CN104030690B - 一种氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104030690B
CN104030690B CN201410253601.3A CN201410253601A CN104030690B CN 104030690 B CN104030690 B CN 104030690B CN 201410253601 A CN201410253601 A CN 201410253601A CN 104030690 B CN104030690 B CN 104030690B
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cbn
powder
tib2
cubic boron
boron nitride
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CN104030690A (zh
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张建峰
吴玉萍
洪晟
郭文敏
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Hohai University HHU
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Priority to PCT/CN2014/080949 priority patent/WO2015188404A1/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种氮化钛·二硼化钛·立方氮化硼复合材料的制备方法,以钛粉和立方氮化硼原料,采用行星球磨方法混料,然后通过湿混、烘干、过筛、高温真空炉预烧、冷等静压成型、高温烧结等步骤制备出氮化钛·二硼化钛·立方氮化硼复合材料。本发明的方法操作简单,成本低廉,工艺条件容易控制,且通过相反应实现各生成相之间的均匀分散,能够获得具有高致密度和高力学性能的氮化钛·二硼化钛·立方氮化硼陶瓷基复合材料。

Description

一种氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于材料加工工程中的反应烧结成型领域,具体涉及一种氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
氮化钛(TiN)、二硼化钛(TiB2)及碳化钛(TiC)等都具有高硬度、高抗磨损性以及良好的高温抗氧化性等,因此经常被用作刀具材料及耐磨部件等。为进一步提高其硬度和耐磨损性能,满足高速切削的要求,有研究者采用立方氮化硼等材料作为添加相制备复合材料。立方氮化硼是硬度仅次于金刚石的第二硬材料,常用作磨料和刀具材料。上世纪50年代左右,美国、南非、前苏联和日本等国家利用人造金刚石微粉和人造cBN(立方氮化硼)微粉烧结成尺寸较大的聚晶块作为刀具材料。70年代初又推出了cBN和硬质合金的复合片,它们是在硬质合金基体上烧结或压制一层0.5mm~1mm的PCD或PcBN而成,从而解决了超硬刀具材料抗弯强度低、镶焊困难等问题,使超硬刀具的应用进入实用阶段。1980年,GE公司的Wentorf等人在Science杂志报道了他们在烧结金刚石与cBN材料方面取得的成果(Science,208(1980)873-880),即采用超高压条件烧结制备了致密的金刚石-cBN材料。2013年1月,燕山大学的田永君教授在Nature杂志发表学术论文(Nature,493(2013)385-388),进一步使用类似洋葱结构的氮化硼微粒制备出了纳米等级的立方氮化硼,硬度已超越金刚石,成为世界上最硬的物质。目前,cBN刀具材料的制备主要用cBN微粉和结合剂(如Co、Al、Ti和TiN等),在压力为4~8GPa、温度为1300~1900℃的条件下烧结而成,制备成本高,产量低,且制品形状大小受到限制。另外,cBN刀具也有使用上的一些局限,如其脆性较大、强度和韧性较差,不适用于冲击负荷下的间断表面加工。使用cBN作为硬质相提高其他刀具材料的硬度、韧性等性能,成为最近人们关心的热点问题。而超硬cBN相的引入不仅会显著提高TiN-TiB2复合材料的硬度和耐磨损,其本身在复合材料中作为超硬粒子,引发裂纹偏转从而可以进一步提高材料的韧性。
目前,为制备含cBN相的复合材料,大多使用干混或球磨方法混料,然后进行加压烧结。如Rong等人将cBN、TiN、Al三种粉末在玛瑙研钵中干混1~2小时,然后进行高压烧结(Diamond and Related Materials11(2002)280-286)。 张锐等人在其授权专利中(授权公告号,CN101560624B),将立方氮化硼及结合剂混合后球磨,球磨时间比为4~20小时;球磨后干燥过筛,冷压成型并进行烧结得到成品。这类混合方法难以达到各相之间的均匀分散,且即使有烧结助剂,烧结温度也普遍较高,易引起cBN相向六方氮化硼(hBN)转变。六方氮化硼(hBN)为软相,晶体结构和硬度类似于石墨,因此cBN向hBN的相变将引起材料硬度的降低和切削性能的恶化。另外相变所带来的体积变化同时会导致材料致密度的降低,也会引发刀具材料耐磨损性能的降低,从而导致其使用寿命进一步缩短。日本的Yoshida等人(Journal of Materials Research,1997,12(3),pp585-588)采用融盐法在cBN包覆了一层TiN-TiB2涂层,然后在1450℃左右5.5GPa的压力下烧结30分钟获得了TiN-TiB2-cBN(氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼)复合材料,但这种方法处理周期长,步骤复杂,且融盐对实验者有较大的毒害性。
发明内容
本发明提出一种氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料及制备方法,以解决现有制备方法中存在的步骤复杂且分散不均匀的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提出了一种氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)采用Ti粉(钛粉)和cBN粉(立方氮化硼粉)为原料,利用原位反应制备氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料,反应方程式如下:
( 1 - x ) Ti + 2 + x 3 cBN → 2 ( 1 - x ) 3 TiN + ( 1 - x ) 3 TiB 2 + xcBN - - - ( I )
其中,x为cBN的摩尔含量,Ti粉和cBN粉的重量根据下述公式计算得出:
V TiN = ( 1 - V cBN ) × ( 2 × M TiN ρ TiN 2 × M TiN ρ TiN + M TiB 2 ρ TiB 2 ) , - - - ( II )
V TiB 2 = ( 1 - V cBN ) × ( M TiB 2 ρ TiB 2 2 × M TiN ρ TiN + M TiB 2 ρ TiB 2 ) - - - ( III )
W Ti = W × V TiN × ρ TiN × M Ti M TiN + V TiB 2 × ρ TiB 2 × M Ti M TiB 2 V TiN × ρ TiN + V TiB 2 × ρ TiB 2 + V cBN × ρ cBN - - - ( IV )
WcBN=W-WTi   (V) 
其中,VcBN VTiN和VTiB2分别为产物cBN、产物TiN和产物TiB2的体积含量,WTi和WcBN分别为原料钛粉和原料cBN的重量,MTiN、MTiB2和MTi分别为TiN、TiB2和Ti的摩尔分子量,ρcBN、ρTiN和ρTiB2分别为产物cBN、产物TiN和产物TiB2的理论密度;
称取上述计算量的Ti粉和cBN粉,采用行星球磨方法混料,然后加入溶剂中进行湿混得到浆料,然后将所得到的湿混浆料在旋转烘干仪中烘干,过筛后得到均匀分散的原料混合粉体;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合粉体在高温真空炉中预烧3次;
(3)将步骤(2)中预烧后的粉体冷等静压成型,然后进行高压烧结;
(4)待步骤(3)中的高压烧结结束后,使高温真空炉降到常温常压,取出样品即得。
其中,Ti粉原料的粒径≤10μm,纯度≥98%;cBN粉原料的粒径为1~10μm,纯度≥99%。
作为优选,Ti粉原料的粒径为5μm,纯度≥98%;cBN粉原料的粒径为6μm,纯度≥99%。
作为优选,Ti粉原料的粒径为5μm,纯度≥98%;cBN粉原料的粒径为10μm,纯度≥99%。
作为优选,Ti粉原料的粒径为10μm,纯度≥98%;cBN粉原料的粒径为1μm,纯度≥99%。
作为优选,Ti粉原料的粒径为2μm,纯度≥98%;cBN粉原料的粒径为5μm,纯度≥99%。
作为优选,Ti粉原料的粒径为2μm,纯度≥98%;cBN粉原料的粒径为1μm,纯度≥99%。
具体地,步骤(1)中,行星球磨方法混料的条件为:转速为100~300rpm,球料重量比为3∶1~5∶1,球磨时间为12~24h。
步骤(1)中,湿混中使用的溶剂为酒精或丙酮。
步骤(1)中,湿混浆料在旋转烘干仪中烘干的条件为:100~150℃下烘干 2~5h。
步骤(1)中,烘干后的湿混浆料过50~200目筛。
步骤(2)中,每次预烧的条件为:在700~900℃下烧1.5~2h,然后将粉体研磨。
步骤(3)中,室温下冷等静压成型的条件为0.2~0.5GPa。
步骤(3)中,高压烧结的条件为:以3~10℃/min的速度升温至1200~1500℃,然后在4~8GPa的压力下,保温1~3h。
本发明采用金属钛粉和cBN作为起始粉料,提供了一种操作简单、工艺条件容易控制的制备方法。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,(1)本发明采用Ti粉和cBN粉为原料并合理采用不同粒径的原料和配比,利用原位反应制备氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料,能够通过相反应实现各生成相之间的均匀分散,解决了材料抗冲击性差等问题;(2)钛粉和立方氮化硼之间的原位反应,使得立方氮化硼和氮化钛及二硼化钛之间的界面结合力强,提高了复合材料的强度等力学性能;(3)钛粉和立方氮化硼粉体直接的放热反应提供了额外热量,使得材料的致密化能够在较低温度下进行,降低了能耗和制备成本。
附图说明
图1采用实施例1制备出的氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料的XRD图谱。
具体实施方式
本发明以钛粉(纯度大于98%,粒径小于10μm)和立方氮化硼(纯度99%左右,平均粒径为1~10μm)原料,采用Ti粉和cBN粉为原料,利用原位反应制备所需氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料。反应方程如下:
( 1 - x ) Ti + 2 + x 3 cBN → 2 ( 1 - x ) 3 TiN + ( 1 - x ) 3 TiB 2 + xcBN - - - ( I )
其中,x为cBN的摩尔含量,Ti粉和cBN粉的重量根据下述公式计算得出:
V TiN = ( 1 - V cBN ) × ( 2 × M TiN ρ TiN 2 × M TiN ρ TiN + M TiB 2 ρ TiB 2 ) , - - - ( II )
V TiB 2 = ( 1 - V cBN ) × ( M TiB 2 ρ TiB 2 2 × M TiN ρ TiN + M TiB 2 ρ TiB 2 ) - - - ( III )
W Ti = W × V TiN × ρ TiN × M Ti M TiN + V TiB 2 × ρ TiB 2 × M Ti M TiB 2 V TiN × ρ TiN + V TiB 2 × ρ TiB 2 + V cBN × ρ cBN - - - ( IV )
WcBN=W-WTi   (V) 
其中,VcBNVTiN和VTiB2分别为产物cBN、产物TiN和产物TiB2的体积含量,WTi和WcBN分别为原料钛粉和原料cBN的重量,MTiN、MTiB2和MTi分别为TiN、TiB2和Ti的摩尔分子量,ρcBN、ρTiN和ρTiB2分别为产物cBN、产物TiN和产物TiB2的理论密度。
下述各实施例中的计算方法均采用此法。
实施例1
将市售钛粉(纯度大于99%,粒径为5μm)和立方氮化硼(纯度99%,平均粒径为10μm),按照最终产物中cBN体积含量为20%设计配比,进行原料粉体称量,其中钛粉6.33g,立方氮化硼粉3.67g。采用行星球磨方法混料,转速为100rpm,球料重量比为5∶1,球磨时间为12h,在酒精中湿混。将所得到的湿混浆料在旋转烘干仪中烘干10h,最后过200目筛获得均匀分散的原料混合粉体;将所述原料混合粉体在高真空炉中预烧3次,每次预烧先在700℃下烧2h,然后将粉体均匀研磨,如此完成1次预烧,重复上述步骤2次,完成3次预烧。将预烧研磨后的粉体进行0.5GPa冷压成型,然后进行高压烧结,即以5℃/min的速度升温至1200℃,然后在4GPa的压力下保温1h。烧结实验结束后,降温降压,取出样品,由此所获得的氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料中立方氮化硼的体积含量为20%。
实施例2
将市售钛粉(纯度98.5%,粒径为2μm)和立方氮化硼(纯度99%,平均粒径为5μm),按照最终产物中cBN体积含量为30%设计配比,进行原料粉体称量,钛粉和立方氮化硼的总质量为10g,其中钛粉5.72g,立方氮化硼粉4.28g,采用行星球磨方法混料,转速为200rpm,球料重量比为5∶1,球磨时间为24h,在丙酮中湿混。所得到的湿混浆料在旋转烘干仪中烘干10h,最后过200目筛获得 均匀分散的原料混合粉体;将所述原料混合粉体在高真空炉中预烧3次,每次预烧先在800℃下烧1.5h,然后将粉体均匀研磨,如此完成1次预烧,重复上述步骤2次,完成3次预烧。将预烧研磨后的粉体进行0.5GPa冷压成型,然后进行高压烧结,即以8℃/min的速度升温至1300℃,然后在5GPa的压力下保温2h。烧结实验结束后,降温降压,取出样品。由此所获得的复合材料中立方氮化硼的体积含量为30%。
实施例3
将市售钛粉(纯度99%,粒径为1μm)和立方氮化硼(纯度99%,平均粒径为6μm),按照最终产物中cBN体积含量为45%设计配比,进行原料粉体称量,钛粉和立方氮化硼的总质量为10g,其中钛粉4.73g,立方氮化硼粉5.27g。采用行星球磨方法混料,转速为200rpm,球料重量比为5∶1,球磨时间为24h,在酒精或者丙酮中湿混。所得到的湿混浆料在旋转烘干仪中烘干10h,最后过200目筛获得均匀分散的原料混合粉体;将所述原料混合粉体在高真空炉中预烧3次,每次预烧先在900℃下烧2h,然后将粉体均匀研磨,如此完成1次预烧,重复上述步骤2次,完成3次预烧。将预烧研磨后的粉体进行0.4GPa冷压成型,然后进行高压烧结,即以10℃/min的速度升温至1400℃,然后在6GPa的压力下保温3h。烧结实验结束后,降温降压,取出样品。由此所获得的复合材料中立方氮化硼的理论含量为45%。
实施例4
将市售钛粉(纯度99%,粒径为2μm)和立方氮化硼(纯度99%,平均粒径为1μm),按照最终产物中cBN体积含量为60%设计配比,进行原料粉体称量,钛粉和立方氮化硼的总质量为10g,其中钛粉3.63g,立方氮化硼粉6.37g。采用行星球磨方法混料,转速为300rpm,球料重量比为5∶1,球磨时间为24h,在酒精或者丙酮中湿混。所得到的湿混浆料在旋转烘干仪中烘干10h,最后过200目筛获得均匀分散的原料混合粉体;将所述原料混合粉体在高真空炉中预烧3次,每次预烧先在800℃下烧1.5h,然后将粉体均匀研磨,如此完成1次预烧,重复上述步骤2次,完成3次预烧。将预烧研磨后的粉体进行0.3GPa冷压成型,然后进行高压烧结,即以5℃/min的速度升温至1400℃,然后在7GPa的压力下保温2h。烧结实验结束后,降温降压,取出样品。由此所获得的复合材料中立 方氮化硼的理论含量为60%。
实施例5
将市售钛粉(纯度99%,粒径为2μm)和立方氮化硼(纯度99%,平均粒径为1μm),按照最终产物中cBN体积含量为70%设计配比,进行原料粉体称量,钛粉和立方氮化硼的总质量为10g,其中钛粉2.83g,立方氮化硼粉7.17g。采用行星球磨方法混料,转速为200rpm,球料重量比为5∶1,球磨时间为24h,在酒精或者丙酮中湿混。所得到的湿混浆料在旋转烘干仪中烘干10h,最后过200目筛获得均匀分散的原料混合粉体;将所述原料混合粉体在高真空炉中预烧3次,每次预烧先在800℃下烧2h,然后将粉体均匀研磨,如此完成1次预烧,重复上述步骤2次,完成3次预烧。将预烧研磨后的粉体进行0.5GPa冷压成型,然后进行高压烧结,即以8℃/min的速度升温至1500℃,然后在8GPa的压力下保温2h。烧结实验结束后,降温降压,取出样品。由此所获得的复合材料中立方氮化硼的体积含量为70%。
表1实施例1-5的TiN-TiB2-cBN复合材料的致密度、硬度、韧性和强度等。
综上所述,本发明采用Ti粉和cBN粉为原料并合理采用不同粒径的原料和配比,利用原位反应制备氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料,能够通过相反应实现各生成相之间的均匀分散;钛粉和立方氮化硼之间的原位反应,使得立方氮化硼和氮化钛及二硼化钛之间的界面结合力强,提高了复合材料的强度等力学性能;钛粉和立方氮化硼粉体直接的放热反应提供了额外热量,使得材料的致密化能够在较低温度下进行,降低了能耗和制备成本。

Claims (6)

1.一种氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)采用Ti粉和cBN粉为原料,利用原位反应制备氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料,反应方程式如下:
其中,x为cBN的摩尔含量,Ti粉和cBN粉的重量根据下述公式计算得出:
WcBN=W-WTi             (V) 
其中,VcBN VTiN和VTiB2分别为产物cBN、产物TiN和产物TiB2的体积含量,WTi和WcBN分别为原料Ti粉和原料cBN的重量,MTiN、MTiB2和MTi分别为TiN、TiB2和Ti的摩尔分子量,ρcBN、ρTiN和ρTiB2分别为产物cBN、产物TiN和产物TiB2的理论密度;
称取上述计算量的Ti粉和cBN粉,采用行星球磨方法混料,加入溶剂中进行湿混得到浆料,然后将所得到的湿混浆料在旋转烘干仪中烘干,过筛后得到均匀分散的原料混合粉体;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合粉体在高温真空炉中预烧3次,每次预烧的条件为:在700~900℃下烧1.5~2h,然后将粉体研磨;
(3)将步骤(2)中预烧后的粉体冷等静压成型,然后进行高压烧结,其中,冷等静压成型的条件为0.2~0.5GPa,高压烧结的条件为:以3~10℃/min的速度升温至1200~1500℃,然后在4~8GPa的压力下,保温1~3h;
(4)待步骤(3)中的高压烧结结束后,使高温真空炉降到常温常压,取出样品即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,Ti粉原料的粒径≤10μm,纯度≥98%,cBN粉原料的粒径为1~10μm,纯度≥99%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,行星球磨方法混料的条件为:转速为100~300rpm,球料重量比为3∶1~5∶1,球磨时间为12~24h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,湿混中使用的溶剂为酒精或丙酮。
5.根据权利要求1所述的氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,湿混浆料在旋转烘干仪中烘干的条件为:100~150℃下烘干2~5h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的氮化钛-二硼化钛-立方氮化硼复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,烘干后的湿混浆料过50~200目筛。
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