CN101037566B - 耐磨低摩擦涂料组合物,涂布元件,以及制备所述涂料组合物的方法 - Google Patents

耐磨低摩擦涂料组合物,涂布元件,以及制备所述涂料组合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN101037566B
CN101037566B CN2006100644273A CN200610064427A CN101037566B CN 101037566 B CN101037566 B CN 101037566B CN 2006100644273 A CN2006100644273 A CN 2006100644273A CN 200610064427 A CN200610064427 A CN 200610064427A CN 101037566 B CN101037566 B CN 101037566B
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composite powder
tib
coating composition
powder
metal
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CN101037566A (zh
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乔恩·莱斯特
罗伯特·马奇安多
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General Electric Co
Momentive Performance Materials Inc
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General Electric Co
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    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C4/00Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
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    • C23C4/00Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
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Abstract

形成用于涂布滑移或滚动或腐蚀或冲击构件的组合物,包括制备TiB2和BN的复合粉末,TiB2与BN之比为1:7至20:1,以及选自镍,铬,铁,钴,铝,钨,碳及上述物质的合金的金属基体。

Description

耐磨低摩擦涂料组合物,涂布元件,以及制备所述涂料组合物的方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求以申请日为2005年12月22日的US专利申请No.60/753342和申请日为2006年4月13日的US专利申请No.60/744752为优先权,上述申请在此全部引作参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及在接触面中使用的耐磨低摩擦涂料组合物,所述涂料组合物可以经过本领域中已知的方法施涂到加工件上,所述方法包括但不限于热喷镀,等离子体喷镀,化学镀膜或电解金属镀膜。
背景技术
用于接触面的涂料通常需要具有优良的耐熔态金属腐蚀性,耐热性,耐热震性,抗氧化性和耐磨性。涂料组合物随具体的应用而变化,如燃气轮机发动机,施胶装置,航空发动机部件,成型器械,玻璃纤维加工部件,武器部件(firearm parts)(后膛,膛,阻气门,闪光抑制器,气口)的密封,等等。涂料组合物也随着部件或元件的功能而变化,如锁定,喷射,滑动,滚动(rolling),旋转,碰击或支承等。现有技术中的涂料组合物也随着涂料赋予的最终性能而变化,如耐腐蚀性,耐流水腐蚀性和抗表面疲劳性,耐磨损性,硬支承表面涂层,软支承表面涂层,热障或热导,电绝缘体,耐磨性,低摩擦系数或不粘特性。
已知TiB2改进陶瓷刀具和其它元件的断裂韧性得到3000Kg/mm2的努氏硬度以及温度小于1000℃的优异抗氧化性。所有用于涂料组合物的润滑剂中,BN经常用于提供耐磨性同时保持耐腐蚀性。然而,在一些应用中,消费者不得不选择是获得BN提供的润滑性,还是不加BN时涂料组合物的韧性,还是减少BN数量得到期望的耐磨性。
US专利No.5,837,327公开一种包含烧结的TiB2粉末的热喷镀/等离子体喷镀涂料组合物。US专利No.5,007,962公开包含BN以及任选添加TiB2的涂料组合物,在浸渍、涂覆、喷漆或油漆应用中使用。US专利No.6,994,475公开包含固体润滑剂层的支承和涂料组合物,所述润滑剂层包含润滑剂如BN,石墨,或PTFE,任选与成分如TiB2,TiC等一起,与添加的“赋予期望的性能如对湿气的不敏感性和热稳定性”的任选成分一起。US专利No.5,026,422公开包含粉末的组合物,如用作基体上成膜涂层的含BN的组合物,其中可以向BN粉末添加TiB2粉末以提高BN沉积涂层的导电性或者可以向BN粉末添加AlN粉末以提高BN沉积涂层的导热性。
在制造镀金属舟(metallization boats)中,陶瓷材料的强化体被加工成成形的制品。然后空腔和凹槽被加工脱离成形制品形成镀金属舟。根据规格在精加工镀金属舟时,产生大量报废材料(scrap material)。此外,不符合规格的舟(对于一个制造商来说有>25个变量,参见http://www.advceramics.com/geac/products/intermetallic_boats/),包括电的需求和设计规格,也作为报废的材料废弃。在消费者的现场以及取决于舟的类型,在进行操作几小时以后,一些舟开始被熔融的金属腐蚀出现深槽,最终导致在舟中形成孔。当由于孔金属化基体中存在不均匀性时或由于金属溅射舟中存在孔时,舟通常被替代并废弃。
申请人已经注意到用于现有技术中耐磨涂料的组分通常被发现于耐腐蚀的镀金属舟中。申请人也注意到来自耐腐蚀镀金属舟的报废料以及使用过的镀金属舟大量废弃,以及有大量的应用需要镀金属舟中通常使用的材料。
在一个具体实施方式中,本发明涉及包含复合材料的涂料组合物,其中来自材料如BN的低摩擦(润滑)性和来自材料如TiB2的耐磨性(硬度)平衡结合。在第二个具体实施方式中,本发明涉及一种新颖的和创新的方法,回收来自镀金属舟(metallization boats)和/或侧封板(side dams)的报废材料,通过用废弃的制品制备有用的材料,如粉碎大小为1至1000微米的研磨颗粒,用于采用硬材料如TiB2和粉末的固体润滑剂如BN的涂料组合物,两种组分通常被发现于镀金属舟(metallization boats)和侧封板(side dams)产生的报废材料中。
发明内容
发明涉及一种TiB2和BN的复合粉末涂布滚动(rolling)或摩擦部件接触面的方法,金属基体包含镍,铬,铁,钴,铝及其合金中的至少一种,其中制备复合粉末,包括加热在金属基体中的复合体TiB2-BN混合物至850℃和1600℃之间形成TiB2与BN之比为1:7至20:1的烧结复合体,然后把烧结的复合体粉碎至平均粒度为10至200μm。
在另一方面,本发明涉及在接触面上使用的涂料组合物,包括金属基体的化合粉末(compound powder),金属基体选自镍,铬,铁,钴,钨,铝及其合金,以及TiB2和BN的复合粉末(composite powder),其中TiB2与BN之比为1:7至20:1。
另一方面,本发明涉及涂料的用途,用于发动机部件,支承表面(bearingsurface),成型器械(forming tools),武器部件,挤出机部件等,要求改进的耐磨性和摩擦改进性能,其中组合物包括中值粒度(median particle size)为1至1000μm的固体颗粒,如由废弃的耐腐蚀陶瓷材料回收的颗粒,包括:a)TiB2,ZrB2,TiN,SiC,Cr3C2及其混合物的至少一种;和b)BN,AlN,Si3N4,稀土金属化合物的氮化物,氧化铝,二氧化硅,氧化硼,氧氮化硼,稀土金属化合物的氧化物,碱土金属的氧化物及其混合物的至少一种。
最后,发明涉及滑动或滚动或磨损或冲击部件(sliding or rolling orfretting or impacting members),其具有基体和至少一个包含化合粉末混合物的涂层,其包含选自镍,铬,铁,钴,铝及其合金的金属基体和TiB2与BN的复合粉末,TiB2与BN之比为1:7至20:1,其中涂层包括来自回收/废弃制品如舟和侧封板(side dams)的陶瓷材料,此材料平均初级粒子大小为1至1000μm。
具体实施方式
本文所使用的,术语“第一”,“第二”等不表示次序和重要性,只是用于把一种要素与另一种要素区别开,术语“the”“a”和“an”不表示数量限制,只是表示存在至少一个相关项。而且,这里公开的所有范围都包括端点而且是独立可结合的。
本文所使用的,近似的措辞可以用于修饰任何定量表述,所述定量表述的变化不会导致与其相关的基本功能的变化。因此,被一个或多个术语,如“大约”和“基本上”修饰的数值,在某些条件下,不限于给定的精确数值。
本文所使用的,术语“镀金属舟”(metallization boat)可以与“耐火舟”(refractory boat),“蒸发舟”(evaporation boat),“蒸发器”“蒸发舟”(evaporator boat),“用于金属蒸发的舟”,或简单地“容器”或“舟”互换使用,表示包含陶瓷复合体的金属化热源。
本文所使用的,热喷镀涂层或火焰喷涂涂层是通过熔融粒子或软化粒子在基底上形成涂层的方法制备而成的涂层。在一个具体实施方式中,粒子在施涂到表面以后软化。在另一个具体实施方式中,粒子在施涂到表面之前软化。
组分A-包含TiB 2 和BN的复合粉末:此处所使用的,术语“复合材料”可以与“复合粉末”互换使用,表示一种粉末,其中每个粒子包括两种或多种结合在一起(不同于粉末混合物)的不同材料,其中得到的粉末或材料的物理或化学性能不同于两种或多种不同材料混合物的性能,如包含TiB2和BN的复合粉末的性能明显不同于TiB2与BN混合物的性能。在本发明中,本发明的包含TiB2和BN复合粉末的涂料组合物的性能完全不同于现有技术中涂料组合物的性能,其可以包括TiB2和/或BN,以及任选添加其它组分。
二硼化钛(TiB2)本质上具有优良的硬度和高导热和导电性,但是具有中等的断裂韧性和弯曲强度。BN本质上显示为优异的化学性能,热性能,机械性能和电学性能的基体,包括优良的润滑性能,改进的耐热震性,以及抗熔融金属侵蚀性。然而,BN不大的硬度限制了其在要求摩擦的领域,特别是在高磨料负荷下的应用。本发明的涂料组合物使用TiB2和BN复合体。以TiB2和BN复合体生产的涂料的性能优于以仅仅混合粉末而未经烧结制得的涂料的性能。本发明的涂料显示了两种材料最好性能的平衡结合。
在一个具体实施方式中,包含BN和TiB2的复合粉末由新料制备而成,如,由许多来源商购的原料。在第二个具体实施方式中,复合粉末包含来自废弃耐腐蚀陶瓷材料如蒸发舟或侧封板的材料。由于回收材料包含BN和TiB2二者以及具有在1至1000μm可控范围的粉碎粒度,其可在许多应用中替代BN和TiB2的新混合物使用。
包含TiB2和BN组分的复合粉末占涂料组合物最终重量的5至60wt%。在一个具体实施方式中,该量为组合物的10至50.wt%。在第二个具体实施方式中,该量为15至45wt.%。在第三个具体实施方式中,该量为组合物的25至45wt%。在一个具体实施方式中TiB2与BN之比为1:7至20:1。在第二个具体实施方式中,该比例为1:6至9:1。在第三个具体实施方式中,该比例为1:5至8:1。
在一个具体实施方式中,复合粉末组合物包含35-80.wt%BN和20-80wt.%TiB2。在另一个具体实施方式中,复合粉末组合物包含40-65wt.%BN和25-65wt.%TiB2
在一个具体实施方式中,复合体大小为10至800μm,在第二个具体实施方式中为20至500μm。在第三个具体实施方式中,复合体平均初级粒子大小为3至10μm。
在一个具体实施方式中,复合粉末的BET表面积为0.1至20.0m2/g。在第二个具体实施方式中,复合粉末的BET表面积为1至10.0m2/g。此处所使用的,表面积是通过以下方法得到的数值:Brunauer,Emmett和Teller,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,60,309(1938),以B.E.T.表面积表示。
在一个具体实施方式中,复合粉末产物的机械强度>50Mpa。在第二个具体实施方式中,复合粉末产物的机械强度>100Mpa,在第三个具体实施方式中,机械强度<500Mpa。
在一个具体实施方式中,复合粉末的分散指数为0.05至0.9。在第二个具体实施方式中,粉末的分散指数为0.1至0.7。
视涂料组合物的最终性能和期望的最终用途而定,复合粉末还可以包含任选的组分。在一个具体实施方式中,组合物还包含至少一种导电组分,其选自Zr、Al、Cr的硼化物及其混合物,和钨、Si、Ti和Cr的碳化物及其混合物。而在第三个具体实施方式中,复合粉末还可以包含金属氮化物,金属碳化物和金属氧化物。在一个具体实施方式中,复合体还包含至少一种非导电组分如氮化铝,氮化硅,稀土金属化合物的氮化物,氧化铝,二氧化硅,氧化硼,氧氮化硼,稀土金属化合物的氧化物,碱土金属的氧化物,及其混合物。而在另一个具体实施方式中,附加的组分是TiN。在第四个具体实施方式中,复合粉末中的任选组分是金属,金属合金,金属陶瓷或上述的粉末组合。在第五个具体实施方式中,BN和TiB2复合体还包含现有技术涂料组合物中的陶瓷材料,如硼化一钼粉,硼化二钼粉,一硼化铬粉,二硼化铬粉,二硼化锆粉,二硼化钽粉,碳化钨粉,碳化铬粉,碳化一钼粉,碳化二钼粉,钴粉,钴合金粉,铬粉,铬合金粉,钼粉,钼合金粉,钨粉,钨合金粉和金刚砂。
来自报废耐腐蚀陶瓷材料的包含BN和TiB 2 的复合粉末在制造镀金属舟(metallization boat)时,通常由以下方法制备舟:模制含有不同组分的混合物形成生坯,模压生坯或热压生坯,然后经过手工或自动方法包括带锯,研磨,放电加工(EDM),放电研磨(EDG),激光,等离子体,超声加工,喷砂和喷水等加工成期望的结构和/或尺寸。在所述方法中,报废材料以不同的方式,形状和尺寸来自不满足规定尺寸公差的大块或精加工的镀金属舟成品的锯屑型材料。当加工所期望尺寸公差的舟以后,对该舟通过许多其它规格进行检验,包括电阻率(resistivity),强度和其它物理性能特征使金属化体系变量最小化。在这些测试中失败的经加工的舟也作为报废材料废弃。在镀金属工艺领域,报废材料来自废弃的镀金属舟。来自上述工序如镀金属舟的制造的报废料,不符合规格废弃的舟,以及真空镀金属操作中用完的舟,可以被回收聚集起来,接着作为涂料组分用于本发明。
应当指出包含BN和TiB2的复合粉末的来源不限于废弃的或报废的镀金属舟(metallization boats)。其它的来源是可行的,包括但不限废弃的或报废的侧封板(side dams)。侧封板(Side dams)是在连续铸钢和铸铝中使用的陶瓷部分,包含BN和TiB2和其它组分。在一个具体实施方式中,侧封板(sidedams)具有US专利Nos.5,336,454,5,401,696;和6,745,963中公开的组成。
报废和废弃的陶瓷源的组成舟或侧封板(side dams)的来源,即制造商而变化。通常,耐腐蚀组合物通常包含:a)导电组分如TiB2,二硼化锆,氮化钛,碳化硅,碳化铬以及所述物质的混合物;b)非导电组分如BN,氮化铝,氮化硅,稀土金属化合物的氮化物,氧化铝,二氧化硅,氧化硼,氧氮化硼,稀土金属化合物的氧化物,碱土金属的氧化物以及所述物质的混合物。BN是六方BN或无定形BN,或其混合物。
在一个具体实施方式中,BN和TiB2组分来自报废材料,其包含10-60wt.%BN,0至60wt.%至少一种AlN或SiN,和30至70wt.%至少一种TiB2,硼化锆,硼化铝,硼化铬,碳化硅,碳化钛和碳化铬。在另一个具体实施方式中,BN和TiB2组分来自回收的镀金属舟(metallization boats),其包含20至50wt.%TiB2;23.6至41wt.%B,主要以TiB2和BN形式提供;22.5至31wt.%氮,主要以BN形式提供;和0.3至1.5wt.%钙(Ca),主要以硼酸钙形式提供。而在另一个具体实施方式中,其中报废材料包含废弃的或使用过的镀金属舟(metallization boats),该材料可能还包括小于3wt.%的通常用于给镀金属舟(metallization boats)提供润湿增强和/或耐腐蚀性能的成分,如TiC,ZrC,HfC,VC,NbC,TaC,Cr3C2,Mo2C,WC,金属醇化物,硅醇化物,所述物质的复合物(compound),衍生物和混合物。
在一个具体实施方式中,报废料来自不同的来源由此具有不同的组成,具体地,分析来自不同批次的第一种代表性试样的化学组成并且根据其组成分成不同的批次。一个回收批次中的一些报废料可能与具有不同组成的批次混合,以致得到组成在指定范围的批次,用于具有所期望的成分组成的最终固体颗粒。
起初,来自相同收集批次或不同批次的材料可以任意地混合在一起,通过双锥混合器,V形混合器,鼓形混合器,超混合器,亨森混合器,诺塔混合器等。粉碎至最终的固体颗粒的尺寸降低可以通过结合了以下一种或多种的工艺来进行:压缩,碰撞,剪切力,使用本技术领域已知的设备如颚式破碎机,辊式破碎机,研磨机,可逆冲击机等的方法实现。精细部分的报废材料可以在研磨步骤研磨,使用本技术领域已知的工具,包括研磨机,如球磨机,砾磨机,棒磨机或管磨机,锤磨(冲击)机或盘磨(磨盘式磨碎机)机。研磨可以是单独干法研磨,单独湿法研磨(研磨包括研磨介质和研磨液体的混合物),或者二者结合,取决于回收批次中报废材料的成分组成以及包含BN和TiB2的最终复合粉末期望达到的性能。在研磨之后,复合粉末被分级,使用本技术领域已知的设备和方法,如连续离心装置或旋液分离器。此外,任何一个上述步骤都可以重复进行,为了使最终的复合粉末具有期望的成分组成和大小,如在1至1000μm之间。
来自新料的包含BN和TiB 2 的复合粉末。在一个具体实施方式中,复合粉末包含BN和TiB2的混合物,使用的氮化硼是六方的BN,可从许多来源商购,如,Momentive Performance Materials Inc.,Sintec Keramik,ESK,Kawasaki Chemicals,和St.Gobain Ceramics。在一个具体实施方式中,BN是表面处理过的或“涂覆的”以进一步赋予涂料期望的性能。BN表面涂覆材料的实例包括,但不限于,氧化铝,锆酸盐,铝酸锆,铝酸盐,硅烷及其混合物。BN粉末的大小取决于最终的应用。在一个具体实施方式中,BN平均粒度小于100μm。在第二个具体实施方式中,小于50μm,在第三个具体实施方式中,在5至50μm之间。在第四个具体实施方式中,在5至30μm之间。在第五个具体实施方式中,BN的大小小于1μm,即10至800nm纳米尺寸的粒子,在一个具体实施方式中,为10至100nm的粒子,可由本技术领域已知的方法制备,包括但不限于声处理或等离子体辅助脉冲激光沉积。
二硼化钛(TiB2)可从许多来源商购,如Momentive Performance MaterialsInc.,Prematech LLC,Reade Advanced Materials,和Ceradyne Corp。TiB2的大小取决于最终的涂覆应用。在一个具体实施方式中,TiB2的平均粒度<20μm。在第二个具体实施方式中,大小<15μm。在第三个具体实施方式中,大小<5μm。在第四个具体实施方式中,在经过本技术领域已知的高能球磨工序,声处理或其它工艺研磨以将陶瓷材料粉碎至纳米粒子大小之后,TiB2的大小小于100nm。
在一个具体实施方式中,复合TiB2-BN粉末通过加热TiB2-BN混合物至足以形成粘结块(coherent mass)而未熔融的温度而形成。而在另一个具体实施方式中,TiB2-BN复合体是作为涂料组合物单独的组分提供的,其中TiB2-BN的混合物被加热至足以形成粘结块而未熔融的温度。
而在另一个具体实施方式中,通过以下方式形成复合体:形成生坯,其理论密度(TD)为至少50%,包含TiB2-BN混合物,以及然后模压生坯。在一个具体实施方式中,生坯随后被加热至至少约1000℃的致密化温度以及在至少100Mpa压力下。在另一个具体实施方式中,生坯在1800至2200℃温度下和1至100Mpa压力下等热压(isostatically hot pressed)。而在另一个具体实施方式中,在0.5至200Mpa的单轴施压或低温等静压以后实行热压。在一个具体实施方式中,生坯通过在1000℃以上无压烧结而致密化。在另一个具体实施方式中,生坯通过方法如滑移浇铸,带式浇铸,短效模型浇铸(fugitive-mold casting)或离心浇铸而形成。在下一步中,生坯被粗糙地粉碎,使用本技术领域已知的用于粉碎的粉碎方法包括粉碎机,锤式粉碎机,羽状粉碎机(feather mill)等。在粉碎工序以后,粉碎地材料可以任选地直接送入研磨工序的研磨机中,或者先根据大小分级以使较大的碎块反向循环到粉碎工序,精细部分继续进入研磨工序。研磨可以是单独干法研磨,单独湿法研磨(研磨混合物包含研磨介质和研磨液体),或者二者的结合,这取决于待研磨材料的成分组成。
由反应过程生成的包含BN和TiB 2 的复合粉末:而在第三个具体实施方式中,复合粉末通过反应过程生成。生成复合粉末的反应过程的实例公开在US专利No.5,100,845中,其中将至少一种含钛化合物,至少一种含硼化合物,微粒碳和至少一种含氮化合物的混合物加热至升高的温度,如至少1400℃持续足够的时间以生产合成二硼化钛和氮化硼复合体混合物。
在一个具体实施方式中,BN和TiB2复合粉末由BN基体和钛源生成,BN基体是六方的BN,其可从许多来源商购。钛源可优选是任何可还原形式的钛,或者是经还原的钛源。因此,可还原的或还原的形式如TiO,TiO2,Ti2O3,Ti3O5,TiC,TiN,TiH2,Ti,和还原的卤化钛。在一个具体实施方式中,Ti源是TiO2。在一个具体实施方式中,还原剂可以用于还原钛源,如碳源,氢源如氢气或烃。
BN和TiB2复合粉末在一个具体实施方式中通过先混合和加热单独的反应物制备而成。混合可以通过本技术领域已知的干混法或湿混法完成。在一个具体实施方式中,实现密切混合以使平均反应物粒度小于大约20微米而且基本上没有大于大约50微米的不连续反应物区域。在下一步中,材料在足以生成BN和TiB2复合粉末的条件下反应。在一个具体实施方式中,在至少1000℃加热,如1200至约2000℃进行反应。而在另一个具体实施方式中,在惰性气氛或反应相容的气氛下进行加热,如存在氩气,氦气,氖气,氢气,一氧化碳,氙气,氪气及其混合物。
组分B-基体组分:此处所使用的,术语金属或金属的表示金属,金属合金,金属陶瓷,或上述物质的结合。在一个具体实施方式中,涂料组合物还至少包含涂料组合物重量1至95%的金属、金属合金或金属陶瓷粉末组分、高温聚合物及其混合物,其形成涂料组合物的基体。
在一个具体实施方式中,金属的组分是选自W,Co,Cr,Fe,Ni,Mo,Al,Si,Cu,Y,Ag,P,Zr,Hf,B,Ta,V,Nb及其混合物的金属粉末。在第二个具体实施方式中,含金属的组分与BN/TiB2形成复合体,用于粘附于待涂覆基体的涂层。在第三个具体实施方式中,含金属的组分是碳化钨金属陶瓷(WC-Co-Cr)。
在一个具体实施方式中,金属粉末是合金,其含有Ni,Cr,Ti,或Si的至少一种,其充分结合于钢基体。在第二个具体实施方式中,金属粉末包含10-25wt.%钼,55-70wt%的镍合金和5-25wt%的铬金属,碳化铬,碳化钼,碳化钨或其混合物。在第三个具体实施方式中,金属粉末包含熔点在约750-1000℃的合金金属,包括Ag,Cu,Mn,Cr和Si的至少一种。在第四种具体实施方式中,金属粉末是包含镍,钴和/或铁的自熔合金,其含有高达20%的铬和少量硼,硅和碳。在第五个具体实施方式中,金属粉末是用于高温应用的,包含至少0.5至约3%铪,余量选自镍,钴及其混合物。在第六个具体实施方式中,金属粉末包含30-70wt.%钼;1-40wt.%钴;和10-30wt.%Ni、Cr、Ti或Si的至少一种。
在一个具体实施方式中,代替金属组分,涂料组合物基体组分包含1至95%重量的高温聚合物,如选自聚酰亚胺,聚酰胺酰亚胺,聚酯酰亚胺,芳族塑料及其混合物的聚合物。
在一个具体实施方式中,除了金属基体组分,涂料组合物还包含1至30%重量的高温聚合物粒子,如选自聚酰亚胺,聚酰胺酰亚胺,聚酯酰亚胺,芳族塑料及其混合物的聚合物。
组分C-任选的粘结剂/其它组分:在一个具体实施方式中为了增加部件或元件上涂层的多孔性,在(火焰)热喷涂或等离子体喷涂工序之前,大小为1至200μm的粘结剂可以以1至30wt%的数量混入组合物材料。短效粘结剂被蒸发,烧尽或过滤以得到多孔和可渗透的涂层。粘结剂的实例包括合成的丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯树脂,热固化磷酸酯粘结剂,热固化硅酸钾粘结剂及其混合物。
取决于最终的应用,其它的组分也可以加入涂料组合物中。其它的组分,可以包含单峰或多峰的粒子,其尺寸分布小于聚集体的平均粒度,一种合适的任选组分可以是不溶解的碳如无烟煤,炭黑,石墨,碳纳米管,巴基球或上述物质的结合。其它附加的组分可以是润滑剂,助流剂,流动性助剂,分散剂,表面活性剂或消泡剂,在下面将对此进行讨论。其它附加的组分可以是其它类型的陶瓷或基体相以改变所得到的复合结构的性能。涂料组合物的可用添加剂的其它实例是固体润滑剂粒子如石墨,二硫化钼,氟化钙,膨润土,莫来石,在最终涂层结构中形成孔的试剂,或将增强最终涂料组合物摩擦性能的材料。在一个具体实施方式中,涂料组合物还包含金属或合金涂敷的固体润滑剂粒子,或由高温聚合物组成的粒子,大小为0.5至40μm,其中金属或聚合物可以与包含基体组分的材料相同或不同。
在一个具体实施方式中,涂料组合物还包含至少一种导电组分,其选自Zr、Al、Cr的硼化物及其混合物,钨、Si、Ti和铬的碳化物及其混合物。而在另一个具体实施方式中,涂料组合物还包括金属氮化物,金属碳化物和金属氧化物。在一个具体实施方式中,涂料组合物至少还包括非导电组分如氮化铝,氮化硅,稀土金属化合物的氮化物,氧化铝,二氧化硅,氧化硼,氧氮化硼,稀土金属化合物的氧化物,碱土金属的氧化物及其混合物。而在另一个具体实施方式中,附加的组分是TiN。
形成涂料组合物的方法:在本发明的一个具体实施方式中,涂料组合物在形成基体的金属或金属合金中包含氮化硼(BN)-二硼化钛(TiB2)的复合粒子。在第二个具体实施方式中,复合涂料组合物包含与金属或金属合金粉末聚集的粒子,每个聚集体包含大量的BN/TiB2复合粒子,对于与金属或金属合金粉末混合的复合粒子,在热喷涂工序中形成由金属和TiB2/BN组分组成的原位复合材料。而在另一个具体实施方式中,涂料组合物包含涂敷金属或金属合金粉末的BN/TiB2复合粒子,随后用于涂料施涂如热喷涂,浸渍,漆涂,刷涂,等离子体喷涂等等,其中在热喷涂,浸渍,漆涂,刷涂,等离子体喷涂等涂层工序中原位形成涂敷金属和/或合金的TiB2/BN复合材料。
在一个具体实施方式中,BN/TiB2复合体被混合了或涂敷了金属/金属陶瓷粉末,使用本技术领域已知的方法,包括一起干混,电化学涂布,流化床,CVD,或喷雾干燥BN/TiB2复合体和金属/金属陶瓷粉末,用于具有涂布了金属层的中心核的复合粒子。金属粉末涂布的BN/TiB2复合体通过本技术领域已知的热涂方法施涂到接触面上。在一个具体实施方式中,制备烧结的涂料粉末组合物,包括加热金属涂覆的BN/TiB2复合粉末至约850℃至1600℃,在一个具体实施方式中为1000℃至1400℃,持续一段时间足以保证至少10%合金金属扩散到BN/TiB2粒子中。在第二个具体实施方式中,复合粉末被加热至1000℃至1400℃。
在下一步中,烧结的产品被粉碎/研磨至期望的大小,这取决于在具体应用中所期望得到的性能。烧结的粉末通过爆炸喷涂或等离子体喷涂沉积在基体上形成涂层。
在一个具体实施方式中,通过混合TiB2-BN复合体与密封剂制备密封组合物,密封剂包含有机硅聚合物,其中进行陶瓷转换时碳硅烷键-(Si-C)-和/或硅氧烷键-(Si-O)-残留。通过在足够高的温度烧结BN和TiB2粉末的混合物或生坯以形成复合体而制备TiB2-BN复合体。然后混合物被粉碎/研磨形成主要包含BN/TiB2复合体的精细复合粉末,表面积为0.1至2.0m2/g和粒度在5至500μm之间。包含TiB2-BN复合体的组合物可以用在气溶胶罐中和通常的压缩气体如二氧化碳一起用于后续的喷涂应用。
在金属粉末被热喷涂到基体上形成第一个金属涂层以后,TiB2-BN密封组合物被施涂到金属涂层上,通过在金属基体上刷漆,浸涂或喷涂填充金属涂覆的空隙。在然后的加热步骤中,TiB2-BN复合体热分解和熔化进入金属基体中,形成TiB2-BN-金属复合体。
被本发明组合物涂覆的制品:在涂覆应用中,具有TiB2的复合粉末显示了优良的性能如高导热性,导电性,综合的硬度和强度,以及耐熔融金属侵蚀性。在包括但不限于涂层应用的不同的应用中,具有BN的复合粉末显示了BN固有的性能如电绝缘性,改进的耐热震性,耐熔融金属侵蚀性,高温稳定性和润滑性,其可以用于与某些材料(如PTFE,石墨,MoS2,WS2,MnS等)一起使用或替代这些材料。
涂料组合物适用于既要求改进的耐磨性又要求摩擦改进性能的应用,如涂布滑动、滚动或摩擦或冲击构件或部件。实例包括但不限于涂布应用,其要求改进的耐热震性,改进的非金属润湿性和改进的耐腐蚀性,如用于喷嘴的涂料;用于发动机部件的耐磨涂料;用于以下操作的成型器具的耐磨涂层,所述操作包括滚动,旋转,剪切,弯曲,拖拉,摇晃,锻造,铸造,挤出,注塑,压模,传递模塑,拖拉,以及层压将金属,塑料,弹性体,陶瓷和复合体形成成型物品;用于内燃或汽轮发动机部件的涂料;用于武器的涂料,如后膛,膛,阻气门,闪光消除器,气口的摩擦表面,或经受锁定,喷射,滑动,滚动,旋转,碰击或支承的任何武器部件;用于粉碎装置如研磨机,分级机,旋风分离器,筛子等的涂料。在一个具体实施方式中,涂料被施涂到涡轮机,阀门和门座,泵封层(pump seals),管道,风机叶片,导丝器,金属拉线导轮和心轴。
此处使用的,“基底”表示待涂的部件,构件或组件。待涂覆的基底材料选自金属,金属合金,金属陶瓷,陶瓷和玻璃,但是不仅限于上述物质。在一个具体实施方式中,高温热塑性塑料用作基底材料。用于待涂覆基底的金属材料的实例包括Al,Fe,Si,Cr,Zn,Zr,Ni及其合金。用于基底的陶瓷材料的实例包括金属氮化物,金属碳化物和金属氧化物如氧化铝,氮化铝,氮化硅和碳化硅。玻璃的实例包括石英玻璃。
施涂涂料组合物的方法。本发明的涂料组合物可以通过本技术领域已知的任何涂覆方法施涂,包括但不限于爆炸或等离子体喷涂沉积,高速燃烧喷涂(包括超音速喷气喷涂),火焰喷涂以及所谓的高速等离子体喷涂方法(包括低压或真空喷涂方法)。说明性的,非限制性的可以使用的等离子气体的实例包括氮气/氢气,氩气/氢气,氩气/氦气和氩气/氮气。对于热喷涂条件没有特殊的限制。
在一个具体实施方式中,在等离子体或燃烧火焰中,或在高速含氧燃料(HVOF)或高速含氧气体(HVAF)燃烧火焰中,涂料组合物被加热,然后将组合物通过喷射(prejection)沉积到表面上形成涂层。
在一个具体实施方式中,首先通过蚀刻或图案化,在涂覆之前产生粗糙区域的图案而制造基底。在任选的表面准备步骤以后,首先使用通常的喷枪将涂料喷涂到基底上而施涂热涂料。得到的涂层然后通过火焰喷灯或熔炉加热,例如加热至950℃,加热足够的时间以使涂层聚结。
而在另一个具体实施方式中,施涂热涂料通过加热待涂布的基底,以使当含BN/TiB2复合体的涂料沉积在基底上时,涂料足以被加热至扩散以及留在基底上形成涂层。
在一个具体实施方式中,包含TiB2-BN复合体的涂料可以被刷涂或喷涂到基底上或者基底可以被浸在组合物中生成粘附的粉末涂层。本发明的含粉末的组合物也可以在气溶胶罐中和通常的压缩气体如二氧化碳一起使用。在此具体实施方式中,新颖的含粉末的组合物从气溶胶罐直接分散到基底表面上形成粉末的粘结涂层,其将保留在基底上。在溶胶应用中使用的任何合适的压缩气体可以与本发明的含粉末的组合物一起使用。
而在一个具体实施方式中,TiB2-BN复合材料用于热基涂料中,尤其是如U.S.专利No.5,837,327中公开的在金属或金属合金(M)基体中含50vol.%TiB2硬相粒子的TiB2-M基涂料。在一个具体实施方式中,粉碎的TiB2-BN复合粉末用于金属膜记录介质的保护性涂料组合物,如US专利No.5,454,168中所公开的。材料中固有存在的BN给所述涂料带来增加的价值如增加的润滑性,耐腐蚀性,摩擦性能,由于其内在的润滑特性延长了被保护部分的寿命。
而在另一个具体实施方式中,TiB2-BN复合粉末可以混合到耐腐蚀的涂料中,电镀或化学镀应用,按照US专利申请No.2005/0112399公开的组合物,与涡轮构件一起使用。在一个具体实施方式中,TiB2-BN复合材料用在组合物中,其包含陶瓷涂料和难熔金属的合金,本发明的TiB2和BN的混合物对涂料提供增加的性能润滑性和增加的硬度,TiB2/BN复合粉末混合物包含35-80wt.%的BN和20-80wt.%的TiB2,平均粒度小于100μm。
在另一个具体实施方式中,TiB2-BN复合材料可以用在摩擦的热喷涂涂料中,其具有许多BN微细粒子和金属或金属合金的微细粒子,根据US专利No.5,049,450和US专利申请No.2005/0155454中公开的涂料。而在另一个具体实施方式中,它们可以用于热喷涂粉末,根据US专利申请No.2004/0194662中公开的内容,TiB2与陶瓷材料一起使用或替代陶瓷材料,如ZrB2,碳化硼,SiC,TiC,WC和金刚砂。
在一个具体实施方式中,TiB2-BN复合体用于热喷涂涂料,其中形成基体的金属,金属合金或高温聚合物以在复合粉末上的包层金属的形式存在。在一个具体实施方式中,金属涂覆的TiB2-BN复合体用于热喷涂涂料,其包含金属覆盖的TiB2-BN复合体粒子和未覆盖的TiB2-BN复合体粒子或其它任选的润滑剂粒子的混合物。在第二个具体实施方式中,形成基体的金属合金选自金属Ni,Co,Cu,Fe,Al及其组合及其合金,如NiCrAl,NiCr,CuAl和AlSi,如US专利公开No.20050287390A1和US专利No.5702769中所公开的。
在一个具体实施方式中基底表面上的涂层厚度为50至500μm。在第二个具体实施方式中,为150至300μm。在第三个具体实施方式中,厚度>500μm。应当指出大于500μm厚的涂层可能太厚有分层的危险。
在一个具体实施方式中,涂层的表面粗糙度高达60μm,在第二个具体实施方式中达到20μm。
实施例 以下给出本发明作为说明,而非限制性的实施例。
实施例1.将包含45wt.%氮化硼和65wt.%-二硼化钛的理论密度为60%的生坯加热至致密化温度1400℃以及大约100MPa压力以使其理论密度为至少90%。使用锤式粉碎机然后使用盘式(磨盘式磨碎机)粉碎机将生坯粉碎成较小的碎片。粉碎的粉末被筛选如通过Tyler网筛得到平均粒度为15-30μm的复合粉末。粉末与含12wt.%硅的铝精细粉末混合。有机粘结剂(UCARLatex 879)混入金属和复合粉末中形成浆料。加热混合物至大约150℃并且搅拌混合直至材料干燥形成凝结的粉末。然后筛选40至210μm大小的粉末。用等离子体喷枪将粉末喷涂到基底上得到30μm的涂层。
本文涉及的所有文献在此特意结合引作参考。

Claims (28)

1.用于接触面的涂料组合物,其包含总计5至60wt%的平均初级粒子大小为1至1000μm的复合粉末,余量为形成基体的金属,金属合金或高温聚合物;
其中复合粉末包含TiB2与BN之比为1∶7至20∶1的TiB2和BN;所述复合粉末是指一种粉末,其中每个粒子包括两种或多种结合在一起的不同粒子,并且其不同于粉末混合物。
2.权利要求1所述的涂料组合物,其中复合粉末的BET表面积为0.1至20.0m2/g。
3.权利要求1所述的涂料组合物,其中形成基体的金属合金是选自W,Co,Cr,Fe,Ni,Mo,Al,Si,Cu,Y,Ag,P,Zr,Hf,B,Ta,V,Nb及其合金的合金。
4.权利要求1所述的涂料组合物,其中形成基体的金属选自Ni,Co,Fe以及上述物质的合金。
5.权利要求1所述的涂料组合物,其中形成基体的高温聚合物选自聚酰亚胺,聚酰胺酰亚胺,聚酯酰亚胺,芳族塑料以及上述物质的混合物。
6.权利要求1所述的涂料组合物,其中形成基体的金属合金还包括选自聚酰亚胺,聚酰胺酰亚胺,聚酯酰亚胺,芳族塑料及其混合物的高温聚合物,高温聚合物的用量为组合物的1至30wt%。
7.权利要求1所述的涂料组合物,其中复合粉末包含TiB2与BN之比为1∶6至9∶1的TiB2和BN。
8.权利要求7所述的涂料组合物,其中复合粉末包含TiB2与BN之比为1∶5至8∶1的TiB2和BN。
9.权利要求2所述的涂料组合物,其中复合粉末的BET表面积为0.3至7.0m2/g。
10.权利要求1所述的涂料组合物,其中复合粉末的平均初级粒子大小为10至800μm。
11.权利要求1所述的涂料组合物,其中复合粉末的平均初级粒子大小为3至10μm。
12.权利要求10所述的涂料组合物,其中复合粉末的平均初级粒子大小为20至500μm。
13.权利要求1所述的涂料组合物,其中复合粉末的机械强度>50MPa。
14.权利要求1所述的涂料组合物,其中复合粉末来自报废镀金属舟、报废侧封板及其混合物中的一种。
15.权利要求1所述的涂料组合物,其中复合粉末来自报废材料,其包含:
10-60wt.%BN;
1至60wt.%TiB2
0至60wt.%Al、Si、Fe、Co、Ni元素的氮化物及其混合物中的至少一种;和
30至70wt.%至少一种材料,所述材料选自Ti、Zr、Al、Cr的硼化物及其混合物,Si、Ti和Cr的碳化物及其混合物。
16.权利要求15的组合物,用于涂布包含基体金属的滑移或滚动或腐蚀或冲击构件的至少部分表面。
17.权利要求15所述的组合物,用于涂布喷嘴,发动机部件,成型器械,内燃机元件,燃气轮机元件,武器部件以及粉碎装置中使用的元件。
18.权利要求1所述的涂料组合物,其中复合粉末来自报废材料,其包含:
TiB2和BN,
氮化铝和氮化硅中的至少一种;
选自W、Fe、Co、Nb、Mo、Hf、V和Ta的至少一种金属;和
至少一种氧化物,所述氧化物选自CaO、MgO、Al2O3、TiO3、Y2O3、Al5Y3O12、AlYO3和Al2Y4O7,及其复合物和混合物。
19.权利要求1所述的涂料组合物,其中复合粉末还包含镍、铬、铁、钴、铝及其合金的至少一种。
20.制备接触面上的涂层的方法,包括下列步骤:
提供涂料组合物,涂料组合物包含平均初级粒子大小为1至1000μm的复合粉末,余量为形成基体的金属合金或高温聚合物;其中复合粉末包含TiB2与BN之比为1∶7至20∶1的TiB2和BN粉末混合物;所述复合粉末是指一种粉末,其中每个粒子包括两种或多种结合在一起的不同粒子,并且其不同于粉末混合物;
将涂料组合物热沉积到接触面上。
21.权利要求20所述的方法,其中提供包含BN和TiB2复合粉末的涂料组合物的步骤还包括下列步骤:
通过加热混合物至850℃与1600℃之间形成烧结的复合体,将TiB2和BN复合粉末与选自镍、铬、铁、钴、铝及其合金的粉末组分烧结。
22.用于接触面的涂料组合物,该组合物包含:
化合粉末混合物,其包含选自镍,铬,铁,钴,铝,钨及其合金的金属基体和TiB2与BN复合粉末;
其中金属组分占最终涂料组合物的40至95wt.%,TiB2与BN复合粉末中TiB2与BN之比为1∶7至20∶1;所述复合粉末是指一种粉末,其中每个粒子包括两种或多种结合在一起的不同粒子,并且其不同于粉末混合物。
23.用于热喷涂应用的复合粉末,平均粒径为1至1000μm,包含比例为1∶7至20∶1的TiB2和BN;所述复合粉末是指一种粉末,其中每个粒子包括两种或多种结合在一起的不同粒子,并且其不同于粉末混合物。
24.权利要求23所述的复合粉末,其中复合粉末的BET表面积为0.1至20.0m2/g。
25.权利要求23所述的复合粉末,其中复合粉末包含TiB2与BN之比为1∶6至9∶1的TiB2和BN。
26.权利要求23所述的复合粉末,其中复合粉末的平均初级粒子大小为10至800μm。
27.权利要求23所述的复合粉末,其中复合粉末的机械强度>50MPa。
28.权利要求23所述的复合粉末,其中复合粉末来自至少一种回收制品,所述制品选自报废镀金属舟,报废侧封板及其混合物。
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