CN101219447A - 具有平衡形状的挤出结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有平衡形状的挤出结构,其中挤出头被置于在基材上,并且材料通过所述挤出头的倾斜(例如,半圆形或锥形)的出口孔被挤出以形成具有平衡形状的关联挤出结构,其在被沉积在所述基材上之后抵抗下陷。所述挤出头包括流体通道,其具有由平坦的第一(例如,金属)片板形成的平坦表面,以及由细长的倾斜沟形成的倾斜(例如,基本上半圆柱形的)表面,其是蚀刻的,否则在第二片板中形成。所述流体通道与所述出口孔连通,其具有由所述第一片板形成的平坦边缘,以及由所述倾斜沟的端部形成的倾斜边缘。所述材料被挤出通过所述出口孔,从而使其平坦的下表面接触所述基材,并且其倾斜的上表面背向所述基材。两种材料被共挤出以形成大高宽比的网格。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及挤出系统和方法,并且更具体地涉及微挤出系统和方法,其用于共-挤出多个类似和/或不同的材料,以形成具有相对大的高宽比的相对精细结构。
背景技术:
在传统的挤出中,材料的坯体被推和/或拉过模具以产生棒、轨、管等。
图11是显示一种常规的微挤出系统的挤出头30的透视图,其用于在基材101的上表面102上生产细微特征的(例如,小于50微米的宽度和高度)结构20。挤出头30包括使用已知的高压压片结合技术而被层压在一起的金属板31、32和33,一个或多个所述板被加工,以限定流体通道34,其与在所述头的侧边上限定的出口孔35相连通。挤出材料通过输入口37被插入到流体通道34中,从而所述挤出材料被成型并被挤出通过出口孔35,从出口孔35所述挤出材料被分配到目标结构(例如,基材101的上表面102)上。
传统的微挤出技术是有限制的,例如,它们不能在低于$1/平方英尺成本下实现相对大的高宽比例(例如,1∶1或更大的)或多孔结构。因此,挤出典型地不被用来产生用于电化学(例如,燃料)、太阳能、和/或其它类型的电池的导电触点和/或通道,而所述这些应用要利用大高宽比的细微特征多孔结构,以增加效率以及电能的产生。当前需要的是一种用于有效地生产微挤出结构的系统和方法,所述微挤出结构可被用于,例如,高品质光电池和等离子体显示板的生产中。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种微挤出设备,其用于生产在基材上具有平衡形状(equilibrium shape)的挤出结构,所述微挤出设备包含:
挤出头,包括:
第一片板,其具有第一表面和第一侧边;
第二片板,其具有第二表面和第二侧边,
其中所述第二片板被设置在所述第一片板上,从而使所述第二表面的平面部分与所述第一表面相邻接,并且所述第二侧边与所述第一侧边对准,这样所述第一和第二侧边形成所述挤出头的边缘表面,并且
其中所述第二片板的第二表面限定了从第二侧边延伸并具有凹陷的倾斜表面的细长沟,从而形成具有出口孔的流体通道,其包括由第一片板限定的直的第一边缘和由所述细长沟限定的倾斜的第二边缘;并且
用于使所述挤出头相对于基材移动的装置,与此同时所述挤出头迫使材料通过所述流体通道,从而使材料从所述出口孔挤出,并在所述基材上形成关联的挤出结构,其中所述挤出结构具有平坦的下表面,其由所述孔的平坦第一边缘形成并与所述表面接触,以及上表面,其由所述出口孔的弯曲第二边缘形成并且背向所述基材。
在所述设备中,其中所述装置包含与挤出材料源连接的挤出装置,并且其中所述挤出头被固定设置在所述挤出装置上。
在所述设备中,还包括用于在挤出前加热所述挤出材料的装置、用于在挤出期间冷却所述基材的装置、以及用于固化所述被挤出的材料的装置中的至少一个。
在所述设备中,所述流体通道包含三通道空腔,其包括一个中心通道以及相对的第一和第二侧向通道,其中所述中心通道包含细长的沟,并且所述第一和第二侧向通道包括第二和第三细长沟,并且其中所述中心通道以及所述第一和第二侧向通道与所述出口孔连通,并且
其中所述设备还包括用于将功能材料注入到所述三通道空腔的中心通道中的装置,同时将支持材料注入所述三通道空腔的第一和第二侧向通道中,从而使从所述出口孔挤出的功能材料形成所述挤出结构的关联大高宽比的功能结构,并且从所述出口孔挤出的所述支持材料形成分别布置在所述关联功能结构相对侧上关联的第一和第二支持材料部分。
在所述设备中,所述第一片板限定了分别与所述三通道空腔的第一和第二侧向通道相连通的第一和第二进入端口(Inlet port),并且所述挤出头还包括第三片板,其具有与所述三通道空腔的中心通道连通的第三进入端口,并且
其中所述用于注入所述功能材料和支持材料的装置包含用于迫使所述功能材料通过所述第三进入端口进入所述中心通道之内同时迫使所述支持材料分别通过所述第一和第二入口进入所述第一和第二侧向通道之内的装置。
在所述设备中,其中所述第二片板进一步限定了进入开口(Inletopening),其布置在所述细长沟中邻近于闭合端并完全延伸通过第二片板,以及
其中所述用于注入功能材料的装置包括用于迫使所述功能材料通过所述第三进入端口以及所述进入开口进入所述中心通道内的装置。
在本发明所述的微挤出系统中,所述第一和第二片板包括金属板。
本发明另一方面还涉及一种用于在基材上形成具有平衡形状的挤出结构方法,所述方法包含:
邻近于基材表面来定位挤出头,从而使由所述挤出头限定的出口孔置于所述表面上,其中所述挤出头包含第一和第二片板,其间限定了与所述出口孔连通的流体通道,所述第一片板具有基本上平坦的表面,其限定了所述出口孔的平坦边缘,并且所述第二片板限定了细长的倾斜沟,其限定了所述出口孔的倾斜边缘;
相对于所述基材移动所述挤出头,同时迫使材料通过所述流体通道,从而使所述材料从所述出口孔挤出,并且在所述基材上形成关联挤出结构,
其中所述挤出头相对于所述基材被定位,从而由所述孔的平坦边缘形成所述挤出结构的平坦下表面,并与所述表面接触,以及由所述出口孔的倾斜边缘形成所述挤出结构的上表面,并且背向所述基材。
在本发明的方法中,提供所述挤出头包含:
蚀刻所述第一片板以形成细长的倾斜沟;
蚀刻所述第二片板从而使所述第二片板包括完全通过所述第二片板的进入端口;并且
将所述第一片板与所述第二片板相结合,从而使所述进入端口与所述细长沟的封闭端对准。
在本发明的方法中,提供所述挤出头包含在与被挤出材料的源连接的挤出装置上固定设置所述挤出头。
在本发明的方法中,还包括在挤出前加热所述挤出材料、在挤出期间冷却所述基材、以及固化所述被挤出的材料中的至少一个。
在本发明的方法中,其中所述流体通道包含三通道空腔,其包括中心通道和相对的第一和第二侧向通道,其中中心通道和第一和第二侧向通道各自包括关联的所述细长沟并与所述出口孔相连通,并且
其中迫使所述材料通过所述流体通道包含将功能材料注入到所述三通道空腔的流体通道中,同时将支持材料注入所述三通道空腔的相对的第一和第二侧向通道中,从而使从所述出口孔挤出的功能材料形成所述挤出结构的关联大高宽比的功能结构,并且从所述出口孔挤出的所述支持材料形成分别布置在所述关联功能结构相对侧上的关联第一和第二支持材料部分。
在本发明的方法中,其中所述第一片板限定了分别与所述三通道空腔的第一和第二侧向通道相连通的第一和第二进入端口,并且所述挤出头还包括第三片板,其具有与所述三通道空腔的中心通道连通的第三进入端口,并且
其中所述注入所述功能材料和支持材料还包括迫使所述功能材料通过所述第三进入端口进入所述中心通道之内,同时迫使所述支持材料分别通过所述第一和第二进入端口进入所述第一和第二侧向通道之内。
在本发明的方法中,其中所述第二片板进一步限定了进入开口,其布置在所述细长沟中,邻近于封闭端并完全延伸通过第二片板,并且
其中所述注入功能材料包括迫使所述功能材料通过所述第三进入端口和进入开口进入所述中心通道之中。
本发明还涉及一种用于生产挤出头的方法,所述挤出头用于微挤出设备,所述方法包含:
蚀刻第一片板从而在所述片板的表面限定细长的沟,所述细长的沟具有布置在所述片板侧边缘的开口端以及相对的封闭端,所述细长的沟通常具有半圆柱表面;
蚀刻第二片板,从而使所述第二片板包括完全通过第二片板的进入端口;并且
将所述第一片板与第二片板结合,从而使所述进入端口与所述细长沟的封闭端对准,并因此所述第二片板的平坦表面部分的位置为在所述进入端口与所述侧边缘之间并与所述细长沟相对,由此所述细长的沟与所述第二片板的平坦部分形成流体通道,其在所述进入端口与位于所述侧边缘的出口孔之间延伸,其中所述出口孔具有由所述第二片板的侧边缘形成的平坦边缘,以及由所述细长沟的端部形成的倾斜边缘。
在本发明所述的生产挤出头的方法中,蚀刻所述第一片板包含光化学加工、脉冲激光加工、深度活性离子蚀刻、放电加工以及各向异性刻蚀。
在本发明所述的生产挤出头的方法中,中蚀刻第一片板包括形成三个细长的沟包括一个中心沟以及相对的第一和第二侧向沟,其中所述中心沟以及第一和第二侧向沟各自从所述侧边缘延伸至关联的相对封闭端。
在本发明所述的生产挤出头的方法中,中蚀刻第二片板包括形成第一和第二进入端口,其被布置从而使所述第一进入端口与所述第一侧向沟的封闭端对准,并且所述第二进入端口与所述第二侧向沟在所述结合之后的封闭端对准。
在本发明所述的生产挤出头的方法中,蚀刻所述第二片板还包括形成布置在所述中心细长沟中的进入开口,其邻近于封闭端并完全延伸通过第二片板,并且
其中所述方法还包括蚀刻第三片板,从而使所述第三片板包括完全通过所述第二片板的第三进入端口,并且
其中将所述第一片板与第二片板结合还包括将所述第三片板与所述第一片板的第二面结合,从而使所述第三进入端口与所述进入开口对准。
附图说明
图1是组合透视图,其显示了根据本发明的实施方案的微挤出系统的共-挤出头的一部分;
图2是显示图1的共挤出头部分的开放透视图;
图3是显示微挤出设备的透视图,所述挤出设备包括图1的共挤出头,其用于在基材上同时施加两种或更多种材料;
图4(A)和4(B)是显示在图1的共挤出头中限定的三通道空腔的横截面图;
图5是显示一种示例性的共挤出网格(gridline)结构的横截面图,所述风格结构是由图4(B)的共挤出头在基材表面上产生的;
图6是显示一个片板的横截面图,所述片板包括用于形成根据本发明的实施方案的沟的第一掩模;
图7是显示用于使用图6所示的第一掩模形成沟的蚀刻工艺的横截面图;
图8是显示用于形成进入开口的第二掩模和第二蚀刻工艺的横截面图,所述进入开口进入图7所示的片板的中心沟之内;
图9是显示包括在图8中形成的片板的挤出头一部分的横截面图;
图10说明了包括按照本发明形成的网格的光电池;
图11是显示常规微挤出头一部分的透视图;
图12(A)和12(B)是显示由图11所示的常规挤出头所形成的挤出结构的简化截面图;以及
图13是显示一种示例性的等离子体显示板的一部分的横截面图。
具体实施方式
图1说明了挤出头130的一部分,其构成了微挤出设备100的一部分,用于根据本发明所述的实施方案在基材101上生产具有平衡形状的挤出结构120。挤出头130被可操作地连接到一个或多个挤出材料源(未显示),从而所述材料被从限定在挤出头130的侧边缘139的出口孔135挤出,并以期望的平衡形状被沉积到基材101的上表面102上,所述平衡形状在挤出之后抵抗下陷。
图2是显示挤出头130的补充细节的开放透视图。根据本发明的一个实施方案,挤出头130由多个片板(基材或板)210、220和230构成,在一个实施方案中,使用已知的高压片连接技术将所述片板相结合,以形成如图1中所示的基本上为固体的的块状结构。在一个实施方案中,片板210、220和230是厚度大约为0.15mm的金属板。各个片板具有相对的侧面和基本上直的侧向边缘——片板210具有相对的第一和第二表面211-1和211-2以及侧向边缘219,片板220具有相对的表面221-1和221-2以及侧边缘229,并且片板230具有相对的表面231-1和231-2以及侧向边缘239。片板210、220、和230是结合的,从而片板230被夹在片板210和220之间,而片板230被装配在片板220上面,从而使表面231-1面向表面2212,并且片板210被装配在片板230上面,从而使(第一)表面211-1面向(第二)表面231-2。片板210、220和230被组装或加工(例如,通过分割、磨碎或研磨中的一个或多个)从而使侧向边缘219、229和239对准以形成挤出头130的边缘表面139,如图1所示。一种用于制造头130的方法被描述于共同拥有及共同未决的美国专利申请No.xx/xxx,xxx,题目为“EXTRUSIONHEAD WITH PLANARIZED EDGE SURFACE”[Atty Docket No.20060464Q-US-NP(XCP-074)]中,其在此被全部引入作为参考。
再次参考图2,根据本发明的一个方面,板230被蚀刻或否则被制造以包括被限定在表面232-2中的细长沟232、233及234中的至少一个,并且所述细长沟从位于邻近于侧向边缘239的开口端(凹口)235延伸至远离侧向边缘239的封闭端。每个沟232、233和234具有以如下所述的方式形成凹入的倾斜(例如,通常为半圆柱形或锥形)表面。特别地,沟232包括倾斜表面231-22,沟233包括倾斜表面231-23,并且沟234包括倾斜表面231-24。当片板230随后被结合到片板210时,第二表面232-2的平面部分231-21与片板210的第一表面211-1邻接,并且沟232、233和234各自与表面211-1的相对的平坦部分211-12、211-13和211-14分别结合,以形成通常半圆柱形的流体通道(例如,流体通道132、133、134,如图1所示),各个流体通道与相关的出口孔135相连通。
根据本发明的另一个方面,出口孔135包括由位于片板210的侧向边缘219上的平面部分211-1所限定的直边缘136,以及由位于板230的侧向边缘239上的倾斜表面232-22、232-23和/或232-24的端部分所限定的倾斜第二边缘137。以如下所述的方式,倾斜边缘137有利于所述具有平衡形状挤出结构的生产。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,沟232、233和234以箭头形状的图案排列,从而当挤出头130被组装时,流体通道130-1被形成为三通道空腔,其具有位于相对的(第一和第二)侧向通道133和134之间的中心通道132,所述三个通道全部与出口端口135相连通。特别地,中心沟232与侧沟233和234在它们的各自的闭合端通过锥形指状平坦部分232-211和232-212分别分离,并且沟232通过末端平坦部分232-313被闭合,从而当片板210和230结合时形成中心通道132。类似地,侧沟233和234通过片板210对应的环绕的平坦部分而被闭合以形成相对的侧向通道133和134。侧向通道133和134倾斜朝向中心通道132,并且在邻近于凹口235的点汇合,其与片板210相配合以形成出口孔135。虽然所述公开的实施方案描述了三个互通的沟/通道,其以箭头形状排列,但本发明的方面适用于许多沟/通道(例如,与出口孔135连通的单沟/通道)。
再次参考图1,根据本发明的另一个方面,挤出头130相对于基材101移动(例如,朝箭头A的方向)同时一种或多种挤出材料(未显示)被强迫通过流体通道132、133和134,从而使所述材料从出口孔135被挤出,并在基材101上形成相关联的挤出结构120。用于产生在基材101与挤出头130之间所需相对运动的机构是众所周知的。使用已知的技术迫使所述挤出材料通过位于邻近每个流体通道132、133和134闭合端的进口。参照图2,所述用于与所述流体通道连通的进入端口是蚀刻的,否则是在各种各样片板中形成的。特别地,片板210限定了进入端口(例如,通孔、狭槽或通道)213和214,其分别与所述沟233和234的闭合端对准,并且片板220限定了进入端口222-1,其与中心沟232对准。进入开口222-2被形成于中心沟232的内部,其延伸通过片板230的薄的其余的壁,并且当片板210和230相连时其与进入端口222-1对准。例如使用微细加工技术(例如,光化学加工、脉冲激光加工、深度的活性离子蚀刻、放电加工或各向异性刻蚀)来形成进入端口213、214、222-1和222-2。
根据本发明的另一个方面,由于所述流体通道132、133和134以及出口孔135的形状,挤出结构120(如图1所示)在刚一挤出时就具有平衡的形状,因此避免了与常规的微挤压技术有关的沉降问题。特别地,挤出结构120具有平坦的下表面126(即,所述表面与基材101的上表面102接触),其由出口孔135的平坦边缘136形成,以及弯曲或锥形的上表面127,其由所述出口孔135的倾斜边缘137形成并且背向(face away)基材101。由常规微挤出技术产生的矩形形状的初始挤出结构20A(图12(A))会遭受下陷,挤出结构120以接近于结构平衡的形状被挤出,从而抵抗了下陷并且促进了具有相对均匀和确实一致的高度及宽度的挤出结构的生产。
除图1中所描述的叠合金属层排列之外,挤出头130可以以各种方式来被生产。例如,可以通过在抵抗结构上电铸成型金属来形成圆形物通道,所述抵抗结构已经在它们的玻璃态转化温度之上进行了重熔(reflow)。还可以使用用于产生锥形侧壁的已知技术,通过在抵抗结构上电铸成型金属来形成锥形通道。在另一个实施方案中,可以通过将蚀刻的薄板金属层铜焊在一起来生产根据本发明所形成的挤出头。成为另一情况下,通过光可定义的(photo-definable)聚合物如SU8来产生结构,所述挤出头可以被生产。在另一情况中,可以使用常规的制造工艺对金属和/或塑料来加工或模塑所述挤出头。
图3说明了根据本发明另一个实施方案的微挤出设备100A。设备100A包括具有固定设置在其上的一个或多个共挤出头130-1及130-2的挤出装置110,每个共挤出头130-1和130-2与如上所述的挤出头130相一致。在本实施方案中,挤出装置110与含有支持材料112的第一源111以及含有功能(“网格(gridline)”)材料115的辅助源114相连接。挤出头130-1和130-2被可操作地与源111和114连接,从而头130-1及130-2同时施加支持材料112和网格材料115到基材101的上表面102上。通过推和/或拉的技术(例如,热的和冷的)施加所述材料,其中所述材料被推(例如,挤压等)和/或拉(例如,借助于真空等)过挤出装置110和/或共挤出头130-1和130-2,以及分别限定在共挤出头130-1和130-2下部的通风口孔135。
在一个实施方案中,共挤出头130-1与130-2由挤出装置110所保持,从而它们的相应的出口孔平行并分别间隔地排列。特别地,所述共挤出头130-1(例如,出口孔135-11与135-12)的(第一)出口孔在第一方向X1上延伸,并且所述第二共挤出头130-2(例如,出口孔135-21和135-22)的(第二)出口孔限定了与第一线X1与分离且平行的第二线X2。如共同未决的美国专利申请No.xx/xxx,xxx(题目为“CLOSELY SPACED,HIGH-ASPECT EXTRUDED GRIDLINES”[AttyDocket No.20060464-US-NP(XCP-072)],其被全部引用以作为参考)中所述,设备100A包括用于在垂直于所述出口孔对准的方向上移动挤出装置110(并且因此,共挤出头130-1和130-2)的机构(未显示),并且网格材料115和支持材料112以产生在基材101上平行细长的挤出结构120A的方式被共同挤出通过出口孔135,从而所述网格材料的每个结构120A形成大高宽比的网格结构125,并且所述支持材料的每个结构120A形成相关联的第一和第二支持材料部分122,其分别布置在所述关联大高宽比网格125的相对侧面上。通过成型出口孔135和流体通道内部头130-1和130-2、所述材料的特征(例如,粘度等)、以及挤出技术(例如,流速、压力、温度等)来控制所述挤出结构120A的形状(即,网格125的高宽比以及支持部分122的形状),以获得如上所述的以及将要在下面补充描述的的平衡形状。在所述头130-1和130-2之内的结构以及所述出口孔135的形状与如上面图1和2所述的内容相一致。适合的网格材料115包括但不局限于银、铜、镍、锡、铝、钢、氧化铝、硅酸盐、玻璃、炭黑、聚合物和蜡,并且适合的支持材料112包括塑料、陶瓷、油、纤维素、乳液、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯等,其结合和/或其变体,包括将以上物质与其它物质结合以获得期望的密度、粘度、纹理、颜色等。所述共挤出头130-1和130-2的出口孔被交错布置以同时产生紧密间隔的挤出结构120A,因此便于生产在基材101上形成的大高宽比网格125,而使用通常的方法这是不可能得到的。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,单个头可被用来生产间隔相对远的挤出结构120A。
为了限制所述材料在挤出之后交杂的趋势,离开挤出头130-1和130-2的挤出结构120A可以在基材101上被急冷,通过使用例如,急冷构件170来冷却所述基材。或者,用于本申请的墨水/浆料可以是热的熔融物料,其在环境温度下固化,而在这样情况下所述打印头130-1和130-2是被加热的,使得所述挤出结构120A一旦被分配到所述基材101上就被固化。在另一种技术中,所述材料可以在刚一离开挤出头130-1和130-2后通过热、光学和/或其它手段来被固化。例如,可以提供固化构件180以用热和/或光学的方法来固化所述材料。如果一个材料或两个材料都包括紫外固化剂,所述材料可以一起(be boundup)进入固态形式,以进行进一步的处理而不发生混合。
图4(A)显示了共挤出头130-1的一部分,包括在金属网格产生之前定位在基材101上的流体通道130-11。在所述挤出工艺期间,共挤出头130-1在基材101的上表面102之上维持基本上固定的距离D(即,当共挤出头130-1相对于基材101以如上所述的方式移动时)。在所述头130-1和基材101之间的距离D可以基于各种因素,如所述头130-1的分配末端相对于上表面102的角度(例如,从平行到垂直的),以增加转换效率、实体限定(例如,宽度、高度、长度、直径等),实体特征(例如,强度、柔韧性等)等。请注意距离D必须大于或等于挤出结构120-11的高度H(如图5所示),以便于图3中所示的挤出头交错排列。
图4(B)显示了共挤出头130-1在所述共挤出工艺开始时相同的部分。如白色箭头所指示的,材料115通过所述第一进入端口222-1和222-2(见图2)被强迫注入所述中心通道132的封闭端之内,并且同时支持材料112分别通过进入端口213和214被强迫注入侧通道133和134内。如图4中黑色箭头所指示,所述注入材料沿着它们相应的通道向下移动。所述网格和支持材料被锥形形状的通道132、133和134压缩。当所述材料趋近出口孔135-11时,通过沿着侧向通道133和134流动的支持材料汇聚,所述网格材料被进一步地压缩。然后,所述被压缩的流从出口孔135-11挤出,并且作为挤出的结构120A-11(如图5所示)被沉积在基材101上。通过选择适当的材料和粘度,通过适当地锥变所述通道、和/或通过维持层流条件,在所述网格和支持材料之间的交杂被最小化。
图5是显示根据图4(B)所述共挤出工艺生产的示例性的挤出结构120A-11的截面图。挤出结构120A-11包括布置在支持材料部分122-1和122-2之间的网格125-11。由于通过三分支流体通道130-11(图4(A)和4(B))产生的沟形状和强迫汇聚,导致出口孔135-11、挤出结构120A-11相比通过常规方法形成的网格显示出优越性。也就是说,除具有表示如上所述平衡形状特征的平坦下表面126和弯曲或锥形上表面127之外,挤出头130-1促进了一次性(in a singlepass)具有2∶1或更大的高宽比(高度H比宽度W)的网格125-11的形成。网格125-11的宽度W可以被制造成比挤出头130-11的最小的设计特征更小(更细)。由于平衡的形状,支持材料部分122-1和122-2确实地保持所述网格125-11的高长宽比形状,只要在后续加工如干燥、固化、和/或焙烧之前或之中有需要。然后除去所述支持部分,如图5的右侧所示,因此提供具有期望的高度H和宽度W的大高宽比网格125-11。支持材料部分122-1和122-2进一步的优越性是所述加入材料导致了总体更大的出口孔135-11,由此在给定物资流通速度下具有更低的压降。因此能实现更高的处理速度。此外,可以操作所述压缩流以形成具有渐缩断面(例如,在基材表面102上具有相对宽的基础,并具有相对狭窄的上端,以及相对于表面102以某一角度从所述基础端到所述上端延伸的锥形侧)金属网格125-11。该锥形的形状有助于引导光子进入基材101之内,并且减少由网格所引起的光子阻挡(遮光),其可以改善电能的效率和/或产生。
图6和7是说明在根据本发明的另一个实施方案的片板230中细长沟232、233和234的形成的截面图。如图6所示,掩模810在片板230的表面上形成图案,从而使窗815暴露片板230的细长区域,对应于所述期望的细长的沟。然后,蚀刻剂820被施加到掩模810上,从而使蚀刻剂820进入窗815,并各向同性地蚀刻片板820,从而形成所述期望的倾斜沟232、233和234(图7)。在一个实施方案中,片板230是厚度0.010英寸的316L不锈钢,并且蚀刻剂820是氯化铁,其通过宽度0.002英寸的窗815而被施加。所述蚀刻工艺的各种变体可被用来改变所述细长沟的弯曲或锥形形状,如使用激光烧灼(abalation)代替化学蚀刻,或在所述加工处理之后对所述结构进行电镀。
如图8所示,在表面231-1上图案化第二掩模830,并且第二蚀刻剂840被用于形成进入开口222-2(图2)。优选使用双面的掩模对准器来施加该图案。所述第二蚀刻步骤可以与第一蚀刻步骤同时或顺序进行。
图9描述了完全组合的挤出头130部分,包括布置在片板230的相对表面上的第一片板210和第二片板220。请注意片板220包括开口222-1(如上所述),其与进入开口222-2对准以便于网格材料注入中心通道132之中。类似地,片板210包括开口213和214(如上所述),其便于网格材料分别注入到侧向通道133和134之中。
图10说明光电电池300,如太阳能电池的一个示例性的部分,其具有通过根据本发明的实施方案的共挤出头130产生的高纵横比金属网格125。光电电池300包括具有p-型区域306和n-型区域308的半导体基材301。区域306和308的一个或两个由半导体材料例如砷化铝、砷化镓铝、氮化硼、硫化镉硒化镉、硒化铜铟镓、钻石、砷化镓、氮化镓、锗、磷化铟、硅、碳化硅、硅锗、在绝缘体上的硅、硫化锌、硒化锌等形成。在基材301的下表面302(即,在p-型区域306的下端)上形成下触点310。在基材301的上表面304(即,在n-型区308的下端)形成金属网格125和一个或多个母线(bus bar)320。可以使用金属浆料如银基浆料或铝基浆料形成触点310和母线320。
光电电池300可以与其它光电电池(未显示)相互串联和/或并联连接,例如,通过扁平线或金属带状物,并组装到电池组或电池板之中,在图中被示为负载340。可以在所述网格125上层叠钢化玻璃片板(未显示),和/或在触点310上形成聚合物包封(未显示)。上表面304可以包括纹理化表面和/或涂覆以抗反射材料(例如,氮化硅、二氧化钛等),以增加电池所吸收的光量。
在操作期间,当光子350(由宽箭头表示)通过上表面304被引导到基材301时,它们的能量激发了其中的电子-空穴对,所述电子和空穴随后自由地移动。特别地,光子的吸收产生了通过所述p-n结的电流(表示为+和-电荷的迁移)。当在n型区308的激发电子穿过网格125、母线320以及通向外部负载340的电极,并通过底电极和触点310返回p-型区306时,电流被产生。
举例来说,一个具有表1所述估计参数的共挤出头可用于材料的分配,以在结晶硅太阳能电池上制造网格125。
表1. 用于产生网格的示例性挤出头参数
片板厚度 | 152microns |
网格间距 | 2.5mm |
挤出头速度 | 1cm/sec |
过程粘度 | 100,000 Cp |
挤出头角度 | 45 degrees |
挤出头离去宽度 | 304.8Microns |
银的宽度 | 49.2microns |
银线交叉部分 | 7,500microns^2 |
银线高宽比 | 3.10∶1 |
银流动 | 0.075mm^3/sec |
挤出头压缩 | 6.2∶1 |
挤出头压降 | 2.24atm |
在该设计中,收缩会聚的通道被构图为大约0.15mm厚度的材料片板。所述头/喷嘴的出口孔以2.5mm的节距被重复。在大约2.24个大气压的头/喷嘴压力下,以1厘米/秒的速度喷射1000泊的浆料。银的中心条为大约50微米宽并具有3∶1的高宽比。
尽管已经根据某些具体的实施方案对本发明做了描述,对于本领域技术人员来说清楚的是,本发明的创造性特征也适用于其它实施方案,并且因此所有此类实施方案都属于本发明的范围。例如,除具有横向变化的条状材料之外,挤出头130的变体可被用来另外和/或替换地引入具有垂直变化的材料,例如,用于阻挡层引入到所述基材上。这样的垂直变化可以通过形成将异质材料在所述多支管内(除了在水平方向会合之外,进一步地)在垂直方向上会合到一起的通道而被实施。例如,在太阳能电池应用中,可以有利地将双金属层引入到所述电池表面上,使其中一种金属与作为扩散屏障的硅相接触,并且在上面的第二金属被选择具有更低的成本或者更高的传导性。进一步地,除金属网格之外,可以使用在此处所描述的方法和结构来产生由非导电材料形成的网格,如使用无机玻璃,例如,来生产图13所示的屏障加强结构。
此外,虽然如实例中所提供的,侧向和中心通道是从所述挤出设备的相对面进料的,显然其具有必要的变体,使所述侧向和中心通道还可以从共同的方面进料,使得挤出材料以切线角置于所述基材成为可能。
Claims (3)
1.一种微挤出设备,其用于生产在基材上具有平衡形状的挤出结构,所述微挤出设备包含:
挤出头,包括:
第一片板,其具有第一表面和第一侧边;
第二片板,其具有第二表面和第二侧边,
其中所述第二片板被设置在所述第一片板上,从而使所述第二表面的平面部分与所述第一表面相邻接,并且所述第二侧边与所述第一侧边对准,这样所述第一和第二侧边形成所述挤出头的边缘表面,并且其中所述第二片板的第二表面限定了从第二侧边延伸并具有凹陷的倾斜表面的细长沟,从而形成具有出口孔的流体通道,其包括由第一片板限定的直的第一边缘和由所述细长沟限定的倾斜的第二边缘;并且
用于使所述挤出头相对于基材移动的装置,与此同时所述挤出头迫使材料通过所述流体通道,从而使材料从所述出口孔挤出,并在所述基材上形成关联的挤出结构,其中所述挤出结构具有平坦的下表面,其由所述孔的平坦第一边缘形成并与所述表面接触,以及上表面,其由所述出口孔的弯曲第二边缘形成并且背向所述基材。
2.一种用于在基材上形成具有平衡形状的挤出结构方法,所述方法包含:
邻近于基材表面来定位挤出头,从而使由所述挤出头限定的出口孔置于所述表面上,其中所述挤出头包含第一和第二片板,其间限定了与所述出口孔连通的流体通道,所述第一片板具有基本上平坦的表面,其限定了所述出口孔的平坦边缘,并且所述第二片板限定了细长的倾斜沟,其限定了所述出口孔的倾斜边缘;
相对于所述基材移动所述挤出头,同时迫使材料通过所述流体通道,从而使所述材料从所述出口孔挤出,并且在所述基材上形成关联挤出结构,
其中所述挤出头相对于所述基材被定位,从而由所述孔的平坦边缘形成所述挤出结构的平坦下表面,并与所述表面接触,以及由所述出口孔的倾斜边缘形成所述挤出结构的上表面,并且背向所述基材。
3.一种用于生产挤出头的方法,所述挤出头用于微挤出设备,所述方法包含:
蚀刻第一片板从而在所述片板的表面限定细长的沟,所述细长的沟具有布置在所述片板侧边缘的开口端以及相对的封闭端,所述细长的沟通常具有半圆柱表面;
蚀刻第二片板,从而使所述第二片板包括完全通过第二片板的进入端口;并且
将所述第一片板与第二片板结合,从而使所述进入端口与所述细长沟的封闭端对准,并因此所述第二片板的平坦表面部分的位置为在所述进入端口与所述侧边缘之间并与所述细长沟相对,由此所述细长的沟与所述第二片板的平坦部分形成流体通道,其在所述进入端口与位于所述侧边缘的出口孔之间延伸,其中所述出口孔具有由所述第二片板的侧边缘形成的平坦边缘,以及由所述细长沟的端部形成的倾斜边缘。
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- 2007-10-31 CN CNA2007101849862A patent/CN101219447A/zh active Pending
- 2007-10-31 EP EP07119720.6A patent/EP1920849B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-10-31 TW TW096140900A patent/TW200849630A/zh unknown
- 2007-11-01 KR KR1020070110799A patent/KR20080039817A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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2010
- 2010-11-22 US US12/952,124 patent/US8557689B2/en active Active
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110605174A (zh) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-12-24 | 臧月虎 | 一种用于纳米橡胶密封条的生产装置 |
CN110605174B (zh) * | 2019-08-15 | 2021-07-02 | 深圳市振晔橡胶制品有限公司 | 一种用于纳米橡胶密封条的生产装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7922471B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 |
US20080099953A1 (en) | 2008-05-01 |
JP2008155625A (ja) | 2008-07-10 |
EP1920849B1 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
US20110062622A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
EP1920849A3 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
EP1920849A2 (en) | 2008-05-14 |
US8557689B2 (en) | 2013-10-15 |
TW200849630A (en) | 2008-12-16 |
KR20080039817A (ko) | 2008-05-07 |
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