CN101356644A - 具有可拆卸元件的电子装置 - Google Patents
具有可拆卸元件的电子装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101356644A CN101356644A CNA2007800011593A CN200780001159A CN101356644A CN 101356644 A CN101356644 A CN 101356644A CN A2007800011593 A CNA2007800011593 A CN A2007800011593A CN 200780001159 A CN200780001159 A CN 200780001159A CN 101356644 A CN101356644 A CN 101356644A
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种使用各向异性导电薄膜(ACM)作为元件互连,并用压有安插凹槽的基板或定位夹具来将元件便利地安装在电子装置中的基板上的装配电子装置的系统和方法。该夹具可包括多层互连,以提高密封于外壳之中的电子装置的布线密度。对准链接可用于监测一个复杂装置之中ACM界面元件的位置和接触的完整度。该系统和方法使元件可以取下再用。元件的互连组件或传导通路可用于通过ACM层互连多层邻近基板成为一个堆叠式电子装置。
Description
技术领域
总的来说,本发明涉及电子装置,更具体地,涉及将各向异性导电材料用作元件间的互连,以及使用嵌有安装孔的基板或使用定位装置的夹具,来方便元件在基板上的安装的一种电子装配技术。
背景技术
电子装置一般是使用表面贴片技术(Surface MountTechnology,SMT),或用目前较新的板上芯片封装(Chip on Board,COB)技术来装配。使用SMT时,通过将一层很薄的焊锡膏印在基板上,然后经过一个加温回流过程将元件焊在基板上,来将封装好的电子元件焊接在如印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board,PCB)的基板上。使用COB技术,将细金属线附着或焊接到基板上的裸芯片以制成连线装置。然后,可以将一层树脂涂覆到已连线的元件表面,来保护裸露的连线在装配过程中不致损坏。
利用SMT和COB技术都有一个问题,其中已焊接或是已连线的元件,一经安置到基板上,就难以取下来修理或是重新再使用。在主机板上,通常都会使用插槽座来安装中央处理器(CentralProcessing Unit,CPU)芯片,以简化升级或是更换。但是这种插槽座是较贵的。因此,需要一种装配技术使元件可以容易地从基板上取下来重修,再使用,或者换新。
发明内容
本发明旨在利用一种装配技术来解决上述问题,该装配技术将各向异性导电薄膜(Anisotropic conducting membrane,ACM)用于元件间的互连界面,以及使用具有预先刻好的安装孔的基板,或是具有对准功能的夹具,以方便地将元件装配到基板上的电子装置。具有对准功能的夹具包括在夹具中的预定空间区域处的开口。选择在基板上预先刻好的安装孔或是夹具上的开口,以当一个元件被安置在孔或开口处时其能够使一个元件的触点阵列与在基板上的特定焊盘(land)图案相匹配。在基板上刻好的孔或是在夹具上的开口都可以用于在放置于基板上之后固定各向异性导电薄膜(ACM)界面的元件。各向异性导电薄膜(ACM)将元件电连接到基板,它也使元件可以随时被取下来重修或替换。一个ACM层可以直接压覆在元件表面。可选地,ACM层可以在装配过程期间放在基板的表面处。
电子装置中,一个对准链接可以监控在基板上一组元件的位置和接触的完整度。通过整合在元件上预定区域作为对准标记的传导垫,并且整合在基板上预定区域作为参考标记的传导垫,以与将安置在基板上的元件的对准标记位置相匹配,可以构建一个对准链接。这种对准链接的组成是由连接在一组元件上的对准标记和在基板上的对应参考标记,经由ACM互连层从一个元件到下个元件,从而形成一组在被监控的元件间具有串连和连续性的传导通道。可以根据电子装置的复杂性,将这种对准链接细分成多个较小的对准链接,以通过监控它们的传导状况来检测联成较小组的元件间的位置和传导整体性。
在本发明的不同实施例中,一个电子装置也许可以堆叠多重的基板成为一个更为精简的三维结构。互连元件可用来促进在堆叠结构中相邻基板之间的互连性。这种互连元件包括预构的传导通道、或者在一个平面结构上的导引路径、或者插入夹具的开口处或基板上预先刻好的孔的封装,用于通过ACM层来互连相邻的基板。这种在基板上具有很少位置限制的互连元件,可用来取代昂贵的插槽、机械接头或是柔性电路板,以简化电子装置的设计。
电子装置也是可以使用外壳来封装,以将ACM界面成份固定在确定的位置上,例如闪存卡(Flash)中的塑胶外壳。可以将外壳的内部表层模制成能配合元件的各个高度特性。这个外壳也可以为打开的匣子的形式以方便取出元件,就像用于闪存模块(MemoryModule)中的散热片一样。这个外壳可以包含接触点或开口,以方便从外壳上监控对准链接。
在此示出一些在电子装置中使用各向异性导电材料的示例性方式。有一种示例性方式使用一个基板,包括:刻有的孔,以便能更有效的安装元件;以及各向异性导电薄膜,在雕刻纹路上作为到基板的元件间的互连层。该ACM可以直接压覆到元件的互连表面,来简化在电子装置制造中的额外ACM安装步骤。另一可选的示例性方式是在电子装置上使用对准夹具。这个对准夹具可以使用一个安装设备来对准到基板上,并且如果这个夹具也包含互连线路,则可以使用各向异性导电粘剂或焊锡膏连接到基板上。可选地,在设置夹具之前,可以将一层ACM设置在基板表面上。在基板上刻有的孔和夹具上的开口都可以将元件很准确地固定在基板的目标焊盘图案上。对准标记或是对准机构也可以结合到夹具中,以使其与基板上与之匹配的参考标记或参考机构对准,尽管光学图案辨认技术将用于将夹具对准到基板上。
本发明示例性实施例的好处包括在传统的元件电子装置中,使用ACM层来取代焊锡膏或是直接连线。通过将ACM用作元件之间的互连层和使用了夹具,抑或是在基板上刻好的孔,元件可以随时从电子装置上取下来或是重安装回去。对于那些比较昂贵或是暂时短缺的元件可以随时从不同的电子装置上取下来或是重新再用。那些损毁的元件也可以很容易地取下来重修。此外,元件可以在系统升级中卸下或更换。由于ACM层的使用就造成这样弹性的结果,使得电子装置的元件可以很容易的取下来再重装,而不需要经历有可能损坏到元件或其他电子装置的必要的电焊或是切掉连线。
附图说明
图1示出了在示例性实施例中利用辅助传导路径连接到基板上的一组参考标记的元件处的一组对准标记;
图2示出了使用各向异性导电薄膜作为互连层将两个两个元件链接到基板上的对准链接的示例性实施例;
图3示出了在示例性实施例中包含对准链接的密封式电子装置;
图4A示出了使用了夹具来将元件装配到密封在外壳中的基板上的示例性电子装置的图示;
图4B示出了包含互连线路且连接到下方基板的一种示例性夹具的俯视图;
图5示出了一种存储模块的示例性电子装置,其中,夹具被连接到基板以将ACM界面的元件固定到密封在外壳中的位置;
图6示出了根据本发明示例性实施例的一种包裹在两片外壳中的包括夹具、元件、对准链接、和与外部界面的存储模块的俯视图;
图7示出了用于将ACM覆盖的元件装配到封合在外壳中的示例性装置中预刻有安装孔的基板上的示例性方法的流程图;
图8示出了利用ACP和ACM结合的技术来装配电子装置的示例性方法的流程图;以及
图9示出了一种由多重MFS层叠组成的示例性堆叠装置。
具体实施方式
在此详述示例性实施例。然而,应当了解本发明可以各种形式实现。因而,在此公开的具体细节不应被解释为构成对本发明的限制,而应以权利要求为基础,以及本领域技术人员应当理解可以事实上任一适当的详细系统、结构和方式来利用本发明的实施例。
一个示例性实施例是包括通过各向异性导电材料作为互连层安装到基板上的可拆卸元件的一个电子装置。该电子装置可包含对准链接,以监测元件在基板上横跨包括各向异性导电材料的互连层的位置和接触完整。
诸如闪存卡(Flash cards)、附加板(Add-on boards)、或存储模块的电子装置均具有直接焊接或用导线焊接在基板上的元件,使得元件难以取下或重用。各向异性导电材料可代替在传统电子元件的焊膏或导线焊接。各向异性导电材料在一个特定方向上导电,其非常适合作为在元件和基板之间的互连层。两类各向异性导电材料可用于电子装置,一种是各向异性导电薄膜(ACM),另一种是各向异性导电粘剂(ACP)。ACM在基板表面可贴可剥。ACM也可以直接贴附在元件界面上。ACP通常是膏状,可以印刷或分配到对置的基板表面。ACP通常是一种包括导电填充料和黏结剂的材料。例如,导电填充料是镀金树脂球,而黏结剂是稀释合成橡胶。黏结剂能够结合两个或两个以上的物件,以在粘结剂固化后将ACP用作互连材料。
最好是由可拆卸的元件构成电子装置。例如,昂贵或供不应求的元件可随时从一个电子装置拆下,并重新使用在不同的电子装置上。有缺陷的元件也可以容易地取下重装。此外,元件还可以随时取下,在系统升级时以更高性能的元件取而代之。这种灵活性源于ACM层使得取下元件时不需去除焊锡或去除焊线这些可能损坏元件或电子装置的其他部分的过程。
在电子装置中,最好具有用于监测或诊断基板上的元件位置和接触完整度的方法。为此,一个或多个对准链接可集成到装置中。在示例性实施例中,一个对准链接通过以下步骤构成:集成在元件预定区处的一组对准导电垫(即,对准标记)和在基板上的指定点处的一组匹配参考导电垫(即,参考标记),以检测基板上元件安装的完整度,其中,元件的对准标记及基板上的匹配参考标记,由一个串行连续传导路径交错地在元件与基板之间,通过基板上各组元件的ACM层来从一个元件连接到另一个元件。根据电子装置的复杂程度,对准链接可被划分为多个较小对准链接,以通过测试其传导状态来检测链接中较小元件组的位置和接触的完整度。
图1示出了元件中的一组对准标记和在具有在其间的ACM层的基板上的一组匹配参考标记。对准标记是元件上的一个导电接触区或一个导电垫,用于对准元件或监测基板上的元件位置和接触完整度。对准标记可在元件的顶面或底面。在元件顶面的对准标记被称为直接对准标记,以及在元件底面的对准标记被称为间接对准标记。直接对准标记可直接接触来测探,而间接对准标记将在元件固定在基板后间接接触来测探。直接对准标记可进一步通过传导通路连接至元件底面,以与ACM层接触。
间接对准标记与ACM层直接接触。间接对准标记可通过在同一元件上的传导通路连接到其他间接对准标记。元件上的间接对准标记可通过ACM层经由一个连接到元件外基板表面的一个探测点的独立传导通路来间接接触。元件可以是一个集成电路、经封装的装置、经堆叠的装置、传感器、或机电元件。对于经封装的装置,对准标记可设于外包装上而不实际连接到封装内的电路。例如,对于一个裸蕊片,对准标记可以构建在芯片切割线或芯片范围内。
在图1中,元件100包含一个直接对准标记110和两个间接对准标记120和130。在示例性实施例中,直接对准标记110可在接触区111通过传导通路115接触到ACM层140。与ACM层140接触的两个间接对准标记120和130通过传导通路125连接在一起。图1所示的传导通路115和125以及对准标记110、120、和130只是例举,不应该被看作是对准标记和导电通路的可能详尽列举。
图1还示出了元件100和基板150通过ACM层140的互连。基板表面145包括参考标记160、170和180。参考标记是基板表面145的一个导电垫或一个接触区,被设置为与元件100的相应对准标记进行对准。在示例性实施例中,一套参考标记(例如160、170和180)相对于基板150焊盘图案的空间位置应与一套对准标记(例如,110、120和130)相对于元件100的触点阵列之的空间位置相匹配。结果,将这套元件上的对准标记(例如110、120和130)对准到基板上的一套参考标记(例如110、170和180),在元件100安装后,可以检测元件100的触点阵列是否准确和恰当地设置在基板150的焊盘图案上。图1中,参考标记160被配置为通过对准标记110进行对准,参考标记170被配置为利用对准标记120进行对准,以及参考标记180被配置为利用对准标记130进行对准。图1所示的参考标记只是例举,不应理解为是参考标记的可能详尽清列举。
图2示出了一个包含对准链接的电子装置200的示例性视图。在示例性实施例中示出了两个元件210和220、两个ACM层230和240、基板250、以及对准链接245。元件210和220分别经由ACM层230和240连接到基板250。元件210包括在顶面处的两个直接对准标记201和202,其进一步通过两个传导通路203和204连接以与接触元件210底部接触焊点205和206处的ACM层230进行接触。如果元件210正确地对准到基板250上,则通过ACM层230,对准标记201和202就可与基板表面242上的参考标记233和234进行接触。传导通路203和204使得元件210在基板250上的配置和接触状况可从元件顶面208探测到。传导通路207连接与对准标记201和202相关的底部触点205和206,形成元件210对准链接245的一部分。
元件220包括在底面处的两个间接对准标记215和216。在示例性实施例中,间接对准标记215和216无法从元件220顶部接入。传导通路217连接两个间接校准标记215和216,以成为对准链接245的一部分。为了通过ACM层240接入元件220的间接对准标记216,基板250上集成了传导通路238,其一端连接到在基板表面242的参考标记237,而另一端也连接到基板表面242的探针区239。为了通过ACM层240接入间接对准标记215,基板250上集成了传导通路235,其一端连接到参考标记236,而另一端连接到参考标记234,以成为对准链接245的一部分。间接对准标记有助于对准链接的形成。
ACM层230和240被配置为在电子装置200中取代焊锡膏或焊线。ACM层230和240在一个特定方向上导电,在该实例中为垂直方向。ACM层230和240将元件210、220电互连至基板250,但未将电流传导到ACM层内的邻近区域。ACM层使元件可以方便地从基板表面装上或卸下。
参考标记231、233、234、236、237和239预制在基板表面242上,其中,参考标记233和234用于设置元件210,参考标记236和237用于设置元件220,以及参考标记231和239用于探测对准链接245的完整度。
当元件210和220通过ACM层230和240确实对准到基板250上时,连续对准链接245形成一个串行连续的传导路径,其跨越ACM层230和240交错于元件210和220及基板250之间。对准链接245源自基板250上的探点(例如,参考标记231),通过连接到参考标记233的传导通路232,然后跨过ACM层230,到达元件210的匹配底面触点205,而后通过在元件210处的传导通路207到达不同的表面触点206,然后再度跨过ACM层230回到基板250,连接参考标记234,通过传导通路235前进到为第二个元件220设置的参考标记236,然后越过ACM层240耦合到在元件220的间接对准标记215,通过在元件220处的传导通路217到达在同一个元件220上的间接对准标记216,穿过ACM层240再度回到基板250上的参考标记237处,此处通过在基板250处的传导通路238耦合到与对准链接245相关的末端探点239。传导通路232、235和238可嵌入基板250或者制造在基板表面242。在元件210或220偏离了在基板250处的目标位置,或者元件210或220与基板250之间接触不良的情况下,在元件210或220处的对准标记将不再与在基板250的相应参考标记对齐或接触。从对准链接的端点(例如,213或239)就检测不到传导状态。
传导通路232和238附加在对准链接245的末端,以提供用以测试装置200中对准链接245的完整度的接入点231和239。在各个示例性实施例中,对准链接245可接地或接电源,以将其分成两个独立的较短对准链接。接地或连电源处产生了分开对准链接的一个新终端。一个装置中的元件也可分成若干小组,以形成几组对准链接。多重对准链接更有效地找出装置的错位元件,这是因为一个较小对准链接可能包含电子装置局部范围内较少数量的元件。一个大型对准链接还可以沿其传导通路或在其元件处加入多个测试点,以监测任何两个试测点之间的接触状况。
诸如电阻器、电容器、电感器、和其他小型装置的无源元件一般都是成本低或尺寸小,其在基板制造时可以直接嵌入到基板250中(例如,嵌入式电容器及嵌入式电阻),或在电子装置制造期间焊在基板表面242。
在一个电子装置中,诸如塑料外壳或散热片的外盒或防护结构可以用来固定ACM界面元件。通过包含在装置中的对准链接,密封在防护结构中的不能从外界容易地接入的元件位置和接触状态可通过对准链接来监测和检测。除了可以分别将电压源和地施加到对准链接终端而直接测量对准链接的传导状况之外,可将多种方法用于监测元件在对准链接上的安插完整度。例如,如果一个传感装置附在对准链接的一个连接点,其可在基板表面或集成到元件,然后沿对准链接的一组元件的位置及接触状况的完整度可以通过监测传感装置而容易地检测。例如,传感装置可以是元件中连接至元件可接入的对准标记的一个锁存装置。通过从对准链接的一个端点施加信号并监测元件处传感装置的状况,从一个端点到元件的包含该传感装置的对准链接的完整度可随时确定。通过切换施加到对准链接的一个端点的信号,可以监测沿对准链接的元件处的传感装置或锁存装置,以确定它是否相应切换。如果不是,从而确定电子装置中沿对准链接有接触不良或元件错位。
图3是示出了本发明一个示例性实施例的视图,其中包括一个在外盒内具有内置对准链接的无焊接的电子装置。本实例示出了在电子装置300中在保护外盖316和318之内的一组元件302、304和306,其穿过ACM层308、310和312连接到基板314。在顶盖316的开口320和322可被设置为用于接入对准链接328的探点(如如,对准标记324和触点326)以观察元件302、304和306组在基板314上的位置和接触完整度。装置300中的对准链接328源自元件302的对准标记324,曲折通过ACM层308、基板314,再度经过ACM层308到元件302,然后通过ACM层308再次回到基板314。对准链接328通过ACM层310前进至元件304,通过元件304和ACM层310再次回到基板314,然后通过ACM层312至元件306,通过ACM层312回到基板314,以及在触点326处终止。如虚线所示,对准链接328的一个端点(例如,触点326)可接地,以简化诊测连接。在这种情况下,不需在顶盖316处开孔322。在顶盖处与另一端点的位置相匹配的开口就足够了。如果能确保确实接触(例如,将一个ACM膜涂覆于其间),则在顶盖316处用于接入对准链接328的终端的开口可以取代内置于外盒316内的传导通路。在另一种方法中,如果电子装置的外部接口焊点可以接入对准链接的端点(例如,使电子装置功能针脚与对准链接的端点多工双用),则外盒也不需开口。
图3还示出了集成到顶盖316和底盖318的边缘的一套对应剪口,用于在盒盖316和318夹上时固定装置。顶盖316的内表面330可拓扑地刻压成其厚度变化与装置300中元件302、304和306的高度变化相匹配,以将元件302、304和306固定到位置上。在盒盖316和318夹住后,ACM层308、310和312的弹性可提供接触压力。尽管图3仅示出了基板314只有一面装配了元件302、304和306,它可适于在基板314双面都装配有元件的电子装置。
在本发明的各个实施例中,为方便将元件设置在基板上且利用ACM作为互连层将元件固定到电子装置,装置中可包括定位夹具,其上包含用于匹配设置在基板上的元件外廓的预制开口。夹具中可包含一套对准标记,以与基板上的一套参考标记对准,如果夹具的对准标记正确地对准到基板上的参考标记,则可以将元件的触点阵列准确地对准到基板的目标焊盘图案。根据示例性实施例,夹具在正确地对准到基板之后可贴住、夹上或粘到基板表面。
在本发明的另一实施例中,夹具处的一组开口可在基板制造期间直接模压到基板表面,以成为基板上的一组刻压凹槽。然而,插入式夹具的适应性比压纹式夹具的更强。例如,诸如千兆位DRAM或闪存的许多相容的存储芯片的物理外形不同,这是因为不同半导体公司的IC制造工艺差异所导致。更先进的工艺能够产生物理外形更小的封装芯片。不过,与相容存储芯片的触点阵列相结合引脚位置与引脚间距大多相同,以确保制造期间的互换性。插入式夹具比压纹式夹具更具满足制造所需的适应性。
图4A示出了密封于电子装置400中的盒盖450和455中使用夹具410将一套元件402、404和406装配到基板420的本发明示例性实施例的截面图。夹具410包含开口422、424和426,用于分别与元件402、404和406的物理外形相匹配。开口422、424和426预制在特定位置,使元件402、404和406以及作为互连层的ACM403、405和407可以准确地设置在基板表面的对应焊盘图案。夹具410集成了一套对准标记412和414,以与在基板表面的用于使夹具410对准到基板420的参考标记413和415相匹配。夹具410通过将对准标记412和414对准到匹配的参考标记413和415来对准到基板420。然后,元件402、404和406可设置在开口422、424和426。对准的夹具410能将元件402、404和406准确地固定到基板表面对应的目标焊盘图案。
夹具410的厚度可与最低元件高度相配合。盒盖450和455的内壁可以拓扑形式模压,以与将制备的元件402、404和406的高度变化相匹配。可选地,一层导热膜440和445可插入到元件402、404和406与盒盖450和455之间,如果导热膜440和445够厚,则可用作缓冲部来压紧ACM界面元件。导热膜440和445也可以将元件402、404和406所产生的热传至盖面。
各种方法可以用来使夹具410对准到基板420。例如,夹具410可以通过集成一套安装孔作为在夹具410的机械对准标记和一套安装柱作为在基板420的机械参考标记,相对地将柱安装在夹具410,将孔安装在基板420机械地对准到基板420。根据一些实施例,将夹具410对准到基板420之后,对准的夹具410可用膏,胶,夹或螺钉粘附于基板表面。然后,将最后装置密封在盒盖450和455组成的外壳里。盒盖450和455可包含一个或多个接触孔420或接触垫,以作外接使用或用于监测对准链接428的接触状况。
图4A中,顶盖450的顶部剪口452和454被配置为连接到底盖455的底盖剪口456和458,以在盒盖450和455按压在一起之后压紧电子装置400。顶部剪口452、454和底部剪口456、456可能是沿盒盖450和455边缘的两条平行细缝。如图4A所示的剪口形状仅为示例性的,不应被视为唯一可能的缺口形状或唯一可行的密封方式。例如,如果没有剪口或匹配细缝来将盒盖450和455固定在一起,则顶盖450和底盖455也可用超声波焊接技术密封或利用夹钳来密封。在各个实施例中,如图4A所示的装配技术适用于闪存卡装配,存储卡装配,和消费型电子产品组装。
图4B示出了夹具410放在基板420上的顶视图。本发明的另一实施例是将互连电路集成到夹具410,使夹具410不仅用作ACM界面元件的位置插座,而且还包括电子装置元件的互连电路。被动元件也可以被预制,包含,或嵌入在夹具410中。图4B示出了示例性互连线路464和465,经466和导电垫467,作为夹具410嵌入式外部接入口。在夹具410处的互连线路464和465和在基板420处的互连线路通过夹具410底下的ACM层组成一套电子装置的完整互连电路。夹具410可为单层夹具,或由更多互连层组成用于实现高密度布线和更好的信号完整度多层夹具。
一个电子装置的对准链接可以集成夹具作为将传导对准标记和传导通路添加到夹具上,链接这些标记及通路到元件的对准标记和传导通路上,以及在基板上相配的参考标记与传导通路形成一个串行连续传导路径,以探测元件和夹具对基板的位置和接触状况。对准链接的一个或多个端点可以从覆盖外接入,以检测对准链接的完整度。
在装配过程中,可使用下述各种技术之一来将ACM层连结到元件。例如,ACM层可附着到一个封装器件的表面,集成电路裸芯片,或元件装置中预置的堆叠装置。可选地,在安装元件前,预刻的ACM层可以嵌入压有或已附在基板表面夹具处的开口中。在另一实施例中将夹具设置到基板上之前,ACM层先被设置在基板表面,而后该元件放在基板时即可用夹具为指引。
当ACP被用于制造过程中时,薄层的ACP被滴涂或刷印在基板表面上。不使用夹具,元件直接对准而置放在基板表面的焊盘图案上。一个板块或盖子可以用来固定对准的元件,然后固化和热压过程使元件安全地附于基板上。
在本发明的另一实施例中,ACM及ACP复合技术可用于电子装置,其中ACP用来将夹具绑定到基板上,而ACM被用作元件的互连层。一个使用ACM作为互连层的元件能够具有良好的接触,并可以容易地从基板表面卸除以再次使用。
在本发明的各个示例性实施例中,电子装置可以使用两个或两个以上的夹具,使组装和重修过程更容易。例如,第一个夹具可被配置为调整且固定第一组元件,第二个夹具可被配置为调整且固定第二组元件(例如,其余元件)。有些示例性实施例包括元件设置在基板两面的电子装置。在这种实施例中,一个或多个夹具可用来对准且固定连接到第一基板表面的元件,以及一个或多个的夹具可用来对准且固定连接到第二基板表面的元件。多种夹具适用于一个大型电子装置,用来对付夹具和基板的之间可能的热膨胀偏差,以方便重修。
图5示出了本发明的诸如存储模组或是附加卡的一个示例性装置,其中,在通过诸如一双盒壳560和570的保护外盒包围的电子装置500中,夹具510被附着在基板520上以固定ACM界面元件501、502、503、504、505和506。在本发明的该实施例中,夹具510可刻压在基板表面以在基板上形成多个刻压开孔,或在装配过程中,将夹具510连接到基板520上。例如,保护外盒可能是一个散热器,其由两个相同的盒壳560和570,以及两个相同的夹扣561和562组成。沿盒壳560和570长边,存在阳槽563和573和弯成与盒壳560和570内表面成直角的阴槽564和574。在可选实施例中,夹扣561和562,阳槽563和573,阴槽564和574不需相同。
在装配期间,夹具510对准并附着到基板520后,元件501、502、503、504、505及506可放置在夹具510的开口511、512、513、514、515及516处。然后,包含夹具510及元件501、502、503、504、505及506的组装基板放置在一个盒壳(如560)的内表面上。将第二夹盖(如570)旋转180度,使其阳性剪口573与阴性剪口574能插入第二盒壳560的配合阴性剪口564和阳性剪口563。开合两个盒壳560和570可以让组装基板夹在夹盖560和570两个内表面之间。将夹扣561和562装至封闭盒壳560和570的顶缘,基于ACM的元件501、502、503、504、505和506可稳固地保持在电子装置500的夹具开口511、512、513、514、515和516。导热膜565和575可附着到盒壳560和570的内表面。导热膜565和575的弹性能迫使元件与基板520良好接触。如果需要,导热膜565和575可适于基板520上诸元件501,502,503,504,505和506之间少量的高度变化。在封闭装置中基板520上ACM互连元件501、502、503、504、505和506的接触完整度可通过一个或多个对准链接监测,再链接到其接入点取自盒壳560或570表面的串联元件,或者连接到一个外部接口连接530或露出的基板表面。
图6示出了一个包括类似于图5的元件组成的示例性存储模块600的俯视图。存储模块600容纳在盒壳630之内。盒壳630可作为存储模块600中组装的元件组的一种保护装置,元件留置装置和散热装置。在示例性视图中,存储模块600包含PCB基板620上的夹具610。一个或多个夹具610可附着到PCB基板620的表面,以支撑单面或两双面PCB装置。存储元件或装置601、602、603、604和605及附属逻辑装置606(例如,时钟芯片、存取器芯片、暂存芯片、或这些逻辑功能的组合)将ACM用作PCB基板620上的一种互连层,然后将其放置在夹具610的开口611、612、613、614、615和616处,并由一套盒壳630箱匣留置,盒壳630顶边以夹扣632和634夹紧。夹扣632和634被配置为与盒壳630连接,以将存储装置紧密地放置于盒壳630之内。尽管仅显示了支持一个附属逻辑装置606,但存储模块可能包括一个以上的附属逻辑装置。在示例性实施例中,存储模块可包含动态随机存取存储器,静态随机存取存储器,闪存装置,电可擦除可编程存储器,可编程逻辑装置,铁电存储装置、或上述的任意组合。
在示例性视图中,对准链接625连接存储元件以及辅助逻辑器,来检查在存储模块600中沿对准链接625的存储元件和逻辑器件的接触完整度,其中,根据一个实施例,对准链接625的一端626接地,另一端627可从基板表面接入。端点627可进一步连接到外部界面区630的引脚628(即,金手指(gold finger)),以在存储模块600插入母板插座后,让母板或主机板直接接入。在另一实施例中,对准链接625的两端626和627可连接到在存储模块600外部接口区630的引脚而到达主机板,或是进一步连接到主机板上的其他对准链接。诸如锁存器的传感元件可沿对准链接附着到元件,来监测对准链接的完整度。对准链接625在存储模块600使用ACM作为元件互连层实现时,是一个可选用的特点。
图7示出了将一个示例性电子装置装配到箱盒内的方法的流程图。此电子装置与图4A中简化了的装置400相似。例如在示例性流程图中,基板表面刻有凹槽以导引组件安装,而不再用夹具。此外,ACM层是压合在组件表面,而非用一个单独的ACM层放在组件和基板之间。基板表面的刻槽能够具有与PCB制造过程相匹配的在几密尔范围内的精确度;一密尔是千分之一英寸。另外,在图7的示例性实施例中,虽然基板的双面都可以安装组件,但只有一侧基板装有组件。为提高制造质量和产能,装配夹具可用于表面贴装设备,以方便同时组装多个电子装置。
图7始于步骤710,其中,盒盖(例如,底盖)被设置在组装夹具上。应当注意,图7只讨论一个电子装置,如果并行组装一个以上的电子装置,则同样的程序是可以多次重覆。
当底盖放在一个装配夹具后,在步骤720中,可以在底盖上设置导热膜。导热膜是一个可选的材料明细表,取决于最后电子装置产生的热量和所需的机械支持。在步骤730中,有刻槽的基板放在包括选用导热膜的底盖上。然后根据步骤740的装配方法,ACM堆叠元件可以按步骤750以手工插入刻纹开口,或按步骤755来使用安装设备来安装。元件贴装之后,在步骤760中导热膜或弹性层则可放在组装基板上以改善散热,并且加压于ACM堆叠元件以在步骤770放置顶盖而暂时封盖组装后与基板接触良好。可选地,导热膜和弹性材料也可预先压覆在夹盖内表面,以省却装配方法的步骤720和760。
当顶盖到位后可暂时盖住电子装置时,依照步骤780进行测试,以确定装置是否装配妥当。如果在步骤785确定为装配不当,则按步骤790进行重修,以去除顶盖并诊断错位的元件或接触不良的元件来解决问题。然后,回到步骤780重放顶盖,重测装置。如果装置通过测试,则该箱盒安全密封,例如,通过超声波焊接密封顶盖和底盖,形成电子装置。
图8是示出了使用ACP和ACM复合技术来装配电子装置的一种示例性方法的流程图,其中,ACP用于将夹具(即,组成夹具)绑定到基板表面,而ACM被用作一种元件和基板之间互连层,使该元件可以随时插入或卸离基板表面,而不使用传统装置的焊锡膏。基板经由ACM层电耦合或互连到元件,并经由ACP层电耦合或互连到元件夹具。串行对准链接可嵌入到装置中以监测元件位置和接触的完整度。与图7的实施例相似,一些电子装置可在取放式表面贴装设备下并行装配。为了简化描述,图8的方法只讨论了其中一种电子装置。
在开始装配时,ACP层是滴涂或刷印在基板表面上,其粘膏图案,特为在步骤810置放元件夹具而设。传导线路可以制作在元件夹具上,成为电子装置互连电路的一部分。
步骤820中将元件夹具对准并放置在基板表面,其上滴涂有一层ACP。此ACP应够厚到在膏固化后能将元件夹具稳妥地固定在基板表面上。可以通过光学或电子的将夹具上的一套对准标记对准到基板上的一套目标参考标记来将元件夹具对准到基板表面。可选地,也可用一双机械结构(例如,夹具上的安装洞孔和基板上的安装柱)来将夹具机械地对准到基板表面,或反之亦然。
在步骤830中,进行ACP的热压和固化,使夹具附着到基板。ACP的热压和固化也形成了在挤压方向的各向异性导电(即,从夹具到基板)。
在步骤840中进行测试,以确定夹具是否妥善装置在基板上。如果夹具并非正确装配,则在步骤845中根据基板或夹具是否具有相当价值或修改有多复杂,来决定夹具需要废弃或修改。如果固化的夹具通过测试(即,它是准确安装在基板上),则ACM层和元件就留在元件夹具的目标开孔处,直到所有元件在步骤850都放置好了。
夹具的开孔不仅让元件准确地固定在基板上,而且还确保如果元件从上适当施压,元件包装上的触点阵列与制作在基板上元件目标焊盘图案保持接触。夹具开孔的大小应配合元件的外廓,但仍允许元件轻易装入和取出。ACM层适合以基板栅格阵列(Land gridarray,LGA)封装的元件,除了裸露的触点阵列外,没有焊锡球附在包装上。
在元件安置在以ACM作为互连层的夹具开孔后,在步骤860中将内面包括一层弹性材料(例如,导热膜)的盖子盖在装置顶上,以使元件固定在夹具孔位。在步骤870中进行测试,检查元件是否组装妥当。如果测试失败,则在步骤885中取下上盖,以使错位元件归位,或更换坏的ACM膜或损坏的ACM堆叠元件。重复程序(即,步骤860至885)直到在步骤880测试通过。然后,在步骤890中,将包括顶盖和底盖的电子装置夹住、修剪、紧扣或密封,以将所有元件安全地容纳在电子装置中。
如果基板双面都要放置元件,那么可在步骤880测试合格后,再将单面已装配的基板与其底盖翻置,然后重覆步骤810至880,以将第二组的夹具、ACM层和元件安装到第二基板表面,直到第二面元件装配完全也测试合格为止。
在本发明的另一实施例中,还可以用第二基板来方便装配电子装置中的双面元件装配。装配的基板通过测试后,第一装配好的基板和第二装配好的基板可被对齐并背对背调置,中间用各向异性导电薄膜(ACM)来形成双面电子装置。如果第一和第二基板之间不需导电,那么可以使用导热膜、热膏或热胶来代替ACM。
在本发明的各个实施例中,多个夹具,多个ACM,以及多个基板可堆叠成一个三维(3D)结构来提高由可装卸元件组成的电子装置的集成密度,其中,可卸元件可以在其界面上压贴一个单独的ACM层,或在元件和其下的基板之间的界面处安插一个单独的ACM层。结合ACM层、夹具、在夹具开孔处压贴有ACM或为界面的元件、以及基板组成了一个基本构建基件,即基本的MFS(薄膜夹具基板)架构,用以构筑一个堆叠电子装置,如图9所示。ACM层915、925和935可用导热膜取代,如果在堆叠装置中薄膜夹具基板组基本积件与其他薄膜夹具基板组没有导电界面。在一些实施例中,此堆叠装置可以进一步封装且密封于一箱盒中。
图9是一个由三组层叠MSF结构910、920和930连串组成的装置的示例性实施例。在此实施例中,层叠MSF是背靠背,不留空隙的,所以元件到ACM层或导热膜也不需要留有空隙。图9所示的空隙,只是为能更清楚地区别各组成模块和其相关构件。一套安装洞孔和安装柱可用于对准和联结多个MFS。
对于每个MFS,在顶部的ACM层可以用作在其顶部的相邻MFS之间的互连层。为方便相邻MFS之间的互连,本发明的各个实施例中,一套由导电通路或连接线路组成的互连元件可预制为芯片或平面构件,以插入夹具开口而将一个MFS连接到其相邻的MFS。互连元件通过ACM层用作连接在两个相邻MFS处的基板的连接器。互连元件可以取代昂贵的机械连接器(例如,Mictor连接器),以及出现于电子装置中的软式电路。另外还有一个优点就是ACM层可作为互连单元。互连单元在夹具中的数目和位置可以自由选择,并无固定机械式连接器或软式电路所遇到的大小或位置的限制。由于基板双侧皆可制造电路,以提高布线密度,所以互连单元通过ACM层,提供了相邻两基板之间所需的互连通路。电子装置中的无源元件可以嵌入夹具中,或嵌入互连元件中,或焊装于MFS的基板表面。可选地,导电通路942与其元件中上下贯通的对准标记可以通过ACM层设置到MFS。同样,与其基板中上下贯通的参考标记相关的传导通路944也可以用作相邻MFS连接之用。
对准链接对于诊断在包括多个复杂结构的电子装置(例如,具有多个叠层的MFS的电子装置中元件的位置和接触状况是很有用的。对准链接对于简单的电子装置可选特征,这是因为功能测试将适于确定基于ACM的元件是否正确安装。但对于复杂的电子装置,用一种有效率的方式来识别故障区是降低测试、挑错或重做等费用的重要因素。对准链接是对于包括大量可拆元件或多重MFS的复杂电子装置的一个解决方案。由链接一组元件的导电对准标记及在基板上的匹配导电参考标记而成串行导电通路的一个对准链接可以有效地检测出装置中元件组安装的完整度。多重对准链接可将一个复杂电子装置的元件分隔成许多小组,其具有附着到每个小对准链接的接入点用以检测ACM界面元件的位置及接触状况,而ACM界面元件则被隔离在该电子装置的一个小区域内。
本发明已参照示例性实施例进行了描述。本领域技术人员应当理解,在不背离本发明的范围内可做出各种修改,并可以使用其他实施例。例如,有些电子装置可能包含一个或多个对准链接,以及一个或多个夹具,在各式外壳或封箱之内可进一步由多层互连。因而,根据示例性实施例的这些和其他改变将包括在本发明的范围内。
Claims (53)
1.一个电子装置,包含有:
一个元件,包含可外接的触点阵列;
一个基板,包含一套焊盘图案,被配置为与所述元件的所述触点阵列相匹配;以及
一个各向异性导电材料(ACM)层,被配置为将所述元件电连接到基板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置,其中,所述元件进一步包括连接到所述触点阵列的一套导电垫,连接到一个导电通路的导电垫被配置为将信号从所述元件的一个表面区域传递到另一个表面区域。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电子装置,其中,所述导电垫进一步连接到所述元件的传感装置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置,其中,所述基板进一步包括连接到所述基板上的一套焊盘图案的一套导电垫。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电子装置,其中,所述基板的一个导电垫连接到所述元件的一个导电垫,以监测所述元件的所述触点阵列放置在所述基板的所述焊盘图案上的ACM层的完整度,其中,所述元件上的所述导电垫是一个对准标记,以及所述基板上的所述导电垫是一个参考标记。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置,其中,所述触点阵列是所述元件上用作对外界面的一套导电垫。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置,其中,所述ACM层被层压在所述元件上,并被配置为使所述元件可从所述基板上取下。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置,其中,所述ACM被层压在所述基板的一个表面区域上。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置,进一步包括:至少一个导热膜,被配置为为所述元件提供散热。
10.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置,进一步包括:一个对准链接,使一组元件的所述导电垫与通过所述ACM层的所述基板的匹配导电垫连接成一个串行连续导电路径。
11.根据权利要求10所述的电子装置,其中,所述元件组被进一步分为若干小元件组,以形成在所述电子装置中的多重对准链接。
12.根据权利要求10所述的电子装置,其中,所述对准链接被配置为通过所述ACM层诊断所述基板上所述元件组的位置和传导状况。
13.根据权利要求10所述的电子装置,进一步包括:一套接入区域,以监测对准链接的完整度。
14.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置,进一步包括:一个保护结构,被配置为将所述元件固定到所述基板上。
15.根据权利要求14所述的电子装置,其中,所述保护结构包括一个或多个盒盖,其具有被配置为与放置在所述基板上的所述元件的高度轮廓相匹配的内表面。
16.根据权利要求14所述的电子装置,其中,所述保护结构包括用于固定所述元件与所述基板到位的外壳,所述外壳包括:
一个顶盖,包含一套顶部剪口;以及
一个底盖,包含一套底部剪口,所述底部剪口被配置为连接到所述顶部剪口以将所述外壳固定在一起。
17.根据权利要求14所述的电子装置,其中,所述保护结构包括用于固定所述元件与所述基板的翻盖外壳,所述翻盖外壳包括:
一个顶板,连接到一个顶部剪口;
一个底板,连接到一个底部剪口,所述底部剪口被配置为与所述顶部剪口连接;以及
一个夹扣,被配置为可应用于将所述顶板和所述底板固定在一起。
18.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置,进一步包括:至少一个夹具,被配置为使用一个各向异性导电薄膜作为界面层来方便地放置元件。
19.根据权利要求18所述的电子装置,其中,所述夹具包括多个开口,与设置在所述基板上的所述元件的物理外形相匹配。
20.根据权利要求18所述的电子装置,其中,所述夹具包含一个或多个具有互连电路的互连层,用于方便地在所述元件和所述基板之间路由信号。
21.根据权利要求18所述的电子装置,其中,所述夹具包括多个嵌入式无源元件。
22.根据权利要求8所述的电子装置,其中,所述夹具在所述基板的表面压纹。
23.根据权利要求18所述的电子装置,其中,所述夹具通过一个各向异性导电薄膜连接到所述基板的表面上。
24.根据权利要求18所述的电子装置,其中,所述夹具通过一个各向异性导电粘剂连接并固化到所述基板的表面上。
25.根据权利要求18所述的电子装置,其中,所述夹具通过焊锡膏焊接到所述基板的表面上。
26.根据权利要求18所述的电子装置,其中,所述夹具通过使一套安装孔配合一套安装榫以将所述夹具固定到所述基板上,来机械地连接到所述基板的一个对准表面。
27.根据权利要求18所述的电子装置,其中,所述夹具通过在所述基板表面处的一个刻槽以将所述夹具固定到所述基板上,来机械地连接到所述基板的一个对准表面。
28.根据权利要求18所述的电子装置,其中,所述夹具包含一套导电垫,被配置为与所述基板上的一套导电垫进行对准,用于检测所述夹具安置在所述基板上的完整度。
29.根据权利要求28所述的电子装置,进一步包括一个对准链接,通过一种各向异性导电材料,使连接到所述夹具的传导通路上的所述导电垫与连接到所述基板的传导通路上的所述导电垫进行连接。
30.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置,其中,所述电子装置是一个存储模块,包括:
在所述基板上的一个或多个存储器件,其中,所述存储器件经由一条用于访问所述一个或多个存储器件的存储总线来接收信号;
至少一个夹具(包括一套开口)被配置为使用一种各向异性导电材料作为界面层来将所述一个或多个存储器件定位到所述基板;以及
一个防护结构,用于将所述一个或多个存储器件固定到所述基板上。
31.根据权利要求30所述的电子装置,进一步包括:一个或多个逻辑器件,经由一条用于访问所述一个或多个逻辑器件的存储总线来接收控制信号。
32.根据权利要求30所述的电子装置,其中,所述存储器件选自下列中的一项:
动态随机存取存储器;
静态随机存取存储器;
闪存器件;
电可擦除可编程存储器;
可编程逻辑器件;
铁电存储器件;以及
上述的任意组合。
33.根据权利要求30所述的电子装置,进一步包括用于诊断所述存储器件的安置完整度的对准链接。
34.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置,其中,所述元件包含多个元件。
35.根据权利要求34所述的电子装置,其中,所述多个元件中的元件可定位于所述基板的一个表面或多个表面。
36.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置,其中,所述基板包含多个基板。
37.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置,其中,所述ACM层包括一种各向异性导电薄膜。
38.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置,其中,所述ACM层包含一种各向异性导电粘剂。
39.一种装配电子装置的方法,其中,包括:
将各向异性导电材料(ACM)层连接到基板表面;以及
将元件定位到所述ACM层上,以使所述元件的触点阵列与所述基板的焊盘图案对准,以形成所述电子装置。
40.根据权利要求39所述的方法,进一步包括:将导热膜放置在所述元件的顶部以散热,并提供在保护结构内所述基板上的所述元件的机械支撑。
41.根据权利要求39所述的方法,进一步包括:将所述电子装置容纳在一个保护结构内。
42.根据权利要求39所述的方法,进一步包括:测试所述电子装置,以确定所述元件和所述基板是否适当对准。
43.根据权利要求42所述的方法,进一步包括:如果所述元件和所述基板没有适当对准,则将所述元件重新定位。
44.根据权利要求39所述的方法,进一步包括:对准和连接所述夹具和所述基板。
45.根据权利要求44所述的方法,其中,所述对准包括:将所述夹具的至少一个对准标记与所述基板的至少一个参考标记进行对准。
46.根据权利要求44所述的方法,其中,所述对准包括:将所述夹具的至少一个安装孔与所述基板的至少一个安装榫进行对准。
47.根据权利要求44所述的方法,其中,所述连接包括:将所述夹具固化并热压到所述基板上。
48.根据权利要求39所述的方法,其中,定位所述元件包括:将所述元件的至少一个对准标记与所述基板的至少一个参考标记进行对准。
49.一个电子装置,其中,包括:
一个各向异性导电材料(ACM)层,连接到一个基板的表面;以及
用于在所述电子装置中将元件定位在所述ACM层上,以
使所述元件的触点阵列与所述基板上的对应焊盘图案进行对准的装置。
50.一个堆叠式的电子装置,其中,包括:
多个基板;
多个夹具,包含安装开口;
多个ACM薄膜;及
多个ACM互连元件,在所述安装开口处。
51.根据权利要求50所述的电子装置,其中,设置在所述夹具的所述安装开口处的所述ACM薄膜、所述基板、所述夹具、以及所述ACM互连元件形成了一个薄膜夹具基板组(MFS)构建模块,并被配置为使得多个MFS构建模块通过互连单元的连接而层层相叠。
52.根据权利要求51所述的电子装置,其中,所述互连单元是一个传导通路,用来连接所述元件的顶面至底面。
53.根据权利要求51所述的电子装置,其中,所述互连单元是一个平面无源元件,包含用于连接所述平面无源元件的顶面到底面的一套传导通路。
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US11/593,788 US20070187844A1 (en) | 2006-02-10 | 2006-11-06 | Electronic assembly with detachable components |
US11/593,788 | 2006-11-06 | ||
PCT/US2007/003519 WO2007095100A2 (en) | 2006-02-10 | 2007-02-09 | Electronic assembly with detachable components |
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- 2007-02-09 WO PCT/US2007/003519 patent/WO2007095100A2/en active Application Filing
- 2007-02-09 GB GB0803726A patent/GB2448959B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2013
- 2013-08-22 US US13/973,766 patent/US9253894B2/en active Active
Cited By (7)
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CN104869751A (zh) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-08-26 | 广州杰赛科技股份有限公司 | Pcb板及其生产工艺 |
CN110326105A (zh) * | 2016-12-12 | 2019-10-11 | 维迪科研究所 | 用于集成功率芯片的方法和电子功率模块 |
CN110034033A (zh) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-07-19 | 夏普株式会社 | 位置偏移检测方法、位置偏移检测装置以及显示装置 |
CN110034033B (zh) * | 2017-12-26 | 2023-06-27 | 夏普株式会社 | 位置偏移检测方法、位置偏移检测装置以及显示装置 |
TWI701977B (zh) * | 2019-05-03 | 2020-08-11 | 陳文祺 | 電路板測試裝置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070187844A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
WO2007095100A3 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
US20130342998A1 (en) | 2013-12-26 |
GB0803726D0 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
US9253894B2 (en) | 2016-02-02 |
WO2007095100A2 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
CN101356644B (zh) | 2013-03-13 |
GB2448959B (en) | 2011-10-26 |
GB2448959A (en) | 2008-11-05 |
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