CN101427487B - 使用毫米波通信的具有天花板反射器的毫米波室内无线个域网和方法 - Google Patents

使用毫米波通信的具有天花板反射器的毫米波室内无线个域网和方法 Download PDF

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CN101427487B
CN101427487B CN200680054319.6A CN200680054319A CN101427487B CN 101427487 B CN101427487 B CN 101427487B CN 200680054319 A CN200680054319 A CN 200680054319A CN 101427487 B CN101427487 B CN 101427487B
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millimeter
wave
reflector
radio communication
communication device
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CN101427487A (zh
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S·M·阿拉穆蒂
A·A·马尔采夫
V·S·谢尔盖耶夫
小A·A·马尔采夫
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Intel Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/148—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures with means for varying the reflecting properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/007—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas specially adapted for indoor communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0031—Parallel-plate fed arrays; Lens-fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2658—Phased-array fed focussing structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2664—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture electrically moving the phase centre of a radiating element in the focal plane of a focussing device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array

Abstract

描述了室内毫米波无线个域网和方法的实施例。在一些实施例中，定向天线(103)和漫射反射器(106)用于增加总处理能力并且减少多路径分量。

Description

使用毫米波通信的具有天花板反射器的毫米波室内无线个域网和方法
相关申请
本专利申请要求2006年5月23日在俄国受理处提出的具有申请序列号[TDB]和代理备案号884.H19WO1(P23949)的正在审理专利PCT申请的优先权。
该专利申请与2006年5月23日在俄国受理处提出的具有代理备案号884.H17WO1(P23947)的正在审理专利PCT申请以及同时在俄国受理处的具有代理备案号884.H18WO1(P23948)的正在审理专利PCT申请有关。
技术领域
本发明的一些实施例涉及使用毫米波频率的无线网络。本发明的一些实施例涉及使用毫米波频率通信的无线个域网(WPAN)。
背景技术
许多使用微波频率的传统无线网络通常在2和10吉赫兹(GHz)之间的范围通信。由于使用的频率的相对长的波长，这些系统通常使用全向或弱定向天线。这些天线的弱定向性可能限制这种系统的总处理能力，使得诸如高分辨率电视(HDTV)的实时视频流应用难以实施。定向天线能够增加这些系统的总处理能力，但是微波频率的波长使紧凑的定向天线难以实施。毫米波段具有可利用的频谱并且可能能够提供更高水平的总处理能力。用于室内网络应用的毫米波频率的使用的一个问题是毫米波无能力绕过物体传播，使非视距通信变得困难。用于室内网络应用的毫米波频率的使用的另一个问题是多路径分量使得难以处理接收的信号。
因而，通常需要室内无线网络具有增加的总处理能力和减少多路径分量。通常还需要无线个域网具有增加的适于实时视频流应用的总处理能力，实时视频流应用诸如是HDTV。
附图说明
图1示例根据本发明的一些实施例的室内毫米波无线个域网；
图2示例根据本发明的一些实施例的具有漫射反射器的室内毫米波无线个域网；
图3为根据本发明的一些实施例的毫米波无线通信装置的框图；以及
图4示例根据本发明的一些实施例的毫米波无线局域网。
具体实施方式
下列描述和附图充分示例本发明的具体实施例，以使本领域技术人员实现它们。其它实施例可包括结构的、逻辑的、电的、工艺的和其它的改变。范例仅作为可能的变化的典型例子。除非明确的要求，单独的分量和功能是任选的，并且操作顺序可以变化。一些实施例的部分和特征可包括在或代替其它实施例的部分和特征。在权利要求中提出的本发明的实施例包括这些权利要求的所有可得到的等同替代。本发明的实施例在此可单独地或共同地由术语“发明”指代，仅仅为了方便起见，并且如果公开了不止一个，并不是意在限制该申请范围为任何单一发明或发明概念。
图1示例根据本发明的一些实施例的室内毫米波无线个域网。室内毫米波无线个域网100包括无线通信装置102和反射器106，反射器106反射在无线通信装置102和一个或多个第二无线通信装置104之间传送的毫米波信号。可以在与无线通信装置102间隔开的墙壁或天花板上安置反射器106。无线通信装置102可使用定向天线103通信，并且第二无线通信装置104可以使用定向天线105通信，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
如所示例的，无线通信装置102使用定向天线103以朝反射器106引导天线波束113，反射器106产生反射束116。反射束116可以通过天线105由第二无线通信装置104接收。如所示例的，天线105可提供天线波束115，可以将该天线波束115朝反射器106引导，用于接收反射束116内的信号。天线波束113和115可指分别由定向天线103和105的定向性分别产生的天线模式。
尽管一些实施例将毫米波无线个域网100描述为室内网，由于其可以同样应用于室外应用，因此本发明的范围不限于此。在一些实施例中，无线通信装置102可以是个人计算机，然而其它无线装置同样适用。第二无线通信装置104的范例可包括打印机、复印机、扫描仪和其它外围分量，然而本发明的范围不限于此。下面讨论无线通信装置102和第二无线通信装置104的其它范例。在一些实施例中，无线通信装置102可以被视作客户装置，而第二无线通信装置104可以被视作服务器装置，然而本发明的范围不限于此。在一些实施例中，第二无线通信装置104可包括多媒体装置，诸如数字照相机、可携式摄像机、音乐播放器、机顶盒、游戏控制台和HDTV，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在一些实施例中，定向天线103的定向性可能足够容许通过包括反射器106的传播信道接收毫米波信号。该定向性可能同样足以排除来自传播信道外的毫米波信号的一些或大部分多路径分量，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在这些实施例中，传播信道可包括在无线通信装置102和第二无线通信装置104之间的包括反射器106的通信路径。传播信道不包括在无线通信装置102和第二无线通信装置104之间的直接通信路径，然而本发明的范围不限于此。在这些实施例中，定向天线103的定向性可以足够禁止从第二无线通信装置104直接接收毫米波信号。在一些实施例中，传播信道可包括反射器106，从而避免直接在无线通信装置102和第二无线通信装置104之间的障碍，然而本发明的范围不限于此。在一些实施例中，定向天线103的定向性可帮助减少毫米波信号的多路径分量的接收，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在一些实施例中，可将定向天线103和105安置成在向上的方向上具有增加的定向性。例如，在一些实施例，可以由用户将定向天线103和105安置或者定向为朝上指向反射器106，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在一些实施例中，当将天线103和105向上定向时，传播信道可基本上没有障碍。这可帮助减少多路径分量并且可帮助简化信号的解调。在一些实施例中，对于大约3米的天花板高度并且打算使用的区域环绕反射器106具有大约3米的半径，反射束116的束宽可基本上覆盖打算使用的区域。在这些实施例中，定向天线103和105可分别提供具有大约60度束宽的天线波束113和115，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在一些实施例中，反射器106可包括：一个或多个金属反射器；包括电介质材料的电介质反射器；包括具有金属涂层、金属网状结构的电介质材料的电介质-金属反射器或电介质-金属反射器。电介质-金属反射器可包括多个安置在电介质材料上、具有选择的长度和间隔以反射预定的毫米波频率的金属元件，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在一些实施例中，反射器106可以是金属片并且当安置在天花板110上时在水平面上可以基本是平的或者当安置在墙壁上时在竖直面上可以基本是平的。在一些实施例中，如所示的，反射器106可以位于天花板110的下面或在墙壁上。在一些其它实施例中，反射器106在水平平面上可以基本上是平的并且可位于基本上对于毫米波信号透明的伪天花板的上侧。在一些其它实施例中，反射器106可位于可基本上对毫米波信号透明的墙壁的外侧上。这些实施例可容许隐藏反射器106于视野外，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在一些实施例中，反射器106可以是漫射反射器，然而本发明的范围不限于此。下面将详细讨论这些实施例的一些。
在一些实施例中，定向天线103和/或定向天线105可包括相控阵天线、透镜天线、喇叭天线、反射器天线、缝隙天线和/或缝隙波导天线，然而本发明的范围不限于此，因为其它定向天线也适用。在一些实施例中，可以由用户安置定向天线103和/或定向天线105以在反射器106的方向上提供增加的定向性。在一些实施例中，定向天线103和定向天线105可位于彼此的非视距位置(即阴影)内，容许在包括反射器106的传播信道上进行通信。
在一些实施例中，定向天线103和/或定向天线105可为包括毫米波透镜和芯片阵列的芯片-透镜阵列天线。芯片阵列可通过毫米波透镜产生毫米波信号入射束。芯片阵列可包括耦合到毫米波信号路径的天线元件的线阵或面阵，然而本发明的范围不限于此。在一些实施例中，毫米波透镜可包括毫米波折射材料。
在一些实施例中，定向天线103和/或定向天线105可以是包括芯片阵列和置于芯片阵列之上的毫米波折射材料的芯片透镜阵列天线。在这些实施例中，芯片阵列可在毫米波折射材料内产生并且引导毫米波信号。芯片阵列可包括耦合到毫米波信号路径的天线元件的线阵或面阵，然而本发明的范围不限于此。在一些实施例中，毫米波折射材料可使由天线元件阵列产生的信号的束宽变窄，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在一些实施例中，定向天线103和/或定向天线105可以是电控天线。在一些实施例中，当定向天线103和/或定向天线105是芯片-透镜阵列天线时，可以将天线元件的阵列耦合至束-控制电路(下面更详细讨论)以在毫米波透镜之内引导入射束，用于将毫米波信号从定向天线103引导至反射器106，然而本发明的范围不限于此。如在此使用的，术语“引导信号”可以指通过天线发送和接收信号。
在一些实施例中，定向天线103和/或定向天线105可以是包括芯片阵列和毫米波反射器的芯片阵列反射器天线。在这些实施例中，芯片阵列可定向入射束以由毫米波反射器反射而产生定向和/或可控天线波束。
在一些实施例中，定向和/或控制定向天线103和/或定向天线105朝向反射器106，以禁止接收来自传播信道的外部的毫米波信号。来自传播信道外部的信号可包括不使用毫米波接收器106直接从第二通信装置104接收的信号，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在一些实施例中，吸收元件112可以用于吸收室内的毫米波频率，以帮助减少在第一无线通信装置102和第二无线通信装置104之间通信的毫米波信号的多路径分量。尽管定向天线103可以帮助减小多路径元件的接收，这些使用吸收元件112的实施例可进一步减少多路径分量的接收，然而本发明的范围不限于此。在一些实施例中，较高定向的天线可用于进一步减少多路径分量的接收，然而本发明的范围不限于此。在一些实施例中，吸收元件112可帮助在第一和第二无线通信装置之间建立理想的相加白色高斯噪声(AWGN)通信信道，然而本发明的范围不限于此。在一些实施例中，至少部分吸收元件112包括办公室设备内的吸收材料。
在一些实施例中，可基于网络特性，相应地选择、控制和/或改变定向天线103的定向性。例如，定向天线103的定向性可基于至反射器106的距离和/或角度、反射器106的高度、毫米波无线个域网100的覆盖区域、和/或产生的多路径分量的数量，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在一些实施例中，在无线通信装置102和第二无线通信装置104之间通信的毫米波信号可包括具有多个基本正交的子载波的多载波毫米波信号。在一些实施例中，多载波毫米波信号可包括在毫米波频率的正交频分复用(OFDM)信号，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在一些其它实施例中，在无线通信装置和第二无线通信装置104之间通信的毫米波信号可包括扩频信号，然而本发明的范围不限于此。在一些可选实施例中，可使用单载波信号。在这些实施例的一些中，也可使用利用循环扩展保护间隔的具有频域均衡的单载波信号(SC-FDE)，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在一些实施例中，扩展的保护间隔可用于帮助处理从包括反射器106的传播信道的外部接收的多路径分量。当第二无线通信装置104的定向天线105定向低、容许接收一些多路径分量时，具有扩展保护间隔的毫米波信号的使用是尤其有帮助的。在一些实施例中，毫米波信号可包括实施传输控制协议(TCP)和/或互联网协议(IP)的分组通信，诸如TCP/IP网络协议，然而也可使用其它网络协议。毫米波频率可包括大约在57和90吉赫兹(GHz)之间的信号。
图2示例具有根据本发明的一些其它实施例的具有漫射反射器的室内毫米波无线个域网。室内毫米波无线个域网200包括无线通信装置202，以及漫射反射器206以反射在无线通信装置202和一个或多个第二无线通信装置204之间通信的毫米波信号。漫射反射器206可安置在与无线通信装置202间隔开的墙壁或天花板上。
如所示例的，无线通信装置202使用定向天线203以朝产生反射束216的漫射反射器206引导天线波束213。可通过定向天线205由第二无线通信装置204接收反射束216。如所示例的，定向天线205可提供被朝漫射反射器206引导的天线波束215，用于接收反射束216内的信号。天线波束213和215可分别指由定向天线203和205产生的天线模式。由于漫射反射器206的漫射操作，反射束216可覆盖比反射束116大的面积(图1)，尽管本发明的范围不限于此。
在这些实施例中，无线通信装置202可对应于无线通信装置102(图1)并且第二无线通信装置204可对应于第二无线通信装置104(图1)。在一些实施例中，漫射反射器206可包括多个漫射元件207，以漫射和反射毫米波。在一些实施例中，漫射元件207可包括在预定毫米波频率处的半波偶极子，然而本发明的范围不限于此。在一些实施例中，漫射元件207可在其间具有基本一致的间隔并且可以分布于电介质材料上。与诸如反射器106(图1)的非漫射反射器相比(图1)，在这些实施例中，漫射反射器206可在较宽区域漫射和反射毫米波信号。在这些实施例中，定向天线203可以是可控定向天线，可以响应于来自至少一个第二通信装置204的从漫射反射器206反射的毫米波信号的接收来控制该可控定向天线朝向漫射反射器206，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在一些实施例中，漫射反射器206可为频率选择性的，容许在毫米波频段内的至少某些频率被反射和漫射的同时对其它频率具有小的影响或没有影响。使用漫射反射器206可帮助分配和漫射入射信号以覆盖较大的打算使用的区域。这样，覆盖区域可较少的依靠入射束的角度(例如，天线波束213)。此外，使用漫射反射器206可容许控制定向天线203和205以从漫射反射器206发信号而不是寻求直接路径信号(即，避免使用漫射反射器206)，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在一些实施例中，定向天线203可为可控定向天线并且可提供更加定向的天线波束，如天线波束213示例的，而定向天线205可为可控制天线并且可提供更加定向的天线波束，如天线波束215所示例的。在这些实施例中，在这些实施例中，定向天线203和205可以在朝向漫射反射器206的方向上提供增强的定向性。在这些实施例中，取决于到漫射反射器206的距离，天线波束213的束宽可以小于60度，然而本发明的范围不限于此。在一些其他实施例中，第二无线通信装置204可利用较小定向的和/或非可控制的天线波束，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在一些实施例中，第二无线通信装置204之一，诸如第二无线通信装置214，可以是诸如HDTV的多媒体装置。在这些实施例中，无线通信装置202可发送由无线通信装置214接收的多媒体信号。在一些实施例中，可从外部网络接收多媒体信号。在其它实施例中，无线通信装置214可从数字媒介内部产生多媒体信号。在一些实施例中，无线通信装置214可以是高分辨率显示装置，然而本发明的范围不限于此。在这些实施例的一些中，可以在传播信道上使用毫米波信号将实时高分辨率视频从无线通信装置202流入无线通信装置214。
在一些实施例中，室内毫米波无线个域网200可包括吸收元件212以减少从传播信道的外部接收毫米波信号。吸收元件212可对应于吸收元件112(图1)。在一些实施例中，吸收元件212是可选的。
图3示出根据本发明一些实施例的毫米波无线通信装置的框图。毫米波无线通信装置300适于用作第二无线通信装置102(图1)和/或无线通信装置202(图2)。在一些实施例中，毫米波无线通信装置300适于用作第二无线通信装置104(图1)和/或一个或多个第二无线通信装置204(图2)，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
毫米波无线通信装置300可包括与毫米波收发器308耦合的可控定向天线304。毫米波收发器308可产生由可控定向天线304发送的毫米波信号。毫米波收发器308也可处理从可控定向天线304接收的毫米波信号。可控定向天线304可对应于定向天线103(图1)和/或定向天线203(图2)。
在一些实施例中，毫米波无线通信装置300可包括束-控制电路306。束-控制电路可朝诸如反射器106(图1)或漫射反射器206(图2)的毫米波反射器引导诸如天线波束113(图1)和/或天线波束213(图2)的天线波束。在一些实施例中，当可控定向天线304为具有天线元件阵列的芯片阵列反射器天线或芯片-透镜阵列天线时，例如，束-控制电路306可控制天线元件之间的幅度和/或相移，用于通过毫米波折射材料引导信号来控制天线波束至反射器106(图1)或漫射反射器206(图1)。
虽然毫米波无线通信装置300示例为具有几个分离的功能元件，但是可组合一个或多个功能元件并且可通过诸如包括数字信号处理器(DSP)的处理元件和/或其它硬件元件的软件配置的元件的组合来实施它们。例如，一些元件可包括一个或多个微处理器、DSP、专用集成电路(ASIC)以及各种用来执行于此描述的至少一个功能的硬件和逻辑电路的组合。在一些实施例中，微波无线通信装置300的功能元件可以指一个或多个在一个或多个处理元件上运行的进程。
图4示例根据本发明一些实施例的毫米波无线个域网。毫米波无线个域网400可包括无线局域网基站(WLAN BS)406和一个或多个毫米波无线通信装置，诸如无线通信装置402。如所示例的，无线通信装置402可在毫米波无线个域网(MM-W WPAN)404内操作。毫米波无线个域网404可对应于毫米波无线个域网100(图1)或毫米波无线个域网200(图2)。无线通信装置402可对应于无线通信装置102(图1)和/或无线通信装置202(图2)。无线通信装置402可以包括可以对应于定向天线103(图1)或定向天线203(图2)的一个或多个定向天线403。在一些实施例中，无线局域网基站406可以是访问接入点并且无线通信装置402可以是移动基站，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在这些实施例中，无线通信装置402可使用定向天线403以与基站406和使用漫射反射器106(图1)的第二无线通信装置104(图1)或者使用反射器206(图2)的第二无线通信装置204通信。在一些实施例中，定向天线403的向上的定向性可增加与基站406通信的总处理能力，然而本发明的范围不限于此。在这些实施例中，无线局域网400和毫米波无线个域网404的同时操作可通过频分实现，然而也可使用其它正交通信技术。在一些实施例中，无线通信装置402使用多载波通信信号410，该无线多载波通信信号410不干扰在无线个域网404内通信的毫米波信号。在一些实施例中，基站406可容许无线通信装置402与外部网络408通信和/或与毫米波无线局域网400的其它装置通信。
在一些实施例中，基站406和无线通信装置402可使用毫米波OFDM通信信号通信。在一些实施例中，基站406和无线通信装置402可根据多址接入技术通信，例如正交频分多址接入(OFDMA)，然而本发明的范围不限于此。在一些实施例中，基站406和无线通信装置402可使用扩频信号通信，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在一些实施例中，基站406可在无线通信装置402和外部网络408之间提供通信。在一些实施例中，外部网络408可包括几乎所有类型的网络，诸如互联网或内联网。在一些实施例中，外部网络408可提供用于高分辨率视频应用的视频流运输流量。在一些实施例中，外部网络408可包括电缆或卫星电视网络，以容许接收HDTV信号，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在一些实施例中，基站406可以是无线保真(WiFi)通信基站。在一些其它实施例中，基站406可以是宽带无线接入(BWA)网络通信站的一部分，诸如微波存取全球互通(WiMax)通信基站，然而本发明的范围不限于此。
在一些实施例中，第二无线通信装置104(图1)和/或第二无线通信装置204(图2)可以是便携式无线通信装置，诸如个人数字助理(PDA)、网络写字板(web tablet)、无线电话、无线耳机、呼机、即时消息装置、医学装置(例如.，心率监控器、血压监控器等)或其它可以无线地接收和/或发送信息的装置。
提供摘要以遵守要求摘要的37C.F.R.章节1.72(b)，摘要使读者确定该技术公开的本质和要点。应当理解，该提交不是用于限制或者解释权利要求的范围或含义。
在前面的详细描述中，为了简化公开，偶尔在单一实施例中将多种特征聚集在一起。这种公开的方法不应解释为意在反映所要求保护的主题的实施例需要比在每个权利要求中清楚地记载的要多的特征。更确切的，如下列权利要求反映的，发明可内涵比单一公开的实施例的所有特征更少的特征。因而，此处的下列权利要求并入具体的描述中去，每个权利要求自己为独立的优选实施例。

Claims (16)

1.一种无线通信装置，包括：
束-控制电路；以及
耦合至所述束-控制电路的定向天线，其中，安置在与所述定向天线间隔开的墙壁或天花板上的反射器反射在室内无线个域网的一个或多个第二无线通信装置和所述定向天线之间通信的毫米波信号，
其中所述反射器为包括在预定的毫米波频率的多个半波偶极子的漫射反射器，所述多个半波偶极子以其间基本上一致的间隔分布在电介质材料上，并且
其中，所述漫射反射器漫射和反射毫米波信号。
2.如权利要求1所述的无线通信装置，其中，所述定向天线的定向性容许接收通过包括所述反射器的传播信道的毫米波信号，并且基本上排除来自所述传播信道外部的毫米波信号的多路径分量。
3.如权利要求1所述的无线通信装置，其中，反射器选自下述反射器：包括电介质材料的电介质反射器；包括具有金属涂层、金属网状结构的电介质材料的电介质-金属反射器；或包括安置在电介质材料上、具有选择的长度和间隔以反射预定的毫米波频率的多个金属元件的电介质-金属反射器。
4.如权利要求1所述的无线通信装置，其中，所述定向天线为可控定向天线，可以响应于来自至少一个所述第二无线通信装置、从所述漫射反射器反射的毫米波信号的接收，来控制所述定向天线朝向所述漫射反射器。
5.如权利要求4所述的无线通信装置，其中，所述定向天线为包括毫米波透镜和芯片阵列的芯片-透镜阵列天线，所述芯片阵列包括天线元件的阵列，所述芯片阵列产生毫米波信号的入射束，并且
其中，所述天线元件的阵列耦合至所述束-控制电路，在所述毫米波透镜内引导入射束，以将毫米波信号从所述定向天线引导至所述反射器。
6.如权利要求5所述的无线通信装置，其中，所述毫米波透镜包括直接置于所述芯片阵列上的毫米波折射材料。
7.一种在室内个域网内通信的方法，包括：
使用耦合至第一无线通信装置的定向天线朝安置在与所述第一无线通信装置间隔开的墙壁或天花板上的毫米波反射器引导毫米波信号；以及
利用所述反射器，使用毫米波信号建立传播信道，用于在所述第一无线通信装置和一个或多个第二无线通信装置之间通信，
其中，所述毫米波反射器为漫射反射器，并且
其中，所述方法还包括使用所述漫射反射器漫射由所述第一无线通信装置发送的毫米波信号，以由所述一个或多个第二无线通信装置接收，并且
其中，所述漫射反射器包括在预定的毫米波频率的多个半波偶极子，以漫射毫米波信号，所述多个半波偶极子以其间基本上一致的间隔分布在电介质材料上。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，还包括基本上避免直接从所述一个或多个第二无线通信装置接收毫米波信号的多路径分量。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，还包括控制所述定向天线接收主要通过所述传播信道的毫米波信号，并且
其中，反射器选自下述反射器：包括电介质材料的电介质反射器；包括具有金属涂层、金属网状结构的电介质材料的电介质-金属反射器；或包括安置在电介质材料上、具有选择的长度和间隔以反射预定的毫米波频率的多个金属元件的电介质-金属反射器。
10.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述定向天线为包括毫米波折射材料和芯片阵列的芯片-透镜阵列，所述芯片阵列包括天线元件的阵列，
其中，控制包括所述芯片阵列通过所述毫米波折射材料产生和引导毫米波信号的入射束，并且
其中，所述毫米波折射材料直接置于所述芯片阵列上或包括在所述芯片阵列间具有间隔的毫米波透镜。
11.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述定向天线为包括内部毫米波反射器和芯片阵列的芯片阵列反射器天线，所述芯片阵列包括天线元件的阵列，
其中，控制包括所述芯片阵列在所述内部毫米波反射器产生和引导毫米波信号的入射束。
12.如权利要求7所述的方法，还包括使用多载波毫米波信号通过所述传播信道将实时视频从所述第一无线通信装置流入所述第二无线通信装置，
其中，所述第二无线通信装置包括高分辨率显示装置。
13.一种毫米波个域网，包括：
包括分布在毫米波电介质材料上的多个偶极子的漫射反射器，用于漫射和反射毫米波信号；以及
耦合至第一无线通信装置的可控天线，用于朝所述漫射反射器引导毫米波信号，以由第二无线通信装置接收。
14.如权利要求13所述的网络，其中，所述偶极子包括预定的毫米波频率的半波偶极子，
其中，所述可控天线包括天线元件的阵列，以及毫米波反射器或毫米波折射材料，并且
其中，所述第一无线通信装置包括束控制电路，以控制所述天线元件的阵列来将在毫米波反射器处或者通过毫米波折射材料的入射束引导至所述漫射反射器的方向。
15.如权利要求14所述的网络，其中，当所述可控天线包括毫米波折射材料时，所述毫米波折射材料包括毫米波透镜，以使由所述天线元件的阵列产生的所述入射束的束宽变窄。
16.如权利要求14所述的网络，其中，所述毫米波信号包括范围在大约57和90吉赫兹（GHz）之间的多载波信号，并且包括扩展的保护间隔。
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