CN101043904B - 含有不可消化寡糖的营养组合物 - Google Patents
含有不可消化寡糖的营养组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101043904B CN101043904B CN2005800358190A CN200580035819A CN101043904B CN 101043904 B CN101043904 B CN 101043904B CN 2005800358190 A CN2005800358190 A CN 2005800358190A CN 200580035819 A CN200580035819 A CN 200580035819A CN 101043904 B CN101043904 B CN 101043904B
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- Prior art keywords
- galactose
- alimentation composition
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- compositions
- sugar
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于治疗和/或预防呼吸道感染和/或呼吸道传染病的方法和组合物,所述方法包括口服给予哺乳动物一种组合物,所述组合物含有含半乳糖的不可消化寡糖和至少5重量%的基于半乳糖的可消化糖。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供一种预防和/或治疗呼吸道感染的方法,所述方法包括给予不可消化的寡糖。
背景技术
呼吸道是受到病原体感染的常见部位。由于它与自然环境直接接触并暴露于空气中的微生物而经常受到感染。有多种微生物可导致婴儿疾病。
呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是引起婴儿和儿童下呼吸道严重疾病的首要原因。原发RSV病毒感染经常发生在6周至2岁的儿童中。据估计,多达75%的儿童支气管炎和多达40%的儿童肺炎是由RSV引起的。受到RSV感染的高度威胁的儿童包括早产儿和患有支气管肺发育异常、先天性心脏病、先天性免疫缺陷或获得性免疫缺陷以及囊性纤维化病的儿童。由于RSV感染而住院治疗且患有心脏病和肺部疾病的婴儿的死亡率为3%-4%。对于已被确实的RSV疾病,可选的治疗方法很有限。下呼吸道的严重RSV疾病常常需要相当多的支持性疗法,包括提供增湿氧气和呼吸辅助。
副流感病毒感染会导致婴儿和儿童的严重呼吸道疾病。全世界患有呼吸道感染的儿科患者全部住院例中大约20%是传染性副流行性感冒。
用母乳喂养的婴儿发生呼吸道感染的几率较低。在本领域中,目前认为这种较低的几率是因为母乳含有具有可使病毒或其它微生物失效的活性的免疫球蛋白。
呼吸道感染常常很难治疗。只有几种有效药物可用,而且治疗常常需要进行肺部给药。对于较年幼的婴儿这会导致强烈的应激性。因此,需要其他有效药剂,优选该药剂的给药对婴儿和儿童不施予应激性或应激性较小。
最近有报道描述,给予富含益生元(半乳寡糖)、益生菌剂(probiotics)、核苷酸和LC-PUFA及含少量乳糖的婴儿制剂对于患呼吸道感染的婴儿是有益的(Rivero等(2004),J PediatrGastroenterol Nutr 39:suppl.1,P1121)。
发明内容
在多中心临床试验中,本发明的发明人惊奇地发现,肠内给予以下组合物可使呼吸道感染的几率降低,见实施例6,所述组合物含有:
a)含有至少两个末端糖单元的含半乳糖的不可消化寡糖,其中至少一个末端糖单元选自葡萄糖和半乳糖;至少一个末端糖选自半乳糖和岩藻糖;以及
b)基于半乳糖的可消化糖(digestible galactose saccharide)。
本方法具有活性成分安全并适合与营养物混合的优点。特别是对婴儿来说,这样使得应激性显著降低。因此,一方面,本发明包括口服给予一种可降低呼吸道感染几率的营养组合物。
本发明特别出人意料,因为直到目前为止,低乳糖含量仍被认为对预防婴儿呼吸道病症是必要的。而本发明的发明人发现给予含有反式半乳寡糖且富含乳糖的营养组合物对预防和治疗呼吸道感染特别有效。
本发明的发明人发现含半乳糖的不可消化寡糖和基于半乳糖的可消化糖对于最优地治疗和/或预防呼吸道感染和/或呼吸道传染病都是必要的。而且乳糖特别有助于减少呼吸道感染的发生。
此外,本发明也具有很大商业价值。低乳糖制剂的制备需要例如使用非乳蛋白质来源(例如大豆蛋白质)或者对牛奶进行去除乳糖(例如通过超滤)的附加处理。这二者增加了成本并且可能使提供的营养欠佳,因此通常是不理想的。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种治疗和/或预防呼吸道感染和呼吸道传染病的方法,所述方法包括给予一种营养组合物。将活性成分作为营养组合物给药是为了降低应激性,而且当所述寡糖与长链多不饱和脂肪酸、胆碱与锌的组合物、益生菌剂和/或除了含半乳糖的不可消化寡糖之外的益生元协同作用时,可更理想地减少呼吸道感染的发生。在一种优选的实施方案中,本发明提供了一种用于治疗和/或预防呼吸道合胞病毒感染的方法,所述方法包括对0至2岁婴儿给予一种营养组合物,该组合物含有有效剂量的反式半乳寡糖。
再一方面,本发明提供一种特别适于治疗和/或预防呼吸道感染和呼吸道传染病的组合物,所述组合物含有所述寡糖和具有使病毒失效的活性的免疫球蛋白,例如具有使副流感病毒或RSV失效的活性的免疫球蛋白。免疫球蛋白优选从对呼吸道病毒超免疫的奶牛获得。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种治疗和/或预防呼吸道感染和/或呼吸道传染病的方法,所述方法包括使哺乳动物口服一种组合物,所述组合物包含具有至少两个末端糖单元并且含半乳糖的不可消化寡糖,其中至少一个末端糖单元选自葡萄糖和半乳糖,至少一个末端糖选自半乳糖和岩藻糖;并且包含至少5重量%的可消化糖,所述百分比以此组合物总干重计,所述糖选自半乳糖和含有至少两个末端糖单元的含半乳糖的可消化糖,其中至少一个末端糖单元选自葡萄糖和半乳糖,至少一个末端糖选自半乳糖和岩藻糖。
另一方面,本发明提供一种适于治疗和/或预防呼吸道感染和/或呼吸道传染病的组合物,该组合物含有:
a.含有至少两个末端糖单元的含半乳糖的不可消化寡糖,其中至少一个末端糖单元选自葡萄糖和半乳糖,至少一个末端糖选自半乳糖和岩藻糖;
b.具有使病毒失效的作用的免疫球蛋白;以及
c.非人类来源的物质;
该组合物任选进一步包含:
d.至少5重量%的基于半乳糖的可消化糖,所述百分比以此组合物的总干重计,所述糖选自半乳糖和含有至少两个末端糖单元的含半乳糖的可消化糖,其中至少一个末端糖单元选自葡萄糖和半乳糖,至少一个末端糖选自半乳糖和岩藻糖。
寡糖
本发明包括给予一种含有至少两个末端糖单元的含半乳糖的不可消化寡糖(GAL-oligo),其中至少一个末端糖单元选自葡萄糖和半乳糖,至少一个末端糖选自半乳糖和岩藻糖。GAL-oligo中的糖优选为β连接。
术语“末端糖”指的是连接到一个其他的糖单元上的糖(例如半乳糖、葡萄糖、果糖或岩藻糖)。本发明的GAL-oligo优选含有不超过4个末端糖,优选不超过2个。本发明中使用的术语“不可消化寡糖”指的是不能或只能部分地在肠道中在酸的作用下或在存在于人上消化道中(小肠和胃)的消化酶的作用下被消化、但可被人肠内菌丛发酵的糖。
在一种优选的实施方案中,GAL-oligo含有至少一个末端半乳糖和至少一个选自末端葡萄糖和末端岩藻糖的末端糖。更优选地,本发明的含半乳糖的不可消化寡糖含有至少一个末端半乳糖和至少一个末端葡萄糖。优选寡糖由两个末端糖单元和总计2至60个糖单元构成。
优选GAL-oligo选自反式半乳寡糖、半乳寡糖、乳-N-四糖(LNT)、乳-N-新四糖(neo-LNT)、岩藻糖基乳糖、岩藻糖化LNT和岩藻糖化neo-LNT。在一种特别优选的实施方案中,本发明的方法包括给予反式半乳寡糖([半乳糖]n-葡萄糖;其中n为1至60之间的整数,即2、3、4、5、6……59、60;优选n选自2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10)。反式半乳寡糖(TOS)为例如以VivinalTM(Borculo Domo Ingredients,荷兰)为商标销售的反式半乳寡糖。优选反式半乳寡糖中的糖为β连接。
本发明组合物优选在每100克组合物干重中含有0.1至12克的GAL-oligo,优选0.5至8克,更优选1.0至7.5克。将粉末重新制成液体形式并将该液体制剂给予婴儿后,该剂量的GAL-oligo可产生所需的效果而不会导致肠部不适。
基于半乳糖的可消化糖
本发明的方法中使用的组合物含有可消化碳水化合物,所述碳水化合物含有基于半乳糖的可消化糖。该组合物含有至少5重量%的基于半乳糖的可消化糖,所述百分比以组合物总干重计,所述糖选自半乳糖和含有至少两个末端糖单元的含有半乳糖的可消化糖,其中至少一个末端糖单元选自葡萄糖和半乳糖,并且至少一个末端糖选自半乳糖和岩藻糖。用于本发明方法的组合物含有至少5重量%的基于半乳糖的可消化糖,优选至少10重量%,更优选至少25重量%,所述百分比以本发明组合物的总干重计。
本发明使用的术语“基于半乳糖的可消化糖”指在正常健康的人类的肠内在酸的作用下或在存在于人上消化道(小肠和胃)中的消化酶的作用下可被消化的单糖、二糖、三糖或多糖。本发明的方法中优选使用乳糖。
基于半乳糖的可消化糖优选为乳糖。优选本发明的方法中使用的组合物中的碳水化合物中至少50重量%为乳糖,优选至少为75重量%,更优选为至少90重量%。本发明中使用的术语“碳水化合物”与通常所使用的相同,指可消化碳水化合物。本发明的方法中使用的组合物优选含有至少10重量%的基于乳糖的糖,优选至少25重量%,更优选至少40重量%,最优选至少50重量%,所述百分比以本发明组合物的总干重计。为了向婴儿提供最佳营养物,即与人乳高度相似的组合物,本发明的方法优选包括给予含40至60重量%乳糖的组合物,所述百分比以组合物的总干重计。
在另一种优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及给予每份2至50克乳糖,优选每份10至25克乳糖。优选每份为5至500ml,更优选为100至300ml。
基于半乳糖的可消化糖与含半乳糖的不可消化寡糖的重量比优选大于1,更优选大于5,再更优选大于10。该比例优选小于1000,更优选小于100。
寡糖组合物
在一种特别优选的实施方案中,本发明的方法包括给予本发明的GAL-oligo以及第二种不可消化寡糖,所述不可消化寡糖选自不可消化糊精、木寡糖(xylooligosaccharide)、阿拉伯寡糖(arabinooligosaccharide)、低聚葡萄糖、甘露寡糖、岩藻寡糖(fucooligosaccharide)、果聚糖(fructan)-果聚糖(Levan)型(β-D-(2→6)呋喃果糖基)nα-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷)以及果聚糖-菊粉型(β-D-(2→1)呋喃果糖基)nα-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷)。优选第二种寡糖选自菊粉、水解的菊粉和低聚果糖。
本发明组合物优选在每100克本发明组合物干重中含有0.5至12克第二种不可消化寡糖,更优选含有1至8克第二种不可消化寡糖。第二种寡糖的DP值优选低于40,更优选为10至30。
优选地,本发明组合物在每100克本发明组合物干重中总计(即有或没有第二、第三种等可溶于水的不可消化寡糖)含有1至12克可溶于水的不可消化寡糖,更优选总计为2至9克。
重量比优选为:
a.(DP为2至5的寡糖)∶(DP为6至9的寡糖);以及b.(DP为10至60的寡糖)∶(DP为6至9的寡糖)均大于1。优选两个重量比均大于2,更优选均大于5。
本发明的方法优选包括给予0.5至10克的DP为1至10的反式半乳寡糖/100克组合物干重,更优选给予2至5克。本发明优选在每100克组合物干重中含有0.5至10克的DP为15至40的多聚果糖(fructopolysaccharide),更优选含有1至5克。术语“多聚果糖”指含有一个由至少10个β连接的果糖单元组成的链的不可消化多糖碳水化合物。
在另一种优选的实施方案中,第二种不可消化寡糖为酸性寡糖。术语“酸性寡糖”指含有至少一个酸性基团的寡糖,所述酸性基团选自N-乙酰神经氨酸、N-乙醇酰神经氨酸、游离羧酸或酯化羧酸、硫酸基团和磷酸基团。酸性寡糖优选为聚己糖。优选地,至少一种前述酸性基团位于酸性寡糖的末端己糖单元上。优选酸性寡糖在末端己糖单元上含有羧酸,其中所述羧酸基团可为游离羧酸或酯化羧酸基团。WO01/60378和/或WO 02/42484中提供了适用于本发明方法和组合物的酯化果胶水解产物制备方法,这里将其以引用的方式纳入本申请。
优选地,酸性寡糖具有一个、优选两个末端糖醛酸单元,所述末端糖醛酸单元可为游离的或酯化的。优选末端糖醛酸单元选自半乳糖醛酸、葡糖醛酸、古洛糖醛酸、艾杜糖醛酸、甘露糖醛酸、核糖醛酸(riburonic acid)和阿卓糖醛酸(alturonic acid)。这些单元可以为游离的或酯化的。在一种更优选的实施方案中,末端己糖单元具有双键,所述双键优选位于末端己糖单元的C4和C5位之间。优选其中一个末端己糖单元含有双键。末端己糖(例如糖醛酸)优选具有式1的结构。
式1:优选的末端己糖酸性基团
其中R优选选自氢、羟基或酸性基团,优选为羟基(见前文);R2、R3、R4和R5中的至少一个代表N-乙酰神经氨酸、N-乙醇酰神经氨酸、游离羧酸或酯化羧酸、硫酸基团和磷酸基团,并且R2、R3、R4和R5中的其余几个代表羟基和/或氢。优选R2、R3、R4和R5中的一个代表N-乙酰神经氨酸、N-乙醇酰神经氨酸、游离羧酸或酯化羧酸、硫酸基团和磷酸基团,而R2、R3、R4和R5中的其余几个代表羟基和/或氢。更优选R2、R3、R4和R5中的一个代表游离羧酸或酯化羧酸,而R2、R3、R4和R5中的其余几个代表羟基和/或氢;n为整数,表示己糖单元的个数(也可参见下文的聚合度),所述己糖单元可以是任何己糖单元。适合的n为1-5000之间的整数,代表己糖单元的个数,所述己糖单元优选为糖醛酸,更优选为半乳糖醛酸。这些单元上的羧酸基团可以为游离的或(部分地)酯化的,并且优选至少部分地甲基化。
最优选地,R2和R3代表羟基,R4代表氢,R5代表游离的或酯化的羧酸。
本方法中使用的酸性寡糖具有1至5000的聚合度(DP),优选为1至1000,更优选为2至250,再更优选为2至50,最优选为2至10。如果使用具有不同聚合度的酸性寡糖的混合物,则该酸性寡糖混合物的DP平均值为2至1000,更优选为3至250,再更优选为3至50。
优选酸性寡糖的特征为甲氧基化程度大于20%,优选大于50%,更优选大于70%。优选酸性寡糖的甲基化程度大于20%,优选大于50%,更优选大于70%。
酸性寡糖优选每天给予10mg至100g,优选每天100mg至50g,更优选每天0.5至20g。
呼吸道感染
本发明提供一种治疗和/或预防呼吸道感染的方法,所述呼吸道感染一般由细菌、病毒或真菌感染引起。在一种优选的实施方案中,本发明方法提供了一种用于治疗和/或预防由以下病原体引起的呼吸道感染的方法,所述病原体为:肺炎球菌(Pneumococcus)、军团菌(Legionella)、链球菌(Streptococcus)、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)、葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus)、嗜血菌(Heamofilis)、支原体(Mycoplasma)、分枝杆菌(Mycobacteria)、衣原体(Chlamidia)、莫拉菌(Moraxella)、考克斯氏体(Coxiella)、诺卡氏菌(Nocardia)、克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella)、肠杆菌(Enterobacter)、变形菌(Proteus)、沙雷氏菌(Serratia)、不动杆菌(Acinetobacter)、正黏病毒(Orthomyxovirida)、黏液病毒(Myxovirus)、第IV类病毒(Orthomyxokvirus)、鼻病毒(Rhinovirus)、艾柯病毒(Echoviruses)、柯萨奇病毒(Coxsackieviruses)、腺病毒(Adenovirus)、副流感病毒(Parainfluenzavirus)、呼吸道合胞病毒(Respiratory SyncytialVirus)(RSV)、冠状病毒(Coronavirus)、麻疹病毒(Measles virus)、巨细胞病毒(Cytomegalovirus)、荚膜组织胞浆菌(Histoplasmacapsulatum)、粗球孢子菌(Coccidiodes immitis)、皮炎芽生菌(Blastomyces dermatitidis)、隐球菌(Cryptococcus)、曲霉(Aspergillus)、毛霉菌(Mucorales)。本发明的方法特别适用于治疗和/或预防呼吸道合胞病毒感染。
在一种优选的实施方案中,本发明的方法涉及治疗和/或预防呼吸道传染病,所述呼吸道传染病优选选自结核、支气管炎、细支气管炎、气管炎、肺炎、鼻窦炎、鼻炎、严重急性呼吸器官综合征(SARS)、哮吼、会厌炎、组织胞浆菌病、球孢子菌病、芽生菌病、隐球菌病、曲霉病、毛霉病和肺脓肿。在一种特别优选的实施方案中,本发明提供一种治疗和/或预防病毒性肺炎和/或支气管炎的方法。
本发明的方法还适用于治疗和/或预防呼吸道感染的症状,所述症状选自肺部刺激、肺部充血、黏液产生过多、气喘(breathlessness)(即呼吸困难),特别是气喘。
治疗群组
本发明的方法特别适用于治疗和/或预防0岁至10岁儿童的呼吸道感染,优选0岁至4岁婴幼儿。本发明的方法可以有利地用于治疗和/或预防早产儿(妊娠37周之前出生的婴儿)的上述疾病、感染和症状。
本发明的方法特别适用于治疗和/或预防免疫受损的哺乳动物对象的呼吸道感染,特别是老年人(约60岁以上的人),感染了人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的对象,患有一种或多种以下疾病的对象:肾病综合征、多发性骨髓瘤、淋巴瘤、霍奇金病,接受过器官移植的对象,患有慢性心脏病、慢性肾病或慢性肺病(尤其是慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、肺气肿、结节病、囊性纤维化病、支气管扩张、肺癌、肺不张、呼吸衰竭、职业性肺病、哮喘)、糖尿病和酒精中毒的对象。本发明的方法可有利地用于COPD患者、HIV感染患者和/或糖尿病患者的治疗和/或预防,因为这些患者通常由于患病而变得体弱。
在另一种优选的实施方案中,本发明的方法包括将本发明组合物给予使用呼吸器或人工呼吸机的或者重症监护病房中的人,通常是住院患者,因为这些患者特别易受到病毒感染。
营养制剂
对0至4岁的婴幼儿进行呼吸道感染的药物治疗通常很棘手,因为很多药剂需要通过肺部途径进行给药。本发明提供了一种治疗和/或预防呼吸道感染的方法,包括口服一种营养组合物。因此,本发明的方法也克服了肺部给药的问题。
适用于本发明方法的营养组合物优选含有10至60能量%的脂质、5至50能量%的蛋白质、15至90能量%的碳水化合物。更优选营养组合物含有7.5至12.5能量%的蛋白质;40至55能量%的碳水化合物;以及35至50能量%的脂肪(能量%是能量百分比的简称,代表每种组分对制剂总热值的贡献的相对量)。
营养组合物优选还含有至少一种长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC-PUFA),所述多不饱和脂肪酸优选选自二十碳五烯酸(EPA,n-3)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,n-3)和花生四烯酸(AA,n-6),因为这些物质可以进一步减轻呼吸道感染和/或其症状。优选本发明的组合物含有AA和DHA,更优选含有AA、DHA和EPA。本发明的不可消化寡糖和LC-PUFA组合可协同起作用。
优选本发明的组合物含有总脂肪含量至少0.1重量%的具有20至22个碳原子的LC-PUFA,优选至少0.25重量%,更优选至少0.5重量%,再更优选至少0.75重量%。本发明的组合物中具有20至22个碳原子的LC-PUFA的含量优选不超过总脂肪含量的15重量%,优选不超过10重量%,更优选不超过5重量%。
EPA含量优选不超过总脂肪的15重量%,更优选不超过5重量%,最优选不超过1重量%,但优选其为总脂肪的至少0.05重量%,更优选至少0.1重量%。DHA含量优选不超过总脂肪的10重量%,更优选不超过5重量%,最优选不超过1重量%,但其至少为总脂肪的0.1重量%。本发明组合物优选含有总脂肪的至少0.1重量%的AA,更优选至少0.25重量%的AA,最优选至少0.5重量%的AA。AA含量优选不超过总脂肪的5重量%,更优选不超过1重量%。
适合给予成人的组合物可含有更多量的LC-PUFA。这种情况下EPA含量优选不超过总脂肪的15重量%,更优选不超过10重量%,但优选其至少为总脂肪的0.05重量%,更优选至少0.1重量%。DHA含量优选不超过总脂肪的15重量%,更优选不超过10重量%,但其至少为总脂肪的0.1重量%。本发明组合物优选含有至少0.1重量%的AA,更优选含有总脂肪的至少0.25重量%的AA,最优选含有至少0.5重量%的AA。AA含量优选不超过总脂肪的15重量%,更优选不超过10重量%。
包括给予一种由人乳组成的组合物的方法不属于本发明方法。因此,本发明的方法优选包括给予一种含有非人类来源的物质的组合物,所述非人类来源的物质优选为适用于人类口服的营养物质,更优选为非人类来源的纤维碳水化合物、脂肪和/或蛋白质,优选来源于植物、动物、细菌或合成。
免疫球蛋白
本发明还提供一种特别适用于治疗和/或预防呼吸道感染的方法的组合物,所述组合物含有上述的不可消化寡糖和具有使病毒失效的作用的免疫球蛋白,优选能够使选自以下种类的病毒失效的免疫球蛋白:黏液病毒、第IV类病毒、鼻病毒、艾柯病毒、柯萨奇病毒、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、冠状病毒、麻疹病毒和巨细胞病毒。免疫球蛋白优选为IgA和/或IgG,优选免疫球蛋白从超免疫哺乳动物获得,所述哺乳动物优选为奶牛。用于从超免疫哺乳动物获得这些免疫球蛋白的方法对于本领域技术人员是熟知的,例如在GB1573995中有所记载。
超免疫哺乳动物优选用能够刺激产生具有使病毒失效的活性的免疫球蛋白的抗原进行免疫,所述病毒选自黏液病毒、第IV类病毒、鼻病毒、艾柯病毒、柯萨奇病毒、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、冠状病毒、麻疹病毒和巨细胞病毒。在一种特别优选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含具有使RSV失效的活性的免疫球蛋白。
本发明的组合物不包括由人乳组成的组合物。因此,本发明的组合物优选含有非人类来源的物质,优选为营养物质,更优选来源于植物、动物、细菌或合成。所述物质优选为纤维、碳水化合物、脂肪或蛋白质。
本发明的组合物还可有利地与至少一种选自以下的物质组合,所述物质选自LC-PUFA(如上所述)、基于半乳糖的可消化糖(见上文)、益生菌剂(如下文所述)、胆碱(见下文)和锌(见下文)。
益生菌剂
在另一种优选的实施方案中,本发明的方法包括给予上述不可消化寡糖和益生菌剂。优选益生菌剂选自乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)、乳球菌(Lactococcus)、双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)、肠球菌(Enterococcus)、丙酸杆菌(Propionibacterium)、片球菌(Pediococcus)、芽孢杆菌(Bacilllus)和链球菌,更优选选自乳杆菌和双歧杆菌。益生菌剂优选为可产生乳酸的非病原菌。本发明的不可消化寡糖和益生细菌组合可协同起作用。
胆碱和锌
在另一种优选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物含有锌和/或胆碱。锌和胆碱均可促进健康的肺组织膜的形成,并因此提高对感染的抵抗力。含有锌和/或胆碱的组合物可有利地用于本发明的方法。
本发明的组合物优选在每100g组合物干重中含有5至500mg胆碱,更优选含有20至100mg胆碱,再更优选含有40至60mg胆碱。本发明的组合物优选在每100g组合物干重中含有1至100mg锌,更优选含有2至50mg锌,再更优选含有10至25mg锌。
实施例
实施例1
配有标签的包装好的婴儿乳品制剂,该标签表明该制剂适用于预防呼吸道合胞病毒引起的呼吸道感染;每100ml最终产物(每13.1g粉末)的配方含有以下物质:
8能量%蛋白质 1.4g(酪蛋白乳清混合物)
45能量%可消化碳水化合物 7.5g
47能量%脂肪 3.5g
反式半乳寡糖(TOS) 0.3g
实施例2:
实施例1的包装好的婴儿乳品制剂,其中包装上配有标签,表明该制剂适用于减轻呼吸困难。
实施例3:
实施例1的包装好的婴儿乳品制剂,在每100ml最终产物(每13.1g粉末)中还含有以下物质;
Raftilin HP,Orafti BE 0.1g
短双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium breve) 1.3×108cfu
金枪鱼油 0.3g
40%花生四烯酸油 0.3g
(DSM Food Specialities,Delft,荷兰)
实施例4:
实施例3的包装好的婴儿乳品制剂,在每100ml最终产物(每13.1g粉末)中还含有以下物质;
胆碱 6.5mg
锌 2mg
实施例5:
实施例1的包装好的婴儿乳品制剂,还含有如EP0808173中所述的具有使呼吸道合胞病毒失效的活性的免疫球蛋白。
实施例6:标准婴儿制剂中的反式半乳寡糖在预防1周岁以下婴儿的呼吸道感染中的有效性
方法:在意大利进行了多中心临床试验,包括7个中心和56个儿科医师。停止哺乳后,将婴儿分为两组。对A组婴儿(n=69)给予补充了寡糖的NutrilonTM 1或2,补充的寡糖的量使反式半乳寡糖的最终浓度为0.36g/100ml(Vivinal-GOSTM;Borculo Domo Ingredients,荷兰),使多聚果糖的最终浓度为0.04g/100ml(Raftiline HPTM,Orafti,Tienen,比利时)。对照组B中的婴儿(n=82)接受标准的NutrilonTM1或2。
Nutrilon 1TM中含有45能量%的碳水化合物、8能量%的蛋白质和47能量%的脂肪;约占总碳水化合物97重量%的乳糖;7.3克乳糖/100ml;约54克乳糖/100克全部组合物干重。
Nutrilon 2TM中含有47能量%的碳水化合物、10能量%的蛋白质和43能量%的脂肪;约占总碳水化合物96重量%的乳糖;7.9克乳糖/100ml;约54克乳糖/100克全部组合物干重。
结果:婴儿的年龄为2至9个月,对婴儿进行6个月试验。两组婴儿未表现出营养摄入上的不同。A组中,共观察到发生32例上呼吸道感染。对照组B中,共观察到发生60例上呼吸道感染。因此A组与B组相比上呼吸道感染发生的几率显著(p<0.01)降低。
实施例7:囊剂
囊剂中含有1g乳糖和0.5g反式半乳寡糖,可将其加入含有脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物的液体营养物中,所述液体营养物是为患有COPD或糖尿病的患者的摄食而设计的,所述囊剂配有标签,表明将囊剂中含有的物质加入营养物中可降低呼吸道感染发生的几率。
Claims (16)
1.含有不可消化寡糖和基于半乳糖的可消化糖的组合物用于制备一种治疗和/或预防呼吸道感染和/或呼吸道传染病的营养组合物的用途,其中所述营养组合物被口服给药至哺乳动物,所述营养组合物含有
a)含有半乳糖的不可消化寡糖,其为具有2至10的聚合度(DP)的反式半乳寡糖,其中每100克干重的所述营养组合物含有0.5至10克所述反式半乳寡糖;以及
b)至少5重量%的基于半乳糖的可消化糖,所述百分比以营养组合物总干重计,所述糖选自半乳糖和含有至少两个末端糖单元的含有半乳糖的可消化糖,其中至少一个末端糖单元选自葡萄糖和半乳糖,至少一个末端糖选自半乳糖和岩藻糖。
2.权利要求1的用途,其中所述营养组合物含有:
a.35至50能量%的脂质;7.5至12.5能量%的蛋白质;以及40至55能量%的碳水化合物;
b.40至60重量%的乳糖,百分比以营养组合物总干重计;
c.0.5至10克聚合度(DP)为2至10的反式半乳寡糖/100克营养组合物干重;
d.至少一种选自二十碳五烯酸(EPA,n-3)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,n-3)和花生四烯酸(AA,n-6)的长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC-PUFA);
并且所述哺乳动物是0至4岁的儿童。
3.上述权利要求中的任一项的用途,其中所述营养组合物含有来源于植物、非人类的动物或细菌或者合成的脂肪、碳水化合物和/或蛋白质。
4.权利要求1的用途,其中所述呼吸道感染为呼吸道合胞病毒感染。
5.权利要求1的用途,其中所述治疗和/或预防呼吸道感染和/或呼吸道传染病包括治疗和/或预防气喘。
6.权利要求1的用途,其中所述呼吸道传染病为儿童细支气管炎和/或儿童肺炎。
7.权利要求1的用途,其中所述营养组合物还含有第二种不可消化寡糖,所述第二种不可消化寡糖选自低聚果糖、水解菊粉和菊粉。
8.权利要求1的用途,其中所述营养组合物含有至少一种选自二十碳五烯酸(EPA,n-3)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,n-3)和花生四烯酸(AA,n-6)的长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC-PUFA)。
9.权利要求1的用途,其中所述营养组合物还含有选自乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳球菌、片球菌、肠球菌、丙酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌和链球菌的益生细菌。
10.权利要求1的用途,其中所述营养组合物含有35至50能量%的脂质、7.5至12.5能量%的蛋白质和40至55能量%的碳水化合物。
11.权利要求1的用途,其中所述营养组合物还含有聚己糖。
12.权利要求1的用途,其中所述营养组合物被给予至0至4岁的婴儿。
13.权利要求1的用途,其中所述营养组合物含有具有使呼吸道合胞病毒失效的活性的免疫球蛋白。
14.适用于治疗或预防呼吸道感染或呼吸道传染病的组合物,所述组合物含有:
a.具有2至10的聚合度(DP)的反式半乳寡糖,其中每100克干重的所述组合物含有0.5至10克所述反式半乳寡糖;
b.一种具有使病毒失效的作用的免疫球蛋白;以及
c.来源于植物、(非人类)动物、细菌或合成的脂肪、碳水化合物和/或蛋白质;
d.至少5重量%的基于半乳糖的可消化糖,所述百分比以组合物总干重计,所述糖选自半乳糖和含有至少两个末端糖单元的含有半乳糖的可消化糖,其中至少一个末端糖单元选自葡萄糖和半乳糖,至少一个末端糖选自半乳糖和岩藻糖。
15.权利要求14的组合物,其中所述具有使病毒失效的作用的免疫球蛋白能够使选自以下病毒的一种病毒失效:黏液病毒、第IV类病毒、鼻病毒、艾柯病毒、柯萨奇病毒、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、冠状病毒、麻疹病毒和巨细胞病毒。
16.权利要求14或15的组合物,其中所述免疫球蛋白来自超免疫哺乳动物。
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