利地包括之前所述的步骤。
昆诺阿藜油的不皂化物可以通过本领域技术人员已知的方法获得。例如,在其不皂化馏分浓缩的昆诺阿藜油上进行皂化,然后用合适的溶剂提取该不皂化物,从而获得昆诺阿藜油的不皂化物。然后洗涤该提取物直至完全除去肥皂,接着蒸发溶剂。最后,用蒸汽有利地对不皂化物进行除臭处理,接着用氮气汽提从而除去痕量溶剂。
昆诺阿藜油的不皂化物有利地具有如下表4中给出的规格:
维生素E含量(克/100克) | 1.5-3.5 |
甾醇含量(克/100克) | 20.0-50.0 |
角鲨烯含量(克/100克) | 20.0-50.0 |
表4:昆诺阿藜油不皂化物的规格
本发明还设计一种用于制备昆诺阿藜不皂化物的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:皂化其不皂化馏分浓缩的昆诺阿藜油,然后用合适的溶剂提取所述不皂化物。该方法有利地包括之前所述的步骤。
在本发明的范围内,昆诺阿藜谷物的脂质提取物自身选自其不皂化馏分浓缩的油、不皂化物或具有之前给出的规格(表2)的精制油。
根据本发明的第二个替代方案,昆诺阿藜提取物为昆诺阿藜谷物的肽和糖苷提取物。
肽和糖苷提取物有利地通过包括如下连续步骤的方法获得:
a)由昆诺阿藜谷物开始,提取原油和滤饼,并回收所述滤饼;
b)用水或水/醇混合物洗涤所述滤饼从而仅保留蛋白质部分,然后
c)溶解所述蛋白质;
d)浓缩所述蛋白质,然后将所述蛋白质水解为肽;
e)纯化并回收所述肽提取物。
根据本发明的肽和糖苷提取物有利地具有如下规格:
表5:昆诺阿藜的肽提取物的规格
本发明的目的还在于一种制备昆诺阿藜的肽和糖苷提取物的方法,该方法包括如下的连续步骤:
a)由昆诺阿藜谷物开始,提取原油和滤饼,并回收所述滤饼;
b)用水或水/醇混合物洗涤所述滤饼从而仅保留蛋白质部分,然后
c)溶解所述蛋白质;
d)浓缩所述蛋白质,然后将所述蛋白质水解为肽;
e)纯化并回收所述肽提取物。
此外,在浓缩蛋白质(步骤d)之前,有利地先除去纤维。
获得肽和糖苷提取物的优选具体实施方案在下文描述。
将在提取脂质过程中除去溶剂后获得的昆诺阿藜谷物的滤饼分散在水中或水/乙醇混合物中,从而提取并除去皂苷,异苷类和多酚。使混合物旋转干燥或离心,从而回收片状沉淀物,并去除汁液。分散片状沉淀物,并混合在碱性pH 8至13的水中,从而溶解蛋白质。有可能通过新鲜离心分离或者通过用α-淀粉酶和纤维素酶的混合物进行淀粉和纤维(纤维素,半纤维素,......)的水解除去纤维。
然后在等电位点酸性介质中通过沉淀作用或者通过超滤浓缩可溶性蛋白质。然后通过酶,有利地为碱性蛋白酶,水解浓缩的蛋白质。使用热处理,有可能在反应的最后使所述酶变性。
将反应介质在截止阈值为10KDa的膜上进行超滤处理从而除去残余蛋白质(渗余物)。然后将透过物浓缩至所需的干材料水平,并用截止阈值为200Da的膜通过纳米过滤脱盐。最后,在无菌过滤后(0.2微米)老化产物。
组合物可以进一步包括至少一种选自如下的化合物:
-常规用于皮肤病学的活性物,例如润肤剂,保湿活性剂,角蛋白合成的活化剂,角质调节剂,角质层分离剂,皮肤屏障重组剂(皮肤脂质合成活化剂),PPAR(过氧物酶体增殖子活化受体)激动剂,RXR或LXR激动剂,SERMs,维生素D或肾上腺皮质激素受体激动剂,角质化细胞分化活化剂(类视黄醇,钙),皮脂调节剂(5-α还原酶的抑制剂,特别是科学发展实验室(Laboratoires Expanscience)销售的5-α活性),防腐剂,抗刺激剂,安抚剂,太阳能过滤器和滤网,抗氧化剂,
-具有补充治疗作用的活性成分,例如抗生素,前抗生素和亲抗生素,抗菌剂,抗真菌化合物,抗病毒剂,免疫调节剂(他克莫司或者吡美莫司),噁唑啉,生长因子,愈合剂或营养分子,药品,抗炎剂,色素或色素沉着不足剂(hypopigmentary agent),脂解剂或脂肪生成抑制剂,色素或超细矿物或者有机太阳能过滤器和滤网,常规或功能食物:对绝经的继发征兆有影响的,高血糖或低血糖,抗脂肪或抗蜂窝织炎营养素,抗胆固醇,抗氧化剂,供能、使精力充沛营养素,
-天然植物提取物(在水或油相(多酚,黄酮,其他肽和糖,......)中可提取的植物部分),包含植物油的不皂化物的化合物,甾醇不皂化物或包含它们的产物(植物油的不皂化物,特别是豆油的不皂化物,植物黄油或黄油状材料及其混合物的不皂化物,天然蜡的不皂化物,油提取物的不皂化物,工业油副产品的不皂化物,动物源的脂肪提取物的不皂化物,海洋石油的不皂化物,乳酸脂肪提取物的不皂化物,提取自单细胞有机体的脂质提取物的不皂化物,提取自水藻和海洋有机体的脂质的不皂化物,等等),甾醇,石烯醇,植物甾醇,植物石烯醇,维生素E,向日葵的浓缩物,油菜籽和/或棕榈油,微量元素,维生素,ω3,6或9脂肪酸,低血糖或高血糖或甜化植物。
可结合使用的角蛋白合成的活化剂有利地为类视黄醇,Silab销售的羽扇豆肽,自角质层或粒状层的关键蛋白质(角蛋白)和角化粒。
可结合使用的安抚剂有利地为α没药醇,甘草衍生物,布洛芬(ibuprofene),甘草次酸。可结合使用的角质调节剂有利地为α羟基酸及其衍生物。可结合使用的角质层分离剂尤其可以为水杨酸及其衍生物。
可结合使用的生长因子有利地为贝卡普勒明和TGF-β(转化生长因子β),EGF,NGF,VEGF。
可结合使用的抗氧化剂有利地选自微量元素(铜,锌,硒),硫辛酸,单独地或与维生素B12,维生素C,维生素E,黄酮类(绿茶,......),β-胡萝卜素,番茄红素或叶黄素结合,抗糖化物质,例如肌肽,正乙酰半胱氨酸,大豆异黄酮,大豆蛋白质,以及抗氧化剂或自由基酶,SOD(超氧化歧化酶)过氧化氢酶,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶,硫氧还原蛋白还原酶及其激动剂。
皮肤屏障重组剂能够刺激表皮的关键脂质的合成,并可以结合使用,所述皮肤屏障重组剂有利地为向日葵浓缩物,更有利地为亚油酸向日葵浓缩物,例如科学发展实验室,(参照国际申请WO 01/21150)销售的活性产品,植物油的不皂化物,例如(参照国际申请WO 01/21150),PPAR激动剂(罗西格列酮,吡格列酮),RXR,LXR。
可结合使用的抗真菌化合物有利地为益康唑和酮康唑。
可结合使用的防腐保存剂为例如三氯生,氯己定,季铵。
可结合使用的抗生素有利地为梭链孢酸,青霉素,四环素,普那霉素,红霉素,克林霉素,莫匹罗星,米诺环素,多西环素。可结合使用的抗病毒剂有利地为无环鸟苷和伐昔洛韦。可结合使用的抗刺激剂有利地为甘氨酸,糖和/或羽扇豆肽,(噁唑啉衍生物)。
可结合使用的愈合剂有利地为维生素A,泛醇,氧化锌,镁,硅,羟基积雪草酸或亚细亚酸,硫酸葡聚糖,氨基葡萄糖,硫酸软骨素和全球GAGs,大豆的肽(发酵或未发酵),微量元素。
可结合使用的药品为,有利地适合通过局部或口服给药的药品,用于预防和/或治疗特应性(atopia)(肾上腺皮质激素,外用免疫调节剂,神经钙蛋白的抑制剂,软化剂),痤疮(抗生素,过氧化苯甲酰,类视黄醇,壬二酸,维生素PP,维生素B3,锌,细胞周期调节蛋白),湿疹(免疫调节剂,软化剂,鲑鱼油,琉璃苣油,前抗生素)或牛皮癣(肾上腺皮质激素,卡泊三醇,骨化三醇,他扎罗汀,杜松油,阿昔曲丁,PUVA-疗法)或药物或高血脂药物(或食品)和/或低血脂药物(或食品)。在后者类型的药物中,有可能提到基于磺脲类和格列奈类的药物,基于α-糖苷酶的抑制剂的药物,基于双胍(二甲双胍)的药物,基于胰岛素敏感性活化剂或四氢噻唑的药物(TZD,吡格列酮,罗西格列酮),其为PPAR激动剂,抑制素家族或贝特家族的低血酯药物(PPARα激动剂),奥利司他(赛尼可)和西布曲明(Réductyl或Sibutral)。
可结合使用的抗脂肪营养素有利地选自阻断脂肪吸收的营养素,例如壳聚糖,能够增加热产生的营养素(“脂肪燃烧”),例如麻黄碱(中国中药麻黄),咖啡因,茶素,和酸橙(citrus aurantium),能够控制食欲的营养素(“食欲抑制剂”),例如L-苯丙氨酸和L-酪氨酸,能够调节血糖的营养素,例如矿物,例如铬或钒或镁或印度(ayurvedic)草药西尔维斯特武靴叶(Gymnema Sylvester),脂肪生成抑制剂,例如自柬埔寨藤黄(Garcinia cambodgia)中提取的羟基柠檬酸,能够传输脂肪的营养素,例如L-卡尼汀。
食品的例子和用于再平衡血糖的高血糖治疗的例子为抗逆转录病毒,肾上腺糖皮质激素,免疫抑制剂,IFN-α,性类甾醇,THS,丸剂,生长激素,拟交感作用药,心血管药,利尿剂,β-阻滞剂,钙抑制剂,治疗精神病的物质。
可结合使用的抗炎剂有利地为甾醇类抗炎剂(AIS),例如肾上腺皮质激素或非甾醇类剂(AINS)。
可结合使用的免疫调节剂有利地为他克莫司、吡美莫司和噁唑啉。可结合使用的噁唑啉有利地为选自如下的噁唑啉:2-十一烷基-4-羟甲基-4-甲基-1,3-噁唑啉,2-十一烷基-4,4-二甲基-1,3-噁唑啉,(E)-4,4-二甲基-2-十七-8-烯基-1,3-噁唑啉,4-羟甲基-4-甲基-2-十七烷基-1,3-噁唑啉,(E)-4-羟甲基-4-甲基-2-十七-8-烯基-1,3-噁唑啉,2-十一烷基-4-乙基-4-羟甲基-1,3-噁唑啉。甚至更有利地,所述噁唑啉为2-十一烷基-4,4-二甲基-1,3-噁唑啉,称作OX-100或
可结合使用的色素沉着不足剂为氢醌及其衍生物,熊果酚苷,视黄酸,维生素A,视醛,曲酸,壬二酸,维生素B3或PP,间苯二酚衍生物,白藜芦醇,甘草或白色桑树提取物,α-硫辛酸,亚油酸,阳离子-螯合剂,例如EDTA(氨茶碱四乙酸),大豆提取物。还可以提及的是由Seppic销售的(N-十一碳烯酰-L-苯丙氨酸),其也是除色素美容剂。
作为色素剂的例子,尤其可以提及的是
-为皮肤上色的试剂:二羟丙酮,黑色素;
-刺激天然色素沉着过程的试剂:补骨脂烯(psolarenes)(8-甲氧补骨脂烯,5-甲氧补骨脂烯,4,5’,8-三甲基补骨脂烯或补骨脂(Psorelea corylifolia)和大阿米芹(Ammi majus)的植物提取物),类胡萝卜素(番茄红素,斑蝥黄),刺激循环AMP路径的试剂(1、AMPc的类似物,例如8-溴-AMPc或联丁酰基-AMPc,2.福斯高林,3.异丁基-甲基-花黄素或茶碱),蛋白激酶C的活化剂(二脂酰甘油,特别是油烯基-乙酰基-丙三醇),脂肪族或环二醇(1,2-丙二醇,5-降莰烷-2,2-二甲醇,降莰烷-2,2-二甲醇),单萜二环二醇,酪氨酸衍生物(L-酪氨酸,L-DOPA),二甲基亚砜,抗疟剂(lysomotropic agent),胸腺嘧啶二核苷酸,DNA碎片,黑色素细胞-刺激促皮质素的类似物,3-异丁基-1-甲基花黄素,硝酸给予体(Brown,Journal of Photochemistry andPhotobiology B:biology 63(2001)148-161);
-植物提取物,特别是水藻,表现出前黑色素生成(promelanogenic)活性:掌状昆布(Laminaria digitata)(Thalitan ofCodif)。
可结合使用的天然植物提取物有利地为鳄梨,羽扇豆,大豆或向日葵,玉米,油菜籽或玛卡的提取物。可以特别提到的是鳄梨糖(参照国际申请WO 2005/115421),或鳄梨肽(参照国际申请WO2005/105123)。
可结合使用的包含植物油的不皂化物的化合物有利地选自鳄梨呋喃脂质,鳄梨和大豆不皂化物,羽扇豆油的浓缩物,向日葵的浓缩物,玉米和油菜籽油及其混合物。
可结合使用的羽扇豆油浓缩物有利地为可以通过羽扇豆油,有利地为甜的白色羽扇豆油,例如在国际申请WO 98/47479中描述的那些,的分子蒸馏获得的浓缩物。它们有利地包含大约60重量%的不皂化物。
“甾醇”不皂化物是其中甾醇,甲基甾醇和三萜烯醇含量为基于不皂化物的总重量的20至95重量%,优选45-65重量%的不皂化物。
可结合使用的低血糖植物有利地选自胡卢巴种(Trigonellagraenum),科罗索酸(大花紫薇(Lagestroemia speciosa)树的叶子中的活性化合物),西尔维斯特武靴叶,苦瓜的果汁(苦瓜(Momordicacharantia)),桉树属植物(蓝桉树(Eucalyptus globulus)),人参,乌饭树叶(Vaccinum myrtillus)。
可结合使用的微量元素有利地选自镁,铬,硒及其混合物。
根据本发明的组合物可以配制为不同的制剂,以适合局部给药,口腔,直肠,阴道,鼻,耳或支气管给药,肠道外给药。
根据第一个替代方案,有不同的制剂适合局部给药,这包括膏状物,乳剂,奶,软膏,洗液,油,水性或水/醇或水/乙二醇溶液,粉末,片剂,喷雾剂或用以外用的任何其他产品。
根据第二个替代方案,有不同的制剂适合口服,昆诺阿藜提取物能够进入食物组合物或者食物补充剂中。食物补充剂可以为在本发明范围内的昆诺阿藜这样的提取物(例如有可能富含其不皂化馏分的精制油),否则为明胶胶囊或软明胶胶囊或植物胶囊。所述食物补充剂可以包括10至100重量%的昆诺阿藜提取物。
根据本发明的第二个替代方案,本发明的昆诺阿藜提取物可以无限制地引入食物、饮料和营养品中,包括如下提到的这些:
1)乳制品:例如奶酪,黄油,牛奶和其他奶基饮料,混合物和基于奶制品的涂抹食品,冰激凌和酸奶;
2)基于脂肪的产品,例如人造黄油,涂抹食品,蛋黄酱,冷却脂肪,煎炸油,和法国调味品;
3)基于谷类的产品,由谷物组成,例如面包和面团,而不论食品是烹调,烤箱烹调或转变的;
4)甜食,例如巧克力,糖果,口香糖,甜食,饭后点心,冰冻果子露,糖霜和其他装饰品;
5)醇或软饮料,包括汽水和其他软饮料,果汁,膳食补充剂,以BOOSTTM和EnsureTM名字销售的那些饮料形式的正餐替代品;以及
6)各种产品,例如蛋,转换食品,例如汤,用于面团的现成的酱油,准备菜和其他相同类型的产品。
本发明的组合物可以直接引入而不对食物,营养品,膳食产品,特别是高蛋白产品或饮料进行任何其他改性,这可以通过例如混合,灌输,注射,混合,吸收,揉捏和喷雾的技术实现。
根据本发明的化合物和组合物的给药模式,剂量和最佳盖伦制剂形式(galenic form)可以根据在建立药物治疗,特别是适于病人或动物的皮肤病学或兽医治疗时通常考虑的标准确定,例如病人或动物的年龄或体重,他/她的一般状态的严重程度,治疗的耐受性,报道的次级效应,皮肤的类型。取决于给药的所需的类型,根据本发明的组合物和/或活性化合物可以进一步包括至少一种药学可接受的赋形剂,特别是皮肤病学可接受的赋形剂。根据第一个替代方案,使用适合通过外部局部路径给药的赋形剂。根据本发明的组合物进一步包括至少一种本领域技术人员已知的药学辅助剂,所述辅助剂选自增厚剂,防腐剂,香料,染料,化学或矿物过滤器,增湿剂,温泉等。
具有所示规格的包含精制昆诺阿藜油的组合物特别意在用于美容,皮肤病学或食物用途。在美容或皮肤病学用途的范围内,组合物有利地配制为适合局部给药的制剂。在食物用途的范围内,出于营养或美容目的(“美容-食物”),组合物有利地配制为适合口服给药的制剂。组合物可以不包含任何赋形剂,并可以完全由精制昆诺阿藜油组成。
包含富含其不皂化馏分的精制昆诺阿藜油的组合物特别意在用于美容,皮肤病学或食物用途。在美容或皮肤病学用途的范围内,组合物有利地配制为适合局部给药的制剂。在食物用途的范围内,出于营养或美容(“美容-食物”)目的,组合物有利地配制为适合口服给药的制剂。组合物可以不包含任何赋形剂,并可以完全由其不皂化馏分浓缩的精制昆诺阿藜油组成。
包含不皂化物的组合物特别意在用于美容或皮肤病学用途。组合物有利地配制成适合局部给药的制剂。
包含肽提取物的组合物特别意在用于美容或皮肤病学用途。组合物有利地配制成适合局部给药的制剂。
本发明的目的还在于昆诺阿藜提取物的用途,所述昆诺阿藜提取物选自昆诺阿藜的肽或糖苷提取物或者昆诺阿藜的脂质提取物,所述昆诺阿藜脂质提取物自身选自其不皂化馏分浓缩的油、不皂化物或具有表2中所给出的规格的精制油,用于制备皮肤病学组合物或功能食品。
功能食品为常规食品,或者具有如下方面的食品,即属于常见食品并具有提供超过其通常的营养功能的有益生理学作用或降低慢性疾病风险的特征。
本发明涉及美容治疗,卫生保健,美容的方法,和/或用于加香粘膜和/或正常、干、肥胖、混合的、脱水的、老化的、敏感的、刺激的、不舒服的、不耐光皮肤的方法,所述皮肤具有与内在、外在或荷尔蒙衰老相关或与外来攻击(污染,UV,应激......)相关的平衡失调,具有色素沉着病症,具有与脂肪质量过度负荷相关的难看的外观的过敏趋势,该方法的特征在于其由施用根据本发明的组合物或功能食品组成。
而且,本发明涉及治疗覆盖物(头发,体毛,指甲)的方法,其特征在于该方法由施用根据本发明的组合物或功能食品组成。
特别地,组合物或功能食品意在预防和治疗如下过敏性,炎性,刺激性病理或反应或屏障或体内平衡的病症,
-皮肤的,例如粉刺,局部皮炎,脂溢性皮炎,红斑痤疮,牛皮癣,血管疾病,坐位皮炎,溃疡,裂缝,螫伤,特别是乳房裂缝,中暑,因任何种类射线的炎症,刺激或过敏(由于化学,物理试剂(拉伸应激:怀孕妇女)),细菌,真菌或病毒,寄生虫(跳蚤,疥疮,癣,螨,皮肤真菌),放射或辐射(UV,IR)刺激或过敏,或者由于先天免疫缺陷(抗微生物肽)或者后天免疫缺陷(细胞,体液因子)),肥胖造成的纹(strechmark),和/或
-粘膜的(自卫生学,与烟成瘾相关的牙龈炎(新生儿敏感牙龈炎)),牙周疾患,外部或内部男性或女性生殖器刺激,和/或
-未成熟的,正常的或成熟的覆盖物(脱发,头皮屑,多毛症,皮脂溢皮炎)。
组合物或功能食品还可以意在用于组织再生,和用于促进愈合,或者也可以意在用于保护和加强皮肤屏障,用于控制色素沉着疾病,以及用于脂解和脂肪生成机理。
精制昆诺阿藜油,有可能浓缩其不皂化馏分,进一步具有如下优点:能够降低动脉粥样化形成的风险,具有血胆固醇过少性能,用于预防某些癌症和心血管疾病,刺激老年人的免疫反应,降低白内障的风险,减慢植物神经系统的疾病的进程。
精制昆诺阿藜油的另一优点,有可能浓缩其不皂化馏分,在于其可用于美容(“食物-美容”),特别是为了改进皮肤外观的目的,用于增湿皮肤,通过提供基本的脂肪酸和甾醇保护皮肤屏障和intercorneocytary cement的病症,从而通过清除自由基预防皮肤老化,并作为防晒剂或者抗炎剂。
根据本发明的优选替代方案,其不皂化馏分浓缩的精制昆诺阿藜油用于治疗与真皮组织相关的疾病。真皮连接组织作为皮肤水平的支撑和支点,减震器,发挥重要作用,真皮尤其是造成硬度和弹性的原因。与胶原网络的变化(胶原,特别是类型I,III,II和V)或弹性网络(弹力蛋白-抑制合成,未完成的合成,胶原纤维的降解,降低成纤维细胞的数目以及它们的新陈代谢……)相关的该组织的退化因而具有如下严重后果:
-皮肤老化(年代的,体外老化或者光老化和绝经老化),特别是其特征在于降低了成纤维细胞的数目和活性,以及细胞外基质的过分降解;
-肥胖造成的纹,成纤维细胞的一种疾病,特征在于发炎,在机械扩张的影响下抑制用于纤维结合蛋白的基因编码表达,I和III型的胶原和弹力蛋白胶原,成纤维细胞转化为成肌纤维细胞。胶原组织的降解导致形成萎缩性皮肤疤痕。主要触发因素为:发炎和机械应激和激素环境(在怀孕过程中)。肥胖造成的纹影响年轻的基本上女性群体的大约50%。通常在怀孕(60-70%的怀孕妇女)过程中,在青春期(25%的女孩,10%的男孩),或者在某些疾病(新陈代谢,内分泌和传染)过程中观察到它们。这些是线性,略微凹陷的,窄的损伤,该损伤位于皮肤张力线方向并由皱折表皮覆盖。它们的颜色随着进化阶段而变化:最初它们具有红色,甚至暗紫色,然后在第二个阶段呈现晕色的带白色的外观:
-深部伤口达到真皮,它们引起真皮组织的变化,并降低了成纤维细胞的数目和基质的降解。建立了愈合机理从而修复改变的组织:重塑成纤维细胞增殖和细胞外基质:合成不同的组分。
因此,本发明的另一目的是所述富含不皂化物的油用于预防和/或治疗皮肤老化,肥胖造成的纹和深部伤口的用途。所述富含不皂化物的油还可用作促进愈合。
根据本发明的另一有利替代方案,所述富含不皂化物的油可用于预防和/或治疗真皮的皮下萎缩。皮下萎缩是在皮肤病学中经常遇到的问题。它们对于不同病因可以是继发性的。取决于其位置,这些损伤表现出较小的审美损害或者反过来较大地妨碍这个人。
皮下萎缩可以具有不同的病因。第一等级是疤痕萎缩,所述疤痕可以是外伤后的(直至真皮的创伤)或者后炎症(例如后痤疮)。外伤后的萎缩性疤痕包括具有线性基底膜的上皮萎缩,其表明皮肤表皮连接重排并损失了肤纹型式。在组织学上,减少了真皮的厚度,胶原纤维是精细的,纤维细胞经常比正常皮肤中的细胞更多。真皮萎缩还包括毛囊皮脂腺(有时为汗附加物)的生长障碍。因炎症过程的疤痕最常在深部真皮和皮下组织中形成。在那里真皮增厚,并伴有硬化症。细胞外基质的成分逐渐被增厚的和致密的胶原纤维所取代。该硬化过程伴有真皮血管和附加物的减少。在该阶段,有人论及硬化-萎缩,这是在局部(形态)硬皮病中可以观察到的病症。该过程也可影响免疫(深部狼疮,Perry-Romberg综合征),药物相关(类皮质激素的triteraphy、注射),酶(胰腺新生儿脂肪坏死)或外伤(妇女穿长筒袜时皮下组织萎缩)发炎菌肉中的皮下组织。
其他萎缩症所列如下:用皮肤-肾上腺皮质激素连续局部处理,与SHT(替代激素治疗)相关或无关的连续绝经,由于某些疾病,遗传或非遗传的,发育不全,胶原皮肤结缔组织的疾病,戈尔茨综合征,帕辛尼-佩里尼二氏萎缩性皮病,萎缩毛发角化病(atrophiant pilarykeratosis),最后在皮肤移植过程中,烧伤,任何皮肤物质源的损失,褥疮。
因此建议通过基于重新激发蛋白质活性的昆诺阿藜浓缩物(=富含不皂化物的油)的治疗弥补真皮萎缩。
根据本发明的优选替代方案,昆诺阿藜的肽和糖苷提取物用于表皮愈合。
皮肤整体的干扰发生在数种情况下。皮肤可能在外科手术,烧伤,辐射,切口,葡萄疮,摩擦和压力过程中受到损害。伤口的严重程度随诸如程度、深度和本性的某些因素而变化。为了维持皮肤的基本功能,非常重要的是当这样的事件发生时修复皮肤。皮肤伤口的愈合表明了导致伤口闭合和皮肤组织功能恢复的整个过程。通过再生或上皮再形成治愈表皮,即表皮恢复其结构和其最初功能。由于不可能通过再生反应至损害,通过修复的真皮愈合,即原始组织用非特定结缔组织取代,结果形成较少功能的疤痕(除去较低机械强度)。这些方法涉及不同细胞群体,分离的细胞区域(表皮和真皮),各种介质以及所有这些元素间的多数相互作用,且整体随时间变化。
上皮再形成在于通过有机体的、底的、成层的、角质化的上皮的角质化细胞的再生,所述再生覆盖伤口并再次形成抵御外部环境的保护性屏障,从而降低因伤口的死亡率。在3个步骤中进行上皮再形成机理,所述步骤平行发生但以时间转移的方式发生:(1)角质化细胞的迁移(细胞迁移受到数个机理的影响,例如损失接触抑制;存在炎症介质,例如由细胞分泌的生长因子或蛋白质,但是也通过与基质物质(例如纤维结合蛋白和层粘连蛋白5)的不同接触;(2)细胞增殖(填充由于迁移细胞留下的空间和覆盖损害时发生的有丝分裂波。在48-72小时后发生的角质化细胞的增殖看起来并不影响迁移。在很多因素的影响下完成细胞增殖,其可以由相邻细胞,例如成纤维细胞或者角质化细胞自身分泌:KGF(角质化细胞生长因子),IL-1,IL-6,IL-8,集落刺激因子(CSF),PDGF,TNF-a,IGF-1(胰岛素生长因子),(3)表皮成熟(表皮的成熟和分化与伤口闭合同时发生并相应地恢复角质化细胞的功能和正常形态)。激活角质化细胞,使其形态适合迁移,在不同生长因子的影响下迁移并增殖以使伤口上皮再形成。随着伤口覆盖的进行,新表皮开始成熟从而形成保护角膜层。
某些控制角质化细胞迁移的生长因子也能够影响迁移。EGF和TGF-β的情况就是这样,EGF和TGF-β刺激迁移并增加角质化细胞的表面上整合素(integrin)α2β1的表达,而且TGF-β是迁移中涉及的主要因子之一且通过激活基质合成起作用。
在愈合伤口过程中,细胞-基质相互作用是重要的。实际上,细胞外基质包含指导迁移细胞的粘合物质和纤维。以相同的方式,血液中的分子可以有助于细胞迁移。例如,纤维蛋白和纤维结合蛋白附在临时基质上,并形成角质化细胞可以迁移的结构。迁移角质化细胞还加工该基质的元素。角质化细胞合成层粘连蛋白5,胶原V和大疱性类天疱疮的抗原。各种基底对角质化细胞迁移的影响通过整合素和细胞外基质(MMP-1,MMp-2和MMP-9)的蛋白酶的分泌调节,这使得它们能够连续附着并使它们脱离这些基底。
层粘连蛋白5是上皮的基底层的特定蛋白质,其具有分泌或保护功能,例如粘膜或皮肤。层粘连蛋白5被认为是用于固定表皮的复合体的关键组分,以及对基底膜的稳定起最多作用的蛋白质。层粘连蛋白5产生于异源三聚体的α3,β3和γ2亚单元的组合,并且排他地通过作为前驱体的上皮细胞合成。由于层粘连蛋白5的组成的亚单元之一的合成和/或表达的不规则而导致的遗传或后天疾病的存在强调了层粘连蛋白5的重要作用。称作结合大疱表皮松解的这些疾病特别地导致具有由表皮大疱的自发形成特征的皮肤的表皮连接的脆性。因此,层粘连蛋白5具有决定的生物学角色,因为其能够粘着相邻上皮细胞。除了稳定连接的作用,层粘连蛋白5在细胞迁移过程中起着重要的作用,因为层粘连蛋白5由在表皮愈合的较早阶段中的迁移角质化细胞强烈表达。在正常的皮肤中,在基底角质化细胞的细胞质中存在非常少或没有层粘连蛋白5的标记,而在愈合伤口中,在基底细胞中检测到层粘连蛋白5。长型层粘连蛋白5与α3β1和α2β1整合素(其是两个受体,在病灶粘附板上再次发现,可用于细胞移动)相互作用。整合素α2β1看起来主要涉及在角质化细胞的迁移中。在迁移过程中,通过TGF-β和INF-γ调节对层粘连蛋白5的表达的控制。
皮肤愈合与借助基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)的作用的基质的迁移和重塑事件相关。因此如果需要,角质化细胞通过它们降解的临时基质移动,以促进其迁移,并且在临时基质中角质化细胞逐渐改变组合物。金属蛋白酶(MMPs)是一族依赖锌的酶,具有保存完好的结构,并能够降解细胞外基质的组分。可在皮肤上通过不同的细胞类型(成纤维细胞,角质化细胞,巨噬细胞,内皮嗜曙红细胞,胰岛(Langerhans)细胞……)合成金属蛋白酶。金属蛋白酶在细胞外基质的蛋白水解重塑中的主要作用目前在皮肤愈合中清晰地得以建立。各种基质对于角质化细胞迁移的影响通过细胞外基质的蛋白酶的分泌进行调节:MMP-1,MMP-2和MMP-9,使得它们连续附着并使它们脱离这些基底。MMP-9主要表达在皮肤愈合过程中,并包括在迁移和基质重塑阶段中。蛋白酶也是无任何疤痕地愈合的主要成分。
现在,已经显示的是,根据本发明的用于促进愈合的提取物直接对涉及上皮再形成的最初的2个步骤(细胞迁移和增殖)起作用。
-刺激角质化细胞的迁移
о对构成层粘连蛋白5的3个链(α3β3γ2)的基因编码表达的作用;
о通过增加其基因表达合成MMP-9的作用;
о对角质化细胞的迁移的作用
-刺激角质化细胞的增殖:
о对细胞增殖的直接作用
о对成纤维细胞的间接作用:分泌更多KGF:激活角质化细胞的细胞分裂的生长因子。
因此,本发明的目的是昆诺阿藜的肽和糖苷提取物的如前所述的用于促进愈合的用途。具体地,所述肽和糖苷提取物可用于预防和/或治疗表面疤痕,例如:后痤疮疤痕,后剥离疤痕,后激光疤痕,后烧伤疤痕,和葡萄疮。所述肽和糖苷提取物可用作脆弱唇和唇炎的保健产品(美容)。所述肽和糖苷提取物也可用于预防皮肤老化(由于缺少随着年龄的愈合)。肽和糖苷提取物也可用于治疗和/或预防肥胖造成的纹。
该肽和糖苷提取物也可在螫伤后(蚊子)用于修复皮肤。所述肽和糖苷提取物也能够修复因物理机制(搔,瘙痒(prurit),机械摩擦,激光辐射)和因化学和生化机制(例如去皮,臀的红斑)的皮肤擦伤。特别地,该提取物可以用于美容治疗斑点和/或痂,能够在因例如粉刺或水痘的病症的斑点,和/或因病症(先天性过敏症,乳痂)的痂后修复皮肤。
肽和糖苷提取物也在美容治疗脆弱和敏感皮肤中找到应用。
以下实施例阐释了本发明,但这些实施例是非限制性的。
实施例1:精制昆诺阿藜油(除臭):制备方法和规格
通过用溶剂(正己烷)提取昆诺阿藜谷物(1,000千克,5.5%产率)并获得昆诺阿藜原油(55千克)获得精制昆诺阿藜油。然后精制该原油(70%产率)从而得到精制昆诺阿藜油(38.5千克)。用沉积物获得黄色的混浊油;未发现痕量己烷。
除臭的精制昆诺阿藜油具有如下规格:
过氧化物数目:7.3毫当量/千克;酸值:0.30毫克KOH/克。
脂肪酸组合物:C14 0.1%;C16 8.2%;C16’0.2%;C18 0.8%;C18’30.4%;C18”47.2%;C18”’8.3%;C20 0.6%;C20’1.7%;C22 0.7%;C22’1.6%;C24 0.2%。
总维生素E含量:4.8毫克/100克
α-维生素E的相对%:22.3%;β-维生素E的相对%:0.0%;γ-维生素E的相对%:61.5%;δ-维生素E的相对%:16.2%。
总甾醇含量:1.63克/100克
菜油甾醇的相对%:1.53%;豆甾醇的相对%:3.19%;β-谷甾醇的相对%:20.00%;δ-5-燕麦甾醇的相对%:1.7%;δ-7-豆甾醇的相对%:46.35%;δ-7-燕麦甾醇的相对%:8.55%
角鲨烯含量:2.5克/100克
实施例2:其不皂化馏分浓缩的精制昆诺阿藜油(=昆诺阿藜油浓
缩物):制备方法和规格
对精制的昆诺阿藜油(除臭,38.5千克)进行分子蒸馏步骤从而得到其不皂化馏分浓缩的精制昆诺阿藜油,进一步指定为昆诺阿藜油浓缩物(3.85千克,10%产率)。
其不皂化馏分浓缩的除臭精制昆诺阿藜油具有如下规格:
具有沉积物的黄色的混浊油;未发现痕量己烷。
过氧化物数目:1.43毫当量/千克;酸值:3.04毫克KOH/克。
脂肪酸组合物:C14 0.3%;C16 12.4%;C16’0.3%;C18 0.7%;C18’29.4%;C18”47.1%;C18”’7.7%;C20 0.3%;C20’0.9%;C22 0.3%;C22’0.6%;C24 0.1%。
总维生素E含量:58.7毫克/100克
α-维生素E的相对%:72.3%;β-维生素E的相对%:0.7%;γ-维生素E的相对%:23.1%;δ-维生素E的相对%:4.0%。
游离甾醇含量:0.4克/100克
总甾醇含量:7.73克/100克
菜油甾醇的相对%:5.57%;豆甾醇的相对%:3.4%;β-谷甾醇的相对%:26.84%;δ-5-燕麦甾醇的相对%:2.3%;δ-7-豆甾醇的相对%:39.48%;δ-7-燕麦甾醇的相对%:5.97%
角鲨烯含量:16.8克/100克
实施例3:昆诺阿藜肽和糖苷油:制备方法和规格
根据以下程序制备昆诺阿藜肽和糖苷提取物:
初始原材料:昆诺阿藜滤饼,基于干燥的材料重量含有10-12重量%蛋白质(DM=干燥材料)。对该昆诺阿藜滤饼进行碱性提取(调节pH至pH 10)。然后通过8kDa矿物膜(蛋白富集)对上清液进行超滤处理。接着,在酶水解步骤前对渗余物进行浓缩步骤。在55℃温度,pH为8下,用Prolyve 1000进行蛋白质的酶水解。在酶水解步骤的最后,通过热处理使酶失活。接着用8kDa矿物膜对水解产物进行超滤步骤的处理(回收滤液中的肽)。浓缩超滤液,然后任选地进行灭菌,0.2微米过滤和/或冻干处理。
肽和糖苷昆诺阿藜提取物具有如下的规格:
无防腐剂的橙黄色的粉末
粉剂组合物(%,重量/重量)
α-胺化氮(OPA,亮氨酸当量):13%±20%
蛋白质(双缩脲,BSA当量):27%±20%
总糖(蒽酮,葡萄糖当量):24%±20%
表5:肽和氨基酸的摩尔质量的分布概况
实施例4:其不皂化馏分浓缩的精制昆诺阿藜油(=昆诺阿藜油浓
缩物):生物活性
就真皮基质的不同参数评价在实施例2中获得的昆诺阿藜油浓缩物的效果:(a)对成纤维细胞的增值影响,(b)对真皮细胞外基质的影响:胶原I,胶原III和弹性蛋白的基因表达,(c)对真皮的机械扩张的影响:对来自红色肥胖造成的纹的成纤维细胞发展的等长力的影响。
材料和方法:
a.真皮成纤维细胞增殖研究
MTT[3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基-溴化四氮唑]试验是测试细胞生存能力的比色试验。MTT是黄色的水溶性四氮唑盐,新陈代谢活性细胞能够将其还原为蓝色甲月替结晶。
在D0,成纤维细胞密布在96孔板的含1%SVF的RPMI介质中。对于D1,用在含1%SVF、0.005%和0.01%干燥材料(DM)的RPMI介质中或含10%SVF(阳性对照)的RPMI介质中的昆诺阿藜油浓缩物处理细胞24和48小时。
在处理的最后,用MTT测试定量细胞生存能力:在与MTT接触3小时后,形成的甲月替晶体用DMSO溶解,在570纳米读取相对于空白(无细胞的孔)的与新陈代谢活性的,因而活的,细胞的量成比例的光密度。
b.昆诺阿藜肽对于通过RT-PCR的胶原I和胶原III和弹性蛋白的基
因编码表达的影响的研究
b.1.实时定量PCR的原理
实时定量PCR或QRT-PCR(定量实时多聚酶链反应)是能够特定和定量测量放大的目的基因表达的分子生物方法。定量基于使用报告系统,SYBR Green技术追踪基因的实时放大:插在双链DNA内的具有荧光性能的分子。PCR在连续的温度循环中根据如下3个步骤发生:
-变性:2DNA链的分离。
-杂交:通过特定引物识别对应于靶基因的DNA序列。
-延伸:通过聚合酶的作用进行目的序列的延伸。
在反应的最后,通过分析“阈值循环”(Ct=荧光初始信号统计学上显著高于背景噪声的点)完成定量。比较指数部分的DNA量,DNA量增加的时间段与初始基质量成比例。
b.2.步骤:
在D0,成纤维细胞密布在6孔板的加入了10%SVF的RPMI介质中。在D1,用5纳克/毫升的TGFβ1或者用在包含1%SVF的RPMI介质中含0.005%和0.01%DM的昆诺阿藜油浓缩物处理成纤维细胞48小时。在细胞处理的最后,提取总DNA(提取试剂盒RNeasy试剂盒MiniKit;Qiagen),然后通过Experion系统(Experion RNA StdSens试剂盒;Biorad)定量分析minichips。然后将总RNA逆转录为cDNA(iScript cDNA合成试剂盒;Biorad)。最后,通过使用靶序列的特定引物将相对于目的基因(胶原I,胶原III,弹性蛋白)或参考基因(HPRT,GAPDH,YWHAZ,β肌动蛋白=标准化基因)新合成的cDNA用实时PCR(iQ5,Biorad)选择放大。
在相同的样品中分析参考基因的表达,该样品用于评价目的基因表达,从而使结果标准化,并确定它们实际上是通过昆诺阿藜油浓缩物的处理作用的结果。
b.3.结果分析:
相对于最稳定的参考基因标准化结果(根据geNorm算法):DCt=目的基因Ct-最稳定的参考基因Ct。
然后根据以下公式计算在处理过程中目的基因复制数目的变化:DDCt=对照DCt-处理DCt。
最后,通过如下公式获得目的基因的相对量和表达水平,其通过在未处理和处理样品中的参考基因的表达水平标准化:QR=2DDCt
c.评价来自红色肥胖造成的纹的成纤维细胞带来的等长力的影响
由产生的称作《收缩力》或《等长力》的力表示其中包括成纤维细胞的胶原凝胶的机械抑制。
晶格在由8个直角容器组成的培养皿中生长。在每个直角容器中,浸入两个弹性硅刀片,其较低部分由在聚合过程中晶格附着其上的网格组成。在两个刀片间晶格生长,从而得到在中心略微缩小的直角形。在常规机械学中该形状被称为线轴(bobbin)形状。在这些刀片的上部配备有用沉积在其表面的金线覆盖的应变计量系统。在由成纤维细胞引起的收缩力的影响下,硅刀片变形。这可由通过惠斯通电桥测量的应变计量表的电阻值的变化表示。该变化显示了通过PC采集卡和合适的软件包实时测量的晶格中形成的力。
c.2.制备等效拉紧真皮并测量等长力
通过混合如下物质制备用于得到晶格的介质:含有3体积鼠尾胶原I的6体积培养基(2毫克/毫升)和1体积细胞悬浮液(8.105细胞/毫升)。将混合物倒入GlaSbox的直角容器中。在37℃下的数分钟内,形成凝胶。加入包含或不包含活性成分的不同介质。测量等长力48小时。在处理的最后,胶原晶格分离并消化在胶原酶溶液中。在37℃下培育2小时后,计算每个胶原晶格中的细胞。将力表示为处理48小时后的细胞数目。
c.3.统计分析:将值表示为平均分布的平均数±标准误差(sem)。进行A2因子变化分析。
结果
a.成纤维细胞的增殖:通过含0.005和0.01%DM的昆诺阿藜油浓缩物处理成纤维细胞,以剂量依赖方式显著刺激增殖(在处理48小时后,相对于未进行任何处理的对照分别增长+17和+23%)。
表6:在昆诺阿藜油浓缩物存在下对成纤维细胞的增殖的研究
b.胶原I的表达:在用5纳克/毫升的TGF-β1培育48小时后,通过定量PCR(Q-PCR)进行胶原I的mRNA的表达动力学的定量分析。所得结果表明胶原I的基因表达的显著诱导(表7)。昆诺阿藜油浓缩物也以剂量依赖方式刺激了胶原I的表达(+58和+67%)。
平均dCt | ddCt | QR | 诱导% | |
对照 | -2.3 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
5纳克/毫升的TGFβ | -3.2 | 0.9 | 1.87 | 87 |
昆诺阿藜油浓缩物(0.005%) | 2.96 | 0.66 | 1.58 | 58 |
昆诺阿藜油浓缩物(0.01%) | -3.04 | 0.74 | 1.67 | 67 |
表7:胶原I的基因表达的研究
c.胶原III的表达:另外,分析了昆诺阿藜油浓缩物对于胶原III的基因表达的影响。显示在表8中的结果表明,胶原III的基因表达显著增加(+92和+62%)。
平均dCt | ddCt | QR | 诱导% | |
对照 | 4.92 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
5纳克/毫升的TGFβ | 2.51 | 2.4 | 5.27 | 427 |
昆诺阿藜油浓缩物(0.005%) | 3.97 | 0.94 | 1.92 | 92 |
昆诺阿藜油浓缩物(0.01%) | 4.22 | 0.69 | 1.61 | 62 |
表8:胶原III的基因表达的研究
d.弹性蛋白的表达:昆诺阿藜油浓缩物的影响还显示在弹性蛋白的基因表达上(表9),与未进行任何处理的对照相比,诱导了+96和+67%。
dCt | ddCt | QR | 诱导% | |
对照 | 4.58 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
5纳克/毫升的TGFβ | 2.16 | 2.4 | 5.35 | 435 |
昆诺阿藜油浓缩物(0.005%) | 3.61 | 0.97 | 1.96 | 96 |
昆诺阿藜油浓缩物(0.01%) | 3.84 | 0.74 | 1.67 | 67 |
表9:弹性蛋白的基因表达研究
如图2所示,在培育1小时30分钟后,向培养基中加入0.01%昆诺阿藜油浓缩物显著降低了成纤维细胞或红色肥胖造成的纹的引起的收缩力,且直至第36小时。在该研究中获得的曲线由3个不同阶段组成:
-阶段I:培育的最初两个小时,等长力保持较弱。该阶段对应于胶原凝胶的聚合。
-阶段II:等长力准线性增加直至最大值,在培育的最初6至8个小时具有平均值。该阶段对应于成纤维细胞延伸和粘着至胶原纤维所需的时间。
-阶段III:在培育的时间段中保持等长力。该阶段对应于成纤维细胞的胶原基质的重排并对应于整合素α2β1的表达的增加。
昆诺阿藜油浓缩物具有随时间保持的松弛效果,因为其降低了在曲线的阶段II和阶段III的过程中来自红色肥胖造成的纹的成纤维细胞引起的等长力。
图2:在培育48小时的过程中,在系统中等效拉紧真皮内发展的收缩力(B)(A:最初6小时的详情)(平均±sem),有或无昆诺阿藜油浓缩物的存在(QI102).(*p<0.05;**p<0.01和***p<0.001对FS[健康成纤维细胞];#p<0.05和##p<0.01对FVR[红色肥胖造成的纹的成纤维细胞])。
结论
这里显示的调查有可能表明昆诺阿藜油浓缩物对控制真皮组织的作用。实际上,其显示了昆诺阿藜油浓缩物引起:(a)刺激成纤维细胞的增殖,(b)诱导成纤维细胞的胶原I,胶原III和弹性蛋白的表达;(c)改变红色肥胖造成的纹的成纤维细胞的机械性能:短暂和长期松弛效应。
通过刺激细胞外基质的不同组分的合成,在变化(老化,受攻击的皮肤,肥胖造成的纹,疤痕......)时昆诺阿藜油浓缩物对恢复和调节真皮体内平衡起重要作用。
实施例5:肽和糖苷昆诺阿藜提取物(=昆诺阿藜肽):生物活性
根据起初涉及皮肤上皮再形成的2个机理,评价在实施例3中获得的昆诺阿藜肽的活性(在两个浓度下评价:0.05%DM和0.1%DM):
-角质化细胞的迁移:(i)评价对包含层粘连蛋白5的基因的表达的影响,(ii)评价对MMP-9表达和合成的影响,以及(iii)评价对角质化细胞迁移的功能影响
-角质化细胞的增殖:(i)评价对角质化细胞的增殖的影响,(ii)评价对成纤维细胞的KGF的合成的影响。
材料和方法
a.昆诺阿藜肽对于通过PT-PCR的层粘连蛋白5和PPM-9的基因编
码表达的影响的研究
-实时定量PCR的原理:参照实施例4
-步骤:
在0天,角质化细胞密布在24孔板的KGM-2介质中。在D1,用5纳克/毫升的TGFβ1或含0.05和0.1%DM的昆诺阿藜肽处理细胞48小时。在细胞处理的最后,提取总RNA(RNeasy MiniKit提取试剂盒;Qiagen),然后通过Experion系统(Experion RNA StdSens试剂盒;Biorad)定量分析minichips。然后将总RNA逆转录为cDNA(iScript cDNA合成试剂盒;Biorad)。最后,通过使用靶序列的特定引物将相对于目的基因(构成层粘连蛋白5的3个链:α2β3δ2和MMP-9的基因编码)或参考基因(HPRT,GAPDH,YWHAZ,β肌动蛋白=标准化基因)新合成的cDNA用实时PCR(iQ5,Biorad)选择放大。
在相同的样品中分析参考基因的表达,该样品用于评价目的基因表达,从而使结果标准化,并确定它们实际上是通过昆诺阿藜肽的处理作用的结果。
-结果分析:加过相对于最稳定基因进行标准化,参照实施例4。
b.-角质化细胞的迁移的研究
用胶原I涂布塑料培养载体,用明胶涂布对照载体(明胶迁移明显小于天然胶原)。角质化细胞密布在涂布的皿中,在37℃,5%二氧化碳下培育6小时后除去非贴壁细胞。然后用包含或不包含0.1%昆诺阿藜肽的介质取代培养基。在培育一夜后,通过用丝裂霉素C的溶液培育2小时阻断细胞分裂。在细胞丛上生成人造的可再生疤痕,在清洗后重新开始所述处理。在48小时后,固定细胞,用来自Hoechst的荧光染料标记细胞核。
每天获取数字图像。在瞬时D0(能够选择人工疤痕)捕获的图像和在D2捕获的“Hoechst”图像(能够计数迁移细胞的数目)之间进行角质化细胞迁移的分析。
c.通过MTT方法的角质化细胞增殖的研究
在D0,角质化细胞密布在KGM2介质中1天,用1μM的反式-维生素A酸(ATRA)或者含0.05%和0.1%DM的昆诺阿藜肽处理细胞24和48小时。在处理的最后,用MTT测试定量细胞生存能力:在与MTT接触3小时后,形成的甲月替晶体用DMSO溶解,在570纳米读取相对于空白(无任何细胞的孔)的与新陈代谢活性细胞,因而活细胞的量成比例的光密度。
d.由角质化细胞分泌的MMP-9的剂量。
将角质化细胞密布在24孔板中,在37℃,5%的二氧化碳下培育24小时后,用含0.05%和0.01%DM的昆诺阿藜肽处理细胞。测试为5纳克/毫升的TGFβ用作阳性对照。在处理48和72小时后,根据由提供者推荐的程序,采用ELISAkit(R & D系统)在培养上清液中分析由细胞分泌的MMP-9的量。平行地,通过比色中性红测试确定每个孔中的活性细胞的量:在570纳米读取与活性细胞的量成比例的光密度OD。
以活性细胞表示MMP-9的量:(纳克/毫升)/OD570MTT。
e.成纤维细胞分泌的KGF的剂量
将成纤维细胞密布在24孔板的含1%SVF的RPMI中,在37℃,5%的二氧化碳下培育24小时后,用含0.05%和0.01%DM的昆诺阿藜肽处理细胞。100纳克/毫升的IL1α(Sigma)用作阳性对照。在处理24和48小时后,根据由提供者推荐的程序,采用ELISAkit(R & D系统)分析由成纤维细胞盐化的KGF的量。平行地,通过比色中性红测试确定每个孔中的活性细胞的量:在570纳米读取与活性细胞的量成比例的光密度OD。平行地,通过MTT比色测试确定每个孔中的活性细胞的量:在570纳米读取与活性细胞的量成比例的光密度OD。
KGF的量用活性细胞表示:皮克/毫升/OD570MTT。
f.统计:通过Student t检验评价结果的含义。
结果
a.层粘连蛋白5的异源三体α3β3δ2的表达
上皮再形成过程的基因控制包括数个转录或生长因子,特别是在损伤后的第一瞬时过程中释放的TGF-β1。在上皮再形成的生理状态下,表明TGF-β1刺激层粘连蛋白5的表达。为了接近生理状态,生长因子用作阳性对照从而研究该蛋白质的基因表达。
在用5纳克/毫升的TGF-β1培育48小时后,通过定量PCR-Q-PCR完成构成层粘连蛋白5的不同链的mRNA的表达的动力学定量分析。所得结果表明3个调查基因的表达的非常显著的诱导(p<0.01),对于α3,诱导因子达到12,对于±γ2,诱导因子达到17(表10:A/B/C)。mRNAβ3也在5倍的较低水平下诱导。
调查了昆诺阿藜肽对构成层粘连蛋白5的3个基因表达的潜在关联。所得结果显示,昆诺阿藜肽以剂量依赖方式显著刺激基因表达,诱导因子对于α3链达到3,对于β3链达到2,对于γ2链达到2.6。
平均dCt | 标准偏差 | p | ddCt | QR | 诱导% | |
对照 | 1.435 | 0.659 | 0.00 | 1.00 | ||
5纳克/毫升的TGFβ | -0.944 | 0.664 | p<0.01 | 3.69 | 12.93 | 1193 |
昆诺阿藜肽0.05% | 0.446 | 0.685 | p<0.01 | 1.49 | 2.82 | 182 |
昆诺阿藜肽0.1% | 0.466 | 0.578 | p<0.01 | 1.64 | 3.12 | 212 |
表10A:层粘连蛋白5的α-3链的基因表达
平均dCt | 标准偏差 | p | ddCt | QR | 诱导% | |
对照 | 1.435 | 0.659 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
5纳克/毫升的TGFβ | -0.944 | 0.664 | p<0.01 | 2.38 | 5.20 | 420 |
昆诺阿藜肽0.05% | 0.446 | 0.685 | p<0.01 | 0.99 | 1.98 | 98 |
昆诺阿藜肽0.1% | 0.466 | 0.578 | p<0.01 | 0.97 | 1.96 | 96 |
表10B:层粘连蛋白5的β-3链的基因表达
平均dCt | 标准偏差 | p | ddCt | QR | 诱导% |
对照 | 2.225 | 0.418 | 0.00 | 1.00 | ||
5纳克/毫升的TGFβ | -1.925 | 0.453 | p<0.01 | 4.15 | 17.76 | 1676 |
昆诺阿藜肽0.05% | 1.502 | 0.489 | p<0.01 | 0.72 | 1.65 | 65 |
昆诺阿藜肽0.1% | 0.839 | 0.336 | p<0.01 | 1.39 | 2.61 | 161 |
表10C:层粘连蛋白5的γ-2链的基因表达
表10:构成层粘连蛋白5的3个链的基因表达
b.MMP-9表达的研究
在涉及上皮再形成的基质蛋白酶中,MMP-9起着特别重要的作用。MMP-9肯定是由TGF-β1和前发炎细胞因子控制的,但是其也由迁移角质化细胞表达在伤口位置上。
如表11中所示,对Q-PCR结果的分析使得在由TGF-β刺激48小时后,能够用待观察的因子8较早诱导MMP-9基因的表达。通过使用该模型,昆诺阿藜肽对角质化细胞迁移的影响也通过它们对MMP-9基因表达的作用得以显示。因此,通过相对于未进行处理的对照的因子2.6,昆诺阿藜肽显著刺激MMP-9的表达。
平均dCt | 标准偏差 | p | ddCt | QR | 诱导% | |
对照 | 6.08 | 0.84 | 0.00 | 1.00 | ||
5纳克/毫升的TGFβ | 3.07 | 0.55 | p<0.01 | 3.01 | 8 | 807 |
昆诺阿藜肽0.05% | 5.06 | 0.57 | p<0.01 | 1.02 | 2 | 100 |
昆诺阿藜肽0.1% | 4.68 | 0.74 | p<0.01 | 1.4 | 2.63 | 163 |
表11:MMP-9基因表达的研究
c.制备MMP-9蛋白质的研究
调查了在昆诺阿藜肽的存在下MMP-9的基因表达的概况,可以证实的是基因表达的诱导也增加了蛋白质的分泌。因而评价了在处理48和72小时后,昆诺阿藜肽对通过角质化细胞的MMP-9的合成和分泌的影响。结果示于表12中。因此,昆诺阿藜肽显著提高了通过角质化细胞分泌的MMP-9的量(提高范围达到55%)。
*纳克/毫升/OD中性红;A=增加
表12:在角质化细胞的上清液中的MMP-9蛋白质的剂量
d.评价昆诺阿藜肽对角质化细胞的迁移的功能影响
在人造疤痕上阻断细胞增殖后评价昆诺阿藜肽对角质化细胞的迁移的功能影响。
显示用昆诺阿藜肽处理的细胞的图片与未处理细胞的图片的视觉比较提供的结论为昆诺阿藜肽促进细胞迁移:在用昆诺阿藜肽处理的细胞的人造疤痕中存在更多的角质化细胞。在角质化细胞的迁移中的该增加可以通过计数在人造伤口中迁移细胞的数目加以定量。因此,昆诺阿藜肽使得角质化细胞的迁移增加了+67%。
c.昆诺阿藜肽对于角质化细胞的增殖的影响
为了证实昆诺阿藜肽与角质化细胞的增值(=上皮再形成机理的第二步骤)是否相关,进行细胞生存能力MTT测试,从而评价昆诺阿藜肽对细胞增殖的直接作用。如表13所示,用阳性对照的反式-维生素A酸(ATRA)处理,诱导+36%的增值率。以相同的方式,在0.05和0.1%DM测试的昆诺阿藜肽非常显著地刺激角质化细胞的增殖,增长为+20%。
平均OD570(MTT) | 标准偏差 | 增殖% | Student t检验 | |
负控制 | 1.003 | 0.050 | 100 | p<0.01 |
1μM的ATRA | 1.361 | 0.140 | 136 | p<0.01 |
昆诺阿藜肽0.05% | 1.156 | 0.075 | 115 | p<0.01 |
昆诺阿藜肽0.1% | 1.201 | 0.071 | 120 | p<0.01 |
表13:角质化细胞的增殖
f.通过成纤维细胞合成KGF的研究
在上皮再形成过程中,在由角质化细胞或由真皮的成纤维细胞分泌的很多因子的影响下进行角质化细胞增殖过程:KGF的制备(角质化细胞生长因子)。在应答由成纤维细胞过度表达的KGF时,角质化细胞繁殖并因此更快速地覆盖损伤。在处理24和48小时后,评价昆诺阿藜肽对由真皮成纤维细胞的该因子的分泌的影响。在表14中,证实了在IL1α的存在下KGF的合成增加。另一方面,用0.05和0.1%DM测试的昆诺阿藜肽非常显著地刺激由成纤维细胞分泌KGF。该刺激是剂量依赖的,且在处理24小时后非常显著(与未进行任何处理的对照相比增加5和7倍)。
*皮克/毫升/OD中性红;A=增加
表14:KGF在成纤维细胞的上清液中的剂量
结论:此处呈现的全部研究提供了昆诺阿藜肽在表皮愈合中的作用的实证。通过刺激这两个过程,昆诺阿藜肽能够有效并快速的修复皮肤的完整性。
Claims (21)
2、根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述昆诺阿藜谷物提取物为肽和糖苷提取物。
3、根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其特征在于所述肽和糖苷提取物由25至90重量%的肽和10至50重量%的糖组成,所述百分比均表示为相对于所述肽提取物的总重量。
4、根据权利要求2至3中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于通过包含以下连续步骤的方法获得所述肽和糖苷提取物:
a)由昆诺阿藜谷物开始,提取原油和滤饼,并回收所述滤饼;
b)用水或水/醇混合物洗涤所述滤饼从而仅保留蛋白质部分,然后
c)溶解所述蛋白质;
d)浓缩所述蛋白质,然后将所述蛋白质水解为肽;
e)纯化并回收所述肽提取物。
6、根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于所述脂质提取物为不皂化物,所述不皂化物具有如下规格:
7、一种用于制备昆诺阿藜肽和糖苷提取物的方法,该方法包括以下连续步骤:
a)由昆诺阿藜谷物开始,提取原油和滤饼,并回收所述滤饼;
b)用水或水/醇混合物洗涤所述滤饼从而仅保留蛋白质部分,然后
c)溶解所述蛋白质;
d)浓缩所述蛋白质,然后将所述蛋白质水解为肽;
e)纯化并回收所述肽提取物。
8、根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于在浓缩蛋白质(步骤d)之前,除去纤维。
9、一种用于制备具有如权利要求1中所限定的规格的精制昆诺阿藜油的方法,该方法包括化学精制昆诺阿藜原油的步骤。
10、一种用于制备在其不皂化馏分浓缩的昆诺阿藜油的方法,该方法包括分子蒸馏精制的昆诺阿藜油的步骤。
11、根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于使用选自离心型分子蒸馏器或具有刮擦薄膜型的分子设备的设备进行分子蒸馏步骤。
12、一种用于制备昆诺阿藜不皂化物的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:皂化在其不皂化馏分浓缩的昆诺阿藜油,然后用合适的溶剂提取所述不皂化物。
14、根据权利要求13所述的用途,其特征在于所述皮肤病学组合物或者功能食品意在预防和治疗皮肤和/或粘膜和/或未成熟的、正常的或成熟的外皮的过敏,发炎,刺激性疾病或反应或者屏障或体内平衡的病症。
15、一种包含富含其不皂化馏分的精制昆诺阿藜油的食品。
16、根据权利要求5所述的组合物,该组合物用于预防和/或治疗与皮组织相关的病症。
17、根据权利要求16所述的组合物,其中所述病症选自皮肤老化、肥胖造成的纹或深部伤口。
18、根据权利要求16所述的组合物,该组合物用于促进愈合。
19、根据权利要求16所述的组合物,该组合物用于预防和/或治疗真皮的皮下萎缩。
20、根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的组合物,该组合物用于促进愈合。
21、根据权利要求20所述的组合物,该组合物用于预防和/或治疗选自以下的疾病或状况:表面疤痕、脆弱的唇和唇炎、皮肤老化、肥胖造成的纹、螫伤后皮肤、皮肤擦伤、皮肤斑点和/或硬皮、或脆弱和敏感皮肤。
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FR0656001A FR2910815B1 (fr) | 2006-12-28 | 2006-12-28 | Composition comprenant un extrait de graines de quinoa |
PCT/EP2007/064623 WO2008080974A1 (fr) | 2006-12-28 | 2007-12-28 | Composition comprenant un extrait de graines de quinoa, utilisation dermatologique |
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CN101573129B (zh) | 2012-02-22 |
US9125879B2 (en) | 2015-09-08 |
WO2008080974A1 (fr) | 2008-07-10 |
AU2007341237A1 (en) | 2008-07-10 |
ES2393413T3 (es) | 2012-12-21 |
EP2124982A1 (fr) | 2009-12-02 |
MX2009007088A (es) | 2009-07-08 |
JP2010514740A (ja) | 2010-05-06 |
FR2910815B1 (fr) | 2010-10-29 |
AU2007341237B2 (en) | 2013-05-09 |
US20100136144A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
BRPI0720863A2 (pt) | 2014-03-04 |
CA2673990C (fr) | 2016-04-12 |
KR20090092841A (ko) | 2009-09-01 |
JP5220761B2 (ja) | 2013-06-26 |
HK1132466A1 (en) | 2010-02-26 |
FR2942960A1 (fr) | 2010-09-17 |
EP2124982B1 (fr) | 2012-08-22 |
CA2673990A1 (fr) | 2008-07-10 |
FR2910815A1 (fr) | 2008-07-04 |
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