CN1006224B - 新功能性全氟聚醚及其制备方法 - Google Patents
新功能性全氟聚醚及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000010702 perfluoropolyether Substances 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UJMWVICAENGCRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen difluoride Chemical compound FOF UJMWVICAENGCRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- USEGOPGXFRQEMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoro hypofluorite titanium Chemical compound [Ti].FOF USEGOPGXFRQEMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021556 Chromium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960000359 chromic chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003351 photoxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyoxy Polymers 0.000 description 2
- AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRWZZZWJMFNZIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3-methyloxirane Chemical compound CC1OC1Cl LRWZZZWJMFNZIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCSKOFQQCWLGMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-{5-[2-chloro-4-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenoxy]pentyl}-3-methylisoxazole Chemical compound O1N=C(C)C=C1CCCCCOC1=CC=C(C=2OCCN=2)C=C1Cl FCSKOFQQCWLGMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSOXQYCFHDMMGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(O)CN(CC(C)O)CCN(CC(C)O)CC(C)O NSOXQYCFHDMMGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001398 aluminium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PQLAYKMGZDUDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium bromide Chemical compound Br[Al](Br)Br PQLAYKMGZDUDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001261 isocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000199 molecular distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002103 osmometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- XXRMWTWYBZRJCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxetane Chemical class C1COC1.C1COC1 XXRMWTWYBZRJCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxetane Chemical compound C1COC1 AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NPSSWQJHYLDCNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoic acid;hydrochloride Chemical class Cl.OC(=O)C=C NPSSWQJHYLDCNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/62—Halogen-containing esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/321—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with inorganic compounds
- C08G65/323—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with inorganic compounds containing halogens
- C08G65/3233—Molecular halogen
- C08G65/3236—Fluorine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/002—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from unsaturated compounds
- C08G65/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from unsaturated compounds containing halogens
- C08G65/007—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from unsaturated compounds containing halogens containing fluorine
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Polyethers (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
Abstract
本发明是使带有中性端基的高分子量的全氟聚醚裂解的方法。这种高分子量的全氟聚醚是由全氟烯烃经光氧化,或由氢化的聚氧烯烃经氟化,或由部分氟化的氧杂环丁烷(oxetane)经开环聚合制成的,此裂解方法是以选自过渡金属或铝,锡、锑的氟化物,氟氧化物或氧化物作为催化剂,在150℃至380℃下进行的。经此裂解方法,生成带有中性和酸性端基的低分子量全氟聚醚,酸式全氟聚醚再经转化反应,制得功能性全氟聚醚,用以合成新聚合物。
Description
本发明是关于由高分子量全氟聚醚经裂解制备低分子量全氟聚醚的方法,而这种高分子量全氟聚醚是由全氟烯烃经光氧化,或部分氟化的氧杂环丁烷(Oxetane)经开环聚合,或氢化的聚氧烯烃经氟化制备的。
众所周知,采用目前的方法制得的上述全氟聚醚大部分分子量过高。而在实际应用中这些高分子量的全氟聚醚的使用受到限制。众所周知,电子行业的一些领域要求使用平均分子量很低的全氟聚醚,要求全氟聚醚平均分子量可适用于高真空泵油。
本发明的目的是提供一种降低上述全氟聚醚平均分子量的方法,用全氟聚醚链裂解的办法可达到所需之值。
更确切地讲,本发明的方法是关于下列类型的全氟聚醚的裂解处理:
Ⅰ)RfO(CF2CF2O)nRf
Ⅱ)A(CF2CF2CF2O)nB
Ⅲ)
式中,n,m,p,q和r均为整数;
n为2至200;
m为1至100;
p,q和r为1至100;
(m+p+q+r)之和为4至400;
Rf=CF3或C2F5;
A=F,ORf;
B,D=1至3个碳的全氟烷基;
E=F,OR′f,此处R′f为1至3个碳的全氟烷基。
该裂解方法包括在催化剂存在下将(Ⅰ),(Ⅱ)或(Ⅲ)式的全氟聚醚加热到150℃至380℃,此处用催化剂有选自过渡金属钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锆、钼、锌或金属铝、锡、锑的氟化物,氟氧化物或氧化物。
催化剂用量为全氟聚醚原料重量的0.1%至10%。
本发明的裂解方法也可用于由全氟烯烃的混合物光氧化直接制得的式(Ⅲ)类全氟聚醚,其中有部分端基是酸性基团-COF。对于后者,需要较大催化剂用量,也要延长处理时间并提高处理温度。
式(Ⅱ)所示是由氧杂环丁烷开环直接制得的全氟聚醚,也可进行类似的裂解处理。这种聚醚的单体单元是-CH2CF2CF2O-在欧洲专利公开148,482号中对此聚醚已有报导。
反应时间的变化范围很宽,例如约从1分钟至数小时,以3分钟至5小时适宜。
因此,选择适当的操作条件和不同特性的催化剂处理高分子量的全氟聚醚原料,就可能得到预期平均分子量为主的全氟聚醚产物。
全氟聚醚原料可按照已有的专利申请方法制得。例如,按照美国专利4,534,039可制备(Ⅰ)类全氟聚醚;按照欧洲专利公开148,482号可制备(Ⅱ)类全氟聚醚;按照美国专利3,665,041可制备(Ⅲ)类全氟聚醚。
如上所述,本方法的优点在于可以富集特定最有用的分子量区段,从而改善用通常方法制备的全氟聚醚的分子量分布。在制备过程中,为了得到有确定分子量的产物,生产方法有很大的灵活性是很重要的。众所周知,最终产物的分子量与其粘度特性和蒸气压特性是密切相关的。
为达到此目的,应具有下列条件:
a)温度要控制在150℃至380℃范围,这要取决于所用催化剂的性质和用量;
b)所用的催化剂的浓度和类型。
适用于本发明方法的催化剂可由前面列举的元素的化合物制得,也可以不用氟化物或氟氧化物,只要在反应条件下,至少能部分转化成相应的氟化物或氟氧化物,进而被处理的全氟聚醚脱氟的催化剂亦可采用。
已经证实,钴和镍的最高氧化态的氟化物是有效的催化剂。采用钴和/或镍的低于最高氧化态的不同卤化物作催化剂,效果也较好,但要向反应釜中不断通入气态氟,以使最高氧化态的相应氟化物就地生成。
钛可以二氟氧钛(TiOF2)使用。
制备二氟氧钛(TiOF2)较好的方法是,在钛或其合金存在下,将全氟聚醚在氧气流中加热至300℃以上就地生成二氟氧钛。
在所列举的氧化物中,二氧化钛(TiO2)和氧化铝(Al2O2)尤其适于作本发明方法的催化剂。
具有特定形态和结构的氟化铝是一种特别适用于本发明方法的催化剂。这种催化剂在申请人已提交的意大利专利申请号21052*/84中已有详述。
将无水溴化铝(AlBr3)加到全氟聚醚原料中,可在反应期间就地生成含氟化铝(AlF3)的催化剂。事实上,在反应条件下,溴可被全氟聚醚中的氟所取代。
氟化物和氟氧化物也可由相应的卤化物在氟存在下,在裂解过程中就地制备。
在裂解过程中,全氟聚醚的分子量(MW)降低,同时酸性增强。由于醚键的断裂,导致下列各种类型的酸性端基的形成:
由(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)两类全氟聚醚生成-(O)CF2COF和-(O)CF2CF2COF;
由(Ⅲ)类全氟聚醚生成-(O)-CF2COF,-(O)或酮基同时也形成带有1至3个碳的全氟烷基型的中性端基。如端基没有与链上的氧键合,氧则存在于酸性端基中。
所有情况得到的产物分子量均较原料聚醚为低,并带有残留酸性。如果想要得到中性全氟聚醚(PFPE),在紫外光照射下,用单质氟处理,可以消除残留酸性。如申请人已提交的意大利专利申请号19498A/85中所述,或不用紫外光照射,在120℃至250℃温度下加热,这样就可得到较低平均分子量的完全中性全氟聚醚。
这样,本发明提供了一种将高分子量的全氟聚醚高产率地转化成低分子量的中性全氟聚醚的方法。如上所述,这种低分子量的中性全氟聚醚是非常有用的。
本发明的另一个目的是,用本发明的方法,可制得新功能性全氟聚醚,它可用(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)两类相应的通式表示,并带有下列一种或两种端基:
1)(Ⅰ)类是-OCF2COF
2)(Ⅱ)类是-OCF2CF2COF
如前所述,上述裂解过程实际上可得到的是中性和酸性两种端基。
中性端基是:
3)-OCF2CF3
4)-OCF2CF2CF3
如果反应在无氟(F2)存在下进行,缩短与催化剂的接触时间,可得到最多的酸性端基。相反,如果反应在通氟下进行,由于氟诱发了已知的中和反应,结果酸性端基几乎全部被消除。
由于重复的单体单元是线性的,得到的聚合物分子的中性端基(即全氟烷基)和酸性端基的比例大体固定,但是统计地分布在链端。因此,存在带有两种中性端基3)和4)的分子;一种中性端基和一种酸性端基的分子;和两种酸性端基1)和2)的分子。如果改变裂解反应的条件,即如前所述,缩短全氟聚醚与催化剂的接触时间,例如减压蒸馏从反应混合物中不断分离出反应产生的低分子量产物,由于端基1)和2)的脱羰,中性分子的数量就会增加。通过加碱形成盐和随之的蒸馏(可水蒸气蒸馏),可将酸性分子进一步从中性分子中分离出来。
残留物由带一个和两个官能团的酸性全氟聚醚与碱生成的盐组成,经强酸酸化,生成带-COOH端基的酸性全氟聚醚。
用此法制得的带酸性端基的全氟聚醚,可用已知反应转化成带有其他官能团的全氟聚醚。例如,可将羧基转化成酰胺、酯,又可以进一步转化成其他官能团,如腈、异氰酸酯、羟基等。
制备某些官能团的方法,如美国专利4,094,911所述。
功能性全氟聚醚可作为单体使用,通过加聚或缩聚,制成低玻璃化温度(tg小于-78℃)的聚合物。
例如,可制得聚酯、聚醇、聚氨基甲酸酯、聚醚、聚酰胺、聚胺、聚丙烯酸酯。
本发明的最佳实施方案是在裂解过程进行中,使具有满意的低分子量产物连续地从反应混合物中分离出来。要将化学裂解不断与分馏处理结合进行才能达到目的,例如蒸馏、急骤分离或分子蒸馏,这些分馏处理在裂解后立即进行或与裂解同时进行。
下列实施例用以阐明本发明,但不限制本发明。
实施例1
取10克按照美国专利4,523,093实施例1制备的结构为CF3(OCF2CF2)5OC2F5的全氟聚醚和0.1克按照意大利申请号NO.21,052A/84实施例1制备的Y型氟化铝(Y-AlF2)加入到容积为20厘米3的用油浴加热的高压釜中(Hastelloy antoclave)。240℃加热10分钟。然后得到的产物在真空中蒸发,并收集到干冰/丙酮的-80℃冷*中。产物重9克,由20∶80的酸性和中性分子的混合物组成。分析结果表明,混合物由下列分子组成:
A(OCF2CF2)nOB
式中A与B相同或不同,代表-CF3,-CF2CF3,-CF2-COF;n从0至3。
实施例2
所用设备和全氟聚醚原料与实施例1相同,但加入0.1克二氧化钛(TiO2)。反应在220℃进行10分钟。制得9.3克低沸点的产物,其分子结构与实施例1的产物类似,只是酸性和中性分子的分布与实施例1不同,其比例为3∶10。
实施例3
使用一个容积为1200毫升,备有搅拌器、加热器、分馏柱和干冰冷阱的金属反应釜,适于在50毫米汞高至20个大气压下使用。取1000克按照欧洲专利申请号148,482的实施例14步骤制备的,结构为F(CF2CF2CF2O)22CF2CF2,平均分子量为4,000原子质量单位(a、m、u)的全氟聚醚(PFPE)和10克按意大利专利申请号21,052A/84制备的1)型氟化铝(AlF2)加入到反应釜中。反应混合物加热至280℃并保持25分钟,冷却并过滤后,在反应釜中可得到700克平均分子量为1,500原子质量单位的全氟聚醚,同时,在干冰冷阱中可得到200克分子量为570原子质量单位的产物。
分子量为1,500原子质量单位的700克全氟聚醚产物,经碱处理并蒸馏后,得到490克中性馏分和210克单酸和双酸的全氟聚醚的混合物。分子量为570原子质量单位的200克产物是由酸性与中性分子之比等于0.33的混合物组成。
实施例4
试验与实施例3相同,反应后,在270℃下进行减压(150-200毫米汞柱)精馏25分钟。蒸馏出800克分子量为700原子质量单位的全氟聚醚产物,其酸性与中性分子之比等于0.45。
实施例5
取1000克实施例3所用的全氟聚醚(平均分子量为4,000)原料和10克与实施例3所用的同类型氟化铝(AlF3),加入到一个备有搅拌器、加热器和干冰冷阱的容积为1200毫升的金属反应釜中。
加热至300℃,保持60分钟。
加热和过滤后,在反应釜内可得到500克分子量为980原子质量单位的聚醚,其酸性与中性分子之比为0.05。
在干冰冷阱中可得到370克分子量为560原子质量单位的全氟聚醚,其酸性与中性分子之比为0.25。
将400克这样制得的分子量为980原子质量单位的产物转移到一个镍反应釜中,通单质氟(F2),在150℃连续中和18小时,得到的中性全氟聚醚产率达95%。
将其余100克产物在20℃通氟(F2),并用紫外线光射5小时,可得到与上述极为相似的结果。
实施例6
取1000克实施例3中所用的全氟聚醚和10克重量比为1∶3∶1的氯化钴(CoCl3)、氯化亚铁(FeCl2)和三氯化铬(CrCl2)的混合物,放入备有搅拌器、加热器和干冰冷阱的容积为1200毫升的镍反应釜。
在流量为10升/小时的氮气流中,加热到300℃,逐渐代之以氟气流。
在120℃反应10小时后,产物全氟聚醚分子量为3,500,再继续反应10小时,产物分子量为2,900。反应终了,可得到800克分子量为2,900的全氟聚醚,残留酸性相当于每1200个中性分子中有1个酸性分子。反应产物过滤后,在180℃通氟(F2)在镍反应釜中使酸性端基完全被转化成中性。
实施例7
取500克由C3F6和C2F4制得的具有通式(Ⅲ)的全氟聚醚,其粘度为1200厘沲(cSt),和5克实施例3所述同种氟化铝(AlF3),加入到备有搅拌器、加热器和干冰冷阱的反应釜中。在300℃反应20分钟,滤去氟化铝(AlF3)可得到380克粘度为45厘沲的油状产物。
挥发性反应产物凝聚于干冰冷阱中,可以得到50克粘度为3厘沲的全氟聚醚。
在真空下精馏粘度为45厘沲的酸性产物,可得到156克粘度为7厘沲的前馏分,将此前馏分放入容积为150毫升的筒形光化学反应釜中,用TQ150型Hanau灯照射18小时,此灯的发射波长是250至300毫微米,强度为1.5×10-3爱因斯坦/分(Eiustein/min)。
照射后可得到143克粘度为10厘沲的油状产物和少量酸性分子残留物。
按照英国专利1,104,482所述的方法,在220℃用氢氧化钾在反应釜中完全中和。
可得到130克粘度为14厘沲的中性油状产物。
实施例8
取1000克实施例7中所用的(Ⅲ)型全氟聚醚和10克比例为1∶3∶1的氯化钴(CoCl2),氯化亚铁(FeCl2)和三氯化铬(CrCl3)的混合物,加入到容积为1200毫升,备有搅拌器、加热器和干冰冷阱的镍反应釜中。在流量为10升/小时的氮气流中,加热到220℃,逐渐代之以氟气流。在220℃反应11小时,得到的全氟聚醚产物的粘度为200厘沲,再反应12小时,全氟聚醚产物的粘度为50厘沲。
反应终了,可得到850克粘度为50厘沲的全氟聚醚,残留酸度为0.03毫克当量/克(meq/g)。过滤得到的产物,并在180℃下镍反应釜中,通单质氟,氟化酸性端基,使其完全中和。
实施例9
取420克按照实施例3的方法制备的酸式混合物,渗透压法测定其分子量为1500原子质量单位,用甲醇酯化,保持回流5小时。除去醇相后,全氟酸甲酯层在100℃及0.1乇下真空处理(Vacuum Stripping)2小时,使其纯化。
得到的425克甲酯,用硼氢化钠继续还原成单官能团和双官能团的醇式全氟聚醚的混合物。如美国专利3,814,741所述。
这个醇混合物(产物B)用醋酸酐滴定表明其官能度,相当于1.33醇基。
取50克产物溶于CF2Cl-CCl2F(氟里昂113),和乙醚的混合物中,按照意大利专利申请号19,629A/85所述的方法在化学计量摩尔数的吡啶存在下,与3.5克丙烯酰氯反应。
滤去吡啶盐酸盐。并用冰水洗涤,最终得到相应的醇式全氟聚醚的丙烯酸酯混合物。
配成5%重量百分浓度的全氟聚醚丙烯酸酯的氟里昂113溶液,用于浸渍录相磁带。除去溶剂后,在30米/分的转速下,用3百万拉德剂量的电子束轰击。
经电子束轰击处理的录相磁带,涂上一层保护膜。经测定保护膜上与水的接触角为120°,而未经处理的录相磁带与水的接触角为50°。
实施例10
取100克实施例9的产物B溶于氟里昂113(Freon113),用化学计量摩尔数的硼氢化钠处理,进而与8克环氧乙烷在50℃反应,反应终了的混合物用水洗并干燥后,得到下列结构的产物(产物D):
RFO(CF2-CF2-CH2OCH2CH2OH)n′
式中RF为实施例3所述的全氟聚醚链,
n′=1或2
50克产物D与17克产物E反应。
生成的产物混合物(产物F)50克与5.8克甲苯二异氰酸酯,在50℃反应3小时,得到有类似橡胶特性的聚合物,其玻璃化温度低于-80℃。用此聚合物做成的测试片进行拉伸应力试验,抗张强度为20公斤/厘米2,延伸率为450%。
用17克产物D及17克产物E的混合物与5.3克甲苯二异氰酸酯及0.1%(重量)乙酰丙酮铁类催化剂在30℃反应1小时,之后放入平板间于100℃压片3小时。所得薄片具有抗张强度50公斤/厘米2,延伸率350%。
实施例11
200克按实施例3所述的方法制备的单官能团和双官能团的酸式全氟聚醚混合物(分子量为1500)溶于氟里昂113中,与47克甲苯二异氰酸酯在120℃反应2小时。逸出二氧化碳并冷却后,用甲苯洗去过量的甲苯二异氰酸酯。在10-3毫米汞柱的真空和50℃下蒸发并干燥,根据分析结果,得到的产物如下式:
式中n=1或2
Rf=实施例3所述的全氟聚醚链。
用丁胺滴定也证明异氰酸基的存在。
20克上述产物溶于0.05克醋酸钾,所得之混合物用于在温式(Winchester)硬磁盘表面涂上一层厚度100的薄膜,再放入烘箱在100℃放置10小时。
此聚合物薄膜具有优良的耐磨性,并且硬磁盘表面的静摩擦系数为0.2。
实施例12
50克带羟乙基的醇式全氟聚醚(实施例10中的产物D)溶于体积比为1∶1∶1的氟里昂113,丙酮和叔丁醇的混合溶剂中,与9.1克苯基-双-1.3(六氟亚丙基)醇、10克环氧氯丙烷和7克氢氧化钠进行反应。
反应混合物回流8小时,得到很粘稠的产物,用旋转粘度计测定,其粘度在50℃时为4,000泊。
取50克反应得到的环氧聚合物与1克乙二胺混合,在60℃下放在两平板间压片3小时。
得到一种橡胶状的薄片,制成测试片,进行拉伸应力试验,抗张强度为50公斤/厘米2,延伸率350%。
Claims (15)
1、一种具有下列类型的全氟聚醚的裂解方法,
Ⅰ)RfO(CF2CF2O)nRf
Ⅱ)A(CF2CF2CF2O)nB
式中,n,m,p,q,r均为整数,
n从2至200,
m,p,q和r从1至100,
m+p+q+r之和从4至400,
Rf=CF2或C2F5,
A=F,ORf,
B,D=有1至3个碳的全氟烷基,
E=F,OR′f其中R′f为有1至3个碳的全氟烷基;此裂解方法包括在催化剂存在下,将Ⅰ),Ⅱ)或Ⅲ)式的全氟聚醚加热到150℃至380℃,此处用催化剂有选自过渡金属钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锆、钼、锌或金属铝、锡、锑的氟化物,氧氟化物或氧化物。
2、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是裂解过程是在氟存在下进行的。
3、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是催化剂用量为全氟聚醚原料重量的0.1%至10%。
4、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中裂解产物不断地用蒸馏的方法从反应混合物中分离出来。
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IL (1) | IL80640A0 (zh) |
IT (1) | IT1201498B (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA868627B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (36)
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US4788257A (en) * | 1985-11-19 | 1988-11-29 | Montedison S.P.A. | Process for preparing regulated molecular weight perfluoro-polyethers having neutral and functional end groups |
IT1213441B (it) * | 1986-12-30 | 1989-12-20 | Ausimont Spa | Dispersioni acquose di poliuretani e fluorurati e loro impiego per spalmature tessili. |
IT1227066B (it) * | 1988-09-15 | 1991-03-14 | Ausimont Spa | Alchilenici. gomme poliuretaniche reticolabili, contenenti blocchi poliossiperfluoro |
US5211861A (en) * | 1988-09-19 | 1993-05-18 | Ausimont S.R.L. | Liquid aqueous compositions comprising perfluoropolyethereal compounds suitable as lubricants in the plastic processing of metals |
DE3902803A1 (de) * | 1989-01-31 | 1990-08-02 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur reinigung und stabilisierung von perfluorpolyethern |
US5693748A (en) * | 1989-02-01 | 1997-12-02 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | High molecular weight polyimidoylamidine and a polytriazine derived therefrom |
IT1228655B (it) * | 1989-02-09 | 1991-06-27 | Ausimont Srl | Perfluoropolieteri aventi proprieta' antirust utili quali componenti o additivi di olii e grassi lubrificanti. |
IT1238075B (it) * | 1990-01-31 | 1993-07-03 | Ausimont Spa | Processo per la preparazione di fluoropolieteri e perfluorolieteri a terminali neutri o funzionali di peso molecolare controllato |
IT1251964B (it) * | 1991-10-21 | 1995-05-27 | Ausimont Spa | Procedimento per separare tra loro specie non funzionali, monofunzionali e bifunzionali presenti nei perfluoropoliossialchileni. |
IT1251965B (it) * | 1991-10-21 | 1995-05-27 | Ausimont Spa | Procedimento per separare tra loro le specie non funzionali, monofunzionali e bifunzionali presenti nei perfluoropoliossialchileni. |
US5233094A (en) * | 1991-11-16 | 1993-08-03 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the preparation of perfluorinated ethers |
IT1252657B (it) * | 1991-12-23 | 1995-06-20 | Ausimont Spa | Procedimento per la neutralizzazione di perfluoropoliossialchileni |
US5453248A (en) * | 1992-03-09 | 1995-09-26 | Optical Sensors Incorporated | Cross-linked gas permeable membrane of a cured perfluorinated urethane polymer, and optical gas sensors fabricated therewith |
IT1255780B (it) * | 1992-08-14 | 1995-11-15 | Ausimont Spa | Composti contenenti fluoro, aventi struttura poliacetalica e procedimento per la loro preparazione |
IT1256304B (it) * | 1992-11-10 | 1995-11-30 | Ausimont Spa | Derivati fosfazenici e loro impiego come stabilizzanti per oli e grassi a base di perfluoropolieteri |
IT1256721B (it) * | 1992-12-16 | 1995-12-15 | Ausimont Spa | Processo per impartire oleo- ed idro-repellenza alla superficie di materiali ceramici porosi |
RU2045544C1 (ru) * | 1994-02-04 | 1995-10-10 | Акционерное общество "Автоконинвест" | Амиды и эфиры перфторполиоксаалкиленсульфо- или перфторполиоксаалкиленкарбоновых кислот и способ их получения |
IT1269886B (it) * | 1994-06-14 | 1997-04-15 | Ausimont Spa | Processo per il trattamento superficiale di materiali cellulosici, metallici,vetrosi,oppure cementi,marmi,graniti e simili |
US5637772A (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1997-06-10 | Aerojet General Corporation | Fluorinated diamines and polymers formed therefrom |
JP3304829B2 (ja) * | 1996-10-17 | 2002-07-22 | 花王株式会社 | 含フッ素エーテル化合物の製造法 |
US6211415B1 (en) | 1996-11-22 | 2001-04-03 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Process for thermal decomposition of hexafluoropropylene oxide oligomers |
IT1306200B1 (it) | 1999-01-14 | 2001-05-30 | Ausimont Spa | Composizioni vulcanizzabili di fluoroelastomeri. |
DE10006590B4 (de) * | 2000-02-11 | 2007-10-18 | Qiagen North American Holdings, Inc. | Verwendung funktionalisierter Membranen bzw. Matrizes zur Aufreinigung von Nukleinsäuren sowie entsprechende Verfahren |
JP4510312B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-14 | 2010-07-21 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | エーテル化合物の分解方法 |
ITMI20020198A1 (it) * | 2002-02-05 | 2003-08-05 | Ausimont Spa | (per)aloeteri |
JP2007525011A (ja) * | 2003-06-26 | 2007-08-30 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 基材上に充填誘電体材料のパターンを形成するための方法 |
ITMI20041370A1 (it) | 2004-07-09 | 2004-10-09 | Solvay Solexis Spa | Separazione di perfluioropolirteri -pepe-bifunzionali a termninazione-ch20h dalle loro miscele con pepe monofunzionali-ch2oh |
CN102516520B (zh) * | 2011-11-23 | 2013-07-17 | 太仓中化环保化工有限公司 | 一种氟碳聚醚化合物的制备方法 |
CN104098718B (zh) * | 2013-04-12 | 2016-04-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种降低聚合物分子量的方法 |
US10053538B2 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2018-08-21 | Moresco Corporation | Method for producing fluoropolyether |
WO2017012909A1 (en) | 2015-07-17 | 2017-01-26 | Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A. | Anti-foaming agents |
CN106366866B (zh) * | 2016-08-27 | 2019-01-04 | 合肥普庆新材料科技有限公司 | 一种全氟聚醚-环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯复合uv光固化涂料的制备方法 |
CN106189731A (zh) * | 2016-08-27 | 2016-12-07 | 合肥普庆新材料科技有限公司 | 一种全氟聚醚‑环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯复合uv光固化涂料 |
CN106243337B (zh) * | 2016-08-27 | 2018-06-22 | 合肥普庆新材料科技有限公司 | 一种用于制备复合uv光固化涂料的功能性全氟聚醚的制备方法 |
CN112429800B (zh) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-11-15 | 四川轻化工大学 | 一种磁性纳米功能材料及其合成方法和应用 |
CN115181257B (zh) * | 2022-08-09 | 2023-06-09 | 浙江巨化技术中心有限公司 | 一种降低全氟聚醚分子量的方法 |
Family Cites Families (13)
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DE1003700B (de) * | 1954-07-30 | 1957-03-07 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von niedermolekularen Fluorchlorkohlenstoffen fluessiger oder wachsartiger Konsistenz |
US3242218A (en) * | 1961-03-29 | 1966-03-22 | Du Pont | Process for preparing fluorocarbon polyethers |
NL6709067A (zh) * | 1964-04-09 | 1968-01-08 | ||
US3513203A (en) * | 1966-07-11 | 1970-05-19 | Montedison Spa | Fluorinated ketones and process for their preparation |
US3665041A (en) * | 1967-04-04 | 1972-05-23 | Montedison Spa | Perfluorinated polyethers and process for their preparation |
NL6818169A (zh) * | 1967-12-28 | 1969-07-01 | ||
US3847978A (en) * | 1968-07-01 | 1974-11-12 | Montedison Spa | Perfluorinated linear polyethers having reactive terminal groups at both ends of the chain and process for the preparation thereof |
US3814741A (en) * | 1970-01-24 | 1974-06-04 | Montedison Spa | Acrylic and methacrylic monomers,polymers and copolymers thereof |
BE764110A (en) * | 1970-03-12 | 1971-09-13 | Montedison Spa | Cyclic perfluoro polyethers |
US4523039A (en) * | 1980-04-11 | 1985-06-11 | The University Of Texas | Method for forming perfluorocarbon ethers |
US4647413A (en) * | 1983-12-27 | 1987-03-03 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Perfluoropolyether oligomers and polymers |
AU579374B2 (en) * | 1984-05-23 | 1988-11-24 | Ausimont S.R.L. | Process for preparing perfluoropolyethers with neutral and functional end-groups, having a regulated molecular weight |
US4788257A (en) * | 1985-11-19 | 1988-11-29 | Montedison S.P.A. | Process for preparing regulated molecular weight perfluoro-polyethers having neutral and functional end groups |
-
1985
- 1985-11-20 IT IT22920/85A patent/IT1201498B/it active
-
1986
- 1986-11-13 ZA ZA868627A patent/ZA868627B/xx unknown
- 1986-11-13 US US06/929,831 patent/US4720527A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-11-14 AU AU65336/86A patent/AU593854B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-11-14 IL IL80640A patent/IL80640A0/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-11-14 CA CA000522966A patent/CA1274540A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-11-14 JP JP61270001A patent/JP2670772B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-11-19 KR KR1019860009794A patent/KR950006524B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-11-20 CN CN86108018.1A patent/CN1006224B/zh not_active Expired
- 1986-11-20 AT AT86116085T patent/ATE67221T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-11-20 DE DE8686116085T patent/DE3681411D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-11-20 EP EP86116085A patent/EP0224201B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-11-20 ES ES198686116085T patent/ES2026447T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-11-20 CS CS868432A patent/CS264343B2/cs unknown
-
1987
- 1987-05-27 US US07/054,495 patent/US4814372A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-05-09 AU AU54881/90A patent/AU5488190A/en not_active Abandoned
-
1997
- 1997-02-13 JP JP9042855A patent/JPH1029955A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA868627B (en) | 1987-06-24 |
CS264343B2 (en) | 1989-07-12 |
JPH1029955A (ja) | 1998-02-03 |
AU5488190A (en) | 1990-09-06 |
KR950006524B1 (ko) | 1995-06-16 |
JPS62120335A (ja) | 1987-06-01 |
AU593854B2 (en) | 1990-02-22 |
IT8522920A0 (it) | 1985-11-20 |
EP0224201B1 (en) | 1991-09-11 |
DE3681411D1 (de) | 1991-10-17 |
US4814372A (en) | 1989-03-21 |
CS843286A2 (en) | 1988-12-15 |
KR870004935A (ko) | 1987-06-02 |
ES2026447T3 (es) | 1992-05-01 |
JP2670772B2 (ja) | 1997-10-29 |
AU6533686A (en) | 1987-05-28 |
US4720527A (en) | 1988-01-19 |
IL80640A0 (en) | 1987-02-27 |
EP0224201A1 (en) | 1987-06-03 |
ATE67221T1 (de) | 1991-09-15 |
CN86108018A (zh) | 1987-06-17 |
IT1201498B (it) | 1989-02-02 |
CA1274540A (en) | 1990-09-25 |
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