CN1012049B - 处理粘性材料的设备和方法 - Google Patents

处理粘性材料的设备和方法

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CN1012049B
CN1012049B CN87101584A CN87101584A CN1012049B CN 1012049 B CN1012049 B CN 1012049B CN 87101584 A CN87101584 A CN 87101584A CN 87101584 A CN87101584 A CN 87101584A CN 1012049 B CN1012049 B CN 1012049B
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shunting
equipment
blender
modifier
feeding device
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CN87101584A (zh
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约翰·乔治·阿诺德·洛夫格罗夫
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Francis Shaw and Co Manchester Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/695—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates
    • B29C48/70—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows
    • B29C48/705—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows in the die zone, e.g. to create flow homogeneity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/06—Rod-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/154—Coating solid articles, i.e. non-hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/19—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their edges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
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    • B29C48/20—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers one of the layers being a strip, e.g. a partially embedded strip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/288—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
    • B29C48/2883—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules of preformed parts, e.g. inserts fed and transported generally uninfluenced through the extruder or inserts fed directly to the die
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
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    • B29C48/335—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

要上色的材料从挤压机(1)供给正排量装置，例如齿轮泵(2)。其输出至少分成两条分流，其中一条分流供给混合器(3)，最好是一个空穴式传送混合器。在混合器以前或在混合器内将颜料注入一条分流，两条分流在混合器的出口处，最好在模头内重新汇合。这个装置提供了可靠色彩，而又有很强的生产适应性。

Description

本发明同处理粘性材料，例如处理塑料和橡胶的设备有关。
一种颇受重视的处理是上色。在许多成形工序中，将聚合材料，例如塑料化合物和橡胶化合物加进一台机器，例如挤压机，挤压机把所加的材料熔化并使它强制通过挤压模以便生产细长的产品。虽然最终的产品可能需要上色，使用未混有必要的上色剂的原材料，而在材料传到挤压模之前再加入那些上色剂是有很多优点的。可望获得的一个潜在的益处是可以从一种颜色迅速的转变到另一种颜色。第二个可能的益处是可以只在挤压成型产品的表面或特定范围内上色。第三个可能的益处可以只从单一的熔化聚合物源生产出带有不同色彩的多种挤压成型产品。这些特点能够导致提高生产效率，降低制成本和可以应用新的制造技术。
通常使用的上色剂是小颗粒状的固体颜料，添加这些颜料的一种方便的方法是将固体颜色离散在一种与被加工的聚合材料能相溶的流体载体中。然后将液状离散物与基体聚合化合物一起灌注入一个适当的装置，这个装置稍微进行混和以使基体聚合化合物实现上色，而流体载体就混合在基体聚合物中。
按照这些线索已经做过一些实现上色的尝试，但所得到的结果并不令人满意，除非将颜料和至少一部分聚合物溶流达到充分的混合。典型的问题是由出现在外表面的过量的流体载体所引起的，这使得外表面过软或过粘。颜色分布的缺陷也会使得挤压成型产品的外貌呈条纹状。而且就用于电缆绝缘而言，颜料的局部聚集会导致低劣的机械性能和电学性能。
本发明的一个实施例的目的是提供一种装置，因而可将所加入的液状颜料与挤压成型产品的所需部分达到充分混合，以克服上述诸问题。此实施例的另一个特点为颜料添加设备是和一个正排量装置（例如齿轮泵）一起使用的，这一装置是用来协助产生实行颜料混合操作所必需的额外压力，并使产品的横截面上的均匀性得到改善。正排量装置应用于由同一熔化聚合物源所供应多个挤压料流中的第一个，也使得这些挤压料流大小相等，或保持一种选定的相对尺寸关系。这样，本发明能用来生产带有不同色彩或其它附加特点的多种挤压产品。
根据本发明的一个方面，所提供的处理粘性物料的设备包括一正排量加料装置，一将通过进料装置的物料分成至少两个分流的装置，一将物料改性剂掺入至少一个分流的混合器和一使分流重新汇合的装置。
根据本发明的另一个方面，所提供的改进粘性材料的方法包括将物料加到正排量加料装置，将流动物料分成至少两条分流，将改性剂混入至少一条分流以及最终将支流重新汇合等步骤，使得生产出由相邻的改性层和未经改性层构成的复合材料。
在本发明一个较佳的实施例中，正排量装置可以包括一个齿轮泵。这个装置可由挤压机供料。分流装置可以包括分岔通道，选择其分支的尺寸使得两条分流能满足所需要的流量。若一条分流比另一条遭受到更大的阻力，可在低阻力分支内设置一个限流装置，以提高阻力分支的流量。混合器可以是空穴式传送混合器（一种这样的混合器在欧洲专利No0048590中已有描述。）而改性剂可以是一种颜料。作为另一种选择，也可使用其它能令人的满意地将颜料混入聚合化合物的静电或机械混合器。重新汇流装置可以是一个多层模头，这可以起到将经过改性的物质全部保持在未经改性物质外部的作用。例如，经过改性的材料可以整个围绕未经改性的材料，或者，经过改性的材料可以条纹状处在材料的表面，或者处在其它分立区域。分流装置可以包括同一加料装置相邻部分之间的隔板或相邻的不同加料装置之间的隔板。
作为另一种选择，经过改性和未经改性的熔体分流可用一种特殊的方式。在进入模头之前重新汇合，以便使它们流过挤压模后，在出口处，使熔体流形成所要求的形状。
一个单个的挤压机可以供应给若干个加料装置，每个加料装置与各自的分流，混合以及汇流装置协同工作。一单个加料装置可以供应给多于一个混合器，在这种情况下，要安装交流器以提供恰当的附加分流。在加料装置和混合器之间适当的分流中输入改性剂是很有利的。在颜料的情况下，是用颜料注入器引入的。在汇流装置形成导线绝缘层的成形模头时，这就允许绝缘层形成两层同心圆环， 里面未经改性，而外层经过改性。
为了能更清楚地了解本发明，参照附图，通过例子来说明两个实施例，其中：
图1表示设备的一个侧视图。
图2表示图1中设备的一个局部横截面图。
图3表示通过形成图1设备的一部分的挤压模头的横截面图。
图4和图5是使用图1和图2的设备所能制造的导线的横截面图。
图6表示对于图1设备另一个可选择的设备的侧视图。
参考图1至图5，该设备包括一个挤压机1，一个齿轮泵2，一个空穴式传送混合器3和一模头4。挤压机1把橡胶或塑料原料供给齿轮泵2，由于它是一个正排量装置，齿轮泵2用来计量流过设备的物料。在齿轮泵2出口处，齿轮泵2的流出物分成两股限制在两个通道7和8内的分流5和6，通道7和8是由配置在泵2和另一个块体10之间的块体9所限定的，这另一个块体10装有空穴式传送混合器3并且限定通道11，通道11构成通道7的延伸。通道8穿过块体10和空穴式传送混合器的定子12与混合器转子13的凹处14相通。
为了提高流过较小横截面的通道8的流量，必要时，在较大横截面的通道7中形成一个限流部分15，利用伸入通道的颜料注射器16，将颜料和其它改性剂注入流过通道8的物料。这种颜料在混合器3中和材料彻底混合，上色后的物料从混合器排出到模头4。同时未上色或未改性的物料直接通过通道11到模头4。
图1中的以横截面图表示了模头4，待涂敷的导线20垂直地穿入或穿出纸面。另外参考图3，经过上色和未经上色的物料流6和5在标号为30和31的不同点分别输入模头（它包括挤压模24）中。未经上色的物料首先围绕导线（标号为20）成形，而经过上色的材料围绕未经上色的材料成形。图5表示得出的导线的横截面图，21为未经上色材料22为经过上色材料。必要时可以产生不同的效果。例如，让上色材料在未经上色材料的不连续区延伸就可以产生出经过上色和未经上色材料的条纹效果。图4表示穿过这种作法得出的导线的横截面图。
上述实施例使得能经济地生产绝缘性能良好的彩色绝缘导线。而且，和以前的上色设备相比，这种装置内留有较少的颜料，就可允许较快地变换颜色。
虽然在上述实施例中，颜料输入导向混合器的通道8，实际上，更适合于把颜料一直输入到混合器本身的定子12。附图6表示这样的一种装置，其中的颜料注入器用40注明。这种装置可以导致减少透过混合器密封垫的颜料损耗。
要意识到以上的实施例只作为例子来描述，而且，在不脱离本发明的范围下还可有许多变化。例如，若于条由一个泵、混合器和横头组成的生产线可以用单个挤压机设备进料。以使得能同时对数条导线独立上色。而且，一个单一的齿轮泵可供料给多于一个混合器，在这种情况下，一根导线可以涂上两种以上不同的颜色。另外，从挤压机出来的流动材料可以由泵本身分离开，或者可由并排排列的中间隔开的不同的传动泵分开，或者可由一个内有隔板的齿轮泵分开。就不同的齿轮泵或者一个分隔的传动泵而言，一个一定比例的熔流被强制流过混合器。而且在这样一套设备中，可以在入口或入口以前，把上色挤或其它添加剂注入到适当的传动泵或传动泵组，因此减少了附加泵所要求的最大压力。

Claims (27)

1、处理粘性材料的设备，其特征在于：一个正排量加料装置(2)，一个用来把通过加料装置的材料至少分成两条分流(5和6)的装置(7，8和9)，一个用来将一种材料改性剂混入至少一条分流的混合器(3)，和一个用来将分流重新汇合的装置(4)。
2、根据权利要求1的设备，其特征在于：正排量加料装置包括一个齿轮泵（2）。
3、根据权利要求1或2的设备，其特征在于：由一个挤压机（1）向正排量加料装置（2）加料。
4、根据权利要求1或2的设备，其特征在于：分流装置包括分岔通道（7和8），其支路的尺寸选成能提供给对应的分流以所需要的流量。
5、根据权利要求3的设备，其特征在于：分流装置包括分岔通道（7和8），其支路的尺寸选成能提供给对应的分流以所需要的流量。
6、根据权利要求1或2的设备，其特征在于：装置（16）是一在混合器前把改性剂输入一条分流的装置。
7、根据权利要求3的设备，其特征在于：装置（16）是一在混合器前把改性剂输入一条分流的装置。
8、根据权利要求4的设备，其特征在于：装置（16）是一在混合器前把改性剂输入一条分流的装置。
9、根据权利要求5的设备，其特征在于：装置（16）是一在混合器前把改性剂输入一条分流的装置。
10、根据权利要求1的设备，其特征在于：装置（40）是一在混合器处把改性剂输入一条分流的装置。
11、根据权利要求1的设备，其特征在于：通道（7）中为一条分流（5）而设置的限流部分（15），促使另一条分流或其他一条分流（6）中的流动。
12、根据权利要求1的设备，其特征在于：混合器是一个空穴式传送混合器（3）。
13、根据权利要求1的设备，其特征在于：用来重新汇流的装置是一个多层模头（4），用以将改性材料全部保持在未经改性的材料的外部。
14、根据权利要求3的设备，其特征在于：分流装置包括同一加料装置（2）相邻部件之间的隔板。
15、根据权利要求3的设备，其特征在于：分流装置包括不同的相邻的加料装置（2）之间的隔板。
16、根据权利要求1的设备，其特征在于：由单个挤压器（1）供应给若干个加料装置（2），每个加料装置（2）同各自的分流、混合和重新汇合装置（7，8，3，4）相连。
17、根据权利要求1的设备，其特征在于：加料装置（2）给多于一个混合器（3）加料;分流装置被操作以提供相对应数目的附加分流。
18、一种改良粘性材料的方法，其特征在于：该方法包括以下步骤：供料给正排量加料装置，把材料流分成至少两条分流，将一种改性剂混入至少一条分流，和接着把分流汇合起来，以便生产出包含相邻的经过改性和未经改性区的复合材料。
19、根据权利要求18的方法，其特征在于：改性剂是一种颜料。
20、根据权利要求19的方法，其特征在于：颜料是用颜料注入器（16）注入的。
21、根据权利要求18、19或20的方法，其特征在于：借助于空穴式传送混合器（3）把改性剂混入至少一条分流（6）。
22、根据权利要求18、19或20的方法，其特征在于：在通过模头（4）以前，将经过改性和未经改性的分流（6，5）以一种理想的方式重新汇合，以使得重新汇合后的分流从模头（4）以一种比较理想的结构涌出。
23、根据权利要求22的方法，其特征在于：材料在模头（4）中重新汇合产生两个同心层（21，22），一层为改性层，另一层为未经改性层。
24、根据权利要求18的方法，其特征在于：从单个挤压机（1）将材料供到若干个正排量加料装置（2）。
25、根据权利要求18的方法，其特征在于：单个正排量加料装置（2）供应多于一个混合器（3）。
26、根据权利要求18的方法，其特征在于：将改性剂在混合器（3）以前输入一条分流（6）。
27、根据权利要求18的方法，其特征在于：将改性剂在混合器（3）中输入一条分流（6）。
CN87101584A 1986-02-25 1987-02-25 处理粘性材料的设备和方法 Expired CN1012049B (zh)

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ATE92397T1 (de) 1993-08-15
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CN87101584A (zh) 1987-09-09
BR8700895A (pt) 1987-12-22
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