CN101288358B

CN101288358B - Rubber seed storage technique

Info

Publication number: CN101288358B
Application number: CN2007101004813A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈雄庭
Original assignee: Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2007-04-16
Filing date: 2007-04-16
Publication date: 2011-09-07
Anticipated expiration: 2027-04-16
Also published as: CN101288358A

Abstract

The invention provides mildewproof, moisture retention, and low temperature storage technologies of rubber seeds. The invention performs physiological, physical, and pathological treatment to the rubber seeds according to the physiological characteristics of rubber seeds such as no dormant period, water loss taboo, aerobic performance and easy mustiness, and the like, and sets proper storage temperature, thus ensuring the rubber seeds to be stored without water loss, mustiness and death. The rubber seeds can be taken out from a seed storage room for seedling on basis of production demand at any time. After the storage of three months or even more time, when the rubber seeds are taken out for raising seedlings, the seedling rate can still be kept more than 90%. The technology solves the long lasting problem that germination rate is very low after the rubber seeds are stored.

Description

The storage technique of hevea seed

Technical field

The present invention relates to sprouting before the hevea seed storage, mildew-resistant processing, reserve temperature, the particularly mildew-resistant of rudiment hevea seed, preserve moisture, technique of refrigeration.

Background technology

Hevea seed does not have tangible resting stage, as long as external environment is suitable, ripe fresh seeds can be germinateed very soon.Hevea seed has dehydration, aerobic, the easy characteristics of going rotten of avoiding.Seed is under the condition that does not have special packing, because dehydration is very fast, respiration is vigorous, and germination rate sharply descends.According to surveying and determination, when seed dehydration weight be itself weight 16.5% the time, germination rate is reduced to below 60%; Under indoor conditions, deposit the seed of two weeks, after germination rate descended 40%, one month, 80% seed can not germinate.Even lose germinating capacity fully.Hevea seed is poor in ventilation, and is easily mildew and rot under the too much condition of moisture content.

Plant Jiao Qu in China, the hevea seed maturing stage is very concentrated, ripe in three batches during September in every year to perpendicular year January, under field conditions (factors), have only the seedling of first planting seed could safety pass the winter (later stage sowing have only Hainan to plant the glue district could safety pass the winter).If seed storage was just sowed to 3-4 month, the germination rate of seed is almost nil.

Produce the rubber kind material overwhelming majority of upward using at present and be budling, the rubber bud grafting is carried out on the stock about life in 1 year usually.In order to shorten the growing-seedling period of rubber seedling, reduce seedling cost, on seedling stock 2-8 age has successively been studied by countries such as 60-80 age Malaysia, carry out bud grafting and also successfully be applied to production.

Grow seedlings based on autumn sowing at China's rubber, had only 2-3 month suitable growth phase before the winter, can be very limited for the time of conventional seedling.For this reason, China researcher Huang Shoufeng, quality of stand husband etc. begin successfully to have studied rubber seedling bud grafting method in the middle and later periods eighties, the core technology of this method is the seedling age with about 20 days, and height of seedling be 20-30cm's and be in the seedling that is stretched to before the leaf stretching period and make stock.

Under adequate moisture and temperature condition, the hevea seed embryonic speed is relatively more consistent, the vegetative stage time of seedling before being stretched to leaf stretching period only has several days, that is to say, the suitable budding time is very short, usually, Bo Zhong seed, differs in 10 days at the suitable morning and evening of carrying out the budding time on the same day, surpass this time, bud take reduces significantly.Therefore, carrying out a large amount of buddings must interval sowing.At present to fail the one of the main reasons of large scale application on producing be exactly also not resolve the key technology of hevea seed storage to the budding technology.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to solve hevea seed extremely low problem of germination rate after preserving, a kind of new method of hevea seed storage is provided, make fresh and alive hevea seed, can keep the emergence rate more than 90% through the storage more than 3 months.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved in that the storage technique of hevea seed comprises: the processing of the sprouting of (1) seed, (2) seed, the storage of (3) seed.It is characterized in that: the hevea seed of rudiment and storage matrix after the medicine mildew-resistant is handled, preserving moisture, carrying out seed storage under ventilation and the cryogenic conditions

Specific implementation method:

Because hevea seed does not have tangible resting stage, under the conventional condition, the seed of storage will soon lose germinating capacity.Therefore, should collect seed a large amount of ripe periods, collect good seed, handle as early as possible and preserve at hevea seed.

1. advance earlier vernalization before the sprouting of seed, seed storage according to a conventional method.

2. the processing of seed.(1) eliminates downright bad seed.(2) mildew-resistant is handled: the carbendazim with 0.15% soaked seed 2 minutes; Spray fermented coconut palm chaff or wooden chaff 2 minutes with 0.15% carbendazim simultaneously, push coconut palm chaff or wooden chaff then, be not as the criterion there to be unnecessary water to ooze out.(3) packing seed: the seed that soaked with carbendazim is mixed (3 parts in seed, 1 part of coconut palm chaff) with coconut palm chaff or wooden chaff in 3: 1 ratios, in the plastic sack that is with holes of packing into after the mixing, every bag of 15-20 kilogram.

2. the storage of seed

Branch is installed seeds in refrigerated room, refrigerated storage temperature: about 12 ℃-13 ℃.

3. sowing (conventional method)

According to the requirement of seed sprouting, carry out outdoor generally speaking temperature.The sowing in winter, but should in the plastic tunnel of winter protection, carry out as far as possible.

Type of seeding: one evening seed is taken out from refrigerated room prior to seeding, the rubber type of seeding is carried out routinely then.

Prepare in the seedbed: hevea seed is aerobic, spreads fine sand (particle diameter 0.5-1mm) or the wood chip through becoming thoroughly decomposed, the coconut palm chaff etc. of thick 3-5cm on common seedbed, and seed spacing is 2-3cm, every m ²Can sow 1.5-2kg approximately.For ease of operation, germination bed face width 1m, long 10m is advisable.

Be to keep moisture, balanced bed surface temperature will be put up movable cool canopy usually or at bed surface loam cake grass, can be opened at any time or cover back in case of necessity, and unit with good conditionsi can broadcast seed in plastic tunnel.Especially winter, seed broadcast to grow seedlings in plastic tunnel help winter protection.

Seeding method: have flat planting and side to broadcast two kinds, it is many that side is broadcast the consumption worker, thus when a large amount of sowing, be advisable with flat planting, and to plant the flat planting mode that goes up dorsad.

Sowing depth: suitably upper seeding under the prerequisite of not revealing the germination hole, but that temperature can be sowed when low is dark slightly.Under suitable external environmental condition, after planting about 10 days for seed sprouts the Sheng phase, sprout rate can reach more than 95% during to 15 days.When first pair of true leaf length of seedling 1-3cm, can carry out budding or broadcast the nursery with being transplanted to and cultivate conventional stock.

Claims

1. the virgin rubber seed storage practice with low temperature bond of preserving moisture, its step comprises: the collection of (1) seed; (2) germination of seed: after with conventional method vernalization seed being sprouted, though eliminate seed downright bad or the disconnected bud of sprouting, the seed of selecting; (3) processing of seed: the carbendazim with 0.15% soaked seed 2 minutes; Soaked the coconut palm chaff that fermented or wooden chaff 2 minutes with 0.15% carbendazim simultaneously, then with hand extruding coconut palm chaff or wooden chaff, to remove redundant moisture; (4) storage of seed: the seed of sprouting that soaked through carbendazim is mixed in 3: 1 ratios with coconut palm chaff or wooden chaff, mixing the back divides in the plastic sack that is with holes of packing into, every bag of 15-20 kilogram, put the low-temp bunker storage then into, in whole hevea seed storage, remain on 12-13 ℃ always; It is characterized in that: before seed storage, carry out vernalization earlier, and seed carried out mildew-resistant handle, just the hevea seed of sprouting preserve moisture and cryogenic conditions under carry out seed storage.