CN101313649A - Transplantation raise seedling grow method for musk melon - Google Patents
Transplantation raise seedling grow method for musk melon Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grafting, seedling raising and planting method for a muskmelon. The method is characterized in that white melons are used as stocks and subject to steps of sowing, sprouting, grafting, management after grafting and timely bed-out fixed planting, etc., wherein the sowing step is as follows: white melon seeds are firstly subject to seed soaking and seedling raising for 5 to 7 days, and the muskmelon seeds are subject to seed soaking and sprouting; while grafting, furrow sections needing grafting are covered by a wind proof shed, firstly main leaves and growing points of the stocks are removed, a bamboo stick is inserted between two seed leaves with the depth 0.3 and 0.5cm, and two opposite sides are obliquely cut downward from parts which are 0.3 to 0.5cm below scion seed leaves, and the length of the cutting face is between 0.3 and 0.5cm, that stocks and scion seed leaves are in right angled intersection is ensured; the temperature of grafting seedlings is kept to between 15 and 30 DEG C, and within 5 to 7 days after grafting, the humidity of a small tunnel is kept to between 85 and 95 percent. The grafting, seedling raising and planting method for the muskmelon has the advantages of effectively preventing the blight of the muskmelon and overcoming continuous cropping obstacles, along with strong stress resistance and strong absorption ability of nutrient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field; More particularly relate to muskmelon graft seedling growth technical field.
Background technology
Sanshui District, Fushan City, Guangdong Province is because special climate, soil environment and ripe planting technology, the muskmelon mouthfeel that feasible plantation is come out is good, and is enough fresh and sweet, and kind is winning more a lot of than near the muskmelon of counties and cities, be subjected to city dwellers' such as wide continent, Shenzhen welcome deeply, supply falls short of demand for product, is one of advantageous agricultural product of Sanshui District, Foshan City new development, particularly its Leping town, cultivated area is big, has become one of brand agricultural product.But along with continuous cropping for many years and itself Effect of Physiology Characteristic of muskmelon, the output that has a strong impact on muskmelon of fusarium wilt, being short of seedling when serious reaches 6-7, suffers heavy losses.
People once attempted several different methods and prevented and treated, but effect is undesirable: the one, select disease-resistant variety.Though now the muskmelon kind is more on the market, really can continuous cropping, effectively prevent and treat the kind of fusarium wilt and do not have basically, and have its inferior quality of kind of resistance slightly, the output instability.With the muskmelon is example, and the kind that peasant household comparatively accepts is the silver-colored brightness kind that Taiwan goes out, and its commodity is good, stable yield, but resistance is poor, the continuous cropping susceptible disease.The 2nd, pesticide control.Now, the medicine that does not also have specific drug effectively to treat when fusarium wilt takes place on the market can only not prevent with bactericide when falling ill, but effect is not remarkable.The 3rd, the comprehensive regulation.By crop rotation, comprise dissimilar crop species crop rotation, rice field-upland field rotation, though certain effect is arranged, the practical operation difficulty.The need of once planting just can continue plantation every five, six years, and easily by superinfections such as current.Because the plantation muskmelon has better economic to be worth at present, peasant household also is reluctant to replant other crops, receives unless arrived serious mistake.
At present, it generally is the method that adopts solid seed seedling-raising that the muskmelon of prior art is grown seedlings, and the quality that this method is planted its muskmelon determined by seed substantially, its muskmelon generally exist the production cycle long, survival rate is low, the not high defective of output; Have the history custom of plantation watermelon and muskmelon as limit, the south of a town, Leping, Sanshui District, the on-site Foshan City of applicant sheet, and it is best in quality, far and near famous, but there is continuous cropping obstacle equally, in order to improve output and to improve quality, people have adopted the graft seedling growth technology, but generally also be to adopt same kind such as the different places of production to carry out grafting, as Chinese patent application number is 97119830, the applying date is on December 30th, 1997, denomination of invention is the breeding method of one-generation hybrid thick peel muskmelon, Granted publication day is the patent of invention on September 11st, 2002, it adopts the different at one time regions of starting material to region far away different ecological type, different planting (plastic tunnel, plastic mulching) carries out the method that continuous inbred line is selected under the condition, the directed strong stress resistance of selecting, wide adaptability, two parental inbred lines that economic characters are good and complementary are mixed with " Ganmibao " and " Xinmibao " half-blood.There is long defective of production cycle equally in above-mentioned breeding method.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, the muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method that a kind of survival rate height, melon quality better, output are big, seedling grows soon at low temperatures, resistant to diseases and insects is strong is provided.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned purpose by following technical solution: this muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method is that muskmelon is done stock with white melon, and its concrete step is poly-as follows:
A kind of transplantation raise seedling grow method for musk melon is characterized in that, it is to do stock with white melon, and its concrete step is poly-as follows:
(1) sowing vernalization: white melon kind is grown seedlings through seed soaking, treat that 1 to 3 cotyledon of white melon seedling launches promptly after planting 4-8 days fully, again with the seed soaking of muskmelon kind, vernalization, treat the elongation of scion plumular axis, cotyledon is desired Zhan Weizhan, is peak green, and rootstock seedling is the grafting optimum period when growing 1-2 sheet true leaf;
(2), grafting: during grafting with the canopy of becalming cover will grafting the furrow section, earlier stock true leaf and growing point are removed, between two cotyledons with bamboo let vertical insert 0.3 centimetre-0.5 centimetre dark, attention can not be worn out the stock epidermis; Cut off muskmelon seedling plumular axis with blade, clean with clear water, again from the scion cotyledon down about 0.3-0.5 centimeters go into cutter, each tiltedly partial application downwards in relative two sides, the long 0.3-0.5 of tangent plane centimetre, the edge of a knife will be smoothly; Then, left hand is held two cotyledons of stock with two fingers, and the right hand takes scion to insert the stock jack, makes stock and scion tangent plane tight connecting, notices that the cotyledon of stock and scion is right-angled intersection;
(3), the management after the grafting: grafting is incubated at 15 ℃-30 ℃, and the 5-7 days interior relative moisture of interior little shed should remain on 85%-95% after the grafting;
(4), in good time the field planting of transplanting seedlings: when grafting grows to 2-3 sheet true leaf and launches fully, i.e. portable land for growing field crops is transplanted preceding 2 days seedbeds and will be taken off film fully and practice seedling.
As further specifying of such scheme, during poly-(one) the sowing vernalization step in described step was poly-, the vernalization of growing seedlings of white melon kind was to click and enter earlier in the nutritious bag, one bag one, grows seedlings with little shed; Muskmelon kind sowing vernalization is with the sand table 3-5 cm thick mud powder of packing into, after drenching the uniform broadcasting of muskmelon seed on it, is covered with the skim fine sand again, places germinating box vernalization then.When its white melon seedling grows two cotyledons, again with the seed soaking of muskmelon kind, vernalization.
Wind sheltering and keep away high light when preparing the transportable canopy of becalming before the grafting and being used for grafting.Prepare blade and bamboo let, it is flat pointed shape about 0.5 centimetre that bamboo let one end is whittled into the tip with cutter.
In the described step poly-(two), grafting the previous day, the seedbed water of drenching is promptly used diaphragm seal after one furrow have connect, and as the fine light intensity in sky, then covers one deck shading net again.
During the management step after poly-(three) grafting of described step was poly-, grafting healing preference temperature fully need not be taken off film in three days at 20 ℃-25 ℃ after the grafting; Can open ventilating opening after three days at two from small to large and ventilate, can ventilate greatly after 9-10 days; Connecing back 7 days graftings survives the available gondola water faucet in back substantially and waters.
During the management step after poly-(three) grafting of described step was poly-, after stock was extractd growing point, the cotyledon axillalry bud still might be sprouted, and should in time remove bud and extract; Needn't cover shading net for cloudy cloudy weather, as connect when the high temperature high light is met in the back and then must add a cover shading net, connect the back and can slowly remove shading net in 5-7 days.
During the described step is poly-, also should pay attention to damping off, eqpidemic disease, the anthracnose extermination of disease and insect pest, medicament prevents available metalaxyl, thiophanate methyl, mancozeb.
The beneficial effect that the present invention adopts above-mentioned technical solution to reach is: the present invention adopts method of plant propagation with cutting graft seedling growth technology, is under through experiment situation many times, through contrast repeatedly repeatedly, easily learns easy to operately, and survival rate can reach more than 95%.Muskmelon is done stock with white melon, and affinity is strong, and fruit quality is good, and the improved seeds that adapt on the market are adopted in scion.Easily bear fruit, anti-blight, improve output more than 30%.
The present invention gets through repeatedly experiment, under conditions such as specified temp of the present invention, humidity, has fabulous effect.
Embodiment
Melon grafting cultivation technology of the present invention is to do stock with white melon, and the key of muskmelon grafting cultivation is the graft seedling growth technology, and the present invention adopts method of plant propagation with cutting graft seedling growth technology, easily learns easy to operately, and survival rate can reach more than 95%.Muskmelon is done stock with white melon, and affinity is strong, and fruit quality is good, and the improved seeds that adapt on the market are adopted in scion, are described further below in conjunction with specific embodiment:
(1), the preparation of nutrition soil
The field soil that nutrition soil preferably selects for use following new soil of plow layer or previous crops to be the paddy field is wanted the sandy loam that is difficult for hardening behind the trickle.Add 20% barnyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed after soil block pulverized, mixing sieves.The nutritious bag of packing into is then put into wide one meter, the furrow face that length is suitable.Standby with the gondola water faucet water of drenching several times.
(2), sowing
But add the little shed mode planting early enough of growing seedlings with booth, independent little shed is grown seedlings then slow slightly.
White melon kind is clicked and entered in the nutritious bag after seed soaking, vernalization, one bag one, grows seedlings with little shed.Treat that two cotyledons of white melon seedling launch fully, promptly after planting about 5-7 days, the muskmelon kind can be soaked seed, vernalization.The muskmelon kind available special sand table 3-5 cm thick mud powder of packing into of growing seedlings on it, is covered with the skim fine sand with the uniform broadcasting of muskmelon seed after drenching again, places germinating box vernalization then.The elongation of scion plumular axis, cotyledon is desired Zhan Weizhan, is peak green, and it is the grafting optimum period that rootstock seedling grows 1-2 sheet true leaf.
(3), grafting
Wind sheltering and keep away high light when preparing the transportable canopy of becalming before the grafting and being used for grafting.Prepare blade and bamboo let, it is flat pointed shape about 0.5 centimetre that bamboo let one end is whittled into the tip with cutter.
Grafting the previous day, the seedbed water of drenching.
During grafting with the canopy of becalming cover will grafting the furrow section, earlier stock true leaf and growing point are removed, between two cotyledons with bamboo let vertical insert about 0.5 centimetre dark, attention can not be worn out the stock epidermis.Cut off the seedling plumular axis with blade, clean with clear water, again from the scion cotyledon down about 0.3-0.5 centimeters go into cutter, each tiltedly partial application downwards in relative two sides, long about 0.5 centimetre of tangent plane, the edge of a knife is wanted smoothly.Then, left hand is held two cotyledons of stock with two fingers, and the right hand takes scion to insert the stock jack, makes stock and scion tangent plane tight connecting, notices that the cotyledon of stock and scion is right-angled intersection.
Promptly use diaphragm seal after one furrow have connect,, then cover one deck shading net again as a day fine light intensity.
(4), the management after the grafting
The key of muskmelon graft seedling growth is insulation, preserves moisture.
Insulation: grafting healing preference temperature is at 20 ℃-25 ℃, and being lower than 10 ℃ can influence survival rate.Therefore, if temperature of shed is lower than 15 ℃, should take the measure of heating.Connect the back after 5-7 days,, then will note aeration-cooling anti-excessive growth if temperature is too high.
Preserve moisture and ventilate: after the grafting in 5-7 days in the little shed relative moisture should remain on 85%-95%, need not take off film fully in three days after the grafting; Can open ventilating opening after three days at two from small to large and ventilate, can ventilate greatly after 9-10 days.Connect back 7 days graftings and survive the available gondola water faucet in back substantially and water, but humidity is unsuitable too high in the nutritious bag, otherwise easily mashed seedling.
Shading: cloudy cloudy weather needn't cover shading net, as connects when the high temperature high light is met in the back and then must add a cover shading net, connects the back and can slowly remove shading net in 5-7 days.
Remove bud: after stock was extractd growing point, the cotyledon axillalry bud still might be sprouted, and should in time extract, in order to avoid influence the growth of scion melon seedling.
(5), the extermination of disease and insect pest
Sprout term disease mainly contains damping off, eqpidemic disease, anthracnose etc., and causing this type of sick main cause is that humidity is excessive in the canopy, therefore should keep a close eye on ventilated.Medicament prevents available metalaxyl, thiophanate methyl, mancozeb etc.
Insect pest mainly prevents and treats Americal rice leaf miner, this worm mainly cause harm stock and scion cotyledon, and after cotyledon was injured, crisscross white tunnel appearred in the surface, loses photosynthesis, thereby influences melon seedling healthy growth.Prevent and treat medicaments such as available dimehypo, Imidacloprid.
(6), the field planting of in good time transplanting seedlings
When grafting grows to 2-3 sheet true leaf and launches fully, i.e. portable land for growing field crops.Transplant preceding 2 days seedbeds and will take off film white silk seedling fully.
Adopt the contrast experiment of the inventive method to prove that it has following advantage:
1, the soil plantation grafting survival rate crossed of Ceng Lianzuo reaches more than 97%, and the incidence of disease descends more than 80%, and stable yield, and is secure; And the survival rate of planting solid seedling is between 40%-70%, the output instability.
2, the mu volume increase value 500-1500 unit of plantation grafting.
3, when the soil of not continuous cropping plantation grafting, solid seedling, the output of plantation grafting increases more than 17%, and the output value increases more than 480 yuan, removes about 100 yuan of costs of increase, and favorable economic benefit is still arranged.
Facts have proved that adopting the inventive method plantation grafting is the assurance of stable yields, volume increase.Muskmelon grafting cultivation of the present invention can be prevented and treated the muskmelon fusarium wilt effectively, overcomes continuous cropping obstacle, and grafting muskmelon strong stress resistance, and absorption ability of nutrient is strong, and under the equal conditions, output obviously exceeds solid seedling.
Describe below in conjunction with the experiment correction data:
Field experiment plantation situation.Selected the yellow pool, Sanshui District, Fushan City, Guangdong Province Leping town villagers' committee Ka Liao, eunuch continent the high morbidity of easy infection the continent compare test.
1, these 9.2 mu experimental field are chosen in during a slice that soil property and fertility equate substantially ploughs.
2, all be to select the generally accepted silver-colored prestige kind of peasant household.
3, for guaranteeing the difference that illness that has not attacked the vital organs of the human body is planted solid seedling and grafting under identical field management, this two seedling is planted in selection wherein three families simultaneously.
4, be the resistance of outstanding behaviours grafting more, wherein its, Guo Weixian, Tang Ziqiu of Luo Jin 7.2 mu of arable lands of being planted are continuous cropping muskmelons for many years, the soil of high morbidity.
5, Guo grower illumination, the ground that Luo Guangyi planted are not plant muskmelon in nearly seven, eight years, do not contain the soil of germ substantially, with this as with reference to object relatively.
Relatively draw according to numeral in the table:
1, the soil plantation grafting survival rate crossed of Ceng Lianzuo reaches more than 97%, and the incidence of disease descends more than 80%, and stable yield, and is secure; And the survival rate of planting solid seedling is between 40%-70%, the output instability.
2, the mu volume increase value 500-1500 unit of plantation grafting.
3, when the soil of not continuous cropping plantation grafting, solid seedling, the output of plantation grafting increases more than 17%, and the output value increases more than 480 yuan, removes about 100 yuan of costs of increase, and favorable economic benefit is still arranged.
Facts have proved that the plantation grafting is the assurance of stable yields, volume increase.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of transplantation raise seedling grow method for musk melon is characterized in that, it is to do stock with white melon, and its concrete step is poly-as follows:
(1) sowing vernalization: white melon kind is grown seedlings through seed soaking, treat that 1 to 3 cotyledon of white melon seedling launches promptly after planting 4-8 days fully, again with the seed soaking of muskmelon kind, vernalization, treat the elongation of scion plumular axis, cotyledon is desired Zhan Weizhan, is peak green, and rootstock seedling is the grafting optimum period when growing 1-2 sheet true leaf;
(2), grafting: during grafting with the canopy of becalming cover will grafting the furrow section, earlier stock true leaf and growing point are removed, between two cotyledons with bamboo let vertical insert 0.3 centimetre-0.5 centimetre dark, attention can not be worn out the stock epidermis; Cut off muskmelon seedling plumular axis with blade, clean with clear water, again from the scion cotyledon down about 0.3-0.5 centimeters go into cutter, each tiltedly partial application downwards in relative two sides, the long 0.3-0.5 of tangent plane centimetre, the edge of a knife will be smoothly; Then, left hand is held two cotyledons of stock with two fingers, and the right hand takes scion to insert the stock jack, makes stock and scion tangent plane tight connecting, notices that the cotyledon of stock and scion is right-angled intersection;
(3), the management after the grafting: grafting is incubated at 15 ℃-30 ℃, and the 5-7 days interior relative moisture of interior little shed should remain on 85%-95% after the grafting;
(4), in good time the field planting of transplanting seedlings: when grafting grows to 2-3 sheet true leaf and launches fully, i.e. portable land for growing field crops is transplanted preceding 2 days seedbeds and will be taken off film fully and practice seedling.
2, transplantation raise seedling grow method for musk melon according to claim 1 is characterized in that, during poly-(one) the sowing vernalization step in described step was poly-, the vernalization of growing seedlings of white melon kind was to click and enter earlier in the nutritious bag, one bag one, grows seedlings with little shed; Muskmelon kind sowing vernalization is with the sand table 3-5 cm thick mud powder of packing into, after drenching the uniform broadcasting of muskmelon seed on it, is covered with the skim fine sand again, places germinating box vernalization then.
3, transplantation raise seedling grow method for musk melon according to claim 1 is characterized in that, during poly-(one) the sowing vernalization step in described step is poly-, when white melon seedling grows two cotyledons, again with the seed soaking of muskmelon kind, vernalization.
4, a kind of transplantation raise seedling grow method for musk melon according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described step poly-(two), grafting the previous day, the seedbed water of drenching is promptly used diaphragm seal after one furrow have connect, and as the fine light intensity in sky, then covers one deck shading net again.
5, transplantation raise seedling grow method for musk melon according to claim 1 is characterized in that, during the management step after poly-(three) grafting of described step was poly-, grafting healing preference temperature fully need not be taken off film in three days at 20 ℃-25 ℃ after the grafting; Can open ventilating opening after three days at two from small to large and ventilate, can ventilate greatly after 9-10 days; Connecing back 7 days graftings survives the available gondola water faucet in back substantially and waters.
6, transplantation raise seedling grow method for musk melon according to claim 1 is characterized in that, during the management step after poly-(three) grafting of described step was poly-, after stock was extractd growing point, the cotyledon axillalry bud still might be sprouted, and should in time remove bud and extract; Needn't cover shading net for cloudy cloudy weather, as connect when the high temperature high light is met in the back and then must add a cover shading net, connect the back and can slowly remove shading net in 5-7 days.
7, transplantation raise seedling grow method for musk melon according to claim 1 is characterized in that, during the described step is poly-, also should pay attention to damping off, eqpidemic disease, the anthracnose extermination of disease and insect pest, and medicament prevents available metalaxyl, thiophanate methyl, mancozeb.
8, transplantation raise seedling grow method for musk melon according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, before the described sowing vernalization step is poly-, also will carry out preparation at nutrition soil, the field soil that nutrition soil preferably selects for use following new soil of plow layer or previous crops to be the paddy field is wanted the sandy loam that is difficult for hardening behind the trickle; Add 20% barnyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed after soil block pulverized, mixing sieves; The nutritious bag of packing into is then put into wide one meter, the furrow face that length is suitable; Standby with the gondola water faucet water of drenching several times.
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| CN102308690A (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-11 | 上海市农业科学院 | Rapid melon seed germination treatment method |
| CN101779554B (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2012-06-13 | 杭州秀山美地农业科技有限公司 | Method for grafting Hami melons in subtropics |
| CN104206184A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-12-17 | 桐城市景艺苗木有限公司 | Treatment method for improving survival rate of nursery stock grafting |
| CN104885645A (en) * | 2014-10-18 | 2015-09-09 | 安徽盛创农业科技有限公司 | Germination method for muskmelon seeds |
| CN105940919A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-09-21 | 孙建英 | Planting method of milk-flavored honey dew melons |
| CN106171494A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2016-12-07 | 陈星瑞 | The cultural method of artificial pollination Fructus Melo |
| CN106386105A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 马山盛世生态种养专业合作社 | Muskmelon planting method capable of promoting yield increase |
| CN106818144A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-06-13 | 魏韩英 | A kind of method of little Bai melons rejuvenation |
| CN107535204A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-01-05 | 何恒 | Muskmelon grafting black seed pumpkin method |
| CN107535205A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-01-05 | 陆川县英平畜牧业有限责任公司 | Muskmelon grafting bottle gourd method |
| CN107548757A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-01-09 | 绵阳五洲农业开发有限公司 | Melon nursery is staggered the time double break root graft method |
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| CN1778160A (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2006-05-31 | 上海源怡种苗有限公司 | Graft seedling growth for watermelon and muskmelon |
| CN1903003B (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2010-05-12 | 刘成忠 | Method for grafting gourd plant by using two root stocks |
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| CN101779554B (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2012-06-13 | 杭州秀山美地农业科技有限公司 | Method for grafting Hami melons in subtropics |
| CN102308690A (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-11 | 上海市农业科学院 | Rapid melon seed germination treatment method |
| CN104206184A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-12-17 | 桐城市景艺苗木有限公司 | Treatment method for improving survival rate of nursery stock grafting |
| CN104206184B (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2016-08-17 | 桐城市景艺苗木有限公司 | A kind of processing method improving seedling grafting survival rate |
| CN104885645A (en) * | 2014-10-18 | 2015-09-09 | 安徽盛创农业科技有限公司 | Germination method for muskmelon seeds |
| CN105940919A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-09-21 | 孙建英 | Planting method of milk-flavored honey dew melons |
| CN107535204A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-01-05 | 何恒 | Muskmelon grafting black seed pumpkin method |
| CN107535205A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-01-05 | 陆川县英平畜牧业有限责任公司 | Muskmelon grafting bottle gourd method |
| CN106171494A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2016-12-07 | 陈星瑞 | The cultural method of artificial pollination Fructus Melo |
| CN106386105A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 马山盛世生态种养专业合作社 | Muskmelon planting method capable of promoting yield increase |
| CN106818144A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-06-13 | 魏韩英 | A kind of method of little Bai melons rejuvenation |
| CN107548757A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-01-09 | 绵阳五洲农业开发有限公司 | Melon nursery is staggered the time double break root graft method |
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