CN101564925B - 高阻隔性的层压体 - Google Patents
高阻隔性的层压体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101564925B CN101564925B CN200910137331.9A CN200910137331A CN101564925B CN 101564925 B CN101564925 B CN 101564925B CN 200910137331 A CN200910137331 A CN 200910137331A CN 101564925 B CN101564925 B CN 101564925B
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- nylon
- polyamide
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- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 title abstract description 31
- -1 carbodiimide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 51
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- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- FDLQZKYLHJJBHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC(CN)=C1 FDLQZKYLHJJBHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
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- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical group C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWLXTFFHCFWCGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heneicosanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O PWLXTFFHCFWCGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
一种具有热塑性树脂层I和聚酰胺树脂层II的层压体,所述聚酰胺树脂层II含有尼龙11和/或尼龙12。所述热塑性树脂层I含有100重量份的聚酰胺树脂组合物A和0.1-10重量份的具有两个或两个以上碳二亚胺基的碳二亚胺化合物B。以成分a-1和成分a-2的总重量为基准,所述聚酰胺树脂组合物A含有5-95重量%的具有二胺单元和二羧酸单元的聚酰胺树脂(a-1)和95-5重量%的尼龙11和/或尼龙12(a-2),所述二胺单元的70摩尔%或70摩尔%以上来自于间苯二甲胺,所述二羧酸单元的70摩尔%或70摩尔%以上来自于碳原子数为4-20的α,ω-直链脂肪族二羧酸。该层压体具有优异的阻隔性能、抗剥离性能和机械性能(如强度、冲击强度和伸长率),特别是对含醇燃料具有优异的阻隔性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及阻隔性能、抗剥离性能和机械性能(如强度、冲击强度和伸长率)优异的层压体,本发明更具体地涉及高阻隔性的层压体,该层压体特别适合作为用于制备与含醇燃料接触的容器、管道和零件的材料。
背景技术
由于能够减轻重量、不需要进行防锈处理、形状的自由度高、减少加工步骤,而且制备过程全自动,因此燃料贮存系统的容器或管道由各种树脂材料制成。特别地,各种汽车零件(例如,管道、软管以及与燃料相关的零件)由聚酰胺(例如,尼龙11和尼龙12)制成。由于聚酰胺重量轻、不生锈并且对普通汽油具有良好的燃料阻隔特性(fuel-barrier property),集燃料贮存应用所需要的各种特性于一身,因而聚酰胺得到广泛地应用。
近来,由于降低汽油资源的消耗和保护环境方面的需求,开始考虑使用添加了醇(例如,乙醇)的汽油的混合燃料。但是,由于聚酰胺对醇的阻隔作用较低,混合汽油在聚酰胺中的渗透量为普通汽油的渗透量的50-60倍。因此,聚酰胺不能充分满足今后越发严格的规定,并迫切需要一种具有更高的阻隔性能的材料。
通过添加聚碳化二亚胺可以提高热塑性树脂的耐热性能(JP 2-175757A)是已知的。还已知通过添加脂肪族碳二亚胺化合物可以改善聚酰胺的耐水解性、耐油性及耐金属卤化物的性能(JP 11-343408A)。但是,这些专利文献中均没有记载对于燃料阻隔性能、抗剥离性能以及机械性能(如强度、冲击强度和伸长率)方面的改进。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种阻隔性能、抗剥离性能和机械性能(如强度、冲击强度和伸长率)优异的层压体,特别是提供一种具有高的阻隔性能和强度的层压体,所述阻隔性能和强度足以使该层压体作为用于制备与含醇的燃料接触的容器、管道和零件的的材料。
本发明人为了达到上述目的而进行深入研究后,发现通过向含有阻隔性聚酰胺和尼龙的特定的聚酰胺树脂组合物中加入碳二亚胺化合物,能够提高具有间亚二甲苯基骨架的阻隔性聚酰胺与尼龙的相容性,并且由具有聚酰胺树脂组合物层和尼龙层的层压体实现了上述目的。本发明就是在这一发现的基础之上而完成的。
因此,本发明是关于一种层压体,该层压体包括热塑性树脂层I和聚酰胺树脂层II,所述聚酰胺树脂层II含有尼龙11和/或尼龙12,所述热塑性树脂层I含有100重量份的聚酰胺树脂组合物A和0.1-10重量份的碳二亚胺化合物B,所述碳二亚胺化合物B具有两个或两个以上碳二亚胺基,所述聚酰胺树脂组合物A含有成分a-1和成分a-2,以成分a-1和成分a-2的总重量为基准,成分a-1的量为5-95重量%,成分a-2的量为95-5重量%,所述成分a-1为由二胺单元和二羧酸单元构成的聚酰胺树脂,所述二胺单元的70摩尔%或70摩尔%以上来自于间苯二甲胺,所述二羧酸单元的70摩尔%或70摩尔%以上来自于碳原子数为4-20的α,ω-直链脂肪族二羧酸,所述成分a-2为尼龙11和/或尼龙12。本发明还涉及使用该层压体制得的燃料管。
本发明使用的热塑性树脂组合物是通过在所述碳二亚胺化合物的存在下,将具有间亚二甲苯基骨架的阻隔性聚酰胺与具有能够与碳二亚胺基反应的官能团的尼龙11和/或尼龙12熔融捏合(melt-kneading)而制得的。通过这样的熔融捏合,所述阻隔性聚酰胺与尼龙11和/或尼龙12通过该碳二亚胺化合物而彼此键合,或者,所述阻隔性聚酰胺以及尼龙11和/或尼龙12分别与所述碳二亚胺化合物反应,从而提高所述阻隔性聚酰胺与尼龙11和/或尼龙12的相容性。因此,实现了将具有间亚二甲苯基骨架的阻隔性聚酰胺与具有优异的柔韧性和冲击强度的尼龙11和/或尼龙12均匀地熔融捏合,这在以往是很难做到的。由此得到的热塑性树脂组合物具有优异的阻隔性能和强度。此外,该热塑性树脂组合物对尼龙11和/或尼龙12的粘附力高,从而提供了同样具有优异的剥离强度和冲击强度的层压体。
因此,本发明的层压体具有优异的阻隔性能、抗剥离性能和机械性能(如强度、冲击强度和伸长率),特别是对于含醇燃料具有优异的阻隔性能,并且适合于制备用于燃料系统的各种形状的制品(例如,燃料容器、管道和零件)。
具体实施方式
用于形成层I(热塑性树脂组合物层)的聚酰胺树脂组合物的第一组分为聚酰胺树脂(a-1)。所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)含有二胺结构单元(来自于二胺的结构单元)和二羧酸结构单元(来自于二羧酸的结构单元),所述二胺结构单元的70摩尔%或70摩尔%以上,优选80摩尔%或80摩尔%以上(均包括100摩尔%)来自于间苯二甲胺,所述二羧酸结构单元的70摩尔%或70摩尔%以上,优选80摩尔%或80摩尔%以上(均包括100摩尔%)来自于碳原子数为4-20的α,ω-直链脂肪族二羧酸。
所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)是通过使二胺组分与二羧酸组分进行缩聚而制得的,所述二胺组分的70摩尔%或70摩尔%以上,优选80摩尔%或80摩尔%以上(均包括100摩尔%)为间苯二甲胺,所述二羧酸组分的70摩尔%或70摩尔%以上,优选80摩尔%或80摩尔%以上(均包括100摩尔%)为碳原子数为4-20的α,ω-直链脂肪族二羧酸。
用于制备所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)的二胺组分的例子除间苯二甲胺以外,还包括:脂肪族二胺,例如丁二胺、戊二胺、2-甲基戊二胺、己二胺、庚二胺、辛二胺、壬二胺、癸二胺、十二亚甲基二胺、2,2,4-三甲基己二胺和2,4,4-三甲基己二胺;脂环族二胺,例如1,3-双(氨甲基)环己烷、1,4-双(氨甲基)环己烷、1,3-二氨基环己烷、1,4-二氨基环己烷、双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷、2,2-双(4-氨基环己基)丙烷、双(氨甲基)十氢化萘(包括其结构同分异构体)和双(氨甲基)三环癸烷(包括其结构同分异构体);以及具有芳香环的二胺类,例如双(4-氨苯基)醚、对苯二胺、对苯二甲胺、双(氨甲基)萘(包括其结构同分异构体)。上述除间苯二甲胺以外的二胺可以单独使用,也可以将两种或两种以上的上述二胺结合使用。
碳原子数为4-20的α,ω-直链脂肪族二羧酸的例子包括脂肪族二羧酸,例如,琥珀酸、戊二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、己二酸、癸二酸、十一烷二酸和十二烷二酸,其中,优选己二酸。上述二羧酸可以单独使用,也可以将两种或两种以上的上述二羧酸结合使用。
所述二羧酸结构单元可以包括来自于间苯二甲酸的结构单元,其含量优选为30摩尔%或30摩尔%以下(包括零),更优选为0-25摩尔%,进一步优选为5-20摩尔%。与所述二羧酸结构单元只含有来自于碳原子数为4-20的α,ω-直链脂肪族二羧酸的单元的聚酰胺树脂相比,含有来自于间苯二甲酸的单元的聚酰胺树脂的熔点更低,并能在更低的温度下成型,从而能够降低制备能耗,并缩短成型周期。此外,由于熔体粘度增高,避免了树脂的收缩(draw down),提高了树脂的成型性能。但是,含有这种聚酰胺树脂的热塑性树脂组合物的阻隔性能降低了。
除了所述碳原子数为4-20的α,ω-直链脂肪族二羧酸和间苯二甲酸以外的二羧酸的例子包括:苯二甲酸化合物,例如对苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸;萘二甲酸异构体,例如1,2-萘二甲酸、1,3-萘二甲酸、1,4-萘二甲酸、1,5-萘二甲酸、1,6-萘二甲酸、1,7-萘二甲酸、1,8-萘二甲酸、2,3-萘二甲酸、2,6-萘二甲酸和2,7-萘二甲酸;一元羧酸,例如苯甲酸、丙酸和丁酸;多元羧酸,例如偏苯三酸和均苯四甲酸;以及羧酸酐,例如偏苯三酸酐和均苯四甲酸酐。
所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)是通过将含有70摩尔%或70摩尔%以上的间苯二甲胺的二胺组分与含有70摩尔%或70摩尔%以上的碳原子数为4-20的α,ω-直链脂肪族二羧酸的二羧酸组分进行缩聚而制备的。该制备方法没有特别的限定,可以使用公知的方法,例如,常压熔融聚合法和加压熔融聚合法。例如,可以通过如下方法制备所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1):在水的存在下,将间苯二甲胺-己二酸尼龙盐,或者间苯二甲胺-己二酸-间苯二甲酸尼龙盐在加压下进行加热,然后,所述尼龙盐在熔融状态进行缩聚,同时除去加入的水及由所述缩合反应生成的水;或者,也可以通过如下方法制备所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1):向处于熔融状态的己二酸、或者己二酸和间苯二甲酸的混合物中直接添加间苯二甲胺,然后在常压下进行缩聚。在第二种方法中,为了不使所述反应体系固化,连续加入间苯二甲胺以加热所述反应体系,从而保持反应温度不低于生成的酰胺低聚物的熔点和聚酰胺的熔点。
在不损害制备的聚酰胺树脂的性能的前提下,可以向用于制备所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)的缩聚反应体系中加入:内酰胺,例如ε-己内酰胺、ω-十二内酰胺和ω-庚内酰胺;以及氨基酸,例如6-氨基己酸、7-氨基庚酸、11-氨基十一烷酸、12-氨基十二烷酸、9-氨基壬酸和对氨甲基苯甲酸。
可以对所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)进行热处理以提高熔体粘度。所述热处理的方法可以为例如:为了进行结晶而又不引起熔融,使用间歇式加热装置(例如:旋转鼓(rotary drum)),在惰性气氛中或减压下,在水的存在下将所述聚酰胺树脂缓慢加热,并进行结晶同时避免熔融,然后对结晶的聚酰胺进一步进行热处理的方法;使用槽型搅拌加热装置(grooved stirring heater),在惰性气氛中对所述聚酰胺树脂进行加热和结晶,然后使用斗式加热装置(hopper heater),在惰性气氛中对结晶的聚酰胺树脂进一步进行热处理的方法;或者,使用槽型搅拌加热装置,使所述聚酰胺树脂结晶,然后使用间歇式加热装置(例如:旋转鼓等)对结晶的聚酰胺进行热处理的方法,其中,优选使用间歇式加热装置来进行结晶和热处理的方法。优选地,在如下条件下进行所述热处理:通过在水的存在下,在0.5-4小时内将熔融聚合得到的聚酰胺树脂从70℃加热至120℃而进行结晶,所述水的量为所述熔融聚合得到的聚酰胺树脂的1-30重量%,然后,在惰性气氛中或减压下,在“所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)的熔点-50℃(Mp-50℃)”至“所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)的熔点-10℃(Mp-10℃)”的温度下对该结晶的聚酰胺树脂进行1-12小时的热处理。
所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)的熔点优选为160-240℃,更优选为170-235℃,进一步优选为180-230℃。
所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)的玻璃化点优选为80-130℃。当玻璃化点为80℃或更高时,即使在高温下也能得到高的阻隔性能。
优选使用端氨基浓度低于40微当量/克(μeq/g)(优选为10-30μeq/g),且端羧基浓度为40-100μeq/g的聚酰胺树脂(a-1)。当所述端氨基浓度和端羧基浓度处于上述范围之内时,得到的阻隔层(层I)不会发黄。
为了提高熔融成型操作时的加工稳定性或者防止不希望的变色,所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)可以含有磷化合物。所述磷化合物优选为含有碱金属或碱土金属的磷化合物。这些化合物的例子包括钠、镁和钙等的磷酸盐、次磷酸盐和亚磷酸盐,优选使用碱金属或碱土金属的次磷酸盐,因为它们防止所述聚酰胺树脂变色的效果特别好。所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)中的磷化合物的浓度以磷原子的量计为200ppm或200ppm以下,优选为160ppm或160ppm以下,更优选为100ppm或100ppm以下。
除了所述磷化合物以外,在不损害本发明的效果的前提下,所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)还可以含有各种添加剂,例如,但是不限于润滑剂、消光剂、热稳定剂、老化稳定剂(weathering stabilizer)、紫外线吸收剂、成核剂、增塑剂、阻燃剂、抗静电剂、抗变色剂(anti-discoloring agent)和抗胶凝剂(anti-gelling agent)。
所述聚酰胺树脂组合物(A)还含有尼龙11和/或尼龙12组分(a-2)。尼龙11由11-氨基十一酸或十一内酰胺聚合制得。尼龙12由12-氨基十二酸或十二内酰胺聚合制得。所述尼龙11和/或尼龙12组分(a-2)可以为主要由上述单体构成的共聚物。所述共聚单体可以为内酰胺、氨基羧酸或二氨基二羧酸尼龙盐。
所述内酰胺的例子包括ε-己内酰胺、庚内酰胺、十一内酰胺、十二内酰胺、α-吡咯烷酮和α-哌啶酮,所述氨基羧酸的例子包括6-氨基己酸、7-氨基庚酸、9-氨基壬酸、11-氨基十一烷酸和12-氨基十二烷酸。
所述尼龙11和/或尼龙12(a-2)可以为均聚物、由所述均聚物与上述共聚物组成的混合物、由所述均聚物和其它类型的聚酰胺树脂或热塑性树脂组成的混合物。在所述混合物中,尼龙11和/或尼龙12的含量优选为60重量%或高于60重量%。
所述尼龙11和/或尼龙12(a-2)优选含有增塑剂(例如,苯磺酸的烷基酰胺、甲基苯磺酸的烷基酰胺和羟基苯甲酸的烷基酯)或抗冲改性剂(例如,诸如弹性体的橡胶状聚合物)。
如果需要,所述尼龙11和/或尼龙12(a-2)可以含有添加剂,例如,抗氧化剂、热稳定剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂、润滑剂、无机填料、抗静电剂、阻燃剂和结晶促进剂。
所述尼龙11和/或尼龙12(a-2)可以由公知的聚合方法制得,例如,熔融聚合、溶液聚合和固相聚合。
所述尼龙11和/或尼龙12(a-2)的相对粘度优选为1.5-4.5,更优选为1.8-4.0。如果所述相对粘度低于1.5,则得到的层的强度不足,并在层压操作中会产生厚度不均匀的问题。如果所述相对粘度大于4.5,由于挤出压力高且扭矩大,得到的树脂组合物很难挤出,并在层压操作中产生厚度不均匀的问题。
以所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)与所述尼龙11和/或尼龙12(a-2)的总量为基准,所述聚酰胺树脂组合物(A)中含有5-95重量%的成分a-1和95-5重量%的成分a-2,优选含有10-90重量%的成分a-1和10-90重量%的成分a-2,更优选含有20-80重量%的成分a-1和20-80重量%的成分a-2,特别优选含有35-65重量%的成分a-1和35-65重量%的成分a-2。当所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)的含量为5重量%或5重量%以上时,能够获得足够的阻隔性能;当所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)的含量为95重量%或95重量%以下时,能够获得高的强度和冲击强度。由于末端具有羧基和氨基,因此所述a-2成分中的尼龙11和尼龙12与所述碳二亚胺化合物(B)的反应性非常高。
如果需要,通过对所述聚酰胺树脂组合物(A)进行干燥,可以使所述聚酰胺树脂组合物(A)中的水含量优选为0.3重量%或0.3重量%以下,更优选为0.1重量%或0.1重量%以下,进一步优选为0.05重量%或0.05重量%以下。当水含量为0.3重量%或0.3重量%以下时,所述碳二亚胺基与水之间不发生反应,因此,不会产生挤出缺陷,能得到性能优异的热塑性树脂组合物。如果需要,可以使用公知的方法对所述聚酰胺树脂组合物(A)进行干燥,例如,在配备有真空泵(旋转式真空器)的可加热的滚筒中或真空干燥器中,在减压下并且不高于所述聚酰胺树脂的熔点的温度(优选为160℃或160℃以下)下,对所述聚酰胺树脂组合物(A)进行加热的方法,但是所述干燥的方法并不限于此。
包含于所述层I中的具有两个或两个以上碳二亚胺基的碳二亚胺化合物(B)的例子包括使用各种方法制备的芳香族的聚碳化二亚胺化合物、脂肪族的聚碳化二亚胺化合物或脂环族的聚碳化二亚胺化合物。优选使用脂肪族的聚碳化二亚胺化合物或脂环族的聚碳化二亚胺化合物,因为它们在挤出时具有更好的熔融捏合性能,更优选使用脂肪族的聚碳化二亚胺化合物。
所述碳二亚胺化合物(B)可以通过有机聚异氰酸酯的脱羧缩合反应而制备,例如,在碳二亚胺化催化剂的存在下,在约70℃或70℃以上的温度下,在惰性溶剂中或不使用溶剂,使有机聚异氰酸酯进行脱羧缩合反应的方法来制备所述碳二亚胺化合物(B)。
用作合成所述碳二亚胺化合物(B)的原料的有机聚异氰酸酯的例子包括芳香族二异氰酸酯、脂肪族二异氰酸酯、脂环族二异氰酸酯以及它们的混合物。上述化合物的例子包括1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二苯基二甲基甲烷二异氰酸酯、1,3-苯撑二异氰酸酯、1,4-苯撑二异氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯、1,6-己二异氰酸酯、环己烷-1,4-二异氰酸酯、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷-4,4-二异氰酸酯、甲基环己烷二异氰酸酯、四甲代苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,6-二异丙基苯基异氰酸酯和1,3,5-三异丙基苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯。
为了对所述碳二亚胺化合物(B)的聚合度进行控制,可以使用封端剂(例如:单异氰酸酯)来封闭端基。所述单异氰酸酯的例子包括异氰酸苯酯、异氰酸甲苯酯、异氰酸二甲基苯酯、异氰酸环己酯、异氰酸丁酯和异氰酸萘酯。
所述封端剂并不限于上述单异氰酸酯,只要是能与异氰酸酯反应的任何活泼氢化合物均可使用。所述活泼氢化合物的例子包括脂肪族化合物、芳香族化合物以及脂环族化合物,例如:具有羟基(-OH)的化合物,如甲醇、乙醇、苯酚、环己醇、N-甲基乙醇胺、聚乙二醇单甲基醚和聚丙二醇单甲基醚;仲胺,如二乙胺和二环己基胺;伯胺,如丁胺和环己胺;羧酸,如琥珀酸、苯甲酸和二氯己酸;硫醇,如乙硫醇、烯丙基硫醇和苯硫酚;以及含有环氧基的化合物。
所述碳二亚胺化催化剂的例子包括:环磷烯氧化物(phospholene oxide),如1-苯基-2-磷1-氧化物(1-phenyl-2-phospholene 1-oxide)、3-甲基-1-苯基-2-磷1-氧化物(3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-phospholene 1-oxide)、1-乙基-2-磷1-氧化物(1-ethyl-2-phospholene 1-oxide)、3-甲基-2-磷1-氧化物(3-methyl-2-phospholene 1-oxide)及这些化合物的3-磷(3-phospholene)异构体;和金属催化剂,如钛酸四丁酯,其中,由于具有较高的催化活性,优选使用3-甲基-1-苯基-2-磷1-氧化物。
在用于形成所述层I的热塑性树脂组合物中,所述碳二亚胺化合物(B)可以与所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)反应,也可以与所述尼龙11和/或尼龙12(a-2)反应。
在将所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)、所述尼龙11和/或尼龙12(a-2)、以及所述碳二亚胺化合物(B)熔融捏合的过程中,(i)所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)与所述尼龙11和/或尼龙12(a-2)通过所述碳二亚胺化合物(B)而键合;或者,(ii)所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)以及所述尼龙11和/或尼龙12(a-2)分别与所述碳二亚胺化合物(B)反应。
因此,通过所述碳二亚胺化合物(B)的作用,所述聚酰胺树脂(a-1)与所述尼龙11和/或尼龙12(a-2)的相容性得到了提高。这种增强的相容性可以将具有间亚二甲苯基骨架的阻隔性聚酰胺与柔韧且具有较高的冲击强度的尼龙11和/或尼龙12的均匀地熔融捏合,这在以往是难以实现的,从而提供了一种阻隔性能优异、强度及冲击强度高的热塑性树脂组合物。
以100重量份的聚酰胺树脂组合物(A)为基准,所述热塑性树脂组合物中含有0.1-10重量份的所述碳二亚胺化合物(B),优选为0.2-8重量份,更优选为0.3-5重量份。
所述热塑性树脂组合物的相对粘度优选为1.7-4.0,更优选为1.9-3.8。该相对粘度是通过下面描述的方法来测定的。
将所述热塑性树脂组合物熔融捏合,然后通过挤出成型或注塑成型而得到成型体。由于所述碳二亚胺化合物(B)的添加量为0.1重量份或0.1重量份以上,因此可以将所述热塑性树脂组合物充分地熔融捏合,并且不会出现缺陷(例如,挤出不均匀)。通过将上述添加量控制在10重量份或10重量份以下,能够避免由于过分提高粘度而引起的挤出困难。
在不损害本发明的目的的前提下,所述热塑性树脂组合物还可以含有增强纤维(例如,玻璃纤维)、成核剂、润滑剂、脱模剂、抗氧化剂、加工稳定剂、热稳定剂、紫外线吸收剂、层状硅酸盐(phyllosilicate)以及无机金属盐或有机金属盐(所述金属为Co、Mn或Zn等),以及络合物。
可以使用常用的各种类型的挤出机(例如:单螺杆挤出机和双螺杆挤出机)将所述聚酰胺树脂组合物(A)与所述碳二亚胺化合物(B)熔融捏合,从生产率和机动性方面考虑,优选使用双螺杆挤出机。
所述熔融捏合的温度优选为200-300℃,停留时间(residence time)优选为10分钟或10分钟以下。优选地,通过使用具有至少一个区域具有回动丝杆(reverse screw)元件和/或捏和盘(kneading disk)的螺杆,并通过在上述区域保留部分正在被捏合的材料而进行熔融捏合。当所述熔融捏合的温度处于上述范围之内时,能够防止挤出缺陷和捏合缺陷以及材料的分解。
本发明的层压体的层II为由尼龙11和/或尼龙12形成的聚酰胺树脂层,所述尼龙11和/或尼龙12选自上述聚酰胺树脂化合物(A)中涉及的化合物。
所述层压体包括多层管道、多层膜、多层板以及多层中空容器(所述多层中空容器的形状为瓶状、杯状、盘状、管状或桶状),所述多层中空容器的形状优选为管状。对形成所述层压体的方法没有限定。优选为挤出成型法(在该方法中,从两个或多个挤出机中熔融挤出的树脂材料同时在模头的内部或外部进行层压)和熔融成型法(例如,注射吹塑成型、共挤出吹塑成型和多层注射成型)。
所述热塑性树脂组合物层(层I)的厚度优选为0.005-30mm,所述尼龙11和/或尼龙12层(层II)的厚度优选为0.02-40mm,但是并不仅限于此。
本发明的层压管道对含醇燃料具有优异的阻隔性能,适合用作汽车等的管道(例如:燃料管道,如供油管、回油管(return tube)、蒸发器管、加油管(fuel filler tube)、车载油气回收装置(on board refueling vapor recovery,ORVR)管道、贮油管(reserve tube)和弯管);以及用于其它化学液体的管道(例如,油管、隔离管(break tube)、窗户清洗器管、散热器管、冷却水管、用于冷却介质的冷却器管、用于空调的冷却介质管、地下加热管道、用于灭火器或灭火设备的管道、用于医疗冷却装置的管道以及用于油墨和涂料的涂布器管道),优选用作燃料管道。
本发明的成型体由所述层I和所述层II形成,优选通过共挤出成型使所述层I和所述层II彼此紧密地结合。所述层II优选为与内含物(例如,燃料)接触的最内层。为了增强强度,所述成型体可以制成多层成型体,所述多层成型体除具有所述层I和层II以外,还具有至少一个增强层,该增强层可以由聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、不同于上述聚酰胺的聚酰胺、或氟树脂形成。
用于所述增强层的聚烯烃的例子包括线型低密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、中等密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯和超高分子量高密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯、两种或两种以上的烯烃的共聚物(所述烯烃选自乙烯、丙烯和丁烯等)、上述聚合物的混合物、改性的氟树脂、以及与用于所述层I和层II的聚酰胺不同的聚酰胺。上述聚烯烃、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺及氟树脂可以互相混合,与其它的树脂(例如,弹性体)混合,或者与添加剂(例如,炭黑和阻燃剂)混合。
在所述层压体的所述层之间(例如,在所述热塑性树脂组合物层和所述增强层之间)可以设置粘合剂树脂层(粘接层)。用于所述粘接层的粘合剂树脂可以包括改性的聚乙烯或聚丙烯以及烯烃(例如,乙烯、丙烯和丁烯)的共聚物。为了粘结所述热塑性树脂组合物层和由聚酯或聚碳酸酯形成的所述增强层,可以使用所述粘合剂树脂,例如,乙烯-乙酸乙酯共聚物、用碱金属或碱土金属交联的乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物以及乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物等,但是并不限于此。
实施例
下面,将结合实施例对本发明进行更详细的描述。但是,应该注意的是,本发明的范围并不限于此。在下面的实施例和对比例中,通过如下的方法对得到的膜进行评价。
(1)粘附性
通过将多层膜剥离来进行评价。
A:不能剥离
C:容易剥离
(2)总的透光率(%)和雾度值(haze value)(%)
根据ASTM D1003,使用Nippon Denshoku Industries Co.Ltd.生产的“COH-300A”色差浊度计(color difference turbidimeter)进行测定。
(3)拉伸特性
根据ASTM-D882,在23℃、相对湿度(RH)为50%的环境下,使用由Toyo Seiki Seisaku-sho Ltd.生产的Strograph V1-C,在夹盘间距为50mm、拉伸速度为50mm/min的条件下,测定宽度为10mm、长度为120mm的条状膜的断裂强度(kgf/mm2)、断裂伸长率(%)和弹性模量(kgf/mm2)。
(4)冲孔强度(kgf·cm)
在23℃、RH为50%的环境下,使用由Tosoku Seimitsu Kogyo Co.Ltd.生产的“ITF-60”膜冲击试验机进行测定(落镖:球形前端的直径为1/2英寸(1.25mm))。
(5)氧气阻隔性能(氧气透过率)(立方厘米/(平方米·天·常压)(cc/m2·day·atm))
根据ASTM D3985,在23℃、薄膜内部的相对湿度为60%、环境相对湿度为50%的条件下,使用由Modern Controls Inc.生产的“OX-TRAN10/50A”氧气透过率测试仪进行测定。
(6)燃料阻隔性能(燃料透过量)
将两片12×15cm的膜以一片置于另一片上的形式叠加,然后将三个侧边热封,形成密封宽度为10mm的袋子。在得到的袋子中装填60g的燃料(异辛烷/甲苯/乙醇=45/45/10(以体积计))后,将该袋子的开口的一边热封,使密封宽度为10mm。将该装有燃料的袋子在28℃/65%RH的防爆型恒温恒湿箱(thermo-hygrostatic chamber)中放置10天。测定放置前和放置10天后的该装有燃料的袋子的重量。由重量的减少量得出燃料透过量(克/天(g/day))。
(7)相对粘度
准确称取1克试样,在20-30℃和搅拌的条件下,将该试样溶解在100毫升的96%的硫酸中。完全溶解后,快速将5毫升的该溶液置于卡农芬斯克型粘度计(Canon Fenske viscometer)中,将该粘度计在25℃±0.03℃的恒温箱中放置10分钟。然后,测定该溶液的滴落时间(dropping time)(t)。同样测定96%的硫酸的滴落时间(t0),根据下式由t和t0计算出相对粘度,
相对粘度=t/t0。
实施例1
制备含有45重量%的聚己二酰间苯二甲胺(聚酰胺树脂I)和55重量%的尼龙12的混合的组合物。
聚己二酰间苯二甲胺
由三菱瓦斯化学株式会社(Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company,Inc.)生产的“MX尼龙S6001”,是一种由间苯二甲胺和己二酸制得的聚酰胺树脂。
相对粘度:2.1
含水量:0.03重量%
端氨基浓度:30微当量/克(μeq/g)
端羧基浓度:75微当量/克
尼龙12
由宇部兴产株式会社(UBE Industries Ltd.)生产的“UBE3030XA”。
端氨基浓度:22微当量/克
端羧基浓度:51微当量/克
相对粘度:2.2
将该混合的组合物(100重量份)与0.7重量份的脂肪族聚碳化二亚胺化合物(聚碳化二亚胺化合物I,日清纺绩株式会社(Nisshinbo Industries Inc.)生产的“Carbodilite LA-1”)进行干式混合,制备热塑性树脂组合物。然后,使用计量进料器以6千克/小时的进料速度将该热塑性树脂组合物进料到双螺杆挤出机中。该双螺杆挤出机安装有机筒直径(cylinder diameter)为37mm的强捏合型丝杆和由回动丝杆元件形成的停留区域。在机筒温度为270℃、螺杆转速为100转每分(rpm)的条件下对该热塑性树脂组合物进行熔融捏合,挤出形成熔绞股(molten strand),然后用冷空气将其冷却,固化并造粒而制得该热塑性树脂组合物I的粒料。
使用生产多层膜的装置(由两个挤出机、进料区段(feed block)、T型模头(T-die)、冷却辊(cooling role)、导出卷绕头(take-up winder)等构成),将所述热塑性树脂组合物I从第一挤出机中挤出,同时将上述尼龙12从第二挤出机中共挤出,制备两种、两层的多层膜,该多层膜的层压结构为热塑性树脂组合物层(100微米)/尼龙12层(100微米)。得到的多层膜的评价结果如表1所示。
实施例2
采用与实施例1相同的方法制备多层膜,不同的是,使用含有60重量%的所述聚酰胺树脂I和40重量%的尼龙12的聚酰胺树脂组合物,以及1重量份的聚碳化二亚胺化合物I(每100重量份的所述聚酰胺树脂I和尼龙12的混合的组合物)。得到的多层膜的评价结果如表1所示。
实施例3
采用与实施例1相同的方法制备多层膜,不同的是,使用尼龙11(由Atofina生产的“Rilsan BESVOA FDA”,端氨基浓度为10微当量/克,端羧基浓度为143微当量/克,相对粘度为2.3)代替尼龙12。得到的多层膜的评价结果如表1所示。
对比例1
用计量进料器以1.2千克/小时的进料速度将所述聚酰胺树脂I进料到T型模头的双螺杆挤出机(机筒直径为20mm)中。在机筒温度为260℃、螺杆转速为80rpm的条件下进行熔融捏合后,通过该T型模头将该聚酰胺树脂I挤出形成膜。挤出的膜在70℃的冷却辊上进行固化,同时以2.7米/分钟的速度导出,得到厚度为100微米的单层膜。得到的单层膜的评价结果如表1所示。
对比例2
采用与对比例1相同的方法制备单层膜,不同的是,仅使用尼龙12来代替所述聚酰胺树脂I。得到的单层膜的评价结果如表1所示。
对比例3
采用与实施例1相同的方法制备两种、两层的多层膜,该膜的层压结构为聚酰胺树脂I层(100微米)/尼龙12层(100微米),不同的是,将所述聚酰胺树脂I由第一挤出机而尼龙12由第二挤出机共挤出。得到的多层膜的评价结果如表1所示。
表1
本发明的层压体具有优异的阻隔性能、抗剥离性能和机械性能(如强度、冲击强度和伸长率),特别地,本发明的层压体对含醇的燃料具有优异的阻隔性能,本发明的层压体适合制备用于燃料系统的各种形状的制品(例如,燃料容器、管道和零件)。
Claims (6)
1.一种层压体,该层压体包括热塑性树脂层I和聚酰胺树脂层II,所述聚酰胺树脂层II含有尼龙11和/或尼龙12,所述热塑性树脂层I含有100重量份的聚酰胺树脂组合物A和0.1-10重量份的碳二亚胺化合物B,所述碳二亚胺化合物B具有两个或两个以上碳二亚胺基,所述聚酰胺树脂组合物A含有成分a-1和成分a-2,以成分a-1和成分a-2的总重量为基准,成分a-1的量为35-65重量%,成分a-2的量为65-35重量%,所述成分a-1为由二胺单元和二羧酸单元构成的聚酰胺树脂,所述二胺单元的70摩尔%或70摩尔%以上来自于间苯二甲胺,所述二羧酸单元的70摩尔%或70摩尔%以上来自于碳原子数为4-20的α,ω-直链脂肪族二羧酸,所述成分a-2为尼龙11和/或尼龙12。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层压体,其中,所述二羧酸单元的30摩尔%或30摩尔%以下来自于间苯二甲酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的层压体,其中,所述碳二亚胺化合物B为脂肪族碳二亚胺化合物或脂环族碳二亚胺化合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的层压体,其中,所述热塑性树脂层I和聚酰胺树脂层II通过共挤出法而层压成型。
5.一种燃料管,该燃料管包括权利要求1所述的层压体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的燃料管,其中,所述燃料管的最内层由所述聚酰胺树脂层II形成。
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