CN101111967A - 具有含铵化合物电解质的锂二次电池 - Google Patents
具有含铵化合物电解质的锂二次电池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101111967A CN101111967A CNA2006800036505A CN200680003650A CN101111967A CN 101111967 A CN101111967 A CN 101111967A CN A2006800036505 A CNA2006800036505 A CN A2006800036505A CN 200680003650 A CN200680003650 A CN 200680003650A CN 101111967 A CN101111967 A CN 101111967A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- ammonium
- carbonate
- electrolyte
- lithium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KWIPUXXIFQQMKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-3-(4-cyanophenyl)propanoate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 KWIPUXXIFQQMKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940090948 ammonium benzoate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)O)=C1 XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003867 organic ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000000858 thiocyanato group Chemical group *SC#N 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCO1 WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001597008 Nomeidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005631 S-sulfonamido group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001149 cognitive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COC(C)OC SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFQPVBJOKYSPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-one Chemical compound CN1C=CN(C)C1=O CFQPVBJOKYSPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGYGFUAIIOPWQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-thiazolidine Chemical compound C1CSCN1 OGYGFUAIIOPWQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCCS1(=O)=O PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSEBUVRVKCANEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyrroline Chemical compound C1CC=CN1 RSEBUVRVKCANEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical group COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WRYCSMQKUKOKBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Imidazolidine Chemical compound C1CNCN1 WRYCSMQKUKOKBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012722 Li3N-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012716 Li3N-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012734 Li3N—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013043 Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013035 Li3PO4-Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012810 Li3PO4—Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012797 Li3PO4—Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012047 Li4SiO4-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012075 Li4SiO4-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012057 Li4SiO4—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012573 LiSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012346 LiSiO4-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012345 LiSiO4-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012348 LiSiO4—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000914 Metallic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical class C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous quinoline Natural products N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种锂二次电池,其使用含有含锂过渡金属氧化物的阴极及含有石墨化碳的阳极,其特征在于将能提供铵离子的铵化合物添加入非水电解质中。因此,本发明提供一种经由添加该铵化合物,以减少电池由于高温贮存所造成的剩余容量及恢复容量的降低,从而具有改良的高温性能的锂二次电池。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有含铵化合物电解质的锂二次电池。更具体而言,本发明涉及经由在使用含有含锂过渡金属氧化物的阴极及含有石墨化碳的阳极的锂二次电池中,将能提供铵离子的铵化合物添加至非水电解质中,以使高温贮存后的剩余容量及恢复容量增加,而具有改良的高温性能的锂二次电池。
背景技术
由于科技发展及对于移动设备的需求增加,导致对于作为能源的二次电池的需求急剧增加。在这些二次电池中,大量的研究及调查聚焦于具有相当高能量密度及放电电压的锂二次电池,因而这些锂二次电池已被商业化及广泛使用。
锂二次电池使用金属氧化物如LiCoO2作为阴极活性材料,以碳质材料作为阳极活性材料,并且通过在阳极与阴极之间配置多孔聚合物隔板、及添加含有锂盐如LiPF6的非水电解质而制备。充电时,锂离子自阴极活性材料释出并迁移进入阳极的碳层。相反地,放电时,锂离子自碳层释出并迁移至阴极活性材料。在此,非水电解质作为锂离子在阴极与阳极之间迁移的介质。这样的锂二次电池在电池的工作电压范围中必须基本上稳定,并且必须具有以足够快的速率传递离子的能力。
当该非水电解质只使用具有高极性从而能充分解离出锂离子的环状碳酸酯作为成分时,可能造成与电解质粘度增加、离子传导性因而降低等相关的问题。
所以,美国专利第5,521,027号及第5,525,443号公开了具有低极性但是低粘度的直链碳酸酯的混合电解质,从而降低了粘度。直链碳酸酯的代表性例子可包括碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)及碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)。其中,具有最低冰点-55℃的EMC在使用时发挥较优的低温性能及寿命。关于环状碳酸酯的例子,可列举碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸亚丙酯(PC)及碳酸亚丁酯(BC)。其中特别地,PC具有-49℃的较低冰点,因而能发挥良好的低温性能。但是,当使用具有大体积的石墨化碳作为阳极时,在充电过程中PC会与阳极剧烈地反应,因此难以使用大量的PC。基于该原因,主要是使用在阳极上形成稳定保护膜的EC。然而,EC并非完全地不具反应性,所以在电池充电或放电期间于阳极及阴极上发生的电解质分解成为造成电池寿命缩短的许多原因之一,特别地EC在高温下反应性增加,因而造成问题。
为了克服这些问题并增加电池在室温及高温下的寿命,日本专利公开公报第2000-123867号公开了一种电池,其中将少量具有环状分子结构且环内具C=C不饱和键的酯类化合物(如碳酸亚乙烯酯)加入电解质中。据信这些添加的化合物在阳极或阴极分解,随后于电极的表面上形成膜,从而抑制电解质的分解。然而,这些添加剂仍无法完全防止电解质的分解。
此外,日本专利公开公报第2002-25611号公开了一种电池,其中将亚硫酸亚乙酯及碳酸亚乙烯酯加入电解质中;日本专利公开公报第2002-270230号公开了一种电池,其中将各种亚硫酸亚乙酯化合物加入电解质中。然而,上述现有技术所公开的添加剂已被证实无法达到期望程度的效果。再者,由于电池在高温下的性能越来越重要,因而迫切需求开发更有效的添加剂。
因此,本发明是为了解决上述问题及其他尚待解决的技术问题而提出。
经过大量广泛及深入的研究和实验解决了上述问题,本发明的发明人发现下述事实:在由含有含锂过渡金属氧化物的阴极、含有石墨化碳的阳极、多孔隔板及含有锂盐的电解质所组成的锂二次电池中,向电解质中加入可提供铵离子的铵化合物,可增加电池在高温贮存后的剩余容量及恢复容量,由此可以制备高温性能改善的锂二次电池。本发明是基于这些发现而完成。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,通过提供包含如下的锂二次电池可实现上述及其他目的:
阴极活性材料,其包括能进行可逆贮存及释放锂离子的含锂过渡金属氧化物;
阳极活性材料,其包括能进行可逆贮存及释放锂离子的石墨化碳;
多孔隔板;及
非水电解质,其含有(i)锂盐、(ii)电解质溶液及(iii)铵化合物。
该铵化合物可释放铵离子,该铵离子可除去存在于电解质中的金属离子如锰(Mn)离子,并在阳极上形成稳定的表面涂层,从而抑制金属离子的沉积。因此,可抑制由于金属离子沉积造成的额外电解质分解反应。依此种方式,向电解质中添加铵化合物可减少锂二次电池的高温循环特性的劣化,及减少该电池由高温贮存所造成的剩余容量及恢复容量的降低。
加入到该电解质中的铵化合物的优选实例可包括式(I)表示的含有羧基的铵化合物:
R1-CO2 -(NH4)+
其中,R1为任选被取代的烷基或任选被取代的芳基;以及
式(II)表示的卤化铵化合物:
A-(NH4)+
其中,A为卤素原子,如氟、氯、碘等。
式(I)及(II)的各个化合物可独立地单独使用或以任意组合使用。如果需要,可同时使用式(I)及(II)的两种化合物。
本文所用的术语“任选被取代”意指包含相应的取代基被一个或多个基团所取代的情况,且这些基团各自独立地选自如下:烷基、环烷基、烯基、环烯基、芳基、杂芳基、杂脂环基、羟基、烷氧基、芳氧基、巯基、烷硫基、芳硫基、氧代基、氰基、卤素、羰基、硫羰基、O-氨基甲酰基、N-氨基甲酰基、O-硫代氨基甲酰基、N-硫代氨基甲酰基、C-酰氨基、N-酰氨基、S-磺酰氨基、N-磺酰氨基、任选被取代的磺酰基、C-羧基、O-羧基、异氰酸根合基、硫代氰酸根合基、异硫代氰酸根合基、硝基、甲硅烷基、三卤代甲磺酰基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、吡啶基、吗啉基、呋喃基、噻唑烷、异唑、氧杂环丁烷基、二氧戊环、吡嗪基、噻吩基、氮杂环丙烷、唑烷、咪唑、链烷酸、链烷酸酯、氨基(包括单及二取代氨基)及其经保护的衍生物。合适情况下,这些取代基视情况也可任选地被取代。
本文所用的术语“烷基”意指脂肪族烃基。烷基部分可为“饱和烷基”,其表示未含有烯或炔部分。或者,烷基部分可为“不饱和烷基”,由此可含有至少一个烯或炔部分。术语“烯”部分意指其中至少二个碳原子形成至少一个碳-碳双键的基团。术语“炔”部分意指其中至少二个碳原子形成至少一个碳-碳三键的基团。烷基部分无论其为饱和或不饱和,均可为分枝、直链或环状。
烷基可含有1至20个碳原子。烷基也可具有含1至10个碳原子的中等链长。此外,烷基可为含有1至6个碳原子的低级烷基。例如,C1-C4烷基可选自烷基链中含有1至4个碳原子的烃基,亦即由甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基及叔丁基所组成的组。
典型的烷基表示一种烃基,其可被一个或多个各自独立地选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基及环己基的基团所取代。
本文中所使用的术语“芳基”意指具有至少一个含共轭π电子体系的环的芳族基,其包括碳环芳基(例如苯基)及杂环芳基(例如吡啶基)。该术语包括单环基或稠合多环基((亦即,共用相邻碳原子对的环)。
本文中使用的“杂芳基”意指包括至少一个杂环的芳基。
本文中使用的“杂环”意指其中环碳原子被氧、氮或硫取代的碳环基。杂环的例子包括但不限于呋喃、噻吩、吡咯、吡咯啉、吡咯烷、唑、噻唑、咪唑、咪唑啉、咪唑烷、吡唑、吡唑啉、吡唑烷、异噻唑、三唑、噻二唑、吡喃、吡啶、哌啶、吗啉、硫代吗啉、哒嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪、哌嗪及三嗪。
在本发明说明书全文中使用的术语,若未特定地以下标数字指明,取代基“R”意指选自烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基(经由环碳原子键合)及杂环基(经由环碳原子键合)的取代基。
“O-羧基”意指-RC(=O)O-基,其中R如本文所定义。
“C-羧基”意指-C(=O)OR基,其中R如本文所定义。
“乙酰基”意指-C(=O)CH3基。
“三卤代甲磺酰基”意指Y3CS(=O)2-基,其中Y为卤素。
“氰基”意指-CN基。
“异氰酸根合基”意指-NCO基。
“硫代氰酸根合基”意指-CNS基。
“异硫代氰酸根合基”意指-NCS基。
“亚磺酰基”意指-S(=O)-R基,其中R如本文定义。
“S-磺酰氨基”意指-S(=O)2NR基,其中R如本文定义。
“N-磺酰氨基”意指RS(=O)2NH-基,其中R如本文定义。
“三卤代甲磺酰氨基”意指Y3CS(=O)2NR-基,其中Y及R如本文定义。
“O-氨基甲酰基”意指-OC(=O)-NR基,其中R如本文定义。
“N-氨基甲酰基”意指ROC(=O)NH-基,其中R如本文定义。
“O-硫代氨基甲酰基”意指-OC(=S)-NR基,其中R如本文定义。
“N-硫代氨基甲酰基”意指ROC(=S)NH-基,其中R如本文定义。
“C-酰氨基”意指-C(=O)-NR2基,其中R如本文定义。
“N-酰氨基”意指RC(=O)NH-基,其中R如本文定义。
术语“全卤代烷基”意指其中所有氢原子均被卤素原子置换的烷基。
本文中使用的其他术语可解读为本发明相关技术中通常所认知的含义。
R1优选为含有1至6个碳原子的低级烷基或苯基。
式(I)的铵化合物特别优选为乙酸铵及苯甲酸铵。
式(II)的卤化铵化合物的特别优选例子可包括氯化铵及碘化铵。
铵化合物的含量以占电解质总重量的0.01至10重量%为优选。当铵化合物添加剂的含量太低,则难以达到期望的添加效果。相反地,当添加剂的含量太高时,将导致不期望的电解质粘度增加,及所制备的电池的电阻增加,因此使得电池的性能劣化。
具体实施方式
以下,更详细地说明本发明。
如以上所述,本发明的锂二次电池由如下构成:含有含锂过渡金属氧化物的阴极活性材料;包括石墨化碳的阳极活性材料;多孔隔板;及含有锂盐、电解质溶液及铵化合物的电解质。
可用于本发明的阴极活性材料中的含锂过渡金属氧化物的例子,包括选自式(III)表示的化合物的一种或多种金属氧化物:
LiCoaMnbNicMdO2
其中,
a、b、c及d各自独立地在0至1的范围,前提是a、b、c及d的总和为1,及
M选自Al、B、Ga、Mg、Si、Ca、Ti、Zn、Ge、Y、Zr、Sn、Sr、Ba及Nb;以及
式(IV)表示的化合物:
LiXMn2-YM’YO4
其中,
X在0.9至2的范围,
各个Y独立地在0至0.5的范围,且
M’选自Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Al、Sn、Cr、V、Ti、Mg、Ca、Sr、B、Ga、In、Si及Ge。
上述式(III)及(IV)的优选例子可包括LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMn2O4及LiNi1-XCoXO2。
所述阴极例如由如下制成:将本发明的阴极活性材料、导电剂及粘合剂的混合物施涂于阴极集电体上,继而干燥。若需要,可将填充剂加入到上述混合物中。
上述阴极集电体通常制作成厚度约3至500μm。对于该阴极集电体并无特别限制,只要其具有高导电率且在电池中不引起化学变化即可。作为上述阴极集电体的例子,可列举不锈钢、铝、镍、钛、烧结碳,以及用碳、镍、钛或银予以表面处理的铝或不锈钢。该阴极集电体可制作成其表面上具有微小的不规则,从而加强阴极活性材料的粘着性。此外,阴极集电体可采用各种形式,包括膜状、片状、箔状、网状、多孔结构、泡沫及无纺布。
基于包括阴极活性材料的混合物的总重量,用于本发明的导电剂的添加量通常为1至50重量%。对于该导电剂并无特别限制,只要具有合适的导电率且在电池中不引起化学变化即可。作为上述导电剂的例子,可列举导电材料,包括石墨如天然或合成石墨;碳黑类例如碳黑、乙炔黑、科琴碳黑(Ketjen black)、槽法碳黑、炉黑、灯黑及热裂碳黑;导电纤维例如碳纤维及金属纤维;氟化碳;金属粉末如铝或镍粉;导电晶须如氧化锌及钛酸钾;导电金属氧化物如氧化钛;及聚苯撑衍生物。
粘合剂为有助于活性材料与导电剂的粘合,以及对集电体的粘合的成份。基于包括阴极活性材料的混合物的总重量,用于本发明的粘合剂的添加量通常为1至50重量%。作为上述粘合剂的例子,可列举聚偏二氟乙烯、聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、淀粉、羟丙基纤维素、再生纤维素、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物(EPDM)、磺化的EPDM、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、氟橡胶及各种共聚物。
填充剂是一种抑制阴极膨胀的任选成分。对于该填充剂并无特别限制,只要在电池中不引起化学变化且为纤维材料即可。作为填充剂的例子,可使用烯烃聚合物,例如聚乙烯及聚丙烯;以及纤维材料,例如玻璃纤维及碳纤维。
作为阳极活性材料中的石墨化碳,优选使用如下的石墨化碳作为阳极活性材料,其中以X-射线衍射测得碳质材料的晶面间距常数d002值小于0.338nm,且由BET法测得的比表面积小于10m2/g。
通过将阳极活性材料施涂于阳极集电体,继而干燥,从而制造阳极。视需要,可再加入上述的其他成分。
上述阳极集电体通常制作成厚度约3至500μm。对于该阳极集电体并无特别限制,只要其具有合适的导电率且在电池中不会引起化学变化即可。作为上述阳极集电体的例子,可列举铜,不锈钢,铝,镍,钛,烧结碳,用碳、镍、钛或银予以表面处理的铜或不锈钢,及铝-镉合金。与阴极集电体类似地,该阳极集电体也可制作成使表面上形成微小的不规则,从而加强对阳极活性材料的粘着性。此外,阳极集电体可采用各种形式,包括膜状、片状、箔状、网状、多孔结构、泡沫及无纺布。
隔板设置于阴极与阳极之间。使用具有高离子渗透性及机械强度的绝缘膜作为该隔板。该隔板通常具有0.01至10μm的孔径,及5至300μm的厚度。使用由具有耐化学性及疏水性的烯烃聚合物如聚丙烯及/或玻璃纤维或聚乙烯制成的片材或无纺布作为该隔板。当使用固体电解质例如聚合物作为电解质时,该固体电解质可兼为隔板及电解质。
可使用非水电解质溶液、有机固体电解质及无机固体电解质作为非水电解质。
举例而言,上述非水电解质溶液可包括非质子有机溶剂,例如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮,环状和/或直链碳酸酯化合物,包括例如碳酸亚丙酯(PC)、碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸亚丁酯(BC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)及碳酸二乙酯(DEC),γ-丁内酯(GBL)、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、四羟基法兰克(tetrahydrox Franc)、2-甲基四氢呋喃、二甲基亚砜、1,3-二氧戊环、甲酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、二氧戊环、乙腈、硝基甲烷、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯(MA)、磷酸三酯、三甲氧基甲烷、二氧戊环衍生物、环丁砜、甲基环丁砜、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、碳酸亚丙酯衍生物、四氢呋喃衍生物、醚、丙酸甲酯(MP)及丙酸乙酯(EP)。在这些溶剂化合物中,优选的是碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸亚丙酯(PC)、碳酸亚丁酯(BC)、碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)、γ-丁内酯(GBL)、环丁砜、乙酸甲酯(MA)、乙酸乙酯(EA)、丙酸甲酯(MP)及丙酸乙酯(EP)。
作为本发明所用的有机固体电解质的例子,可列举聚乙烯衍生物、聚环氧乙烷衍生物、聚环氧丙烯衍生物、磷酸酯聚合物、poly agitationlysine、聚酯硫醚、聚乙烯醇、聚偏二氟乙烯及含有离子解离基团的聚合物。
作为本发明所用的无机固体电解质的例子,可列举锂的氮化物、卤化物及硫酸盐,例如Li3N、LiI、Li5NI2、Li3N-LiI-LiOH、LiSiO4、LiSiO4-LiI-LiOH、Li2SiS3、Li4SiO4、Li4SiO4-LiI-LiOH及Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2。
锂盐为易溶于上述非水电解质的物质,其可包括例如LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiB10Cl10、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CO2、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、CH3SO3Li、CF3SO3Li、(CF3SO2)2NLi、氯硼烷锂、低级脂族羧酸锂、四苯基硼酸锂及锂亚铵(lithium imide)。这些物质中,特别优选为LiClO4、LiCF3SO3、LiC4F9SO3、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiAsF6、LiN(C2F5SO2)2及LiN(CF3SO2)2。
另外,为改良充电/放电特性及阻燃性,可将例如吡啶、亚磷酸三乙酯、三乙醇胺、环醚、乙二胺、n-甘醇二甲醚、六磷酸三酰胺、硝基苯衍生物、硫、醌亚胺染料、N-取代的唑啉酮、N,N-取代的咪唑啉、乙二醇二烷基醚、铵盐、吡咯、2-甲氧基乙醇、三氯化铝等添加于非水电解质中。若需要赋予不燃性,该些非水电解质也可进一步包括含卤素的溶剂,例如四氯化碳及三氟乙烯。
实施例
以下,参考下列实施例更详细地说明本发明。这些实施例仅例示本发明,而不应被解释为对本发明的范围及精神有所限制。
实施例1
将0.5重量%的苯甲酸铵加入溶有1M LiPF6的碳酸亚乙酯/碳酸甲乙酯(以下,称为1M LiPF6EC/EMC电解质)中,继而将此混合物搅拌,制备电解质。
实施例2
将1重量%的苯甲酸铵加入1M LiPF6EC/EMC电解质中,继而将此混合物搅拌,制备电解质。
实施例3
将2重量%的苯甲酸铵加入1M LiPF6EC/EMC电解质中,继而将此混合物搅拌,制备电解质。
实施例4
将5重量%的苯甲酸铵加入1M LiPF6EC/EMC电解质中,继而将此混合物搅拌,制备电解质。
实施例5
将1重量%的乙酸铵加入1M LiPF6EC/EMC电解质中,继而将此混合物搅拌,制备电解质。
实施例6
将1重量%的氯化铵加入1M LiPF6EC/EMC电解质中,继而将此混合物搅拌,制备电解质。
实施例7
将1重量%的碘化铵加入1M LiPF6EC/EMC电解质中,继而将此混合物搅拌,制备电解质。
比较例1
制备1M LiPF6EC/EMC电解质而不添加任何有机化合物。
实验例
使用尖晶石锰作为正极、碳电极作为负极以及分别于实施例1至7及比较例1制得的电解质,制备对应的硬币形电池(燃料电池(fullcell))。在65℃的温度下贮存3日后,分别测量以此种方式制备的电池的剩余容量及恢复容量。得到的结果如以下表1所示。
表1
起始容量(mAh) | 剩余容量(mAh) | 效率(%) | 恢复容量(mAh) | 效率(%) | |
实施例1 | 0.945 | 0.661 | 70 | 0.746 | 79 |
实施例2 | 0.950 | 0.684 | 72 | 0.740 | 78 |
实施例3 | 0.962 | 0.683 | 71 | 0.750 | 78 |
实施例4 | 0.965 | 0.685 | 71 | 0.752 | 78 |
实施例5 | 0.972 | 0.690 | 71 | 0.758 | 78 |
实施例6 | 0.951 | 0.685 | 72 | 0.750 | 79 |
实施例7 | 0.952 | 0.683 | 72 | 0.745 | 78 |
比较例1 | 0.937 | 0.627 | 67 | 0.709 | 76 |
从表1中可发现,根据本发明将有机铵化合物加入电解质中的锂二次电池(实施例1至5),及将卤化铵化合物加入电解质中的锂二次电池(实施例6及7),与未添加添加剂的锂二次电池(比较例1)相较,显示高温贮存后电池的剩余容量及恢复容量的提高。特别地,当铵化合物的含量为电解质总重的0.1至8重量%时,可得到优异的铵化合物添加效果。
工业利用性
从以上说明可知根据本发明的锂二次电池,通过减少了电池因高温贮存所造成的剩余容量及恢复容量的降低,从而对电池发挥了容量增加效果及高温性能改良效果。
虽然已公开本发明的优选实施方式以例示本发明,然而本领域技术人员应能认知,在未偏离随附的权利要求所公开的本发明范围及精神下,可进行各种改变、增加及取代。
Claims (10)
1.一种锂二次电池,其包含:
阴极活性材料,其包括能进行可逆贮存及释放锂离子的含锂过渡金属氧化物;
阳极活性材料,其包括能进行可逆贮存及释放锂离子的石墨化碳;
多孔隔板;及
非水电解质,其含有(i)锂盐、(ii)电解质溶液及(iii)铵化合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的电池,其中该铵化合物为选自式(I)表示的化合物的一种或多种有机铵化合物:
R1-CO2 -(NH4)+
其中,R1为任选被取代的烷基或任选被取代的芳基。
3.如权利要求1所述的电池,其中该铵化合物为选自式(II)表示的化合物的一种或多种卤化铵化合物:
A-(NH4)+
其中,A为卤素原子。
4.如权利要求2所述的电池,其中该有机铵化合物为乙酸铵或苯甲酸铵。
5.如权利要求3所述的电池,其中该卤化铵化合物为氯化铵或碘化铵。
6.如权利要求1所述的电池,其中该铵化合物的含量在电解质总重的0.01至10重量%的范围内。
7.如权利要求1所述的电池,其中该含锂过渡金属氧化物选自LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMn2O4及LiNi1-XCoXO2。
8.如权利要求1所述的电池,其中该石墨化碳通过X-射线衍射测得的碳质材料的晶面间距常数d002值小于0.338nm,且通过BET法测得的比表面积小于10m2/g。
9.如权利要求1所述的电池,其中该锂盐选自LiClO4、LiCF3SO3、LiC4F9SO3、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiAsF6、LiN(C2F5SO2)2及LiN(CF3SO2)2。
10.如权利要求1所述的电池,其中该电解质溶液为选自如下的至少一种:碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸亚丙酯(PC)、碳酸亚丁酯(BC)、碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)、γ-丁内酯(GBL)、环丁砜、乙酸甲酯(MA)、乙酸乙酯(EA)、丙酸甲酯(MP)及丙酸乙酯(EP)。
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CN101834315A (zh) * | 2010-05-20 | 2010-09-15 | 南京双登科技发展研究院有限公司 | 锂离子电池高温电解液 |
CN112768768A (zh) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-05-07 | 北京理工大学 | 一种含有碘化胺添加剂的电池电解质及其制备方法 |
WO2024169768A1 (zh) * | 2023-02-15 | 2024-08-22 | 辉能科技股份有限公司 | 可自我毒化的锂二次电池 |
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CN101834315A (zh) * | 2010-05-20 | 2010-09-15 | 南京双登科技发展研究院有限公司 | 锂离子电池高温电解液 |
CN112768768A (zh) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-05-07 | 北京理工大学 | 一种含有碘化胺添加剂的电池电解质及其制备方法 |
WO2024169768A1 (zh) * | 2023-02-15 | 2024-08-22 | 辉能科技股份有限公司 | 可自我毒化的锂二次电池 |
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US7638229B2 (en) | 2009-12-29 |
KR20060092074A (ko) | 2006-08-22 |
EP1849206A1 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
RU2335044C1 (ru) | 2008-09-27 |
JP2011142095A (ja) | 2011-07-21 |
WO2006088304A1 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
EP1849206B1 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
US8192874B2 (en) | 2012-06-05 |
BRPI0607367A2 (pt) | 2009-09-01 |
JP2008529236A (ja) | 2008-07-31 |
CA2595552A1 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
KR100709016B1 (ko) | 2007-04-18 |
EP2328221A1 (en) | 2011-06-01 |
CA2595552C (en) | 2010-07-20 |
TW200640051A (en) | 2006-11-16 |
JP4885148B2 (ja) | 2012-02-29 |
TWI324837B (en) | 2010-05-11 |
US20100055575A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
JP5335831B2 (ja) | 2013-11-06 |
EP1849206A4 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
US20070003824A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
CN100583544C (zh) | 2010-01-20 |
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