CN101456248A - 与挤出工具有关的装置和方法 - Google Patents

与挤出工具有关的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN101456248A
CN101456248A CNA2008101843432A CN200810184343A CN101456248A CN 101456248 A CN101456248 A CN 101456248A CN A2008101843432 A CNA2008101843432 A CN A2008101843432A CN 200810184343 A CN200810184343 A CN 200810184343A CN 101456248 A CN101456248 A CN 101456248A
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director element
nozzle
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CN101456248B (zh
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E·科罗莱宁
M·西斯托拉
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MEHLEFIL AG
Maillefer SA
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/34Cross-head annular extrusion nozzles, i.e. for simultaneously receiving moulding material and the preform to be coated
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/06Rod-shaped
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/15Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/154Coating solid articles, i.e. non-hollow articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/335Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles
    • B29C48/336Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles the components merging one by one down streams in the die
    • B29C48/3366Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles the components merging one by one down streams in the die using a die with concentric parts, e.g. rings, cylinders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07Flat, e.g. panels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/10Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/335Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种与挤出工具有关的装置。其包括设置有同轴布置的喷嘴元件(1、2、3、4)并且布置为形成在穿过最内喷嘴元件(4)的柔性细长元件的表面上覆盖柔性细长元件(6)的一个或多个层的喷嘴结构,以及相应于细长元件(6)的直径用于控制柔性细长元件(6)的导向元件(5)。导向元件(5)布置用来在细长元件(6)的方向上被推动而进入其在两个限定第一熔化通道(7)的最内喷嘴元件(3、4)内的位置。导向元件(5)布置来在细长元件(6)和导向元件(5)之间形成锥形空间(52),并且锥形空间(52)与第一熔化通道(7)流体联通。

Description

与挤出工具有关的装置和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序所述的装置并且尤其涉及与挤出工具有关的装置。其包括设置有同轴地布置的喷嘴元件并且布置为形成一个或多个层的喷嘴结构,该一个或多个层在柔性细长元件的表面上覆盖柔性细长元件,其通过最内部的喷嘴元件,以及相应于细长元件的直径用于控制柔性细长元件的导向元件,导向元件是布置以在细长元件的方向上被推入其至少局部在限定第一熔化通道的两个最内部喷嘴元件内的位置中的分离单元。
背景技术
本发明涉及与挤出工具有关的装置,其包括由同轴布置的喷嘴元件构成的喷嘴结构。喷嘴元件布置为形成在穿过最内部喷嘴元件的柔性细长元件的表面上覆盖柔性细长元件的一个或多个层。最内部喷嘴或分离导向元件的头段用于在柔性细长元件穿过喷嘴结构时对柔性元件进行控制。在制造电缆等细长元件期间,一个或多个材料层通过挤出工具设置在电缆等上。在电缆类型(例如要制造电缆的直径)变化时,挤出工具的喷嘴结构需要改变以适合新电缆类型的直径。用于改变喷嘴结构的现有技术解决方案在美国6827568中提出。在这个解决方案中,喷嘴结构设置有可根据要制造电缆类型而变化的分离的导向元件。导向元件和喷嘴结构的喷嘴元件之间的连接布置为通过在柔性细长元件的方向上作用在该单元上的排斥力而松脱。导向元件布置为在柔性细长元件的方向上离开喷嘴结构。
现有技术的缺点在于为了避免在工具变换期间被熔化的材料的回流,挤出工具不能使用压力型挤出,而是必须是管型或半管型。因此,材料粘附至导体和线股之间空间的填充是不令人满意的。而且,挤出工具依赖夹持元件以保持导向元件在应有的位置。因而,在生产条件下夹持机构的操作不能总是得到保证,从而导致加工的可靠性降低,并且因此增大停机时间并且降低生产率。
发明内容
因而本发明的目标是提供一种装置以克服现有技术的上述缺点。本发明的目的通过根据权利要求1特征部分的装置来实现,该装置的特征在于导向元件被布置以在细长元件与导向元件之间提供锥形空间,并且所述锥形空间与第一熔化通道流体联通用于以压力加工(pressure tooling)的方式通过锥形空间将材料挤出到细长元件上。
本发明的优选实施例在从属权利要求中公开。
本发明基于导向元件被形成以在要生产的细长元件和与要生产的细长元件的直径相应的导向元件之间提供锥形空间以使得可挤出材料的最内层通过压力型加工可在细长元件上挤出的思想。导向元件还可设置有环形开口以在最内熔化通道与锥形空间之间提供流体联通使得可挤出熔化材料可从最内熔化通道供应至锥形空间。导向元件还可以是可分开的以使得其可在不停止挤出过程的情况下安装入其位置和卸载。
因而,本发明的优点在于锥形空间允许设置于细长元件上的最内材料层在挤出期间被压在细长元件上。换言之,最内聚合物层可用压力型挤出工具施加于导体上。另外,本发明的装置还提供了在改变导向元件期间防止被熔化材料回流的解决方案。压力型挤出工具提供了挤出材料在细长元件或导体上更好的附着作用,并且改进了线束之间空间的填充。而且,其提供了可靠、简单且有效的方式以在要生产的电缆或其它同类的物等的类型变化时改变喷嘴结构、尤其是所述导向装置。
附图说明
以下,将参照附图借助优选实施例更具体地描述本发明,其中图1是根据本发明的挤出工具的喷嘴结构的示意性局部横截视图。
具体实施方式
图1是挤出工具的喷嘴结构的示意视图并且具体地是挤压头的模(喷嘴)部分。喷嘴结构包括若干个同轴布置的喷嘴元件1,2,3,4。喷嘴元件包括挤出模1、第一中间模2、第二中间模3和模保持器4。第一熔化通道7设置于模保持器4与第二中间模3之间,换言之最内喷嘴元件4和紧接的最外喷嘴元件3在其间限定最内熔化通道7。第二熔化通道8设置于第二中间模3与第一中间模2之间,换言之,第二最内喷嘴元件3和第三最内喷嘴元件2限定第二最内熔化通道8。第三熔化通道9设置于第一中间模2和挤出模1之间,换言之,第三最内喷嘴元件2和第四最内喷嘴元件1限定第三最内熔化通道9。
喷嘴结构还包括可安装于喷嘴结构内部的分离导向元件5。在图1中,导向元件5安装于模保持器4和第二中间模3内部。导向元件5完全或至少局部地安装于这两个最内喷嘴元件内部,但是也可安装于三个或更多最内喷嘴元件内部。导向元件5可通过将其推压至模保持器4和第二中间模3而被安装或者通过夹持装置与模保持器4和/或第二中间模3接合用于将其可分开地附接至模保持器4和第二中间模3两者或它们中之一。根据上面所述,导向元件5是导入喷嘴结构中的分离部件。
在导向元件5安装于细长元件6上方时,其基本上围绕细长元件6。导向元件5被形成使得其可被分为两个或更多片用于将其移除和/或安装于细长元件6上。优选地导向元件5在轴向上可分为两个半部。在导向元件5安装于细长元件上时,导向元件5可在已经导入挤压头中的柔性细长元件6上面插入挤压头中。导向元件5可布置为由定位装置,比如适当的机械装置推入喷嘴结构内部的位置。可选地,导向元件5安装于细长元件6上面以使得其松散地附接至细长元件6。于是导向元件5可连同柔性细长元件6的移动穿过喷嘴结构被向前推进至其位置。导向元件5的可分构造还允许导向元件在细长元件6上被移除。于是可移除的导向元件5可由排出装置(比如适当的机械装置)从喷嘴结构缩回,并被分为两个半部并且在无需停止挤出生产线的情况下从挤压头移除。导向元件5的上述构造允许其在无需停止挤出生产线和细长元件6的移动的情况下被安装入挤压头以及从挤压头卸载。在制造期间,细长元件6的直径、尺寸或类型常常变化并且在此情况下,细长元件连接至目前行进通过挤压头的细长元件6的端部。在细长元件6的直径变化时,导向元件5的直径也必须变化以使得其相应于新的细长元件的直径。导向元件的变化可如上所述做出。根据这个构造,不用限制细长元件尺寸的顺序;大的直径能跟随小的直径,并且反之亦然。
导向元件5形成为使得其精密地相应于细长元件6的直径以使得其可控制穿过挤压头的喷嘴结构的细长元件6。
根据图1,导向元件5布置于最内喷嘴元件4和紧接着的最外喷嘴元件3内部。然而应当明白导向元件5可布置于喷嘴结构内部某个另外位置。当导向元件5在最内喷嘴元件4和紧接着的最外喷嘴元件3内部延伸时,其也在第一熔化通道7上面延伸。为了从第一熔化通道7挤出材料,第一熔化通道7与细长元件之间设置流体联通。上述流体联通由形成于导向元件5中的径向开口或孔51提供。换言之,导向元件5设置有一个或多个径向孔51用于使得当导向元件5在喷嘴结构内部的这个第一熔化通道7上面延伸时来自第一熔化通道7的材料在细长元件6上被挤出。当导向元件5布置于其在喷嘴结构内部的位置中时,径向孔与第一熔化通道7对准以使得从第一熔化通道7供应的材料可流过导向元件中的径向孔51并且进一步流到细长元件6上因而导向元件中的径向孔51允许导向元件5在最内喷嘴元件4和紧接着的最外喷嘴元件3内部延伸而没有阻止来自第一熔化通道7的材料在细长元件6上被挤出。
导向元件5被进一步形成以在细长元件6与导向元件5之间形成锥形空间52。如图1所示,锥形空间52在第一熔化通道7与第二熔化通道8之间延伸。而且,锥形空间52与第一熔化通道7流体联通。第一熔化通道7和锥形空间52之间的所述流体联通由形成于导向元件5中的径向孔51来提供使得来自第一熔化通道7的材料通过径向孔51流至细长元件6和导向元件之间的锥形空间52。因此锥形空间52设置于第一熔化通道7的下游。锥形空间52引起从第一熔化通道7被挤出的材料被压靠在穿过喷嘴结构的细长元件6上。相应地,可挤出材料从第一流动通道7通过导向元件5中的径向孔51流入锥形空间52并且从出口53从锥形空间52退出,将最内材料层设置到细长元件6上。中间材料层从第二熔化通道8被挤出到最内材料层上并且最外材料层从第三熔化通道9被挤出到中间材料层上。
锥形空间52将来自第一熔化通道7的可挤出材料压到细长元件6上以使得最内材料层可以压力加工的方式被挤出到细长元件6上。这提供了最内材料层至细长元件6较好的附着作用,从而增强最终产品的性能。在细长材料变化至具有不同尺寸和/或直径的新细长元件时,导向元件5也改变以使得新的导向元件相应于新细长元件的尺寸。这允许在不停止生产线的情况下生产具有不同直径的细长元件并且同时压力型加工可用来在不同尺寸的细长元件上形成最内材料层。
导向元件5还被形成为使得在径向孔51上游的导向元件的一部分精密地相应于细长元件的直径,用作行进通过喷嘴结构的细长元件的实际导向。在导向元件5从挤压头移除时,最内层以与外层相同的方式以管状加工的方式被挤出到柔性细长元件6上,如可从图1看到的。因而避免了在导向元件5的变化期间材料的回流。
本发明可用于构造用于在细长元件穿过喷嘴结构时将一个或多个材料层挤出到细长元件上的挤压头或喷嘴结构。而且细长元件或电缆的顺序不受限制,而是大直径的细长元件能随小直径的细长元件,反之亦然。
对于本领域技术人员而言很明显的是,随着技术的进步,这种创造性概念能以各种方式实现。本发明及其实施例将不限于上述实施例而是可在权利要求的范围内改变。

Claims (13)

1.一种与挤出工具有关的装置,其包括设置有同轴布置的喷嘴元件(1、2、3、4)并且布置为形成一个或多个层的喷嘴结构,所述一个或多个层在柔性细长元件(6)的表面上覆盖柔性细长元件(6),所述柔性细长元件(6)穿过最内喷嘴元件(4),喷嘴结构设置有相应于细长元件(6)的直径用于控制柔性细长元件(6)的导向元件(5),所述导向元件(5)是分离单元,该分离单元布置成在细长元件(6)的方向上被推动进入其至少局部地在限定第一熔化通道(7)的两个最内喷嘴元件(3、4)内的位置,其特征在于,导向元件(5)被布置以在细长元件(6)与导向元件(5)之间形成锥形空间(52),并且锥形空间(52)与第一熔化通道(7)流体联通,用于以压力加工的方式将材料通过锥形空间(52)挤出到细长元件(6)上。
2.据权利要求1的装置,其特征在于,导向元件(5)设置有一个或多个径向开口(51),以在第一熔化通道(7)与锥形空间(52)之间形成流体联通。
3.根据权利要求1或2的装置,其特征在于,锥形空间(52)在细长元件(6)的方向上延伸并且逐渐变细。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任何一个的装置,其特征在于,锥形空间(52)径向地围绕细长元件(6)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的任何一个的装置,其特征在于,喷嘴头包括在第一熔化通道(7)下游的第二熔化通道(8),并且所述锥形空间在第一和第二熔化通道(7、8)之间延伸。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的任何一个的装置,其特征在于,导向元件(5)松弛地附接在细长元件(6)上。
7.根据权利要求6的装置,其特征在于,导向元件(5)布置为与柔性细长元件(6)穿过喷嘴结构的运动一起被推进进入其位置。
8.根据权利要求1至6中的任何一个的装置,其特征在于,导向元件(5)布置为由定位装置推入其在喷嘴结构内的位置中。
9.根据权利要求1至6中或8的任何一个的装置,其特征在于,导向元件(5)布置为通过排出装置从其在喷嘴结构内导向元件的位置缩回。
10.根据权利要求1至9中的任何一个装置,其特征在于,导向元件(5)是可分开的部件,用于在柔性细长元件(6)上安装和/或拆卸。
11.根据权利要求1至10中的任何一个的装置,其特征在于,导向元件(5)是至少最内喷嘴元件(4)的头部,或者导向元件(5)是至少最内喷嘴元件(4)和紧接着的最外喷嘴元件(3)的头部。
12.根据权利要求1至8中的任何一个的装置,其特征在于,导向元件(5)是至少局部地布置在最内喷嘴元件(4)内部或至少局部地布置在最内喷嘴元件和紧接着的最外喷嘴元件(3)内部的分离部件。
13.根据权利要求1至9中的任何一个的装置,其特征在于,导向元件(5)预先放置于喷嘴结构内部。
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