CN101374596A - 一种油粘合剂的制备方法以及由此方法制备的油粘合剂 - Google Patents
一种油粘合剂的制备方法以及由此方法制备的油粘合剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101374596A CN101374596A CNA2007800033639A CN200780003363A CN101374596A CN 101374596 A CN101374596 A CN 101374596A CN A2007800033639 A CNA2007800033639 A CN A2007800033639A CN 200780003363 A CN200780003363 A CN 200780003363A CN 101374596 A CN101374596 A CN 101374596A
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Abstract
一种油粘合剂的制备方法,所述油粘合剂是通过在原材料中利用废纸和陶土制得的,具有陶瓷基质的颗粒状、开放多孔结构,其特征在于,在总原料混合物中分别取重量百分比为35-60%的淤泥,其含水量为70至85%、重量百分比为25-55%的废纸,其含水量为35至55%、重量百分比为10-25%的陶土,还有可选择性的重量百分比为1-3%的沸石、重量百分比为1至2%的生石灰和/或占重量百分比达3%的飞灰混合成一种均匀的混合物,而后,将所述原材料加工成平均直径为4-6mm的颗粒,紧接着将所述颗粒干燥并随后在950-1050℃下进行烧制。所述按照本发明方法制备的油粘合剂具有0.4至0.75kg/l的松散比重以及每千克油粘合剂结合0.7至1.01油的油粘合能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种油粘合剂的制备方法以及按照此方法制备的油粘合剂,通过在原料中利用废纸和陶土,所述油粘合剂具有硅酸盐陶瓷基质的颗粒状、开放多孔结构。
背景技术
在实践中公开了一系列不同的由无机或有机材料构成或制备的油粘合剂。由无机材料例如像硅藻土、浮石等这样来源于天然硅酸盐的材料、或者被加工成硅酸盐产品的天然材料构成的油粘合剂大多数都是颗粒状的。由有机材料构成的油粘合剂是由塑料组成的,例如,由聚氨酯、聚丙烯组成。
JP6100284A公开了一种吸油颗粒,所述吸油颗粒由无机粘合剂、含陶土的有机粘合剂以及一种含有亲脂疏水物质的粉末制成。所述无机粉末包含由矿渣沉积物、石料粉末沉积物、废纸或飞灰构成的混合物和陶土。通过在无机粉末中混入锯末、蛭石或珍珠岩来提高其孔隙率。所述已与油结合的颗粒在被亲油物质重新浸渍之后被烧结、贮存或再使用。
JP57165034A公开了一种多孔材料作为油粘合剂,所述材料由锯末和一种粉末硅土和陶土的混合物衍生而来。在该搅拌均匀的混合物转变成预期的形状后,待干燥后在高温下烧制。然后,将所述被烧制后的材料与一疏水性液体一起进行加工处理。
JP7018290A和JP7265696A公开了一种由废纸组成的吸油剂,所述废纸中加入了沸石,选择性地借助粘合剂,如聚乙二醇。
然而,上述公开的油粘合剂都有制备过程费时以及其制品所需部分材料相对昂贵的特点。此外,在油粘合剂的制备中尽可能利用高比例的如淤泥这样的废料并没有得到令人满意的效果。而且,在先公开的油粘合剂的使用可能性以及在此种孔隙率下与油结合的效果并不令人满意。
发明内容
在环境保护的领域,特别是在石油污染水域或者土地的情况下,对于消除或者至少减少导致例如油污染的污染源来说,油粘合剂是不可或缺的物质。如同环保地清除废料的想法,在上述情况中申请人也力求将使用废料作为发明的任务。这种将废料运用于其中而生产出的油粘合剂具有更广泛的应用领域和高度的油粘合能力。
术语“油粘合剂”或“油粘合剂”在下文中将不再仅仅理解为石油、油类产品或者液体碳氢化合物的粘合剂,也要理解为化学试剂。
本发明的目的通过上文中所述方法来解决,即,在总原材料中分别取重量百分比为35-60%的淤泥,其含水量为70至85%、重量百分比为25-55%的废纸,其含水量为35至55%、重量百分比为10-25%的陶土、还有可选择的加入重量百分比为1-3%的沸石、重量百分比为1-2%的生石灰和/或重量百分比达3%的飞灰混合成一种均匀的混合物;然后,将所得到的原材料加工成平均直径为4-6mm的颗粒,紧接着将所述颗粒干燥并随后在950-1050℃下进行烧制。
然而,尤其是考虑到油粘合剂特殊的使用和生产可能性,相对于总原料重量的淤泥组分的重量百分比降至35%以下一直到15%,这样是完全可能的,因此淤泥的重量百分比可以处于20-60%的范围内。
按照本发明方法生产的油粘合剂的优势,一方面在于由此可以额外地有目的性的利用废料,另一方面在于生产出一种满足所有要求的油粘合剂,特别是例如,根据德国标准类别III所要求的油粘合剂的油粘合能力和洗脱性能。
按照本发明所述的方法,其特征还在于,为了制造包含有机和矿物组分的混合物,至少所使用的矿物组分的颗粒度小于100μm。
本发明的一个具体实施方式是利用部分脱水后的城政淤泥,其含水量约为70至85%以及其有机物成分在其总干燥材料中的重量百分比约为40至60%。此外,根据本发明,所利用的废纸的含水量为35至55%,其有机成分在其总干燥材料中的重量百分比大约为70至90%。
按照本发明,所利用的陶土是颗粒度小于100μm,特别是小于60μm的粉末状陶土。
按照本发明所述方法的一个具体实施方式,所利用的生石灰和/或飞灰的比例相当于其在废纸中的比例。在任何情况下,生石灰和飞灰都用作混合物粘度的离子供体和稳定剂。
按照本发明所述方法的另一个特征,陶土成分中重量百分比达3%的陶土被木质素或木质素衍生物与陶土的预混合物替代,优选木质素或木质素衍生物/陶土的预混合物含有木质素或木质素衍生物相对于预先混合物总成分的重量百分比达10%。
按照本发明所述方法的其他特征,所述原材料被挤压形成通心管状颗粒或者还可以随后继续被加工成丸状。
按照本发明方法生产的油粘合剂具有的松散比重为0.4至0.75kg/l,以及其油粘合能力为每千克油粘合剂结合0.7至1.01油。
根据DIN以及NORM确定的,例如,借助室式过滤机或离心机将在预制备混合物中使用的部分市政淤泥的水分排出至水分占其重量百分比的70至85%。在第一个加工步骤中,将所述部分脱水的淤泥、废纸、和磨碎成颗粒小于100μm,优选小于60μm的陶土以及沸石以规定的量在混合设备中相互紧密混合以形成高均质性的原材料,其中优选将后两者预先混合在一起。
所述混合过程可以批量进行。将各组分分批加入并混合或搅拌混合物中的各组分使得原材料的均匀性达到最高标准。均匀性程度的标准是按照后续加工过程所使用的均匀度,在新鲜原材料的任何所给部分的量中精确统计各个组分的分配。
所述原材料在法律定义上来讲代表的是一种次级原材料,其最终状态是一种凝固的膏状物,所述膏状物的均匀性绝大部分(超过50%)在10至100μm(<100μm)的范围内。
在某种需要下,将木质素和木质素衍生物或含膨润土的木质素和木质素衍生物的混合物加入到陶土中使其重量比达到3%,其中,陶土成分减少了同样的份量。
得到的原材料在烧制之后没有通过造粒装置继续加工生产成标准的粒化颗粒(90%小于4mm),而是借助螺旋挤压机将原材料加工成连续的圆柱状通心管式结构。其中,挤压时可利用例如孔径为4.5-5mm的筛孔喷嘴(Siebmunds tueck),在继续加工的过程同样通过烧制、必要时通过切碎方法使最终得到的颗粒具有如前面所规定粒化颗粒的标准直径。
所述原材料也能利用制砖技术进行成型,其中,在此情况下所得到的砖形物体必须在烧制之后通过标准粒子区分法消减成颗粒。
特别是在利用制砖技术加工原材料时,必要时在进行单独预干燥后在火炉中例如,回转窑或隧道炉中烧制加工后的原材料,其烧制温度大约为950-1050℃。在烧制原材料时淤泥和废纸的水分以及有机成分会挥发。结果得到一种由高孔隙硅酸盐陶瓷材料构成的粒状产品(颗粒度小于4mm)。所得到的产品可以直接作为油粘合剂使用。
接下来将逐个展示所述混合物组分的特性以及作用:
淤泥
在脱水处理之后,根据不同的方法淤泥的含水量大约占其总重量的70-85%(按照DIN和NORM来确定)。在城政淤泥中,有机物质的比例大约占其干燥物质(Trockenmasse)重量的40-60%。淤泥的作用是作为燃尽物质(与废纸一起)在烧制时促使油粘合剂达到相应的孔隙率。淤泥的矿物成分有助于油粘合剂产生陶瓷基质。
废纸
这里使用的废纸具有水分含量大约占其总重量的35-55%。有机成分大约占干燥物质总重量的70-90%。废纸同淤泥一样是一种燃尽物质,并且用作生孔剂。矿物成分有助于使油粘合剂产生陶瓷基质。
陶土粉末
陶土粉末的根本作用是在烧制过程中使油粘合剂生成陶瓷基质(陶瓷结构)。此外,陶土降低了有害物质的流动性,特别是在原材料中的有害物质。在矿物学上此成分基本上指的是一般成分的伊利石-高岭石、方解石/文石和无白云石陶土。
沸石
沸石粉末用于结合有害物质(特指重金属)以及减小原材料的气味,同时也促进陶瓷基质的生成。
生石灰和飞灰
这两个组分作为水份调节剂,由此来促进混合物的稳定性并调节混合物的粘度,同时也作为离子供体。
矿物-有机添加剂
由木质素和膨润土混合物组成的添加剂能促进陶瓷结构的形成(多孔性和陶瓷基质)并且有助于降低有害物质的流动性,特别是在原材料中的有害物质。
如扫描电子显微实验所示,所述烧制而成的产品指的是一种作为油粘合剂来使用的、高孔隙的陶瓷产品,由于水蒸气的挥发以及特别是有机物质的烧尽,使其具有孔隙直径在1-100μm范围内的开孔。依赖于原材料的混合条件和加工方法,所述油粘合剂的松散比重松散比重处于0.42至0.75kg/l之间。
颗粒度的分配标准为:
10%以下的颗粒大于4mm(>4mm<10%)
90%以上的颗粒大小在0.125-4mm之间(0.125-4mm>90%)
10%以下的颗粒小于0.125mm(<0.125mm<10%)
油粘合能力为每千克油粘合剂结合0.7至1.01标准油。
具体实施方式
按照本发明制备的油粘合剂特性的产品的具体实施例:
实施例1:
油粘合剂A:
a)混合物组分:
部分脱水的城市下水道淤泥 废纸 陶土粉末 沸石粉末
(离心分离) (<60μm) (<60μm)
56% 28% 15% 1%
b)化学成分:
利用RFA的测量结果
淤泥:水分含量占其总重量的81.5%;干燥物质中有机成分重量百分比为56.7%
废纸:水分含量占其总重量的54.9%
c)制造方法:挤压和在回转窑中烧制
d)油粘合剂的矿物含量、主要成分(X光衍射测定法):
石英:重量百分比大约为17%
赤铁矿:重量百分比大约为8%
低结晶度的长石(斜长岩、钾碱长石)以及
+/-X光非结晶的、类长石硅酸铝化合物和其他X光非晶形的化合物。
e)油粘合剂数据
松散比重 油粘合能力
420g/l 1kg油粘合剂粘合0.7001油
所述油粘合剂满足德国标准类别III的所有条件(特别是油粘合能力和洗脱性能)。
实施例2:
油粘合剂B:
混合物成分:
部分脱水的城政淤泥 废纸 陶土* 沸石粉末**
(腔室压滤器) (<60μm) (<60μm)
56% 28% 15% 1%
淤泥:水分含量占总重量的74.2%;干燥物质中有机成分的重量百分比为56.7%
*陶土粉末,**沸石粉末
生产方法:挤压和在回转窑中烧制
实施例3:
a)混合物成分:
淤泥:重量百分比为37.7%
废纸:重量百分比为47.0%
陶土:重量百分比为10.5%
生石灰:重量百分比为1.5%
飞灰:重量百分比为3.0%
木质素:重量百分比为0.3%
b)油粘合剂数据
b1)颗粒度分布:
参数 | 单位 | 结果 |
粗粒成分>4mm | 重量百分比% | <0.1 |
4mm-0.5mm | 重量百分比% | 82.0 |
0.5mm-0.125mm | 重量百分比% | 17.8 |
细粒成分<0.125mm | 重量百分比% | 0.2 |
b2)松散比重 b3)油粘合能力
690g/l 1kg油粘合剂粘合0.9971油
所述油粘合剂满足德国标准类别III的所有条件(特别是油粘合能力和洗脱性能)。
b4)洗脱检测结果
pH值 11
导电能力 600μS/cm
TOC 4.9mg/l
苯酚指数 <0.01mg/l
砷 <0.01mg/l
铅 <0.02mg/l
镉 <0.002mg/l
铬-VI <0.01mg/l
铜 0.03mg/l
镍 0.013mg/l
汞 <0.0005mg/l
锌 0.01mg/l
氟化物 0.47mg/l
铵 <0.5mg/l
氰化物,易清除的 <0.01mg/l
AOX 0.033mg/l
水溶性物质成分 0.49%
Claims (12)
1.一种油粘合剂的制备方法,所述油粘合剂是通过在原材料中利用废纸和陶土制得的,具有陶瓷基质的颗粒状、开放多孔结构,其特征在于,相对总原料分别取重量百分比为35-60%的淤泥,其含水量为70至85%、重量百分比为25-55%的废纸,其含水量为35至55%、重量百分比为10-25%的陶土,必要时重量百分比为1-3%的沸石、重量百分比为1至2%的生石灰和/或占重量百分比达3%的飞灰混合成一种均匀的混合物,而后,将所述原材料加工成平均直径为4-6mm的颗粒,紧接着将所述颗粒干燥并随后在950-1050℃下进行烧制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,使用颗粒度小于100μm的矿物组分以生成包含有机和矿物组分的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所用部分脱水的城政淤泥的含水量大约占其总重量的75至80%,相对于其总干燥物质,其有机物质的重量百分比大约为50至60%。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所利用的废纸含有有机成分占其总重量的70至90%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所利用的陶土是颗粒度小于100μm,尤其是小于60μm的粉末状陶土。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,以相应比例的生石灰和/或飞灰替代废纸。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,陶土成分中重量百分比达3%的陶土被木质素或木质素衍生物与陶土的预先混合物替代。
8.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,木质素或木质素衍生物/陶土的预混合物含有木质素或木质素衍生物相对于预先混合物总成分的重量百分比达10%。
9.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,原材料被挤压形成通心管状的颗粒。
10.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,原材料被进一步加工形成丸状。
11.根据权利要求1至7所述的任意一种方法制备的油粘合剂,其特征在于,所述油粘合剂具有0.4至0.75kg/l的松散比重。
12.根据权利要求1至7所述的方法制备的油粘合剂,其特征在于,所述油粘合剂具有油粘合能力为每千克油粘合剂结合0.7至1.01油。
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ATA110/2006 | 2006-01-25 | ||
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Cited By (2)
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CN104812478A (zh) * | 2012-10-17 | 2015-07-29 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | 有助于吸附石油产品的、脂质涂覆的植物基材料,制备其的工艺及其用途 |
CN116606122A (zh) * | 2023-05-23 | 2023-08-18 | 常熟理工学院 | 协同利用废矿物油与垃圾焚烧飞灰制备耐火砖的方法及耐火砖 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104812478A (zh) * | 2012-10-17 | 2015-07-29 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | 有助于吸附石油产品的、脂质涂覆的植物基材料,制备其的工艺及其用途 |
CN116606122A (zh) * | 2023-05-23 | 2023-08-18 | 常熟理工学院 | 协同利用废矿物油与垃圾焚烧飞灰制备耐火砖的方法及耐火砖 |
CN116606122B (zh) * | 2023-05-23 | 2024-05-24 | 常熟理工学院 | 协同利用废矿物油与垃圾焚烧飞灰制备耐火砖的方法及耐火砖 |
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HK1123769A1 (en) | 2009-06-26 |
CN101374596B (zh) | 2012-06-13 |
ES2681680T3 (es) | 2018-09-14 |
MX2008009554A (es) | 2008-10-21 |
WO2007085031A1 (de) | 2007-08-02 |
AT503198A1 (de) | 2007-08-15 |
DK1979091T3 (en) | 2018-08-13 |
US7932203B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 |
BRPI0707240B1 (pt) | 2016-12-27 |
EP1979091B1 (de) | 2018-05-02 |
PT1979091T (pt) | 2018-08-03 |
PL1979091T3 (pl) | 2018-11-30 |
BRPI0707240A2 (pt) | 2011-04-26 |
US20090203514A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
EP1979091A1 (de) | 2008-10-15 |
AT503198B1 (de) | 2008-10-15 |
RU2389546C1 (ru) | 2010-05-20 |
EG25152A (en) | 2011-09-26 |
RU2008134462A (ru) | 2010-02-27 |
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