CN101253846A - Passionflower tree type nutrient fluid cultivation method - Google Patents

Passionflower tree type nutrient fluid cultivation method Download PDF

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CN101253846A
CN101253846A CNA2008101032061A CN200810103206A CN101253846A CN 101253846 A CN101253846 A CN 101253846A CN A2008101032061 A CNA2008101032061 A CN A2008101032061A CN 200810103206 A CN200810103206 A CN 200810103206A CN 101253846 A CN101253846 A CN 101253846A
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nutrient solution
temperature
nitrate
passionflower
sulphate
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CN101253846B (en
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宋卫堂
曲明山
贺建德
徐志豪
李旭
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China Agricultural University
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China Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating passionflowers with nutrient fluids. The method includes planting passionflower seedlings in the DFT cultivation system in a greenhouse, using the nutrient fluids with different nutrient and cultivation vegetation periods, as well as controlling the temperature, pH, EC of the nutrient fluids and the greenhouse conditions such as temperature, humidity and lighting. The method can bring into full play the advantages of nutrient-fluid cultivation, thereby causing the passionflowers to grow fast, prolonging the blossoming and fruit-bearing periods, and providing more visual value for the passionflowers. Secondly, the method can raise the yield of passionflowers, with 2,000 to 2,500 fruits per plant normally.

Description

A kind of passionflower tree type nutrient fluid cultivation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivation of plants method, relate in particular to a kind of passionflower tree type nutrient fluid cultivation method.
Background technology
Passionflower (Herba Passiflorae Coeruleae has another name called egg fruit, passion fruit) belongs to the Passifloraceae Passiflora, the torrid zone, subtropics rattan wood fruit tree.Passionflower can be used as ornamental plants, sees leaf, sees flower, sees fruit; Its fruit sweet and sour taste, fragrant platform people is mainly used in processing fruit juice, and the title of " beverage king " is arranged; Also can be used as traditional Chinese medicine.
Passiflora viticula property fruit tree, plant in the area that is suitable on the south north latitude 24 degree of warm, annual no freeze injury weather.General by 3 * 3 meters strains, line-spacing plantation.Passionflower stem length can reach 10 meters, and complicated and confused elongated flexible, generally needs the scaffolding frame to carry out pruning.Field planting survives the back and in time extracts main axillalry bud on climing, weekly bud picking once, to impel the trunk growth and to put on the shelf early.Carry out cutting back after putting on the shelf, promote branch, general every strain only stays 2~3 branches as the master branch, to the different directions elongation, treats the crossing cutting back that carries out again of different side shoots, the evenly growth around frame rapidly of short its lateral bine, formation fruit bearing shoot.
Passionflower flowering stage long (annual May is to November), the fructescence long (January July to next year).In the actual production at present, average every strain can be tied 100~250 fruits, and every strain can be received 12~17 kilograms of fruits.
The passionflower type is peculiar, lovely luster, and greenery, pale reddish brown, purple fruit (yellow fruit) can bring pleasing sense to people, have ornamental value, therefore can be used as the sight-seeing agriculture plant.Still there is not the passionflower tree type nutrient fluid cultivation of carrying out report at present.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of passionflower tree type nutrient fluid cultivation method.The inventive method can make that the passionflower plant strain growth is rapid, result quantities is big.
Realize that technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of passionflower tree type nutrient fluid cultivation method may further comprise the steps:
(1), in the greenhouse, with vegetative growth phase nutrient solution insert in the cultivating groove, the liquid level of nutrient solution is 30~35cm in the cultivating groove; Described vegetative growth phase, the constituent and the ratio thereof of nutrient solution were: nitrate of lime 300~400g/T, potassium nitrate 175~225g/T, magnesium sulfate 200~280g/T, ammonium nitrate 75~85g/T, EDTA iron 20~25g/T, boric acid 2~5g/T, manganese sulphate 1~3g/T, zinc sulphate 1~2g/T, copper sulphate 0.05~0.1g/T, ammonium molybdate 0.05~0.1g/T, and all the other are water;
(2), the passionflower sapling of the plant height 10~20cm that will breed in nutrition soil takes out, and washes root system, be colonizated in then and nourish and grow 3~4 months in the cultivating groove; Wherein the growth conditions of vegetative growth phase is: the temperature of nutrient solution is 19~24 ℃, and pH=5.8~6.2, EC=1.7~2.2mS/cm, the dissolved oxygen content in the nutrient solution are 4~7mg/L; The temperature in greenhouse be daytime 25~32 ℃ of temperature, night 13~17 ℃ of temperature, the humidity in greenhouse is 55~75%, the intensity of illumination in greenhouse is 4~50,000 lux;
(3) in vegetative growth phase, reproductive growth is restrained in measure to take point, deflorate etc.;
(4) reach 15~20m when the influences of plant crown gross area 2The time, beginning to stay flower, stay fruit, passionflower enters reproductive growth period; Discharge nutrient solution vegetative growth phase in the cultivating groove, the reproductive stage nutrient solution is inserted in the cultivating groove, the growth conditions of reproductive stage is: solution temperature is 20~25 ℃, pH=6.0~6.4, EC=2.7~3.3m mS/cm, and the dissolved oxygen content in the nutrient solution is 7~9mg/L; The temperature in greenhouse be daytime 27~32 ℃ of temperature, night 15~18 ℃ of temperature, the humidity in greenhouse is 70~90%, intensity of illumination is at 5~60,000 lux, get final product the big passionflower tree of result quantities; The composition of described reproductive stage nutrient solution and ratio are: nitrate of lime 354~420g/T, potassium nitrate 162~205g/T, magnesium sulfate 220~265g/T, ammonium nitrate 75~85g/T, EDTA iron 23~29g/T, boric acid 2~5g/T, manganese sulphate 1~3g/T, zinc sulphate 1~2g/T, copper sulphate 0.05~0.1g/T, ammonium molybdate 0.05~0.1g/T, all the other are water.
Described in the above-mentioned cultivation method step (2) vegetative growth phase nutrient solution temperature be preferably 22 ℃.
The temperature of the reproductive stage nutrient solution described in the above-mentioned cultivation method step (4) is preferably 23 ℃.
The humidity in the greenhouse described in the above-mentioned cultivation method step (4) is preferably 70~85%.
Described in the above-mentioned cultivation method step (1) vegetative growth phase nutrient solution the preparation method: take by weighing potassium nitrate 175~225g/T, magnesium sulfate 200~280g/T, ammonium nitrate 75~85g/T, EDTA iron 20~25g/T, boric acid 2~5g/T, manganese sulphate 1~3g/T, zinc sulphate 1~2g/T, copper sulphate 0.05~0.1g/T, ammonium molybdate 0.05~0.1g/T according to following ratio, and it is soluble in water respectively, get mother liquor, respectively mother liquor is poured in the container then, stir, add entry again, up to 3/4 amount; With the dissolving of nitrate of lime 300~400g/T water, be added to then in the container, stir, add the water constant volume again, get nutrient solution vegetative growth phase.
The preparation method of the reproductive stage nutrient solution described in the above-mentioned cultivation method step (4),: take by weighing potassium nitrate 162~205g/T, magnesium sulfate 220~265g/T, ammonium nitrate 75~85g/T, EDTA iron 23~29g/T according to following ratio, boric acid 2~5g/T, manganese sulphate 1~3g/T, zinc sulphate 1~2g/T, copper sulphate 0.05~0.1g/T, ammonium molybdate 0.05~0.1g/T, and it is soluble in water respectively, get mother liquor, then mother liquor is poured into respectively in the container, stirred; Add entry again, up to 3/4 amount; With the dissolving of nitrate of lime 354~420g/T water, be added to then in the container, stir, add the water constant volume; Get the reproductive stage nutrient solution.
The passionflower sapling of breeding in the above-mentioned nutrition soil generally is to obtain by cuttage.
Described in above-mentioned cultivation method step (1) or the step (4) what nutrient solution was inserted can be DFT (DeepFlow Technique, deep-flow technique) cultivation system.
Reproductive stage described in the above-mentioned cultivation method step (4) when the most of flowering of flower fringe, can spray exogenous hormone and handle, and as 2,4-D or tomato spirit etc., carries out flower and fruit protecting.
The adjusting of EC value in the described nutrient solution of said method can when the EC value is higher, reduce by add water in nutrient solution by adding water or nutrient solution is regulated; When the EC value is on the low side, improve by extra-nutrition liquid;
The adjustment of pH value in the above-mentioned nutrient solution can be regulated by the method for adding nitric acid or potassium hydroxide in nutrient solution (reduce or improve).
Above-mentioned dissolved oxygen content is controlled by oxygenating system.
Temperature in the above-mentioned greenhouse can realize by the heating of greenhouse, cooling system.
Humidity in the above-mentioned greenhouse can realize by humidification, the dehumidification system in greenhouse.
Intensity of illumination in the above-mentioned greenhouse can realize by greenhouse sunshade, light filling system.
Device therefor and control method all are well known to those skilled in the art among the present invention, and device therefor all can be bought from the market.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: (1) the present invention provides a kind of new cultivation method---ciltivating process for passionflower; (2) the inventive method can be given full play to the advantage of nutrient fluid cultivation, makes passionflower growth rapidly, and flowering stage, fruiting period are longer, have more ornamental value; (3) the inventive method can make passionflower quantity is higher as a result, and general every strain result can reach 2000~2500.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The passionflower tree type nutrient fluid cultivation test
This is tested 3~November in 2005 and carries out in greenhouse, special vegetable base, Xiao Tang mountain, ChangPing, Beijing City district, and its specific implementation method is as follows:
(1) preparation nutrient solution vegetative growth phase: potassium nitrate 201g, magnesium sulfate 240g, ammonium nitrate 85g, EDTA iron 22g, boric acid 3g, manganese sulphate 2g, zinc sulphate 0.52g, copper sulphate 0.08g, ammonium molybdate 0.08g is soluble in water respectively, form mother liquor; In container, add half water of required volume, join mother liquor in the container successively then; Stir, add water to the amount of volume 3/4 then; With the dissolving of nitrate of lime 350g water, be added in the container, stir, water is settled to 1000 kilograms again;
(2) start DFT (Deep Flow Technique, deep-flow technique) cultivation system, with vegetative growth phase nutrient solution place cultivating groove, its nutrient solution liquid level reaches the 32cm height;
(3) passionflower sapling that will breed in nutrition soil, plant height 17cm is taken out, and cleans root system with clear water, cultivates in the cultivating groove of DFT in being colonizated in; Wherein the growth conditions of vegetative growth phase is: the pH=6.0 of nutrient solution, EC=2.0mS/cm: solution temperature is 22 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen content of nutrient solution is 5.6mg/L; 30 ℃ of the temperature in daytime in greenhouse, night 15 ℃ of temperature, humidity be 60%, light intensity 4~50,000 lux;
(5) fertility the early stage is taked vexed point, measure such as deflorate restrains reproductive growth by force, strengthens nourishing and growing;
(6) reach 15m when the influences of plant crown gross area 2The time, begin to stay flower, stay fruit;
(7) preparation reproductive stage nutrient solution: with potassium nitrate 182g, magnesium sulfate 240g, ammonium nitrate 80g, EDTA iron 25g, boric acid 3g, manganese sulphate 5g, zinc sulphate 0.8g, copper sulphate 0.08g, ammonium molybdate 0.08g distinguish soluble in water, form mother liquor; In container, add water to half of volume, successively to wherein adding mother liquor, stir then; In container, add water to 3/4 amount of volume again; 384g is soluble in water with nitrate of lime, adds then in the container, stirs, and adds water and is settled to 1000 kilograms and gets final product;
(8) with vegetative growth phase nutrient solution remove, by the DET system reproductive stage nutrient solution is placed cultivating groove again, adjust pH=6.0, the EC=3.0mS/cm of nutrient solution: solution temperature is 23 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen content in the nutrient solution is 8mg/L; The temperature in daytime in greenhouse be 30 ℃, night temperature be 17 ℃, the humidity in greenhouse is 80%, the greenhouse intensity of illumination is 5~60,000 lux;
(9) when flowering, spray exogenous hormone 2,4-D, carry out flower and fruit protecting;
When (10) whole cultivation phase finishes, from the maximum strain passionflower tree of result quantities, 2437 of the passionflower fruits of gathering altogether.
Embodiment 2
The passionflower tree type nutrient fluid cultivation test
This is tested 2~December in 2006 and carries out in greenhouse, special vegetable base, Xiao Tang mountain, ChangPing, Beijing City district, and its specific implementation method is as follows:
(1) preparation nutrient solution vegetative growth phase: potassium nitrate 195g, magnesium sulfate 255g, ammonium nitrate 80g, EDTA iron 24g, boric acid 3g, manganese sulphate 3g, zinc sulphate 0.8g, copper sulphate 0.06g, ammonium molybdate 0.06g is soluble in water respectively, form mother liquor; In container, add half water of required volume, join mother liquor in the container successively then; Stir, add water to the amount of volume 3/4 then; With the dissolving of nitrate of lime nitrate of lime 365g water, be added in the container, stir, water is settled to 1000 kilograms again;
(2) start DFT (Deep Flow Technique, deep-flow technique) cultivation system, with vegetative growth phase nutrient solution place cultivating groove, its nutrient solution liquid level reaches the 35cm height;
(3) passionflower sapling that will breed in nutrition soil, plant height 13cm is taken out, and cleans root system with clear water, cultivates in the cultivating groove of DFT in being colonizated in; The wherein pH=5.8 of nutrient solution, EC=2.2mS/cm: temperature remains on 23 ℃, dissolved oxygen content 6.3mg/L; 18 ℃ of the temperature in daytime in greenhouse, night 17 ℃ of temperature, humidity be 70%, light intensity 4~50,000 lux;
(5) fertility the early stage is taked vexed point, measure such as deflorate restrains reproductive growth by force, strengthens nourishing and growing.
(6) reach 13m when the influences of plant crown gross area 2The time, begin to stay flower, stay fruit;
(7) according to following formulated reproductive stage nutrient solution: with potassium nitrate 170g, magnesium sulfate 225g, ammonium nitrate 75g, EDTA iron 24g, boric acid 2.5g, manganese sulphate 4g, zinc sulphate 1g, copper sulphate 0.06g, ammonium molybdate 0.08g distinguish soluble in water, form mother liquor; In container, add water to half of volume, successively to wherein adding mother liquor, stir then; In container, add water to 3/4 amount of volume again; 391g is soluble in water with nitrate of lime, adds then in the container, stirs, and adds water and is settled to 1000 kilograms and gets final product;
(8) with vegetative growth phase nutrient solution remove, by the DET system reproductive stage nutrient solution is placed cultivating groove again, adjust pH=6.0, the EC=2.9mS/cm of nutrient solution: solution temperature remains on 23 ℃, the dissolved oxygen content 8.5mg/L in the nutrient solution; 32 ℃ of the temperature in daytime in greenhouse, night 18 ℃ of temperature, the humidity in greenhouse is 85%, greenhouse intensity of illumination 5~60,000 lux;
(9) when flowering, spray the spirit of exogenous hormone tomato, carry out flower and fruit protecting;
When (10) whole cultivation phase finishes, from the maximum strain passionflower tree of result quantities, 2679 of the passionflower fruits of gathering altogether.
Embodiment 3
The passionflower tree type nutrient fluid cultivation test
This is tested 4~November in 2007 and carries out in greenhouse, institute of agricultural sciences base, Fangshan District, Beijing, and its specific implementation method is as follows:
(1) preparation nutrient solution vegetative growth phase: potassium nitrate 195g, magnesium sulfate 210g, ammonium nitrate 78g, EDTA iron 23g, boric acid 3.2g, manganese sulphate 2.1g, zinc sulphate 0.6g, copper sulphate 0.1g, ammonium molybdate 0.05g is soluble in water respectively, form mother liquor; In container, add half water of required volume, join mother liquor in the container successively then; Stir, add water to the amount of volume 3/4 then; With the dissolving of nitrate of lime nitrate of lime 310g water, be added in the container, stir, water is settled to 1000 kilograms again;
(2) start DFT (Deep Flow Technique, deep-flow technique) cultivation system, nutrient solution is placed cultivating groove, its nutrient solution liquid level reaches the 25cm height;
(3) passionflower sapling that will breed in nutrition soil, plant height 20cm is taken out, and cleans root system with clear water, cultivates in the cultivating groove of DFT in being colonizated in; The wherein pH=6.1 of nutrient solution, EC=2.2mS/cm: temperature remains on 21 ℃, dissolved oxygen content 6.7mg/L; 26 ℃ of the temperature in daytime in greenhouse, night 16 ℃ of temperature, humidity be 70%, light intensity 4~50,000 lux;
(5) fertility the early stage is taked vexed point, measure such as deflorate restrains reproductive growth by force, strengthens nourishing and growing.
(6) reach 20m when the influences of plant crown gross area 2The time, begin to stay flower, stay fruit;
(7) according to following formulated reproductive stage nutrient solution: with potassium nitrate 195g, magnesium sulfate 250g, ammonium nitrate 75g, EDTA iron 23g, boric acid 2.7g, manganese sulphate 4g, zinc sulphate 0.7g, copper sulphate 0.06g, ammonium molybdate 0.08g distinguish soluble in water, form mother liquor; In container, add water to half of volume, successively to wherein adding mother liquor, stir then; In container, add water to 3/4 amount of volume again; 355g is soluble in water with nitrate of lime, adds then in the container, stirs, and adds water and is settled to 1000 kilograms and gets final product;
(8) with vegetative growth phase nutrient solution remove, by the DET system reproductive stage nutrient solution is placed cultivating groove again, the growth conditions of reproductive stage is: the pH=6.2 of nutrient solution, EC=2.8mS/cm: the temperature of nutrient solution is 22 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen content in the nutrient solution is 8.5mg/L; The temperature in daytime in greenhouse be 32 ℃, night temperature be 18 ℃, the humidity in greenhouse is 85%, the greenhouse intensity of illumination is 5~60,000 lux;
(9) when flowering, spray exogenous hormone 2,4-D, carry out flower and fruit protecting;
When (10) whole cultivation phase finishes, from the maximum strain passionflower tree of result quantities, 2068 of the passionflower fruits of gathering altogether.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of passionflower tree type nutrient fluid cultivation method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1), in the greenhouse, with vegetative growth phase nutrient solution insert in the cultivating groove, the nutrient solution liquid level is 30~35cm in the cultivating groove; Described vegetative growth phase, the constituent and the ratio thereof of nutrient solution were: nitrate of lime 300~400g/T, potassium nitrate 175~225g/T, magnesium sulfate 200~280g/T, ammonium nitrate 75~85g/T, EDTA iron 20~25g/T, boric acid 2~5g/T, manganese sulphate 1~3g/T, zinc sulphate 1~2g/T, copper sulphate 0.05~0.1g/T, ammonium molybdate 0.05~0.1g/T, and all the other are water;
(2), the plant height that will breed in nutrition soil is that the passionflower sapling of 10~20cm is taken out, and washes root system, be colonizated in then and nourish and grow 3~4 months in the cultivating groove; Wherein the growth conditions of vegetative growth phase is: the temperature of nutrient solution is 19~24 ℃, and pH=5.8~6.2, EC=1.7~2.2mS/cm, the dissolved oxygen content in the nutrient solution are 4~7mg/L; The temperature in greenhouse be daytime 25~32 ℃ of temperature, night 13~17 ℃ of temperature, the humidity in greenhouse is 55~75%, intensity of illumination is at 4~50,000 lux;
(3) in vegetative growth phase, measure suppresses reproductive growth to take point, deflorate etc.;
(4) reach 15~20m when the influences of plant crown gross area 2The time, beginning to stay flower, stay fruit, passionflower enters reproductive growth period; Discharge nutrient solution vegetative growth phase in the cultivating groove, the reproductive stage nutrient solution is inserted in the cultivating groove, the growth conditions of reproductive stage is: the temperature of nutrient solution is 20~25 ℃, pH=6.0~6.4, EC=2.7~3.3m mS/cm, and the dissolved oxygen content in the nutrient solution is 7~9mg/L; Greenhouse temperature be daytime 27~32 ℃ of temperature, night 15~18 ℃ of temperature, humidity is 70~90%, intensity of illumination is 5~60,000 lux; Can get the big passionflower tree of result quantities; The composition of described reproductive stage nutrient solution and ratio are: nitrate of lime 354~420g/T, potassium nitrate 162~205g/T, magnesium sulfate 220~265g/T, ammonium nitrate 75~85g/T, EDTA iron 23~29g/T, boric acid 2~5g/T, manganese sulphate 1~3g/T, zinc sulphate 1~2g/T, copper sulphate 0.05~0.1g/T, ammonium molybdate 0.05~0.1g/T, all the other are water.
2,, it is characterized in that the temperature of its step (2) middle vegetative growth phase of nutrient solution is 22 ℃ according to the described cultivation method of claim 1.
3,, it is characterized in that the temperature of reproductive stage nutrient solution in its step (4) is 23 ℃ according to claim 1 or 2 described cultivation methods.
4, according to the described cultivation method of claim 3, it is characterized in that the reproductive stage described in its step (4), when flower fringe major part flowering, can spray exogenous hormone.
5,, it is characterized in that described outer rim hormone is 2,4-D or tomato spirit etc. according to the described cultivation method of claim 4.
6,, it is characterized in that the used equipment of cultivating groove that nutrient solution is inserted described in its step (1) or the step (4) can be the DFT cultivation system according to the described cultivation method of claim 1.
7, nutrient solution vegetative growth phase described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that its constituent and ratio thereof are: nitrate of lime 300~400g/T, potassium nitrate 175~225g/T, magnesium sulfate 200~280g/T, ammonium nitrate 75~85g/T, EDTA iron 20~25g/T, boric acid 2~5g/T, manganese sulphate 1~3g/T, zinc sulphate 1~2g/T, copper sulphate 0.05~0.1g/T, ammonium molybdate 0.05~0.1g/T, all the other are water.
8, the reproductive stage nutrient solution described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that its constituent and ratio thereof are: nitrate of lime 354~420g/T, potassium nitrate 162~205g/T, magnesium sulfate 220~265g/T, ammonium nitrate 75~85g/T, EDTA iron 23~29g/T, boric acid 2~5g/T, manganese sulphate 1~3g/T, zinc sulphate 1~2g/T, copper sulphate 0.05~0.1g/T, ammonium molybdate 0.05~0.1g/T, all the other are water.
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CN101810199B (en) * 2009-11-25 2012-12-26 陕西永泰生物工程有限责任公司 Fruit-tree anti-freezing flower retention agent and preparation method thereof
CN101803555A (en) * 2010-04-09 2010-08-18 中国农业大学 Wax apple nutrient solution culture method
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CN103355142A (en) * 2013-07-04 2013-10-23 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 A kind of passionflower soilless culture method
CN103931382A (en) * 2014-03-27 2014-07-23 太仓市永发农场专业合作社 Passion fruit seedling cultivation method
CN104844301A (en) * 2015-05-07 2015-08-19 柳州环山科技有限公司 Special nitrogenous fertilizer for passion fruit
CN105432445A (en) * 2015-11-19 2016-03-30 浙江省农业科学院 Production method and intelligent control system for floating hydroponic green vegetables
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CN109892160A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-06-18 广西凭祥桂商现代农业投资有限公司 A kind of introduction and cultivation method of Vietnam's passion fruit
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