CN101014378A - 注射装置 - Google Patents

注射装置 Download PDF

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CN101014378A
CN101014378A CNA200580021619XA CN200580021619A CN101014378A CN 101014378 A CN101014378 A CN 101014378A CN A200580021619X A CNA200580021619X A CN A200580021619XA CN 200580021619 A CN200580021619 A CN 200580021619A CN 101014378 A CN101014378 A CN 101014378A
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蒂姆·巴罗-威廉斯
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    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/20—Automatic syringes, e.g. with automatically actuated piston rod, with automatic needle injection, filling automatically
    • A61M5/2033—Spring-loaded one-shot injectors with or without automatic needle insertion
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    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种注射装置(210)。外壳(212)容纳有注射器并包括将注射器从延伸位置偏压到回缩位置的复位弹簧(226)，在所述延伸位置中注射针(218)从外壳中伸出，在所述回缩位置中注射针不从外壳中伸出。驱动弹簧(230)作用于第一驱动元件(232)，第二驱动元件(234)作用于注射器，使其从回缩位置行进到延伸位置并通过注射针排出其中的内容物。一旦已到达标定脱开位置，第一驱动元件能够相对于第二驱动元件运动。当第一驱动元件进一步行进到标定释放位置时释放机构被致动，使注射器(214)从驱动弹簧释放，同时复位弹簧将注射器恢复到其回缩位置。锁定机构(337、375)将返回的注射器限制在其回缩位置。

Description

注射装置
技术领域
本发明涉及这样一种类型的注射装置：其容纳注射器，使注射器延伸，排出注射器中的内容物并使注射器自动回缩。
背景技术
在WO 95/35126和EP-A-0 516 473中显示了这样的总体说明的装置，所述装置一般采用驱动弹簧和某些形式的释放机构，所述释放机构一旦推定注射器的内容物已经被排出时解除驱动弹簧的作用，以便通过复位弹簧缩回注射器。
在这种特点的装置中，需要复位弹簧足够强，从而其能够快速缩回注射器。但是，对于注射器来说，随后被如此强力缩回会使其与装置的在伸出和缩回阶段保持注射器的那些元件脱离。然后注射器可在装置主体内自由地来回运动。这会产生许多不期望的后果。首先，注射器会在装置的主体内到处撞击，给人低质量的感觉。其次，由于注射器产生的撞击噪声可能造成那些脾气急躁的患者使装置振动，这可能使注射器破裂，导致破碎的玻璃掉落。此外，如果装置具有视窗的话，通过该视窗来观察排放完的注射器，注射器不再相对其正确地定位。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供不具有这些缺点的改进的注射装置。
因此，本发明提供一种注射装置，包括：
外壳，适于容纳具有排放嘴的注射器，并包括将注射器从延伸位置偏压到回缩位置的部件，在所述延伸位置中注射器的排放嘴从外壳中伸出，在所述回缩位置中排放嘴容纳在外壳中；
致动器；
驱动器，其受致动器作用并转而作用于注射器，使其从其回缩位置行进到延伸位置并经排放嘴排出其中的内容物；
释放机构，当驱动器已经行进到标定释放位置时被致动，从而从致动器释放注射器，于是偏压部件将注射器恢复到其回缩位置；和
锁定机构，其将返回的注射器限制在其回缩位置。
通过将注射器限定在回缩位置，而不是允许其任意破裂，本发明克服了上述讨论的缺点。优选地，当驱动器已经行进到锁定位置时致动锁定机构，在所述锁定位置驱动器不再继续行进超过所述标定释放位置。
在本发明的优选实现方式中，外壳包括适于容纳注射器的注射器承载器，偏压部件适于将注射器承载器从延伸位置偏压到回缩位置。在所述情况下，锁定机构可防止驱动器相对于注射器承载器回缩，从而将注射器限定在驱动器和注射器承载器之间以备释放机构的致动。
制造方便且操作简单，驱动器可包括柔性闩锁，当驱动器行进并之后在其之外接合时，所述柔性闩锁骑设在制动器(detent)上方。例如，注射器承载器可包括制动器和当驱动器行进并之后在其之外接合时可骑设在制动器上方的柔性闩锁。柔性闩锁可包括柔性倒刺，用于增加闩锁的安全性。
可采用多个所述柔性闩锁，它们可大体上以相等的间隔设置在驱动器的圆周上。
附图说明
将参照附图借助例子对本发明进行描述，其中：
图1是上述讨论的作为对照的注射器的视图；以及
图2-4示出了本发明的实施方式。
具体实施方式
图1示出了注射装置210，其中外壳212含有皮下注射器214。注射器214仍是传统类型，包括一端终止于皮下注射针218、另一端终止于凸缘220的注射器主体216，还包括将待注射的药物224约束在注射器主体216中的橡胶塞222。通常与塞子222连接并用于手动排放注射器214中的内容物的传统活塞被除去，并用将在下面描述的多构件驱动器元件替代。尽管所示出的注射器仍为皮下类型，但不必如此。如图所示，外壳包括复位弹簧226，该复位弹簧226将注射器214从延伸位置偏压到回缩位置，在所述延伸位置中注射针218从外壳212中的窗孔228伸出，在所述回缩位置中皮下针218被容纳在外壳212中。复位弹簧226经套筒227作用于注射器214上。
外壳的另一端是压缩驱动弹簧230。驱动弹簧230的驱动借助多构件驱动器传递到注射器214，使其从回缩位置行进到延伸位置并通过针218排出其中的内容物。驱动器通过直接作用于药物224和注射器214来完成该任务。经药物224作用的静水力以及程度更小的塞子222和注射器主体216之间的静摩擦力最初确保了它们一起行进，直到复位弹簧226降到最低点或者注射器主体216遇到阻碍其运动的其它障碍。
驱动弹簧230和注射器214之间的多构件驱动器包括三个主要构件。驱动套筒231由驱动弹簧230驱动并将这种驱动传递到第一驱动元件232上的柔性闩锁臂233。这些元件显示为“A”。第一驱动元件232又经柔性闩锁臂235将驱动传递到第二驱动元件234。这些元件显示为“B”。以前，第一驱动元件232包括中空的杆240，其内腔形成收集室242。第二驱动元件234包括盲端246，其一端开放以容纳杆240，另一端封闭。如图所示，膛孔246和杆240限定了流体容器248，在其中容纳有减振液。
在外壳212中部设置触发器(未显示)，当操作时用于使驱动套筒231与外壳212脱离，允许其在驱动弹簧230的作用下相对于外壳212运动。所述装置的操作如下。
最初，驱动弹簧230使驱动套筒231运动，驱动套筒231使第一驱动元件232运动，第一驱动元件232使第二驱动元件234运动，在这些情况下都是通过柔性配合臂233、235的作用。第二驱动元件234运动，并借助于经过待注射的药物224作用的静摩擦力和静水力抵抗复位弹簧226的动作使注射器主体216运动。复位弹簧226压缩并且皮下注射针218从外壳212的排出窗孔228显现。这一直持续到复位弹簧226降到最低点或者注射器主体216遇到阻碍其运动的其它障碍。因为塞子222和注射器主体216之间的静摩擦力和经过待注射的药物224作用的静水力不足以抵抗由驱动弹簧230产生的全部驱动力，在该点，第二驱动元件234开始在注射器主体216中运动，药物224开始被排出。但是，塞子222和注射器主体216之间的动摩擦力和经过待注射的药物224作用的静水力足以将复位弹簧226保持在其压缩状态，于是皮下注射针218保持被延伸。
在第二驱动元件234到达其在注射器主体216中的行程末端之前，也就是在注射器中的内容物完全排出之前，连接第一和第二驱动元件232、234的柔性闩锁臂235到达变窄部分237。变窄部分237由元件262形成，该元件262最初相对所有其它元件自由运动但限制在注射器凸缘220和第二驱动元件234上的附加柔性臂247之间。这些附加的柔性臂247位于第一驱动元件232上的柔性臂235上，通过这种设置将驱动传递到第二驱动元件234。图1示出了在附加柔性臂247刚好与元件262中的变窄部分23 7接触的位置处的注射装置210。
变窄部分237在两个倾斜表面的帮助下使附加柔性臂247向内运动，附加柔性臂247又使柔性臂235从显示的位置向内运动，在该位置，它们不再将第一和第二驱动元件连接在一起，借助这种运动将驱动从第一驱动元件232传递到第二驱动元件234。一旦这种情况发生，第一驱动元件232不再作用于第二驱动元件234，允许第一驱动元件232相对于第二驱动元件234运动。
因为减振液包含在位于第一驱动元件232的端部和第二驱动元件234的盲膛孔246之间的容器248中，随着当驱动弹簧230作用在第一驱动元件232时第一驱动元件232相对于第二驱动元件234运动，容器248的容积将减小。当容器248收缩时，减振液被迫进入收集室242中。因此，一旦柔性闩锁臂235被释放，由驱动弹簧230施加的力不再作用于减振液，导致其流进收集室242中，并且还通过流体的静水力和通过第一和第二驱动元件232、234之间的摩擦力起作用，并由此通过第二驱动元件234作用。与减振液流动有关的损耗不使作用在注射器主体上的力在很大程度上衰减。因此，复位弹簧226保持被压缩，皮下注射针保持延伸。
过一段时间之后，第二驱动元件234完成在注射器主体216中的行进并不再前进。在该处，注射器214的内容物被完全排出，由驱动弹簧230施加的力用于将第二驱动元件234保持在其终止位置并持续引起减振液流进收集室242中，允许第一驱动元件232继续其运动。
位于第二驱动元件234后部上的凸缘270通常保持柔性臂233与驱动套筒231的接合。但是，在容器248中的流体耗尽之前，连接驱动套筒231与第一驱动元件232的柔性闩锁臂23 3相对于第二驱动元件234向前运动到足够远，使凸缘270与柔性臂233中的槽口272对准，于是其停止，有效地保持柔性臂233与驱动套筒231的接合。现在，在柔性臂233上的倾斜闩锁表面274的帮助下，驱动套筒231使柔性闩锁臂233从显示的位置向内运动到它们不再将驱动套筒231与第一驱动元件232连接在一起的位置。一旦这种情况发生，驱动套筒231就不再作用于第一驱动元件232，允许它们彼此相对运动。当然，在这一点，注射器214被释放，这是因为由驱动弹簧230产生的力不再传递到注射器214，作用在注射器上的力仅仅是来自复位弹簧226的回复力。因此，注射器214现在返回到其回缩位置，注射循环完成。
但是，在该例子中，能够使注射器返回超过其回缩位置，或者换句话说，使注射器从注射器承载器释放然后在注射装置主体内部撞击。但是，尽管注射器不可能完全从注射装置中脱落，但可能发生已经讨论过的各种不期望的后果。
图2-4显示了注射装置310，其中该问题得到了巧妙解决。再次地，外壳312包括皮下注射器314。注射器314仍是传统类型，包括一端终止于皮下注射针318、另一端终止于凸缘320的注射器主体316，还包括将待注射的药物324约束在注射器主体316中的橡胶塞322。尽管所示的注射器仍为皮下类型，但这不是必须的。如图所示，外壳包括复位弹簧326，该复位弹簧326将注射器314从延伸位置偏压到回缩位置，在所述延伸位置中注射针318从外壳312中的窗孔328伸出，在所述回缩位置中皮下针318被容纳在外壳312中。复位弹簧326借助套筒327作用于注射器314上。在图3中显示了注射器314的延伸位置；在图4中显示了在注射循环完成之后的回缩位置。
在外壳的另一端是压缩驱动弹簧330。驱动弹簧330的驱动经过多构件驱动器传递到注射器314，使其从回缩位置行进到延伸位置并通过针318排放其中的内容物。驱动器通过直接作用于药物324和注射器314来完成该任务。通过药物作用的静水力以及塞子322和注射器主体316之间的程度更小的静摩擦力最初确保了它们一起行进，直到复位弹簧326降到最低点或者注射器主体316遇到阻碍其运动的其它障碍。
驱动弹簧330和注射器314之间的多构件驱动器包括三个主要构件。驱动套筒331由驱动弹簧330驱动并将该驱动传递到第一驱动元件332上的柔性闩锁臂333。第一驱动元件332又借助柔性闩锁臂(未显示)将驱动传递到第二驱动元件334。以前，第一驱动元件332包括中空的杆340，其内腔形成收集室342。第二驱动元件334包括盲膛孔346，其一端开放以容纳杆340，另一端封闭。如图所示，膛孔346和杆340限定了流体容器348，其中容纳有减振液。
在外壳312中设置触发器349，当操作时，触发器349用于使驱动套筒331与外壳312脱离，允许其在驱动弹簧330的作用下相对于外壳312运动。所述装置的操作如下。
最初，驱动弹簧330使驱动套筒331运动，驱动套筒331使第一驱动元件332运动，第一驱动元件332使第二驱动元件334运动，在这些情况下都是通过经柔性配合臂(未显示)来作用。第二驱动元件334运动，并借助于通过待注射的药物324作用的静摩擦力和静水力抵抗复位弹簧326的动作使注射器主体316运动，从而使套筒327运动。复位弹簧326压缩并且皮下注射针318从外壳312的排出窗孔328显现。这一直持续到复位弹簧326降到最低点或者套筒327遇到阻碍其运动的其它障碍。因为塞子322和注射器主体316之间的静摩擦力和通过待注射的药物324作用的静水力不足以抵消由驱动弹簧330产生的全部驱动力，在该点，第二驱动元件334开始在注射器主体316中运动，药物324开始被排出。但是，塞子322和注射器主体316之间的动摩擦力和通过待注射的药物324作用的静水力足以使复位弹簧326保持在其压缩状态，从而使皮下注射针318保持延伸。
在第二驱动元件334在注射器主体316中到达其行程末端之前，也就是在注射器中的内容物完全排出之前，连接第一和第二驱动元件332、234的柔性闩锁臂(未显示)到达变窄部分337。变窄部分337由元件362形成，该元件362与注射器承载器一体地形成。在此以前，第二驱动元件334上的附加柔性臂(未显示)位于第一驱动元件332上的柔性臂(未显示)上，通过这种设置将驱动传递到第二驱动元件334。以与图1相同的方式，变窄部分337引起第一和第二驱动元件332、334脱离接合。此外，变窄部分337还用于第二目的。为此，第二驱动元件334设有一对倾斜柔性倒刺375。在它们的平衡位置(rest position)，倒刺从第二驱动元件334延伸到比变窄部分337的内径大的直径。当第二驱动元件行进时，倾斜的柔性倒刺375向下按压第二驱动元件334，并穿过变窄部分337。一旦它们已经穿过变窄部分，它们就弹性回复到它们的平衡位置。在该位置，因为它们从第二驱动元件334延伸到比变窄部分337的内径大的直径，任何使第二驱动元件334向后运动经过变窄部分337的企图都将导致柔性倒刺375被向外倾斜，阻止向后的运动。因此，柔性倒刺375和变窄部分337一起形成不退回机构。
因为减振液包含在位于第一驱动元件332的端部和第二驱动元件334的盲膛孔346之间的容器348中，随着当驱动弹簧330作用在第一驱动元件332上时第一驱动元件332相对于第二驱动元件334运动，容器348的容积将减小。当容器348收缩时，减振液被迫进入收集室342中。因此，一旦柔性闩锁臂(未显示)已被释放，由驱动弹簧330施加的力不再作用于减振液，导致其流进收集室342中，并且还通过流体的静水力和通过第一和第二驱动元件332、334之间的摩擦力并由此通过第二驱动元件334作用。与减振液流动有关的损耗不使作用在注射器主体上的力在很大程度上衰减。因此，复位弹簧326被保持压缩，皮下注射针保持延伸。
过一段时间之后，第二驱动元件334在注射器主体316中完成其行进并不再前进。在该点，注射器314的内容物被完全排出，由驱动弹簧330施加的力用于将第二驱动元件334保持在其终止位置并持续使减振液流进收集室342中，允许第一驱动元件332继续其运动。
位于第二驱动元件334后部上的凸缘370通常保持柔性臂333与驱动套筒331的接合。但是，在容器348中的流体耗尽之前，连接驱动套筒331与第一驱动元件332的柔性闩锁臂333相对于第二驱动元件334向前运动到足够远，使凸缘370与柔性臂333中的槽口372对准，于是其停止，有效地保持柔性臂333与驱动套筒331的接合。现在，在柔性臂333上的倾斜闩锁表面374的帮助下，驱动套筒331使柔性闩锁臂333从显示的位置向内运动到它们不再将驱动套筒331与第一驱动元件332连接在一起的位置。一旦这种情况发生，驱动套筒331就不再作用于第一驱动元件332上，允许它们彼此相对运动。当然，在这一点，注射器314被释放，这是因为由驱动弹簧330产生的力不再被传递到注射器314，作用在注射器上的力仅仅是来自复位弹簧326的回复力。因此，注射器314现在返回到其回缩位置，注射循环完成。
由倒刺375和变窄部分337形成的不退回机构总是将注射器限制在驱动器和注射器承载器之间，从而防止其在注射装置主体内变得松弛。

Claims (12)

1、一种注射装置，包括：
外壳，适于容纳具有排放嘴的注射器，并包括将注射器从延伸位置偏压到回缩位置的部件，在所述延伸位置中注射器的排放嘴从外壳中伸出，在所述回缩位置中所述排放嘴容纳在外壳中；
致动器；
驱动器，其受致动器作用并转而作用于注射器，使其从回缩位置行进到延伸位置并通过所述排放嘴排出其中的内容物；
释放机构，当驱动器已经行进到标定释放位置时被致动，从而从致动器释放注射器，于是偏压部件将注射器恢复到其回缩位置；以及
锁定机构，其将返回的注射器限制在其回缩位置。
2、根据权利要求1所述的注射装置，其中，当驱动器已经行进到不再行进超过所述标定释放位置的锁定位置时致动锁定机构。
3、根据权利要求1所述的注射装置，其中，所述外壳包括适于容纳注射器的注射器承载器，并且偏压部件适于将注射器承载器从延伸位置偏压到回缩位置。
4、根据权利要求3所述的注射装置，其中，所述锁定机构可防止驱动器相对于注射器承载器回缩，从而将注射器限定在驱动器和注射器承载器之间，以备释放机构的致动。
5、根据权利要求2所述的注射装置，其中，所述驱动器包括当驱动器行进并且之后在其之外接合时设置在制动器上方的柔性闩锁。
6、根据权利要求3或4所述的注射装置，其中：
所述注射器承载器包括制动器；以及
所述驱动器包括柔性闩锁，该柔性闩锁当驱动器行进并且之后在其之外接合时设置在制动器上方。
7、根据权利要求5或6所述的注射装置，其中，所述柔性闩锁包括柔性倒刺。
8、根据权利要求5-7中任一项所述的注射装置，其中，包括多个所述柔性闩锁。
9、根据权利要求8所述的注射装置，其中，所述柔性闩锁以大体上相等的间隔围绕驱动器的圆周设置。
10、根据前述任一项权利要求所述的注射装置，其中，所述驱动器包括第一和第二驱动元件，其中第一驱动元件受致动器作用，该第一驱动元件又作用于第二驱动元件，第二驱动元件作用于注射器或者注射器承载器，使其从回缩位置行进到其延伸位置并通过排放嘴排出其中的内容物，当第一驱动元件被致动器致动并且第二驱动元件被注射器或者注射器承载器限制时，第一驱动元件能够相对于第二驱动元件运动。
11、根据权利要求10所述的注射装置，还包括一个连接件，该连接件用于防止第一驱动元件相对于第二驱动元件运动，直到它们行进到比所述标定释放位置近的标定脱开位置。
12、根据权利要求11所述的注射装置，其中，所述连接件包括脱开机构，当驱动元件已行进到所述标定脱开位置时其被致动，并适于将第一驱动元件与第二驱动元件脱开，从而允许第一驱动元件相对于第二驱动元件运动。
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CN111511427A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2020-08-07 赛诺菲 用于附接到注射装置的传感器装置
CN111511427B (zh) * 2017-12-28 2023-01-06 赛诺菲 用于附接到注射装置的传感器装置

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