CN101341923A - Method of preparing silage and silage prepared thereof - Google Patents
Method of preparing silage and silage prepared thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101341923A CN101341923A CNA2008101188525A CN200810118852A CN101341923A CN 101341923 A CN101341923 A CN 101341923A CN A2008101188525 A CNA2008101188525 A CN A2008101188525A CN 200810118852 A CN200810118852 A CN 200810118852A CN 101341923 A CN101341923 A CN 101341923A
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- thread material
- ensilage
- preparation
- dark green
- caragana microphylla
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of ensile and ensile prepared through the method; the preparation method is as follows: green plants used for feeding are prepared into filamentous material and then fermented into ensile. The ensile prepared through the method of the invention not only effectively keeps the nutrient of the original branches and leaves of green plants locust, caragana and river locust, expands the feed sources, and the prepared ensile reaches the standard of high-grade ensile.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of feed and by the feed of this method preparation, particularly a kind ofly prepare the method for feed and by the feed of this method preparation from vegetable material.
Background technology
Plant can mainly contain following several form as feed: eat raw, airing becomes dried branches and leaves to store, dried branches and leaves are processed into thread material, dried branches and leaves are processed into raw material and the ensiling of powder as mixed feed.Eating raw is a kind of approach of most convenient, but is subject to seasonal restrictions, and can not annual supply; The dried branches and leaves of airing are stored and not only are subjected to the raw material restriction in season, and are subjected to the influence of airing climate change in period, and the nutritional labeling loss is big; Processing industry plant equipment such as leaf powder, leaf protein fall behind, and technology innovation is slow; By contrast, ensilage not only can be preserved the nutritional labeling of the original branches and leaves of dark green plant effectively, enlarges feed resource, and can guarantee after the ensiling to furnish green feed the whole year.
Ensiling is meant feed (sapphire rice stalk, herbage etc.) dark green succulence under the condition of anaerobism, by the lactic acid bacteria anaerobic fermentation, produces sour environment, the procreation of harmful microbes such as mould fungus inhibition and spoilage organisms, thus reach the method for preserving feed.
The raw material of ensiling is very extensive, and nontoxic dark green plant all can be cooked ensiling, general gramineous crop, legume, and piece root, stem tuber and hydrophyte fodder and leaf etc. all can be used to ensiling.At present the most frequently used is exactly field corn.The general requirement of ensiling raw material contains sugar and must not be lower than 2.0%, if there are not enough sugars in the raw material, just can not satisfy the needs of lactic acid bacteria.Can add the solubility sugar for the feed that hangs down sugar content and carry out ensiling.
Locust tree (Robinia Pseudoacacia L) is perennial Leguminosae tree, and cultivation is introduced a fine variety generally in China, and resource is very abundant.Locust tree have the title of " feed tree ", the tender succulence of its leaf, and good palatability, particularly its protein content height, nutritive value enrich, and are the first-class feed of livestock and poultry.But because of its sugar content is low, at present also not with it as ensilage.
Caragana microphylla (Caragana korshinskii Kom) is the perennial machaka of pulse family Chrysolophus.Have strong stress resistance, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, heat-resisting, alkaline-resisting characteristics, branch, leaf, flower, pod, seed all have feeding preferably nutritive value, are the fine feed resources of mountain development animal husbandry.
The document of Wang Feng etc. (caragana microphylla feed technology and application, northwest agricultural journal, 2004 the 13rd the 3rd phases of volume) research of a kind of caragana microphylla feed technology and application is disclosed, this research method is made ensilage after fresh caragana microphylla is ground into grass meal or breaks into filament, this method is for being to add moisture in 50% the fresh caragana microphylla powder to make the water content of caragana microphylla powder reach 50-70% to moisture content, and in the caragana microphylla powder, add sugar such as honey or corn flour or maize straw etc., carry out ensiling after remedying caragana microphylla sugar defect of insufficient.This caragana microphylla Silaging method makes caragana microphylla ensiling cost increase owing to need to add moisture and sugars such as honey or corn flour, and increases the complexity of operation; And add corn straw silage developed the ensiling time, and can reduce the nutritional quality reduction of ensilage.
False indigo (Amorpha fruticosa L) cry continuous Chinese scholartree again, and sliver, Honoka Chinese scholartree are the perennial pulse family machakas of growing thickly, and growth is fast, and rudiment power is strong, and adaptability is strong, and cold-resistant drought resisting is waterlogging, and salt tolerant alkali also can adapt under the condition of hungry soil and concealment slightly.False indigo contains abundant thick protein and vitamin, and has the effect that conserves water and soil, checks winds and fixes drifting sand, and is a kind of feed resource of worth comprehensive development and utilization.Because the sugar content of false indigo is low, it can not be utilized as ensilage.
Notification number is the packed storage practice of whole strain that the Chinese patent of 100340184C discloses a kind of greenfeed, directly carrying out consolidation after this method is put in order strain with dark green plant material or is cut into long section ties up, dark green plant material after tying up is packed into and one is had in the packaging bag of steam vent, then packaging bag is sealed, vacuumize the discharge air by the steam vent in the packaging bag again, the packaging bag that to fill raw material at last is that storage made fermenting raw materials become ensilage more than 40 days under 15 ℃-25 ℃ the normal temperature in temperature.This method is a raw material with corn complete stool, corn crop stalk, and preparation method's complex procedures need vacuumize, and this method is unfavorable for extensive popularization.
Publication number is that the disclosed a kind of kneading machine that uses from the method for tetraploid locust branch cauline leaf processing feed or mixed feed raw material of the Chinese patent application of CN1817169A comprises frame (1), be placed in the operating room (3) of frame (1) top, be separately positioned on the upstream side of operating room (3) and the feeding trough as feed well in downstream (2) and as the discharge barrel (6) of discharging opening along the feeding direction, be installed in the main shaft in the operating room (3), be fixed on hammer leaf (4) and power drive mechanism on the main shaft, what wherein operating room (3) comprised axially-aligned rubs chamber and fan house (10), washboard (9) is arranged on the inwall of operating room (3), hammer leaf (4) is connected on the bearing pin by the pin-and-hole pin, can be with main axis rotation; One end of main shaft is equipped with can be around the fan blade (5) of main axis rotation, fan blade (5) is arranged in fan house (10), its other end is installed the driven pulley 7 of power drive mechanism, power drive mechanism comprises the motor that is placed on the frame, motor pulley (8) by belt with driven pulley (7) thus link to each other and drive main axis rotation, rub, make the thread material of feed.This kneading machine carries out brute force by the hammer leaf of at a high speed rotation to the branch stem of feed and hits and make its fracture, and bump and friction between the washboard of hammer leaf and operating room's inwall make the stem with hard, sharp stipule thorn become soft thread material then.
Research document and the patent application finding at present to utilize locust tree and false indigo ensiling as yet and be mixed with ensilage respectively with caragana microphylla.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is problem, a kind of method of ensilage and the ensilage that is prepared by this method are provided at above prior art existence.Ensilage by the inventive method preparation is not only preserved dark green plant locust effectively, and the nutritional labeling of caragana microphylla and the original branches and leaves of false indigo enlarges feed resource, and the ensilage of preparation reaches the quality silage standard.
For realizing purpose of the present invention, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of preparing silage, and this method is to ferment after dark green forage plant is made thread material.
Wherein, dark green forage plant is one or more in locust tree, caragana microphylla, the false indigo, ferments to be spontaneous fermentation.
Particularly, the sugar content of thread material is lower than 2%, is preferably 1.0-2.0%; Moisture content is 35-55%, is preferably 40-45%.
The present invention provides a kind of preparing silage on the other hand, and this method comprises following step in sequence: a) dark green forage plant is rubbed and make thread material; B) load thread material and compacting; C) the thread material of sealing compacting; D) fermentation.
Wherein, dark green forage plant is one or more in locust tree, caragana microphylla, the false indigo.
Particularly, the sugar content of the thread material in the step a) is below 2%, to be preferably 1.0-2%; Moisture content is 35-55%, is preferably 40-45%; The length of described thread material is 2-5cm, is preferably 2-3cm.
Wherein, in step b),, load then in airtight container and compacting, and to make the density of the thread material of compactness in the container be 510-560kg/m at first with thread material mixing and stirring
3, be preferably 520-550kg/m
3
Particularly, in step b), load thread material in container after, be the thread material limit rim compacting that will mix, the thread material of filling should be higher than about the edge 30cm of container, pile the steamed bun shape, the surface of clapping.
Wherein, the described sealing of step c) adopts plastic sheeting to cover sealing; The described fermentation of step d) is spontaneous fermentation, and fermentation temperature is 20-30 ℃, and fermentation time is 40-60 days.
Particularly, described spontaneous fermentation is imbedded undergroundly for the airtight container that thread material at first will be housed, and the upper surface that makes container is apart from ground 50cm, earthing compacting again, and make mound above ground level, carry out described spontaneous fermentation then.
The present invention provides a kind of ensilage that is prepared from according to the method described above on the other hand.
The ensilage of the present invention's preparation has following advantage:
1, the inventive method utilizes the wooden forage plant of pulse family high protein content to be the feedstock production ensilage, not only preserves dark green plant locust effectively, the nutritional labeling of caragana microphylla and the original branches and leaves of false indigo, and enlarged the source of ensilage raw material.
2, the fermentation quality of the ensilage of the inventive method preparation is good, is of high nutritive value, wherein the crude protein content height, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content are low, and the ratio of ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen is 6.12-8.45%, less than 12.5%, reaches the quality silage standard.Table 1,2,3 is respectively the performance indications requirement that the ensilage of " ensilage subjective appreciation standard ", " ensilage ammonia nitrogen content evaluation criteria ", " ensilage organic acid content evaluation criteria " regulation should reach.
Table 1 ensilage subjective appreciation standard
Annotate: ensiling sense organ grading standard: excellent, 100 minutes-76 minutes; Well, 75 minutes-51 minutes; Generally, 50 minutes-26 minutes; Of inferior quality, below 25 minutes.
Table 2 ensilage ammonia nitrogen content evaluation criteria
Table 3 ensilage organic acid content evaluation criteria
Annotate: ammoniacal nitrogen and organic acid Comprehensive Assessment grade classification: 0-20 branch, extreme difference; The 20-40 branch, poor; The 40-60 branch can; The 60-80 branch, good; The 80-100 branch, excellent.
3, the palatability of the ensilage of the inventive method preparation is improved, and has improved the utilization rate of feed.The neutral detergent fiber content of the locust tree after the ensiling, caragana microphylla, false indigo feed increases before than ensiling slightly, and acid detergent fiber content reduces before than ensiling a little, has improved the digestibility of animal to feed.
4, to account for total acidity percentage be 64.6-84.2% to the lactic acid of the ensilage of the inventive method preparation, and it is 0-3% that butyric acid accounts for total acidity percentage, and it is 14-35.4% that acetate accounts for total acidity percentage, reaches the standard of quality silage.
5, preparing silage of the present invention is simple, and is easy to operate, and the equipment of use is simple and easy to, and the ensilage cost of preparation is low.
The specific embodiment
In order to understand technical characterstic of the present invention better, below by embodiment the present invention is further described, need to prove that embodiment is not a limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
1, prepares thread material
The dark green plant locust complete stool of harvesting is rubbed into thread material with kneading machine (China Academy of Agriculture Mechanization, CR type kneading machine), dry under 25 ℃, make moisture content and be 45%, sugar content is 1.5%, length is the thread material of 2-5cm.
2, the thread material that will prepare stirs.
3, filling compaction
The thread material that stirs is packed in the Porcelain Jar of high 75cm, mouthful diameter 50cm, end diameter 35cm specification, the thread material of compacting while loading, the thread material during the dress cylinder is higher than Porcelain Jar edge 30cm, piles the steamed bun shape, the surface of clapping, the density of the thread material in control filling back is 530kg/m
3
4, sealing, fermentation
To fill up the Porcelain Jar covered with plastic film of the thread material of locust tree, repair the edge, prevent gas leakage.Then the Porcelain Jar of sealing is imbedded underground the fermentation and promptly make ensilage of the present invention.
Wherein the Porcelain Jar upper surface is apart from the about 50cm in ground, earthing compacting.Fermentation temperature 20-30 ℃, fermentation time 2 months.
The moisture of the locust tree ensilage after the fermentation: the direct drying method according to GB/T 6435-1986 is measured; Thick protein: the Kjeldahl method according to GB/T 6432-1994 is measured; Acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber: measure according to MAFIC-LAB/METH023-2001; Ammoniacal nitrogen: adopt phenol-clorox colorimetric method for determining; PH value: adopt PHB-10 type acidometer directly to measure; Organic acid: adopt the chromatography of ions to measure.
Locust tree ensilage performance indications after the fermentation are shown in table 4,5,6.
Embodiment 2
Except dark green plant is selected the caragana microphylla complete stool for use, dry under 25 ℃, the moisture content of the thread material of making of caragana microphylla is 44%, and sugar content is 2%, and the density of the thread material after the filling compacting is 520kg/m
3Outward, all the other are identical with embodiment 1.
The caragana microphylla ensilage performance indications of preparation are shown in table 4,5,6.
Embodiment 3
Except dark green plant is selected the false indigo complete stool for use, dry under 25 ℃, the moisture of the thread material of making of false indigo is 42%, and sugar content is 1.2%, and the density of the thread material after the filling compacting is 550kg/m
3Outward, all the other are identical with embodiment 1.
The false indigo ensilage performance indications of preparation are shown in table 4,5,6.
Embodiment 4
1, prepares thread material
With the dark green plant of harvesting, locust tree is rubbed into thread material with kneading machine respectively with the false indigo complete stool, dries under 25 ℃, making moisture content is 45%, and sugar content is 1.5%, and length is that thread material of the locust tree of 2-4cm and moisture content are 42%, sugar content is 1.2%, and length is the thread material of the false indigo of 2-4cm.
2, be that 1: 1 ratio is mixed with the locust tree of preparation and the thread material of false indigo according to volume ratio, stir.
3, filling compaction
The thread material that stirs is packed in the Porcelain Jar of high 75cm, mouthful diameter 50cm, end diameter 35cm specification, the thread material of compacting while loading, the thread material during the dress cylinder is higher than Porcelain Jar edge 30cm, piles the steamed bun shape, the surface of clapping, the density of the thread material in control filling back is 530kg/m
3
4, sealing, fermentation
To fill up the Porcelain Jar covered with plastic film of locust tree and the thread material of false indigo, repair the edge, prevent gas leakage.Then the Porcelain Jar of sealing is imbedded underground the fermentation and promptly make ensilage of the present invention.
Wherein the Porcelain Jar upper surface is apart from the about 50cm in ground, earthing compacting.Fermentation temperature 20-30 ℃, fermentation time 2 months.
The locust tree of preparation and false indigo ensilage performance indications are shown in table 4,5,6.
Embodiment 5
With the dark green plant of harvesting, caragana microphylla is rubbed into thread material with kneading machine respectively with the false indigo complete stool, dries under 25 ℃, making moisture content is 44%, and sugar content is 2%, and length is that thread material of the caragana microphylla of 2-4cm and moisture content are 42%, sugar content is 1.2%, and length is the thread material of the false indigo of 2-4cm.
Except the density of the thread material behind the filling compaction is 520kg/m
3Outside, remaining preparation process is identical with embodiment 4.
The locust tree of preparation and caragana microphylla ensilage performance indications are shown in table 4,5,6.
Embodiment 6
With the dark green plant of harvesting, locust tree is rubbed into thread material with kneading machine respectively with the caragana microphylla complete stool, dries under 25 ℃, making moisture content is 45%, and sugar content is 1.5%, and length is that thread material of the locust tree of 2-4cm and moisture content are 44%, sugar content is 2%, and length is the thread material of the caragana microphylla of 2-4cm.
Except the density of the thread material behind the filling compaction is 550kg/m
3Outside, remaining preparation process is identical with embodiment 4.
The locust tree of preparation and caragana microphylla ensilage performance indications are shown in table 4,5,6.
Table 4 ensilage subjective appreciation
Table 5 ensilage chemical analysis
The nutritional labeling analysis of table 6 ensilage
Table 4,5,6 testing result show: sense organ (color and luster, smell, quality), pH value, moisture, ammoniacal nitrogen and total nitrogen ratio, organic acid (lactic acid, acetate, the butyric acid) content's index of the ensilage of the present invention's preparation reach China's existing " ensilage performance rating standard ", and the content of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber also meets the standard of fine quality feed.
The ensilage of the inventive method preparation reaches the standard of quality silage, and the pH value is 4.43-5.09; Moisture is 42.37-56.33%; Ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen is 6.12-8.45%, less than 12.5%; It is 64.6-84.2% that lactic acid occupies machine total acidity percentage; It is 0-3% that butyric acid occupies machine total acidity percentage; It is 14-35.4% that acetate occupies machine total acidity percentage; Therefore crude protein content can use the woody forage plant locust tree of high protein, caragana microphylla, false indigo to substitute corn commonly used and prepare ensilage up to 113.4-138.3g/kg.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of preparing silage is fermented after it is characterized in that dark green forage plant made thread material.
2, preparation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described dark green forage plant is one or more in locust tree, caragana microphylla, the false indigo.
3, a kind of preparing silage is characterized in that, comprises following step in sequence: a) dark green forage plant is made thread material; B) load thread material and with its compacting; C) the thread material of sealing compacting; D) fermentation.
4, preparation method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the described dark green forage plant of step a) is one or more in locust tree, caragana microphylla, the false indigo.
5, as claim 3 or 4 described preparation methods, it is characterized in that the sugar content of the described thread material of step a) is lower than 2%, moisture content is 35-55%.
As claim 3 or 4 described preparation methods, it is characterized in that in described step b) that 6, earlier with described thread material mixing and stirring, load then in closed container and compacting, the density that makes thread material is 510-560kg/m
3
7, preparation method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described thread material density is 520-550kg/m
3
8,, it is characterized in that adopting in the described step c) plastic sheeting to cover and carry out described sealing as claim 3 or 4 described preparation methods.
As claim 3 or 4 described preparation methods, it is characterized in that in the described step d) that 9, the control fermentation temperature is 20-30 ℃, fermentation time is 40-60 days.
10, a kind of ensilage is characterized in that being prepared from according to method as described in arbitrary as claim 1-9.
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| CNA2008101188525A CN101341923A (en) | 2008-08-26 | 2008-08-26 | Method of preparing silage and silage prepared thereof |
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| CNA2008101188525A CN101341923A (en) | 2008-08-26 | 2008-08-26 | Method of preparing silage and silage prepared thereof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104605155A (en) * | 2015-02-17 | 2015-05-13 | 王国光 | Caragana microphylla bio-compound particle feed |
| CN105076693A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2015-11-25 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Natural forage grass wrapping and ensiling method |
| CN107897513A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-04-13 | 安徽泓森高科林业股份有限公司 | Deep gloomy Chinese scholartree cauline leaf feed and preparation method and application |
| CN108813152A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-16 | 内蒙古农业大学 | A kind of caragana microphylla base solid state fermentation feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN110200149A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-09-06 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | A kind of production method of whole corn silage feed |
| CN110403063A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-05 | 安徽省农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | A kind of locust tree leaf fermentation material and its preparation method and application |
| CN112754046A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-05-07 | 云南省草地动物科学研究院 | Semi-dry pennisetum alopecuroides silage and preparation method thereof |
-
2008
- 2008-08-26 CN CNA2008101188525A patent/CN101341923A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104605155A (en) * | 2015-02-17 | 2015-05-13 | 王国光 | Caragana microphylla bio-compound particle feed |
| CN104605155B (en) * | 2015-02-17 | 2018-01-09 | 王国光 | A kind of Caragana Microphylla biological composite granular feedstuff |
| CN105076693A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2015-11-25 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Natural forage grass wrapping and ensiling method |
| CN107897513A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-04-13 | 安徽泓森高科林业股份有限公司 | Deep gloomy Chinese scholartree cauline leaf feed and preparation method and application |
| CN108813152A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-16 | 内蒙古农业大学 | A kind of caragana microphylla base solid state fermentation feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN110200149A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-09-06 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | A kind of production method of whole corn silage feed |
| CN110403063A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-05 | 安徽省农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | A kind of locust tree leaf fermentation material and its preparation method and application |
| CN112754046A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-05-07 | 云南省草地动物科学研究院 | Semi-dry pennisetum alopecuroides silage and preparation method thereof |
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Open date: 20090114 |