CN101454155A - 夹层窗玻璃 - Google Patents

夹层窗玻璃 Download PDF

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CN101454155A
CN101454155A CNA2007800195987A CN200780019598A CN101454155A CN 101454155 A CN101454155 A CN 101454155A CN A2007800195987 A CNA2007800195987 A CN A2007800195987A CN 200780019598 A CN200780019598 A CN 200780019598A CN 101454155 A CN101454155 A CN 101454155A
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glazing
laminated glazing
layers
laminated
electrical part
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CN101454155B (zh
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S·R·戴
N·巴顿
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Pilkington Group Ltd
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Pilkington Group Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
    • B60Q3/20—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors for lighting specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments; mounted on specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments
    • B60Q3/208—Sun roofs; Windows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/1011—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having predetermined tint or excitation purity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
    • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
    • B32B17/10504—Liquid crystal layer
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
    • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
    • B32B17/10532—Suspended particle layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10541—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing comprising a light source or a light guide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10651—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising colorants, e.g. dyes or pigments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
    • C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet with at least one intermediate air space
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Arrangements Of Lighting Devices For Vehicle Interiors, Mounting And Supporting Thereof, Circuits Therefore (AREA)
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Abstract

夹层窗玻璃，其包含两个通过至少一个中间层材料层连接在一起的窗玻璃材料板、位于所述窗玻璃材料板之间的电器件(电致发光灯、LCD或SPD)、和同样位于所述板之间用以减少否则可入射到电器件上的红外辐射量的红外辐射反射装置(例如反射膜)。一个或多个窗玻璃材料板和/或至少一个中间层材料层可以是本体着色的。该窗玻璃可用作汽车窗、特别用作天窗。

Description

夹层窗玻璃
技术领域
本发明涉及夹层窗玻璃，特别涉及用作汽车窗例如作为车辆中的前风挡玻璃、后档玻璃、侧窗玻璃或天窗的夹层窗玻璃。
背景技术
已知提供具有电器件(即需要电能来实施其功能的器件)、特别是能够给可将窗子装配到其中的车辆内部提供发光功能(例如门控车室照明或环境照明设备)的器件的汽车窗。WO 02/098179提供了这种窗子的一个实例。其公开了可用作天窗并且在叠层内包括多层电致发光元件的夹层玻璃板。当向发光元件施加电压时，其透过至少一个玻璃板表面发射光。
纳入有特别是电致发光灯形式的电器件(本领域还称作有机发光二极管(“OLED”)器件/灯/元件)的夹层窗玻璃是车辆内包含的所需产品，这是因为电致发光器件典型地比常规白炽灯泡具有更长的工作寿命，所述白炽灯泡通常本来是用于内部照明应用的光源。另外，电致发光器件提供的光通常比白炽灯的光更加漫射，且因此可获得在审美上更加令人愉悦的照明效果。
由于包含液晶膜器件(“LCD”)或悬浮颗粒器件(“SPD”)而具有可变透光率性能的夹层窗玻璃也是所需产品，这是因为其一旦装配在车辆中则能够提供乘客舒适性益处。
遗憾的是，似乎许多电致发光材料、LCD和SPD对温度和湿度均具有如此程度的敏感性，以致于每个的性能取决于其局部环境的性质而可受到不利影响。例如，如果电致发光灯经受与环境条件相比升高的温度和/或增加的湿度，则该灯的半寿命(即就OLED发出的光的强度降至其初始值的50％所经过的时间)可显著降低。
通过层合电器件，已观测到可极大地降低湿度敏感性，可能是因为该器件在密封环境中是有效的。然而似乎仍存在温度敏感性问题。因此会需要提供纳入有电器件、特别是电致发光器件、LCD或SPD的夹层窗玻璃，该窗玻璃能够经受住高温，从而使例如电致发光器件的半寿命(half-life)降低最小化，且甚至可能得以防止。
发明内容
因此，本发明提供了包含如下的用作汽车窗的夹层窗玻璃：
两个通过中间层材料层连接在一起的窗玻璃材料板，和
位于窗玻璃材料板之间的电器件，
其中在窗玻璃材料板之间提供红外辐射反射装置，用以减少否则可入射到电器件上的红外辐射的量。
电器件优选是电致发光灯。典型的电致发光灯是基于(basearound)插在两个电极层之间的磷层。当跨电极层施加交流电压时，所得电场导致磷层的周期性的且快速的激发，接着在磷回复到其基态时发射可见光。至少一个电极层通常是透明的，以允许由灯发出光。在环境条件下，电致发光灯的亮度通常取决于所施加的电压的大小和可控的磷利用系数的类型。在本领域中已知有多种电致发光灯，任何这些灯可根据本发明进行使用。
作为替代，电器件可以是改变窗子的透光率的装置例如LCD或SPD。
夹层窗玻璃还可以包含第二中间层材料层(在上文所提及的中间层材料层是第一层)，在该情形中，电器件优选位于第一和第二中间层材料层之间。这种构造对于确保窗玻璃层合后电器件和窗玻璃材料板之间的良好附着是有用的。
在一些情况中，可能需要车辆窗玻璃是本体着色的(如本领域中所知，服从于关于风挡玻璃和前门侧窗玻璃的最小可见光透射率的国家/区域性法律要求)。这可通过使一个或多个中间层材料层是本体着色的(否则该中间层材料是透明的)来实现。
层合的中间层材料可以是适合于形成叠层的本领域中已知的任何材料。其可以是乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚氯乙烯或者乙烯和甲基丙烯酸的共聚物。其通常以0.38-1.1mm、但最通常0.76mm的厚度来进行提供。此外，中间层材料可具有红外反射性能和/或隔声性能(通常称作“隔声中间层”材料)。
夹层窗玻璃可更进一步包含在第一和第二中间层材料层之间的第三中间层材料层，在该情形中，电器件可位于第三层中的切去区域中。使用三个中间层材料层的这种“画框”设计对于层合电器件可特别有用，所述电器件的厚度大于约五十微米。这是因为当该器件仅层合在两个中间层材料层之间时，器件的周边附近可产生一个或多个空气泡并且保留在完成的层合产品中。空气泡是难看的，并且更重要地，当它们迁移到周围中间层材料内时可引起问题，可能导致窗玻璃的层离。“画框”设计提供了使这种气泡问题最小化的方法；其构造是这样的，即对第三中间层材料层(其可以与电器件具有大约相同的厚度)进行切割，使得该器件一旦位于切去部分中则被有效框住。插在第一和第二中间层材料层之间的电器件及其周围的中间层“框”然后可以已知方式层合在两个窗玻璃材料板之间。
为实现上述本体着色的车辆窗玻璃，第三中间层材料层可以是本体着色的。其可增加到或者替代本体着色的第一和第二中间层材料层中的一个或两个。
叠层内提供的红外辐射反射装置优选是红外反射膜。其可以提供在窗玻璃材料板之一的表面上。如果使用常规表面编号术语，其中接触车辆外部环境的叠层表面称作表面1，接触内部环境的表面称作表面4，则所述膜可负载在表面2或表面3上，在这里可保护其不受到损伤。作为替代，红外反射膜可提供在中间层材料层的表面上。这可以是上述三层中间层之一，或者是特别作为膜的衬底提供的另外的中间层材料层(例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(“PET”))。
优选的红外反射膜包括典型地形成多层叠层的一个或多个金属层(或金属氧化物层)以及一个或多个电介质层。该多层叠层结构可以进行重复以增强膜的反射性。在其它类似金属中，可以使用银、金、铜、镍和铬作为多层叠层中的金属层；可使用氧化铟、氧化锑等作为金属氧化物层。包含一个或两个插在电介质层(例如硅、铝、钛、钒、锡或锌的氧化物)之间的银层的膜典型地是多层叠层。通常使形成红外反射膜的一个或多个层成形为约数十纳米厚。
作为上述(金属/电介质)n基膜的替代方式，该膜可包含多个非金属层，使得其起到带通滤波器的作用(所述带集中在电磁波谱的近红外区域)。
当用作汽车窗时，本发明的夹层窗玻璃可以描述为包含窗玻璃材料的外部板和窗玻璃材料的内部板，在该情形中，可在窗玻璃材料的外部板和电器件之间提供红外辐射反射装置，从而减少否则可入射到电器件上的红外辐射的量。为避免不确定，术语“外部”和“内部”是指窗玻璃在作为车辆中的窗子进行安装时的取向。
至少一个窗玻璃材料板可以是玻璃板。窗玻璃材料的内部板可以是本体着色的玻璃，其组成可包括下面着色剂中的一种或多种：铁氧化物、钴氧化物、硒、铬氧化物、钛氧化物、锰氧化物、铜氧化物、钒氧化物、镍氧化物。着色的程度可用于调节通过窗玻璃透射的进入到可将该窗玻璃安装在其内的车辆中的可见光的量。两个窗玻璃材料板均可以是玻璃板，并且如果内部板是本体着色的，则外部板可以是透明的。还有可能的是，两个板均可以是透明玻璃。一个或两个板可以是钢化玻璃。除了是玻璃板外，窗玻璃材料板可以由塑料材料例如聚碳酸酯制成。窗玻璃材料板可以是平整的或者它们可以是弯曲的。每个板的厚度可以为0.5-25mm、优选1-5mm。因此窗玻璃的总厚度可以为1.5-100mm、优选2-50mm以及进一步优选2.5-20mm。
优选地，当窗玻璃材料板和中间层材料层基本上均是透明时，窗玻璃具有大于70％和进一步优选大于75％的可见光透射率(用CIE光源A测得)。如果整个窗玻璃都着色(因为窗玻璃材料的内板是本体着色的或者一个或多个中间层材料层是着色的)，其优选具有小于40％、进一步优选小于30％和最优选小于25％的可见光透射率(用CIE光源A测得)，以及小于30％、进一步优选小于25％和最优选小于20％的总能量透过率(Parry Moon；空气质量1.5)。该窗玻璃可具有这些性能而与其层状体组成无关。
可将根据本发明的夹层窗玻璃装配到车辆车身的任何窗子中。其特别可用作汽车天窗。此外，通过包含合适的元件例如在表面1或表面4上的亲水或疏水涂层，根据本发明的夹层窗玻璃可具有另外的功能性(从而分别提供自清洁和空气除臭功能)。
附图说明
为了更好地理解，现将参考附图并如附图中所示通过非限制性实施例对本发明进行更具体的描述，其中：
图1是根据本发明的夹层窗玻璃的透视图；
图2是沿图1的A-A线观察的横截面；和
图3是沿图1中窗玻璃的替代构造的A-A线观察的横截面。
具体实施方式
图1显示了天窗10形式的夹层窗玻璃，其包含安装在夹层构造内的电致发光灯11形式的电器件。电致发光灯11按位于靠近窗10的一个边缘进行显示，然而其可位于窗子内的任何位置例如在中心。另外地，可提供两个或多个这样的电致发光灯11。在天窗10的周边附近存在阴暗带12，该阴暗带在此处以掩饰和保护用于将窗子固定到车辆(未示出)内的密封剂(未示出)，并且还隐藏给灯11提供电能的电连接件(母线等)。阴暗带12由丝网印制在窗玻璃上且随后烧制的不透明墨制成。然而，可以使用任何其它已知方式对其进行构成和施加，或者其在此处是根本不需要的。
图2提供了关于天窗10的构造的更多细节，在于其包含：钠钙硅玻璃板21形式的窗玻璃材料外部板，同样是钠钙硅玻璃板22形式的窗玻璃材料内部板，红外反射膜23形式的红外辐射反射装置，分别为聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(“PVB”)层24、25、26形式的第一、第二和第三中间层材料层，和另外的同样以PVB层27形式的中间层材料层，所有这些将叠层的层连接在一起。第三PVB层26提供有切去部分28以容纳电致发光灯11，并且是本体着色的以调节窗玻璃的总可见光透射率。第一、第二和第三PVB层24、25、26共同构成先前所述的“画框”构造。另外的PVB层27优选确保红外反射膜23和外部玻璃板21之间的足够附着性。
适合于包括在车辆叠层中并且用于内部照明应用的电致发光灯11目前可得自Rogers Corporation，Durel Division，2225 WestChandler Boulevard，Chandler，Arizona 85224，US(www.rogerscorporation.com)。红外反射膜23可包含多个交替的银层和铟氧化物层。承载这样的叠层的PET层目前可得自SouthwallTechnologies Inc.，3975 East Bayshore Road，PaloAlto，California 94303，US(www.southwall.com)。作为替代，红外反射膜23可以是透明的非金属多层膜-该膜目前可得自3M United Kingdomplc，3M Centre，Cain Road，Bracknell，Berkshire RG 12 8HT，United Kingdom(www.3m.com)。
钠钙硅玻璃板可以是透明玻璃并且具有如下范围的组成(重量)：SiO2 68-75％、Al2O3 0-5％、Na2O 10-18％、K2O 0-5％、MgO 0-10％、CaO 5-15％、SO3 0-2％。该玻璃还可包含其它添加剂，例如可通常以至多2％的量存在的澄清助剂。
内部玻璃板22可以是具有例如下面组成之一的着色玻璃：
组成1
基础玻璃(重量)：72.1％SiO2、1.1％Al2O3、13.5％Na2O、0.6％K2O、8.5％CaO、3.9％MgO和0.2％SO3，及着色剂部分(重量)：1.45％总铁(以Fe2O3计算)、0.30％氧化亚铁(以FeO计算)、230ppm Co3O4、210ppmNiO和19ppm Se。这样的玻璃目前可按GALAXSEETM从United Kingdom的Pilkington Group Limited得到；
组成2
基础玻璃与上述组成1相同，着色剂部分(重量)：1.57％总铁(以Fe2O3计算)、0.31％氧化亚铁(以FeO计算)、115ppm Co3O4、0ppmNiO和5ppm Se。这样的玻璃目前可按SUNDYMTM也从United Kingdom的Pilkington Group Limited得到。
图3中所示的窗玻璃与图2中所示的窗玻璃的类似之处在于其包含外部玻璃板31、内部玻璃板32、红外反射膜33以及分别包含第一、第二和第三PVB层34、35、36。第三PVB层36具有切去部分37以容纳电致发光灯11。图2中所示窗玻璃的描述总体上适用于图3中所示的窗玻璃，不同之处在于图3中红外反射膜33提供在窗子10的表面2上(即在外部板31的内表面上)并且还可包含一个或多个下面的层(除至少一个银层外)：TiO2、In2O3、Si3N4、NiCr、AlN、ZnO、SnO2、ZnxSnOy。

Claims (16)

1.用作汽车窗的夹层窗玻璃，其包含
两个通过中间层材料层连接在一起的窗玻璃材料板，和
位于所述窗玻璃材料板之间的电器件，
其中在窗玻璃材料板之间提供红外辐射反射装置，用以减少否则可入射到电器件上的红外辐射的量。
2.如权利要求1中所述的夹层窗玻璃，其中所述电器件是电致发光灯、液晶膜器件或悬浮颗粒器件。
3.如权利要求1或2中所述的夹层窗玻璃，其还包含第二中间层材料层，其中所述电器件位于第一和第二中间层材料层之间。
4.如权利要求3中所述的夹层窗玻璃，其中中间层材料层是本体着色的。
5.如权利要求3或4中所述的夹层窗玻璃，其还包含在第一和第二中间层材料层之间的第三中间层材料层，其中所述电器件位于第三层中的切去区域中。
6.如权利要求5中所述的夹层窗玻璃，其中所述第三中间层材料层是本体着色的。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层窗玻璃，其中红外辐射反射装置是红外反射膜。
8.如权利要求7中所述的夹层窗玻璃，其中所述红外反射膜提供在窗玻璃材料板之一的表面上。
9.如权利要求7中所述的夹层窗玻璃，其中所述红外反射膜提供在中间层材料层的表面上。
10.如权利要求7、8或9中所述的夹层窗玻璃，其中所述红外反射膜包括一个或多个金属层以及一个或多个电介质层。
11.如权利要求7、8或9中所述的夹层窗玻璃，其中所述红外反射膜包括多个非金属层。
12.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层窗玻璃，当用作汽车窗时使得其包含外部窗玻璃材料板和内部窗玻璃材料板，红外辐射反射装置提供在外部窗玻璃材料板和电器件之间。
13.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层窗玻璃，其中至少一个窗玻璃材料板是玻璃板。
14.如权利要求13中所述的夹层窗玻璃，其中所述玻璃板是本体着色的。
15.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层窗玻璃，其中至少一个窗玻璃材料板是塑料材料板。
16.前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层窗玻璃作为汽车天窗的应用。
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KR101444681B1 (ko) 2014-09-26

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