CN100453563C - 一种用于从聚-α-烯烃中去除催化剂残留物的方法 - Google Patents
一种用于从聚-α-烯烃中去除催化剂残留物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C08F6/00—Post-polymerisation treatments
- C08F6/02—Neutralisation of the polymerisation mass, e.g. killing the catalyst also removal of catalyst residues
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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Abstract
一种用于减少在包括卤素和IIIb族金属的催化剂存在条件下聚合的粗制聚(α-烯烃)中的卤素和IIIb族金属残留物的方法,其中所述方法包括:A)用水洗涤粗制的聚(α-烯烃);B)分离水相和有机相;C)向有机相中添加选自硅酸镁、硅酸钙、硅酸铝、氧化铝和粘土组成的一组吸附剂中的一种,从而形成一种浆状物;D)在至少大约180℃、减压的条件下,加热浆状物至少大约30分钟;并且接着E)从浆状物分离吸附剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种从烯烃聚合物中分离污染物的方法。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种在催化剂存在条件下得到的烯烃聚合产物中去除残留催化剂组分的方法。
背景技术
从液态烯烃聚合物中不完全去除催化剂并且特别是不完全去除它的金属和卤素组分,产生了许多不好的问题。例如,催化剂残留物可能引起最终聚合产物脱色,催化剂的热降解生成了卤化氢气体,催化剂结构的改变导致了在接下来的蒸馏过程中有机化合物的降解或者分解,在接下来的处理聚合物过程中卤素污染物导致了加氢催化剂中毒,或者类似的情况。因此在接下来处理和/或者使用烯烃聚合物之前,最好可以尽可能充分地从中去除催化剂残留物。
美国专利3,904,498揭示了一种用于从包含催化剂残留物的有机溶液中去除包含分子式为AlRnX3-n的铝化合物的残留催化剂方法,其中R是烷基,X是卤素,并且n是从0到包含3的全部或者部分数字。这种方法包含将碱或者碱土金属的氢氧化物水溶液与有机溶液进行混合,残留催化剂以氢氧化物或者盐的形式沉淀,从最终的混合物中分离沉淀的残留催化剂,其特征包括:
a.以一种不足以在最终的混合液中形成第二个液相的量混合水溶液,并且形成一种可以直接分离催化剂残留物沉淀的非-水悬浮液。并且
b.直接从最终的混合液中分离固相中的沉淀的催化剂残留物。
美国专利4,028,485揭示了一种从包含残留加氢催化剂的加氢烯烃或者烯烃聚合物中将残留催化剂去除的方法,其中包括用无-水酸处理此溶液然后用无水碱中和并将其过滤。
美国专利4,122,126说明了一种用于从聚合产物中去除卤化铝或者它的络合催化剂的方法,其中包括向聚合产物中添加非质子极性溶剂,其中每mol卤化铝催化剂中添加1.0到6.0mol的非质子极性溶剂,并且在70-150℃温度下将其充分混合,在70-150℃温度下,过滤混合物。通过添加非质子极性溶剂使更容易从聚合产物分离催化剂。
美国专利4,200,528揭示了无定形的水合硅酸镁用于减少水溶液或者排出气体中的各种金属离子浓度是有效的。单和多化合价的离子都能按此种方法处理,因此提供一种阻止金属离子向环境排放的方法。所述的方法尤其在铬鞣(chrome tanning)操作中产生的排放物中去除铬是有效的。对铬有效的吸收需要排出硅酸镁浆状物的pH值调节到或者保持在5.3和9.8之间。可以通过酸化络合物从硅酸镁中回收铬。
美国专利4,207,152揭示了从碱金属氯化物的盐水中去除阳离子污染物的一种方法,包括将盐水和包含镁的硅酸盐固体粒子相接触,硅元素和镁的摩尔比值至少是1∶1。盐水中的阳离子污染物粘附在包含镁的硅酸盐粒子上并且因此减少阳离子污染物的浓度。通过去除粘附阳离子污染物的含镁的硅酸盐可以得到纯化的盐水。使用电解工艺(electrolytic process)可以从盐水去除第VIII、IV和II族的元素,例如生成氯和碱金属氢氧化物或者碱金属的氯酸盐。
美国专利4,256,577揭示了先用碱处理排放物接着添加无定形的水合硅酸镁会达到几乎全部去除含水排放物中的金属离子。当使用相当少量的无定形的水合硅酸镁时,所述的连续操作会使得金属离子的浓度降低到低于百万分之0.1。
美国专利4,284,762和4,347,353揭示了通过合并大约0.01到5部分重量的水滑石,抑制了含有卤素组分的烯烃聚合物或共聚物的腐蚀或者着色趋势的方法;其中改善方法包括将包含由于聚合催化剂和/或者后卤化过程中形成的卤素组分的烯烃聚合物或者共聚物与分子式为Mg1-xAlx(OH)2An- x/n.mH2O的水滑石混合,其中0<X≤0.5,m是一个正数,An-表示一个化合价为n的阴离子,或者与由水滑石表面涂层(surface-coating)与阴离子活性剂得到的产物混合,水滑石为(i)BET特定表面不超过30m2/g,(ii)平均次级颗粒尺寸不超过5微米,和优选地(iii)微晶尺寸,按照<003>指导方法,通过X射线衍射方法确定其至少
美国专利4,379,882说明了一种聚烯烃组合物,基本上包含(a)含有100份重量的聚烯烃,其包含来自聚合催化剂和/或者聚合物后卤化时的卤素,以及(b)大约0.001到10份重量的分子式Mg1-xAlx(OH)2+x.mH2O所表示的一种铝-镁氢氧化物,其中x是0<x≤0.5的正数并且m是0≤m<2的正数,并且BET特定表面不超过40m2/g。还公开了一种在含有卤素的聚烯烃中钝化卤素的方法。
美国专利4,476,297说明了从催化剂体系发出的聚合烯烃中钛和轻金属卤化物以及铝化合物的含量,可以通过用含有6到10个碳原子的较高级的特别是有分支的脂肪烃单羧酸处理而大大降低。
美国专利4,547,620揭示了从含卤素的有机化合物中去除一种卤素成分的方法,其中包括在无-水的条件下将液态有机化合物接触由分子式M1-x 2+Mx 3+(OH)2+x-nyAy n-.mH2O所表示的水滑石,液体是由使用来自包含弗瑞德-克来福特(Friedel-Crafts)催化剂和齐格勒(Ziegler)催化剂在内的一组含卤素催化剂生产出的,并且液体中包含来自催化剂的卤素成分,其中M2+代表一种选自Mg2+、Zn2+、Ca2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Mn2+和Cu2+的一种二价金属,M3+表示选自Al3+,Fe3+,Cr3+的一种三价金属,An-表示选自HCO3 -、OH-和CO3 2-的一种化合价为n的金属阴离子,并且x、y和m每个都为正数并且满足以下的条件0.1<x<0.5、0.1<y<0.4、0≤m<1,并从水滑石化合物中分离已经处理的有机化合物。
美国专利4,642,408揭示了去除镍、铝和氯衍生物,它们在包含这些衍生物的催化剂存在条件下,在低聚化后在烯烃的低聚物中保持溶解,通过用氧气或者含氧的气体、无水氨和一种碱金属的氢氧化物溶液处理。
美国专利4,721,818揭示了使用碱金属的加氢物从多羟基化合物中去除双金属氰化物络合物(double metal cyanide complex)催化剂残留物的方法。在一个实施例中,催化剂残留物被转化成一类不溶解的金属离子并且通过使用便于分离的硅酸镁或者硅酸铝进行过滤分离。
美国专利4,877,906揭示了一种从聚醚多羟基化合物中去除双金属氰化物络合物催化剂的方法,其中使用碱金属化合物和磷化合物沉淀残留的催化剂,这些催化剂接着可以通过过滤的方法去除。在一个实施例中,环氧丙烷的多羟基化合物通过用覆盖环氧乙烷的金属钠分散物处理,通过硅酸镁处理然后过滤去除至少一部分的催化剂。通过使用次磷酸或者磷酸沉淀溶解的双金属氰化物络合物残留催化剂来处理多羟基化合物,用硅酸镁中和过量的酸并进行过滤,可以几乎去除全部的催化剂。
美国专利4,992,529揭示了从聚合体中分离金属残留物的方法,其中聚合物的溶液或者悬浮液在含有大约6到大约20个碳原子的单羧酸条件下和包含一种或者多种无机酸的水溶液接触。与含水的无机酸溶液接触同时或者之前,聚合物溶液或者悬浮液将接触一种氧化剂。无机酸最好是一种矿物质酸并且单羧酸最好是含有大约6到大约10个碳原子的支链链烷酸。当单羧酸用于和无机酸组合时,从聚合体中除去的金属的量据说增加了,并且有机相中残留的包含离子化金属的水相的量减少了。
美国专利5,093,509揭示了一种分离环氧反应产物的方法。环氧反应产物是通过钼催化下丙烯和叔丁基氢过氧化物反应生成环氧丙烷和叔丁醇,通过蒸馏,得到丙烯级分、环氧丙烷级分、叔丁醇级分和重液体蒸馏物级分,重液体蒸馏物主要包括叔丁基氢过氧化物、叔丁醇、溶解的钼催化剂、和包含低级脂肪族C1-C4羧酸的杂质,重蒸馏物级分中溶解的钼的含量被调整到溶解的钼的大约300至500ppm,如果必要的话,使用沉淀剂处理并且接触一种主要包含合成的、多孔的高表面积的无定形硅酸镁的吸附剂处理。
美国专利5,104,972说明了一种方法,包含将含有聚合物溶液的第VIII族金属加氢催化剂残留物与硅酸盐接触,并且回收含有少于溶液重量5ppm的第VIII族金属的聚合物溶液的步骤。在一个优选的实施例中,硅酸盐是硅酸钙、硅酸镁或者硅藻土。
美国专利5,196,630揭示了一种用于去除烯烃聚合物产品中包含催化剂残留物的卤素的简化方法。使用季铵盐作为处理剂,以便于除去一种单独的腐蚀性的或者水洗物中超过95%的催化剂残留物,洗后沉降少于15分钟。美国专利6,180,730揭示了使用一种微粒的减活性剂用于从一种中等压力溶液的聚合过程中减少含有卤素的催化剂残留物。最好是以一种悬浮液的形式向后反应物中添加减活性剂。微粒的减活性剂也能和辅助的可溶减活性剂共同使用。
美国专利6,274,777揭示了一种用于从三氟化硼催化的多烷基羟芳烃反应产物中去除硼的方法,其中包括:(a)用一种惰性的溶剂稀释多烷基羟芳烃(polyalkyl hydroxyaromatic)反应产物以得到一种重量浓度在大约40%到大约80%范围内的多烷基羟芳烃反应产物;(b)在助滤剂和(1)硅酸镁、(2)水或者(3)硅酸镁和水的混合物的共同作用下,过滤稀释的多烷基羟芳烃反应产物,其中在过滤操作中,水的浓度维持在稀释的多烷基羟芳烃反应产物的大约100到1,500ppm,并且附带条件为当水在没有硅酸镁的条件下使用时,助滤剂是硅藻土;并且(c)回收包含存在少于10ppm硼的稀释的多烷基羟芳烃反应产物的滤液。
以上的公开完全以引用的方式并入本文。
发明概要
金属(铝)溴化聚合催化剂残留物黏附在聚-α-烯烃(PAO’S)上并且必须在出售精制后的产品前去除。在PAO的最后处理步骤中,由于残留物会堵塞过滤器,引起腐蚀并且在PAO精制(finishing)时,使得用于减少其中残留不饱和物的加氢催化剂中毒,这些残留物是有问题的。聚合催化剂中残余的溴尤其损害加氢催化剂的效率。
在PAO精制时,大量的资金是花费在加氢催化剂和氢使用上。许多这些花费是未精制产物中高的残留聚合催化剂水平的直接结果,因为在粗制PAO产品加氢过程中,来自聚合催化剂的残留金属和卤素导致必须用较高的加氢催化剂装载量。残留的卤素也使得在粗制产物加氢过程中连续清除反应器中卤化氢副产物为必要。这种清除占了使用的总氢原料的大部分。更进一步说,聚合催化剂的残留物由于堵塞和淤塞(foul)下游过滤器而造成操作问题,并且由于其酸性可能造成下游操作设备的腐蚀,卤素是已知的应力裂纹(stress crack)腐蚀剂。减少过滤器和加氢操作上游的聚合催化剂残留物,将导致由于减少原材料的使用和提高操作效率而造成的成本降低。
已经发现了由吸附剂从PAO去除残留诸如溴等卤素的功率,对工艺中实行去除操作的位置非常敏感。温度和吸附剂的水平也是重要的参数。
更具体地,本发明涉及一种用于降低在包括卤素和IIIb族金属的催化剂存在条件下聚合的粗制聚(α-烯烃)中残留卤素和IIIb族金属水平的方法,其中此方法包括:
A)用水洗涤粗制聚(α-烯烃);
B)分离水相和有机相;
C)从硅酸镁、硅酸钙、硅酸铝、氧化铝以及粘土组成的一组吸附剂中选择一种添加在有机相中从而形成浆状物;
D)在减压、至少大约180℃温度下加热浆状物至少大约30分钟;然后
E)从浆状物中分离吸附剂。
具体实施方式
如以上所述,本发明涉及一种用于降低在含有卤素和IIIb族金属的催化剂存在条件下聚合的粗制聚(α-烯烃)中残留卤素和IIIb族金属水平的方法,其中此方法包括:
A)用水洗涤粗制聚(α-烯烃);
B)分离水相和有机相;
C)从硅酸镁、硅酸钙、硅酸铝、氧化铝以及粘土组成的一组吸附剂中选择一种添加在有机相中从而形成浆状物;
D)在减压、至少大约180℃温度下加热浆状物至少大约30分钟;并且然后
E)从浆状物中分离吸附剂。
此处所使用的专业术语“IIIb族金属”包括硼、铝、镓、铟和铊。铝是粗制聚(α-烯烃)中最大可能的污染物的金属,并且因此成为用本发明方法去除的优选的金属。
此处使用的术语“卤素”以其常规意义,包括氟、氯、溴、碘和砹。优选氯和溴,更优选溴。
当5%重量的硅酸镁(基于PAO)在用水萃取PAO之前添加到未精制的PAO产品中,它将残留铝从890ppm降低到少于7ppm,同时溴被从12,000ppm降低到1385ppm。
在一个类似的实施例中,5%重量的硅酸镁将铝从874ppm减少到少于7ppm,并且溴从11,600ppm减少到2749ppm。在另外一个实施例中,2.5%的硅酸镁将铝从874ppm减少到小于7ppm并且溴从11,600ppm减少到2538ppm。这两个实施例都说明了将残留铝有效去除到低于检测它的仪器方法所达到的检测限度;然而,聚合催化剂中残留的溴,尽管被大大减少了,其含量仍然足够高以使用于进一步纯化PAO产品的加氢催化剂中毒。
为了减轻加氢催化剂的中毒,非常期望将残留的溴减少到尽可能低的水平。然而已经发现,在用水洗涤之前,用吸附剂处理粗制PAO足以减轻与淤塞下游过滤器相关的问题,可是不足以减轻加氢催化剂中毒或者不足以减轻卤素引起的应力裂纹腐蚀问题。这是由于所有的无机金属卤化物被去除了,但是有机的卤化物依然在聚(α-烯烃)中存在。
根据本发明,粗制的PAO在首先用水洗并分离PAO与水相之后,用吸附剂优选是硅酸镁进行处理,因而在脱除残留的水并且从产物中过滤硅酸镁后,得到的PAO产品中溴和铝的水平大大降低。优选使用吸附剂的水平为至少约0.4当量金属/当量卤素。
正如下表1所示,在实施例21中,通过本发明方法,通过用硅酸镁(1.2当量镁/当量卤素)在真空条件下200℃处理3小时,铝从名义上(nominal)的30ppm降低到小于1ppm同时溴从6415ppm减少到105ppm。所述真空是至少大约50mm汞柱,可是优选是10mm汞柱或者更少。在实施例12中,通过用硅酸镁(0.78当量镁/当量卤素)在真空条件下200℃处理3小时,铝同样从名义上的30ppm降低到小于1ppm,同时溴从5024ppm减少到92ppm。在实施例17和19中,通过用硅酸镁(0.8当量镁/当量卤素)在真空条件下200℃处理3小时,溴从6415ppm减少到81ppm,并且在真空条件下200℃用硅酸镁(0.8当量镁/当量卤素)处理1.5小时,溴从6415ppm降低到70ppm。
在没有硅酸镁的条件下脱除并且过滤粗制的PAO,得到含有名义上1650ppm溴和30ppm铝的PAO产物。
温度和吸附剂的使用水平是实施本发明的重要因素,并在表1中总结。可见需要使用的硅酸镁水平应该是至少大约0.4当量镁/当量卤素(被处理的PAO产物),优选地是从大约0.78至大约1.2当量镁/当量卤素,并且在减压条件下的脱除温度是至少大约160℃,优选是从大约160℃到大约300℃,更优选地从大约180℃到大约220℃。得到的残留溴水平不超过170ppm,优选不超过120ppm,更优选的是不超过110ppm。
除了硅酸镁,用于实行本发明的吸附剂是本质上两性的并且包括硅酸镁、硅酸钙、硅酸铝、氧化铝、粘土以及类似物。优选的吸附剂是硅酸镁。正如可以从实施例24所见的,吸附剂可以相互结合使用。
在一个典型的实验中,将PAO装在一个装配搅拌器和惰性气体垫的反应器中,并且用5%的水洗涤。使水相和有机相分离并且排出水相。然后添加需要量的硅酸镁并且在真空下将加热反应器至至少180℃,并在脱除温度下保持需要的时间,以便与残留卤素反应并且干燥产物。通过过滤去除硅酸镁得到准备用于加氢的产物。
更具体地,PAO和5%的水在95℃搅拌30分钟。停止搅拌并且使得一批反应产物澄清/分离20分钟。较低的水相从反应器的底部除去。硅酸镁(0.8当量镁/当量卤素)添加到这批反应物中,同时在95℃温度下搅拌。在大气压下这批反应物加热到200℃。在10mm汞柱真空下保持90分钟,并且冷却这批产物到180℃,在45μ过滤布上进行过滤,得到含有70ppm残余的溴和<0.1ppm铝的产物(实施例19)。
实施例的结果见于表1。
*A是与镁和溴当量的比值(eq.Mg/eq.Br);B是百分含量%(PAO)。
**1/1代表1.0当量(eq.)硅酸镁和1.0当量(eq.)氧化铝的混合物。
***N.M表示“未测定”。
考虑到可以做出许多修改和变动而未偏离本发明的宗旨原则,应该参考本发明的权利要求书,来理解本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种方法,其用于降低在包括卤素以及选自硼、铝、镓、铟和铊的金属的催化剂存在条件下聚合的粗制聚(α-烯烃)中的卤素以及所述金属残留物水平,其中所述方法包含:
A)用水洗涤粗制聚(α-烯烃);
B)分离水相和有机相;
C)然后将选自由硅酸镁、硅酸钙、硅酸铝、氧化铝和粘土组成的一组中的吸附剂添加到所述有机相中形成浆状物;
D)在减压、至少180℃温度下加热所述浆状物至少30分钟;且然后
E)从所述浆状物中分离所述吸附剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述卤素选自氯、溴及其混合物组成的一组。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述卤素是溴。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述金属是铝。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述吸附剂是硅酸镁。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述加热步骤持续至少90分钟。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述加热步骤持续至少180分钟。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中使用的所述吸附剂是以至少0.4当量金属/当量卤素的水平。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述吸附剂通过过滤从所述浆状物中分离。
10.一种方法,其用于降低在包含溴和铝的催化剂存在的条件下聚合的粗制聚(α-烯烃)中溴和铝残留物水平,其中所述方法包括:
A)用水洗涤粗制的聚(α-烯烃);
B)分离水相和有机相;
C)然后向所述有机相中添加0.4当量Mg/当量卤素的硅酸镁从而形成浆状物;
D)在至少180℃、减压的条件下,加热所述浆状物至少90分钟;且然后
E)从所述浆状物中过滤所述硅酸镁。
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US (1) | US7473815B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1692191B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4823068B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100453563C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE433465T1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602004021500D1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2005049660A1 (zh) |
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US20100069687A1 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2010-03-18 | Chemtura Corporation | Process for synthesis of polyalphaolefin and removal of residual catalyst components |
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JP5266335B2 (ja) * | 2008-01-31 | 2013-08-21 | エクソンモービル・ケミカル・パテンツ・インク | メタロセン触媒によるポリ−アルファオレフィン類の生産におけるリニアアルファオレフィン類の改良された利用 |
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JP5633976B2 (ja) | 2008-03-31 | 2014-12-03 | エクソンモービル・ケミカル・パテンツ・インク | 剪断安定性の高粘度paoの製造 |
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EP2523979A4 (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2014-01-08 | Reliance Ind Ltd | COMPOSITE ADSORBENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF CATALYSIS RESIDUES PRESENT IN A POLYMERIFY SOLUTION POLYMERIZATION MIXTURE |
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US9815915B2 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2017-11-14 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Production of liquid polyolefins |
CN102775529B (zh) * | 2011-05-11 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种从烯烃聚合物中脱除杂质的方法 |
CN104160003B (zh) | 2011-10-10 | 2016-01-20 | 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 | 高效发动机油组合物 |
WO2016105226A1 (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2016-06-30 | Public Joint Stock Company "Sibur Holding" | Methods of precipitating polymer and deactivated organometallic catalyst in an olefin oligomerization reaction |
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FI128069B2 (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2024-04-24 | Neste Oyj | Cleaning of recycled and renewable organic material |
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CN113024694B (zh) * | 2021-03-30 | 2023-05-02 | 浙江皇马科技股份有限公司 | 一种从有机物中去除三氟化硼或其配合物的方法 |
CN115215716B (zh) * | 2021-04-21 | 2024-04-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 低黏度润滑油基础油的连续制备方法 |
CN113856637B (zh) * | 2021-11-01 | 2024-04-09 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种螯合吸附填料的制备方法及其应用 |
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- 2004-10-29 CN CNB2004800378630A patent/CN100453563C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-29 EP EP04810187A patent/EP1692191B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-10-29 WO PCT/US2004/036259 patent/WO2005049660A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-10-29 AT AT04810187T patent/ATE433465T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-10-29 JP JP2006539580A patent/JP4823068B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-29 DE DE602004021500T patent/DE602004021500D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2007510799A (ja) | 2007-04-26 |
US20050101761A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
EP1692191A1 (en) | 2006-08-23 |
DE602004021500D1 (de) | 2009-07-23 |
WO2005049660A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
EP1692191B1 (en) | 2009-06-10 |
US7473815B2 (en) | 2009-01-06 |
ATE433465T1 (de) | 2009-06-15 |
CN1894287A (zh) | 2007-01-10 |
JP4823068B2 (ja) | 2011-11-24 |
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