CN110393135B - Method for direct seeding and seedling raising of paphiopedilum albolanum seeds - Google Patents
Method for direct seeding and seedling raising of paphiopedilum albolanum seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN110393135B CN110393135B CN201910486589.3A CN201910486589A CN110393135B CN 110393135 B CN110393135 B CN 110393135B CN 201910486589 A CN201910486589 A CN 201910486589A CN 110393135 B CN110393135 B CN 110393135B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
- A01G22/63—Orchids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of flower seedling culture, and particularly relates to a method for directly seeding and culturing paphiopedilum micranthum seeds, which comprises the following steps: (1) placing the treated bark and surface soil of the original environment in a cultivation pot, and watering thoroughly with water to obtain a seedbed for later use; (2) selecting mature fruit pods obtained by artificial pollination as seeds, peeling off peels, and sowing the seeds on a seedbed; (3) and (4) placing the sowed seedbed in a ventilated and humid culture environment for culturing until the leaves of the seedlings come out of the soil and the leaves of the seedlings reach 2cm wide, and then transplanting. The method for directly seeding the paphiopedilum albolanum seeds in the seedbed can obtain a large amount of robust seedlings through fine management, is simple and feasible, is easy to survive, has the transplanting survival rate of more than 90 percent, provides a new way for large-scale propagation of paphiopedilum albolanum, and effectively solves the problems of plant resource conservation and seedling resource shortage of the current paphiopedilum albolanum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flower seedling culture, and particularly relates to a method for directly seeding and culturing paphiopedilum micranthum seeds.
Background
The Paphiopedilum (Paphiopedilum emersonii) belongs to the Orchidaceae (Orchidaceae) Paphiopedilum perennial herbaceous plant is listed as an extremely dangerous endangered plant in 2004, is a special species in China, is a national grade I protective plant, and has important ecological value and ornamental value. Paphiopedilum is only produced in the extremely narrow karst forest in the southern Guizhou part and the northern Guangxi part, and the existing plants are extremely rare and are positioned at the edge of endangered extinction and vertically distributed on cliffs or broken rock walls with the elevation of 430-. In order to relieve the collection pressure of wild paphiopedilum and meet the requirements of people on paphiopedilum, a great deal of research is carried out on natural artificial propagation of paphiopedilum for scholars in China.
At present, the artificial propagation technology of aseptic seeding and tissue culture of part of paphiopedilum plants is successful, but the problems of complex culture medium, harsh culture conditions and complex culture process generally exist in the artificial propagation technology of paphiopedilum, the artificial propagation cost is high, and the development of the paphiopedilum cultivation technology is greatly limited. The tissue culture and rapid propagation seedling raising method for paphiopedilum hirsutissimum disclosed in the patent application No. 201610945622.0 comprises the following steps: (1) and (3) disinfecting and treating paphiopedilum micranthum seeds: the method comprises the following specific steps: A. firstly, washing with soap water, and then washing with sterile water; B. soaking the mixture for 15 minutes by using 0.1 percent mercuric chloride, and then washing the mixture by using sterile water; C. finally, the mixture was soaked in 75% ethanol for 10 minutes, and then rinsed with sterile water. (2) Planting, germinating and culturing: the culture medium adopted by seed germination culture is 1/2MS, 20ml/L coconut milk, 20g/L cane sugar, 20g/L potato, 0.1mg/LKT, 0.3mg/L active carbon, 6-7g/L agar powder, the pH value is 5.7-5.5, dark culture is carried out for 30-60 days, and the culture temperature is 25 +/-1 ℃. (3) Protocorm culture: the culture medium adopted by the protocorm culture is 1/2MS +0.2mg/LBA +20g/L banana +20g/L cane sugar +0.3mg/L active carbon +6-7g/L agar powder, the PH is 5.7-5.5, the illumination culture is 12hr/d, the illumination intensity is 1500-. (4) Rooting culture: the culture medium adopted for rooting culture is 1/2MS +0.2mg/LNAA +0.1mg/LBA +20g/L banana +0.3mg/L active carbon +6-7g/L agar powder, the pH is 5.7-5.5, the illumination culture is 12hr/d, the illumination intensity is 1500-. (5) Transplanting test-tube seedlings: rooting culture for 60-90 days, hardening seedling for 7-15 days, soaking in 0.1% chlorothalonil solution for 15 pots, drying, transplanting, room temperature 10-28 deg.c, air humidity 80-90% and shading 60-70%. The method provided by the patent solves the problems of low germination rate of paphiopedilum hirsutum seeds and low rooting rate of seedlings; however, the seeds need to be cultured in 3 stages under different culture media and laboratory conditions, and test-tube seedlings which are successfully cultured can be transplanted after hardening off; the culture process is complicated, the culture cost is high, and the method is not suitable for large-scale culture of paphiopedilum albolanum.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, researchers of the invention study the germination rule and growth conditions of paphiopedilum micranthum seeds, and provide a seedling raising technology for direct seeding of paphiopedilum micranthum seeds, which is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for direct seeding and seedling raising of paphiopedilum concora seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing the treated bark with surface soil of a primary environment, placing the mixture in a cultivation pot, and watering the cultivation pot thoroughly with water to obtain a seedbed for later use;
(2) mature fruits obtained by artificial pollination are selected as seeds, and the seeds are sown on a seedbed after peeling off the peels;
(3) and (3) placing the sowed seedbed in a ventilated and humid culture environment for culturing until the leaves of the seedlings come out of the soil, watering the seedlings for 2 times every week after sowing, and transplanting when the leaves of the seedlings reach 2cm in width.
Preferably, the bark is masson pine dried bark.
Preferably, the treatment method of the bark is: making dried bark of Pinus massoniana into small pieces of 2-4cm, soaking in water for 3 days.
Preferably, in the step (1), the weight ratio of the treated bark to the topsoil of the primordial habitat is 3: 1.
Preferably, in the step (1), the total thickness of the treated barks in the cultivation pot and the surface soil of the primordial habitat is more than or equal to 8 cm.
Preferably, the temperature of the culture environment is 18-24 ℃, the humidity is more than 95%, and the illumination intensity is 250-500 lux.
Preferably, in the step (2), the fruit is mature fruit with white green pericarp collected in the field or 4-5 months after artificial pollination.
Preferably, the water is spring water or tap water left to stand for 3-7 days. The flowing spring water contains less germs, so that the invasion of the germs to the seedlings is prevented better; the standing of tap water can prevent the bleaching and sterilizing substances (i.e. hypochlorous acid) in the tap water from damaging the root system of the seedling to hinder the growth of the seedling.
The invention researches the culture material in the cultivation: the research personnel screen and research the pine barks of cedar, masson pine, Chinese pine, white bark pine, mountain pine and the like, and the result shows that the germination rate of paphiopedilum hirsutum seeds is good in matrix prepared from the masson pine barks and the surface soil of the primordial habitat, and the germination rate is about 20.01 percent after seeding for 90 days. Taking the treated masson pine bark and the surface soil of the primordial habitat, changing the weight ratio, placing the masson pine bark and the surface soil in a cultivation pot with the thickness of 10cm, and preparing different seedbeds; then, the same batch of paphiopedilum spicatum seeds which are harvested for 130 days after artificial pollination and have similar sizes are sowed in a seedbed, placed in the same environment for cultivation, and the germination conditions of the seeds are observed, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 germination and growth of seeds on compost of different proportions
As can be seen from Table 1, when the weight ratio of the treated bark to the surface soil of the primordial environment is 3:1, the seeds have good germination rate, and the germinated corms can keep faster differentiation rate; the researchers of the invention also find that the masson pine bark is made into small blocks of 2-4cm, the germination rate can be improved by about 8 percent and can reach about 23.4 percent.
The invention also studies the influence of seed maturity and seed germination: placing the treated bark and the surface soil of the primordial environment in a cultivation pot according to the weight ratio of 3:1, wherein the thickness of the cultivation pot is 10cm, and preparing a seedbed; the harvested fruit pods with different maturity are sown in a seedbed, placed in the same environment for cultivation, and the germination condition of the seeds is observed, as shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 Germination of seeds of different maturity
As can be seen from the table, the higher the maturity of the seeds is, the lower the germination rate after sowing is, which is probably a strategy for adapting to special habitat; seeds 120-150 days after artificial pollination have good germination rate, namely, seeds of 4-5 months.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, bark with wide sources and surface soil of a protozoon are used as the culture material for seedling raising of paphiopedilum concolor seeds, so that the artificial breeding cost of the paphiopedilum concolor seeds is greatly reduced; in addition, in the process of seedling cultivation, the culture material and the growth environment of the seedling do not need to be frequently changed according to the growth stage, and the seedling can be cultivated in a certain environment by only using the same culture medium, so that the management cost is further reduced. The invention adopts the culture medium containing soil to culture seedlings, the cultured seedlings have good adaptability to the transplanting environment, the seedlings can be transplanted without hardening the seedlings, and the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings can reach more than 90 percent.
The method for directly seeding the paphiopedilum hirsutissimum seeds on the seedbed and obtaining a large number of robust seedlings through fine management is simple and easy to implement and easy to survive, provides a new way for large-scale propagation of paphiopedilum hirsutissimum, and effectively solves the problems of conservation of plant resources and shortage of seedling resources of paphiopedilum hirsutissimum at present.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
Example 1
A method for direct seeding and seedling raising of paphiopedilum concora seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing the treated masson pine bark and the surface soil of the primordial habitat according to the weight ratio of 3:1, placing the mixture in a cultivation pot, wherein the thickness of the mixture is 8cm, and completely pouring the mixture with spring water to obtain a seedbed for later use;
(2) selecting fruits obtained 4 months after artificial pollination as seeds, peeling off peels, and sowing the seeds on a seedbed;
(3) culturing the sowed seedbed in a culture environment with the temperature of 18-24 ℃, the humidity of more than 95 percent and the illumination intensity of 250-500 lux; after seeding, the mountain spring water is thoroughly poured every week for 2 times; protocorms appear after about 3 months of culture, and the germination rate is 20.3%; when the width of the seedling leaves reaches 2cm, the seedlings are transplanted into a culture medium which is the same as the original soil for sowing, and the survival rate can reach 92.3 percent by managing according to the conventional technology.
Further, the bark treatment method comprises the following steps: making dried masson pine bark into small pieces of 2-4cm, soaking in water for 3 days.
Example 2
A method for direct seeding and seedling raising of paphiopedilum concora seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) placing the treated bark and surface soil of the primordial environment in a cultivation pot according to the weight ratio of 3:1, wherein the thickness is 15cm, and thoroughly watering with tap water which is kept stand for 3-5 days to prepare a seedbed for later use;
(2) mature fruits obtained 5 months after artificial pollination are selected as seeds, and the seeds are sown on a seedbed after peeling off the peels;
(3) culturing the sown seedbed in a culture environment with the temperature of 18-24 ℃, the humidity of more than 95 percent and the illumination intensity of 250-; after sowing, thoroughly watering and standing for 2 times in 3-5 days every week; culturing for about 3 months to obtain protocorm with germination rate of 16.15%, and culturing for 6-7 months to make the leaves of the seedling come out of the soil; when the width of the seedling leaves reaches 2cm, the seedlings are transplanted into a culture medium for original sowing and managed according to the conventional technology, and the survival rate can reach 94.3%.
Further, the bark treatment method comprises the following steps: making dried masson pine bark into small pieces of 2-4cm, soaking in water for 3 days.
Example 3
A method for direct seeding and seedling raising of paphiopedilum concora seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) placing the treated bark and surface soil of the primordial environment in a cultivation pot according to the weight ratio of 3:1, wherein the thickness is 20cm, and thoroughly watering with tap water which is kept stand for 5-7 days to prepare a seedbed for later use;
(2) mature fruits obtained 125 days after artificial pollination are selected as seeds, and the seeds are sown on a seedbed after peeling off the peels;
(3) culturing the sown seedbed in a culture environment with the temperature of 18-24 ℃, the humidity of more than 95 percent and the illumination intensity of 250-; after sowing, thoroughly watering and standing for 2 times in 3-5 days every week; protocorm appears after about 3 months of culture, the germination rate is 23.41 percent, and the leaves of the seedlings are cultivated for 7-8 months and come out of the soil; when the width of the seedling leaves reaches 2cm, the seedlings are transplanted into the same culture medium as the original seeding, and the survival rate can reach 93.7 percent by management according to the conventional technology.
Further, the bark treatment method comprises the following steps: making dried masson pine bark into small pieces of 2-4cm, soaking in water for 3 days.
Example 4
A method for direct seeding and seedling raising of paphiopedilum concora seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) placing the treated bark and surface soil of the primordial environment in a cultivation pot according to the weight ratio of 3:1, wherein the thickness of the cultivation pot is 20cm, and thoroughly watering with spring water to obtain a seedbed for later use;
(2) selecting mature fruits with white and green peels collected in the field as seeds, peeling the peels, and sowing the peeled fruits on a seedbed;
(3) culturing the sown seedbed in a culture environment with the temperature of 18-24 ℃, the humidity of more than 95 percent and the illumination intensity of 250-; after seeding, the mountain spring water is thoroughly poured every week for 2 times; protocorms appear after about 3 months of culture, the germination rate is 14.82%, and the leaves of seedlings are cultivated for 7-8 months and come out of the soil; when the width of the seedling leaves reaches 2cm, the seedlings are transplanted into the same culture medium as the original seeding, and the survival rate can reach 93.7 percent by management according to the conventional technology.
Further, the bark treatment method comprises the following steps: making dried masson pine bark into small pieces of 2-4cm, soaking in water for 3 days.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that the thickness of the treated bark and surface soil of the habitat is less than 8cm and 6-7 cm; the rest seedling raising processes are the same. After the seeds are sowed in the seedbed, the germination rate of the seeds is lower than that of example 1 and is 7.6%, and the growth rate of protocorms is lower than that of example 1; may be the reason for insufficient moisture retention.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 4 in that the light intensity was below 250lux and 150 and 200 lux; the rest seedling raising processes are the same. The seeds are sowed in the seedbed and germinate about 4 months later, and the germination rate is 9.8% which is lower than that of the example 4.
Comparative example 3
The comparison example 3 is different from the example 4 in that the illumination intensity is higher than 500lux and is 600-1000 lux; the rest seedling raising processes are the same. After the seeds are sowed in the seedbed, the seeds germinate about one week in advance, but the germination rate is far lower than that of example 4 and is 6.4%.
It should be noted that the above examples and test examples are only for further illustration and understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not to be construed as further limitations of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the invention which does not highlight essential features and significant advances made by those skilled in the art still belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for direct seeding and seedling raising of paphiopedilum concora seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing the treated bark with surface soil of a primary environment, placing the mixture in a cultivation pot, and watering the cultivation pot thoroughly with water to obtain a seedbed for later use;
(2) mature fruits obtained by artificial pollination are selected as seeds, and the seeds are sown on a seedbed after peeling off the peels;
(3) placing the sowed seedbed in a ventilated and humid culture environment, and culturing until the leaves of the seedlings come out of the soil and the leaves of the seedlings reach 2cm wide, and then transplanting;
in the step (1), the weight ratio of the treated barks to the surface soil of the primordial habitat is 3: 1;
in the step (1), the total thickness of the treated barks in the cultivation pot and the surface soil of the primordial habitat is more than or equal to 8 cm;
the bark is a dry bark of masson pine;
the temperature of the culture environment is 18-24 ℃, the humidity is more than 95%, and the illumination intensity is 250-500 lux.
2. The method for direct seeding and seedling raising of paphiopedilum concora seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the treatment method of the bark is as follows: making masson pine bark into small pieces of 2-4cm, soaking in water for 3 days.
3. The method for direct seeding and seedling raising of seeds of paphiopedilum as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the fruits are fruits 4-5 months after artificial pollination or mature fruits with white-green pericarp collected in the field.
4. The method for direct seeding and seedling raising of paphiopedilum concora seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water is spring water or tap water left to stand for 3-7 days.
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