CN100441174C - 二苯基甲烷衍生物作为酪氨酸酶抑制剂的用途 - Google Patents
二苯基甲烷衍生物作为酪氨酸酶抑制剂的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100441174C CN100441174C CNB2004800149398A CN200480014939A CN100441174C CN 100441174 C CN100441174 C CN 100441174C CN B2004800149398 A CNB2004800149398 A CN B2004800149398A CN 200480014939 A CN200480014939 A CN 200480014939A CN 100441174 C CN100441174 C CN 100441174C
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Abstract
本发明涉及式(1)化合物的新用途,或者涉及含有一种或多种式(1)化合物的物质混合物。所述化合物适合用作皮肤和毛发增亮剂,适合用作抗老年斑和抑制不希望的食品褐变的药剂。
Description
本发明涉及下式1二苯基甲烷衍生物作为酪氨酸酶抑制剂的用途,
其中:
R1是
-氢
-甲基
-具有2-4个C原子的直链或支链、饱和或不饱和烷基
-OH或
-卤素,
R2是
-氢
-甲基或
-具有2-5个C原子的直链或支链、饱和或不饱和烷基,
R3是
-甲基或
-具有2-5个C原子的直链或支链、饱和或不饱和烷基,
并且
R4和R5各自独立地是
-氢
-甲基
-具有2-5个C原子的直链或支链、饱和或不饱和烷基
-OH或
-卤素。
在该化学式中,取代基OH、R1、R4和R5可以在每种情况下(如附图中所示)占据相关芳环上的任意位置(相对于环间桥键的邻位、间位或对位)。
在化妆品工业领域中,对皮肤和毛发增亮剂(lightening agent)以及抗老年斑药剂的需求持续增加。在这种背景下,特别是在具有深色皮肤/毛发的人群的亚洲国家中,用于增亮皮肤和毛发以及用于抗老年斑的化妆品起着重要的作用,而在中欧地区和美国,用于这种化妆品治疗的药剂也变得越来越重要。
人的皮肤和毛发的颜色基本上由黑素细胞数量、黑色素浓度和黑色素生物合成的强度来决定,在这种情况下,一方面诸如个体遗传组成的内因和另一方面尤其是诸如UV暴露强度和频率的外因对皮肤和毛发颜色产生重要影响。
具有亮肤活性的化合物通常干预黑色素的新陈代谢或分解代谢。颜色通常为褐色至黑色的黑色素在皮肤的黑素细胞中形成,转移到角化细胞中并给皮肤或毛发着色。在哺乳动物中,褐色-黑色真黑素主要由羟基取代的芳族氨基酸如L-酪氨酸和L-DOPA形成,另外黄色-红色类黑色素由含硫分子形成(Cosmetics & Toiletries 1996,111(5),43-51)。从L-酪氨酸开始,通过含铜的关键酶酪氨酸酶形成L-3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸(L-DOPA),该L-3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸又通过酪氨酸酶转化成多巴色素。多巴色素经过利用不同酶催化的几个步骤被氧化成黑色素。
由于各种原因而使用亮肤剂:如果人皮肤中形成黑色素的黑色素细胞由于某种原因而分布不均匀,那么就会产生比周围区域的皮肤颜色更浅或更深的色斑。为了消除这种问题,使用增亮剂以至少部分地帮助匀化色斑。另外,对于许多人来说,需要增亮他们天然的暗肤色或防止皮肤色素沉着。为此需要非常可靠和有效的皮肤和毛发增亮剂。许多皮肤和毛发增亮剂含有酪氨酸酶抑制剂,这些抑制剂或多或少具有功效。但是,这仅仅是用于皮肤和毛发增亮的一种可能的方法。
有时,也利用UV吸收物质来防止皮肤中由于UV光导致的色素沉着的增加。但是,这是一种源于纯物理的作用,因此不同于亮肤剂对细胞黑色素形成的生物性作用,这种生物性作用即使在没有UV光时也能察觉到。具体而言,UV滤光剂仅防止UV诱导的皮肤褐变,与此形成对比的是,通过干涉黑色素生物合成的生物活性亮肤剂也可以增亮皮肤。
具体地,氢醌、氢醌衍生物例如熊果苷、维生素C、抗坏血酸衍生物例如棕榈酸抗坏血酸酯、曲酸和曲酸衍生物如二棕榈酸曲酸酯在市售的皮肤和毛发增亮剂中使用。
最常使用的一种皮肤和毛发增亮剂是氢醌。但是,该物质对黑色素细胞具有细胞毒作用并且对皮肤是刺激物。因此,例如在欧洲、日本和南非,不再允许这种制剂用于化妆品应用。而且,氢醌对氧化作用高度敏感,在化妆品配方中十分难于稳定。
维生素C和抗坏血酸衍生物对皮肤仅具有不充分的作用。而且,它们不直接用作酪氨酸酶抑制剂,而是减少黑色素生物合成中的有色中间体。
曲酸(5-羟基-2-羟甲基-4-吡喃酮)是酪氨酸酶抑制剂,通过螫合酶的铜原子抑制其催化作用;它用于商品化的皮肤和毛发增亮剂中,但是具有高度致敏性,导致接触性过敏。
因此,在寻找具有皮肤和毛发增亮作用和/或抗老年斑作用的新药时,目标通常是寻找以尽可能低的浓度抑制酪氨酸酶的物质,还必须考虑到用于化妆品和/或药物产品的这些物质除了在尽可能低的浓度下具有高活性之外,它还必须是
-毒理学可接受的
-皮肤容易耐受,具体而言不致敏且不是刺激物
-稳定(特别是在惯用的化妆品和/或药物配方中)
-优选无味,并且
-能够廉价生产(也就是说能够利用标准方法和/或从标准前体开始廉价生产)。
由于在一方面物质的化学结构和另一方面其生物活性以及稳定性之间没有明显的相关性,因此将寻找具有一个或多个所述特征的合适(活性)物质进行到足够的程度对本领域技术人员来说更加困难。而且,在皮肤增亮效果、毒理学可接受性、皮肤耐受性和/或潜在活性化合物的稳定性之间没有可预测的相关性。而且,在实践中使用活性物质的具体前提条件是其对通常在化妆品中用作辅助成分的化学物质以及对光的稳定性。
因此(根据一般的要求,见上文),本发明的首要目的是指明一种活性物质,该物质(a)具有良好的亮肤效果(即,例如,在特定无细胞或细胞体外测试系统中有强的酪氨酸酶抑制作用,优选细胞体外测试系统,因为其更好地传递于人类体内环境),(b)可以以高纯的形式制备,(c)是皮肤病学和毒理学可接受的而且(d)还对光作用表现出良好的稳定性。目前本申请人自己的研究表明,式1二苯基甲烷衍生物实现了这些目的,因此可以优选用作酪氨酸酶抑制剂。
在本文中,可以根据从文献中已知的方法毫无问题地制备根据本发明可用的二苯基甲烷衍生物,例如下面将更详细描述的苯乙烯基间苯二酚(styrylresorcinol)(式4;CARN:85-27-8;4-(1-苯乙基)-1,3-二羟基苯)。为了进行活性研究,式1二苯基甲烷衍生物可以根据从文献如T.Yamamura等人的文献(Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn.Vol.68,S.2955-2960;1995)中已知的方法通过Friedel-Crafts烷化来制备。
目前,本申请人自己的研究表明,式1二苯基甲烷衍生物,这里具体是式4的苯乙烯基间苯二酚,具有比食品工业中用作褐变抑制剂的己基间苯二酚更强的酪氨酸酶抑制活性(见下文,实施例1,表2:苯乙烯基间苯二酚(式4)和4-己基间苯二酚的比较:CARN:136-77-6)。另外,式1化合物,这里具体是苯乙烯基间苯二酚(式4),具有比已知的皮肤和毛发增亮活性化合物曲酸更强的酪氨酸酶抑制活性,该事实特别令人惊奇,因此在化妆品产品中,可以在特别低的并因此在毒理学和皮肤病学上可接受的浓度下使用它们;苯乙烯基间苯二酚具有的酪氨酸酶抑制作用比曲酸要强约215倍。
例如,本发明人对根据从文献中已知方法制备的合成苯乙烯基间苯二酚(式4;CARN:85-27-8;4-(1-苯乙基)-1,3-二羟基苯)进行的活性研究证实:式1化合物(二苯基甲烷衍生物)和含有一种或多种式1化合物的物质混合物具有强的酪氨酸酶抑制作用,并因此非常适合用作亮肤剂和抗老年斑药剂,其中基团R1-R5在每种情况下均具有上文中提到的含义。在这种情况下,由于它们对光的高稳定性,它们非常适合在化妆品产品等中用作亮肤剂,或作为已知亮肤活性化合物(例如,氢醌、熊果苷或抗坏血酸)的替代或补充。式4化合物和其他式1化合物还对氧非常稳定,其中OH基相互处于间位或对位。
通常由于美容原因而发生酪氨酸酶抑制,但是在特殊情况下也可以具有治疗特性。另外,式1化合物也可作为褐变抑制添加剂用于食品工业或香料工业(aromaindustry)中;关于此点参见下文。
具体而言,式1化合物在用作皮肤和毛发增亮剂或抗老年斑药剂时,通常以溶液、乳霜、洗液、凝胶、喷雾等形式局部施用。
本文的重要应用领域是化妆品,尤其是皮肤病和/或角质化病(keratinological)配方,其(除了存在式1化合物之外)具有通常的组成,并用于化妆品,特别是皮肤病和/或角质化病、防晒,用于治疗、护理和清洁皮肤和/或毛发,或在彩妆中作为粉底产品。相应地,根据它们的组成,这种配方可用作例如皮肤防护霜、洁肽奶、洁肤皂、防晒液、营养霜、日霜或晚霜、除臭剂、止汗剂、洗发精、毛发护理剂、护发素或染发剂,据此优选是乳剂、露、奶、霜、水性分散凝胶、香膏、喷雾、泡沫、液体皂、皂条、毛发-、滚珠(roll-on)、条状物或粉底(make-up)的形式。
另外,根据本发明的二苯基甲烷衍生物还可用于食品。这里尤其优选的产品种类具体是那些由于天然含有酚类化合物而在加工时在内源性多酚氧化酶的影响下容易自发褐变反应的食品。这些具体包括水果和蔬菜产品,尤其是苹果、梨或土豆,或甲壳类动物例如具体是螃蟹、langustine或小虾,当然,上述内容中的该清单不能看作是全部,而是可以根据需要扩展。
配方(特别是局部施用的配方)中式1二苯基甲烷衍生物的浓度优选在0.0001-20%(m/m)范围内,更优选在0.001-5%(m/m)范围内,特别优选在0.01-1%(m/m)范围内。在这些配方中,可以(a)预防性地或(b)根据需要使用具有酪氨酸酶抑制活性的化合物。
例如每天施用的活性化合物的数量浓度不同并取决于试验人员的生理状况以及个体的特定参数,如年龄或体重。式1二苯基甲烷衍生物可以单独使用、作为混合物使用或者与其它酪氨酸酶抑制物组合使用。
式1化合物(其中R1-R5具有上文所示含义并且上文中所述的关于R1-R5的优选含义也适用)也被用作美容品和芳香组合物(香料组合物)的成分,例如可以赋予芳香的最终产品(例如化妆品)以酪氨酸酶抑制作用。特别优选的芳香组合物包含(a)具有感官作用的量的芳香剂、(b)具有酪氨酸酶抑制作用的量的一种或多种式1化合物(其中R1-R5可具有上文所示含义)和任选的(c)一种或多种赋形剂和/或添加剂。由于化妆品成品中的香料含量通常在大约1%(m/m),含有式1化合物的香料优选包含大约5-50%(m/m)的一种或多种式1化合物。已证实特别有利的是式1物质本身仅具有微弱的味道,或者完全无味,因为该特性注定它们可以用于芳香组合物。
在用于美容和/或治疗性亮肤以及治疗(抗)老年斑的优选方法中,根据本发明所用的增效活性混合物的浓度也在0.0001-20%(m/m)的范围内,优选在0.001-5%(m/m)的范围内,特别优选在0.01-1%(m/m)的范围内,每种情况下都基于含有该混合物的化妆品或药用产品的总质量。
在这种情况下,可以(a)预防性地或(b)根据需要使用式1二苯基甲烷衍生物。
需指出的是,本文中,在具有不同的取代苯基团并且同时R2和R3不同的式1衍生物的情况下,术语二苯基甲烷衍生物还包含纯S-型对映体、R-型对映体以及S-和R-型对映体的任意混合物。事实上,由于商业原因,在这些情况下将特定二苯基甲烷衍生物的外消旋体混合物用于亮肤和/或抗老年斑特别有利,因为这些混合物特别容易通过合成获得;但是,纯对映体或这些对映体的非外消旋混合物也适用于根据本发明的目的。
根据本发明使用的式1二苯基甲烷衍生物可以毫无困难地引入到常规化妆品或皮肤病配方中,其中例如泵喷雾、气溶胶喷雾、乳霜、软膏、酊剂、洗液、指甲护理产品(例如指甲油、指甲油去除剂、指甲香液)等。关于这点,可以将根据本发明使用的式1二苯基甲烷衍生物与另外的活性化合物组合,在某些情况下也是有利的,例如与具有皮肤和毛发增亮作用或能抗老年斑的其它物质组合。就此而言,含有式1二苯基甲烷衍生物的化妆品和/或皮肤病/角质化病配方还可以具有常规的组成、并在皮肤病或角质化病治疗方面或在护理化妆品方面用于皮肤和/或毛发的处理。但是,它们也可以用于彩妆中的粉底产品。
含有式1二苯基甲烷衍生物的化妆品配方还可以包含具有亮肤作用的其他活性化合物。在这种情况下,根据本发明可以利用所有适合或常用于化妆品和/或皮肤病应用的亮肤活性化合物。就此而言,有利的亮肤活性化合物是曲酸(5-羟基-2-羟甲基-4-吡喃酮)、曲酸衍生物例如二棕榈酸曲酸酯、熊果苷、抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸衍生物、氢醌、氢醌衍生物、间苯二酚、含硫分子例如谷胱甘肽或半胱氨酸α-羟基酸(例如柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸)及其衍生物、环烷酮、亚甲基二氧苯基烷醇、乙烯基-和乙基gujacol、氧化氮合成抑制剂例如L-硝基精氨酸及其衍生物、2,7-二硝基吲唑或硫代瓜氨酸、金属鳌合剂(例如α-羟基脂肪酸、棕榈酸、植酸、乳铁蛋白、腐殖酸、胆汁酸、胆汁提取物、胆红素、胆绿素、EDTA、EGTA及其衍生物)、类黄酮、类维生素A、大豆浆、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂或硫辛酸或用于皮肤和毛发增亮的其它合成或天然的活性化合物,对于后者还可能以植物提取物的形式被利用,例如熊果萃取物、水稻提取物、甘草根提取物或由其浓缩的成分,例如甘草黄酮(glabridin)或甘草白垩A(licochalkon A)、artocarpus提取物、Rumex和Ramulus种的提取物、松类提取物(Pinus)和Vitis种提取物或由其浓缩的均二苯乙烯衍生物。
在许多情况下,式1二苯基甲烷衍生物可以和防腐剂组合使用,优选地,防腐剂例如苯甲酸及其酯和盐、丙酸及其盐、水杨酸及其盐、2,4-己酸(山梨酸)及其盐、甲醛和低聚甲醛、2-羟基联苯醚及其盐、2-zincsulphidopyridine-N-oxide、无机亚硫酸盐和亚硫酸氢盐、碘酸钠、三氯叔丁醇(chlorobutanolum)、4-乙基汞-(II)5-氨基-1,3-二(2-羟基苯甲酸及其盐和酯、dehydratcetic acid、甲酸、1,6-二(4-脒基-2-溴苯氧基)-正己烷及其盐、乙基汞-(II)-硫代水杨酸钠盐、苯基汞及其盐、10-十一碳烯酸及其盐、5-氨基-1,3-二(2-乙基己基)-5-甲基-六氢嘧啶、5-溴-5-硝基-1,3-二噁烷、2-溴-2-硝基-1,3-丙二醇、2,4-二氯苯甲醇、N-(4-氯苯基)-N’-(3,4二氯苯基)脲、4-氯间甲酚、2,4,4’-三氯-2’-羟基-联苯醚、4-氯-3,5-二甲基苯酚、1,1’-亚甲基-二(3-(1-羟甲基-2,4-二氧咪唑烷-5-基)脲)、聚(六亚甲基缩二胍)盐酸盐、2-苯氧基乙醇、六亚甲基四胺、1-(3-氯烯丙基)-3,5,7-三氮-1-氮鎓-金刚烷氯、1(4-氯苯氧基)-1(1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,3-二甲基-2-丁酮、1,3-二-(羟基-甲基)-5,5-二甲基-2,4-咪唑烷二酮、苯甲醇、Octopirox、1,2-二溴-2,4-二氰基丁烷、2,2’-亚甲基-二(6-溴4-氯-苯酚)、溴-氯苯、5-氯-2-甲基-3(2H)-异噻唑啉酮和2-甲基-3(2H)异噻唑啉酮(isothiazlinone)与氯化镁和氮化镁的混合物、2-苯甲基-4-氯苯酚、2-氯乙酰胺、氯己定、醋酸氯己定、葡糖酸氯己定、盐酸氯己定、1-苯氧基-2-丙醇、N-烷基(C12-C22)三甲基-铵溴化物和氯化物、4,4-二甲基-1,3-噁唑烷、N-羟甲基N-(1,3-二(羟甲基)-2,5-二氧咪唑烷-4-基)-N’-羟基甲基脲、1,6-二(4-脒基苯氧基)正己烷及其盐、戊二醛5-乙基-1-氮杂-3,7-二氧二环(3.3.0)辛烷、3-(4-氯苯氧基)-1,2-丙二醇、季铵盐、烷基-(C8-C18)-二甲基-苄基-氯化铵、烷基-(C8-C18)-二甲基-苄基溴化铵、烷基-(C8-C18)-二甲基-苄基糖化铵、苄基半缩甲醛、3-碘-2-丙炔基-丁基氨基甲酸酯、羟甲基-氨基醋酸钠或羟甲基-氨基醋酸钠为优先选择的。
在许多情况下,将式1二苯基甲烷衍生物和主要用于抑制在动物生物体之上或之中不希望的微生物生长的物质组合使用也是有利的。除常规的防腐剂外,在这方面值得提及的其它活性化合物,除大量常规抗生素外,具体是与化妆品有关的产品,例如三氯生、climbazol、辛氧基甘油(octoxyglycerol)、Octopirox(1-羟基-4-甲基-6-(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)-2(1H)-吡啶酮,2-氨基乙醇)、壳聚糖、法呢醇、甘油单月桂酸酯或所述物质的组合,尤其是,这些物质还用于防腋臭、脚臭或头皮屑。
另外,特别有利的是,式1二苯基甲烷衍生物还可以与具有抑制出汗活性的化合物(止汗剂)组合使用以控制身体气味。使用的具有抑制出汗活性的化合物具体是铝盐,例如氯化铝、水合氯化铝、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、醋酸盐等。另外,使用锌、镁和锆化合物也是有利的。基本上已经证明铝盐并在稍弱程度上证明铝盐/锆盐的组合用于化妆品和皮肤病止汗剂的效用。还值得一提的是部分中和的羟基氯化铝,皮肤可以更好耐受这些物质,但其效果不是很好。除铝盐之外,还可以利用其它物质,例如,a)蛋白质沉淀物质如甲醛、戊二醛、天然和合成的晒黑剂和三氯醋酸等,它们使汗腺表面闭合,b)局部麻醉剂(例如利多卡因、丙胺卡因或这些物质的混合物的稀释溶液等),它们通过阻断周围神经通路关闭汗腺的交感神经供应,c)X、A或Y型沸石,它们除减少汗液分泌外,还用作难闻气味的吸附剂,d)肉毒毒素(细菌肉毒杆菌的毒素),它还用于多汗症即病态型汗液分泌增加的情形中,其作用基于不可逆性阻断汗液分泌相关递质乙酰胆碱的释放。
在某些情况下,与(金属)鳌合剂组合也是有利的。在这种情况下,优选使用的(金属)鳌合剂是α-羟基脂肪酸、植酸、乳铁蛋白、α-羟基酸例如柠檬酸、乳酸和苹果酸等,以及腐殖酸、胆汁酸、胆汁提取物、胆红素、胆绿素或EDTA、EGTA及其衍生物等。
对于使用,以化妆品和皮肤病产品的常规方式,将足够量的具有化妆品和/或皮肤病活性的式1二苯基甲烷衍生物施用到皮肤和/或毛发。在这种情况下,含有根据本发明的混合物并且还用作防晒剂的化妆品和皮肤病配方具有特殊优点。有利的是,这些配方含有至少一种UVA滤光剂和/或至少一种UVB滤光剂和/或至少一种无机色素。在这种情况下,配方可以是多种形式,例如常规用于防晒配方的那些。因此,它们可以是诸如溶液、油包水型(W/O)或水包油型(O/W)的乳剂,或例如水包油包水型(W/O/W)的多重乳剂、凝胶、水分散系、固体条状物或气溶胶。
如上所述,特别有利的是,含有式1二苯基甲烷衍生物的配方可以与吸收UV辐射的物质组合使用,其中基于配方的总重量,滤光物质的总量例如为0.01%(m/m)-40%(m/m),优选0.1%-10%(m/m),更优选1.0-5.0%(m/m),以使得化妆品配方可以保护毛发和/或皮肤免受紫外辐射。有利的是,这些配方含有至少一种UVA滤光剂和/或至少一种UVB滤光剂和/或至少一种无机色素,从而实现至少>2(优选>5)的防护系数。在这种情况下,根据本发明的这些配方可以是多种形式,例如常规用于防晒配方的那些。因此,它们可以是诸如溶液、油包水型(W/O)或水包油型(O/W)的乳剂,或例如水包油包水(W/O/W)型的多重乳剂、凝胶、水分散系、固体条状物或气溶胶。
如果根据本发明的配方含有UVB滤光物质,则它们可以是油溶性的或水溶性的。有利的油溶性UVB滤光剂例如:3-苯亚甲基樟脑衍生物,优选3-(4-甲基苯亚甲基)樟脑、3-苯亚甲基樟脑;4-氨基苯甲酸衍生物,优选2-乙基己基4-(二甲基氨基)-苯甲酸酯、戊基4-(二甲基氨基)苯甲酸酯;肉桂酸酯,优选2-乙基己基4-甲氧基肉桂酸酯、异戊基4-甲氧基肉桂酸酯;水杨酸酯,优选水杨酸2-乙基己酯、水杨酸4-异丙苯甲酯、水杨酸高酯(homomenthyl);二苯甲酮衍生物,优选2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基-4’-甲基二苯甲酮、2,2’-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮;亚苄基丙二酸酯,优选二(2-乙基己基)4-甲氧基亚苄基丙二酸酯、2,4,6-三苯胺-(对碳-2’-乙基-1’-己氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪。有利的水溶性UVB滤光剂例如:2-苯基苯并咪唑-5-磺酸盐,如其钠、钾或三乙醇铵盐,以及磺酸本身;二苯甲酮的磺酸衍生物,优选2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮-5-磺酸及其盐;3-苯亚甲基樟脑的磺酸衍生物,例如4-(2-氧-3-bornylidenemethyl)苯磺酸、2-甲基-5-(2-氧-3-bornylidenemethyl)磺酸及其盐,1,4-二(2-氧-10-磺基-3-bornylidenemethyl)苯及其盐(对应10-硫酸根合化合物,例如对应的钠、钾或三乙醇铵盐)以及苯-1,4-二(2-氧-3-bornylidenemethyl-10-磺酸。
当然,可与式1二苯基甲烷衍生物组合使用的所述UVB滤光剂的以上清单不应该理解为穷举的。使用那些通常包含在化妆品配方中的UVA滤光剂也是有利的。这些物质优选是联苯甲酰甲烷的衍生物,具体是1-(4’-叔丁基苯基)-3-(4’-甲氧基苯基)-丙烷-1,3-二酮和1-苯基-3-(4’-异丙基苯基)-丙烷-1,3-二酮。
在化妆品配方中,式1二苯基甲烷衍生物可以有利地与诸如通常用于这种配方中的化妆品助剂组合,所述化妆品助剂例如:抗氧化剂;香料油;防起泡剂;着色剂;具有上色作用的颜料;增稠剂;表面活性物质;乳化剂;增塑物质;增湿和/或保湿物质;脂肪、油、蜡;化妆品配方的其它常规组分,如醇、多元醇、聚合物、泡沫稳定剂、电解质、有机溶剂或硅氧烷衍生物。
对于皮肤的局部预防性或美容性治疗,在含有式1二苯基甲烷衍生物的配方中治疗物质的高含量通常有利。根据优选实施方案,组合物中含有一种或多种动物和/或植物治疗性脂肪和油,例如橄榄油、向日葵油、净化的大豆油、棕榈油、芝麻油、菜籽油、杏仁油、琉璃苣油、夜来香油、椰子油、牛油树脂、霍霍巴油、鲸油、牛脂、牛蹄油和猪油,还可任选地含有其它的治疗成分,例如具有8-30个C原子的脂肪醇。这里的脂肪醇可以是饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的。例如,癸醇、癸烯醇(decenol)、辛醇、辛烯醇、十二烷醇、十二烯醇、辛二烯醇、癸二烯醇、十二碳二烯醇、油醇、蓖麻醇、芥子醇、十八烷醇、异十八烷醇、十六烷醇、十二烷醇、十四烷醇、二十烷醇、辛醇、癸醇、亚麻仁醇(linoleyl alcohol)、亚麻醇(linolenyl alcohol)和二十二烷醇以及其格尔伯特醇(guerbet alcohol)可以利用,在这种情况下,通过其它结构化学相关的醇事实上可以任意地扩展该清单。脂肪醇优选源于天然脂肪酸,通常通过还原对应的脂肪酸酯来制备。而且,也可以利用脂肪醇级分,该级分通过还原从天然存在的脂肪和脂肪油中形成,例如牛脂、花生油、菜籽油、棉花籽油、大豆油、向日葵油、棕榈仁油、亚麻仁油、玉米油、蓖麻油、油菜籽油、芝麻油、可可油和可可脂。
此外,可以优选的和式1二苯基甲烷衍生物组合的治疗物质还包括
-神经酰胺,神经酰胺被理解为N-酰基神经鞘氨醇(神经鞘氨醇的脂肪酸酰胺)或这种脂质的合成类似物(所谓拟神经酰胺),其明显提高角质层的保水能力。
-磷脂,例如大豆卵磷脂、蛋卵磷脂和脑磷脂。
-凡士林、石蜡和硅油;其中硅油包括二烷基-和烷基芳基-硅氧烷,例如聚二甲基硅氧烷和聚甲基苯基硅氧烷及其烷氧基化和季铵化的衍生物,等等。
动物和/或植物水解蛋白质也可以有利地加入到式1二苯基甲烷衍生物中。在这方面,特别有利的是弹性蛋白、胶原、角蛋白、乳蛋白质、大豆蛋白、燕麦蛋白、豌豆蛋白、杏仁蛋白和小麦蛋白级分或相应的水解蛋白及其与脂肪酸的缩合产物,以及季铵化水解蛋白,优选使用植物水解蛋白。
在含有式1二苯基甲烷衍生物的化妆品或皮肤病配方是溶液或乳液的情况下,所用溶剂可以有利地是:
-水或水溶液;
-脂肪油、脂肪、蜡和其它天然或合成的脂肪体,优选脂肪酸与具有低C数的醇形成的酯,所述低C数醇例如异丙醇、丙二醇或丙三醇,或脂肪醇与具有低C数的链烷酸或脂肪酸形成的酯;
-醇、二醇或低C数的多元醇,及其酯,优选乙醇、异丙醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、乙二醇、乙二醇单乙醚或乙二醇单丁醚、丙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单乙醚或丙二醇单丁醚、二甘醇单甲醚或二甘醇单乙醚以及类似产品。具体而言,可以使用上述溶剂的混合物。
在醇溶剂的情况下,水可以是另外的成分。
含有式1二苯基甲烷衍生物的化妆品配方还可以含有抗氧化剂,可以利用适合于或常规用于化妆品和/或皮肤病应用的所有抗氧化剂。有利的是,抗氧化剂选自下列物质:氨基酸(例如甘氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸)及其衍生物,咪唑(例如咪唑丙烯酸)及其衍生物,肽例如D,L-肌肽、D-肌肽、L-肌肽及其衍生物(例如鹅肌肽),类胡萝卜素,胡萝卜素(例如α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素)及其衍生物,硫辛酸及其衍生物(例如二氢硫辛酸),金硫葡糖、丙基硫尿嘧啶和其它硫醇(例如硫氧还蛋白、谷胱甘肽、半胱氨酸、胱氨酸、胱胺和其糖基、N-乙酰基、甲基、乙基、丙基、戊基、丁基和十二烷基十二烷基、棕榈酰、油基、γ-亚油基(linoleyl)、胆甾醇基及其甘油酯)及其盐,硫代二丙酸二月桂酯,硫代二丙酸硬脂酸酯、硫代二丙酸及其衍生物(酯、醚、肽、脂、核苷酸、核苷和盐),耐受剂量非常低的亚砜胺(sulphoximine)化合物(例如丁硫氨酸亚砜胺、高半胱氨酸亚砜胺、丁硫氨酸砜(buthionine sulphones)、五-、六-、七-硫氨酸亚砜胺),(金属)鳌合剂例如α-羟基脂肪酸、棕榈酸、植酸、乳铁蛋白、α-羟基酸(例如柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸)、腐殖酸、胆汁酸、胆汁提取物、胆红素、胆绿素、EDTA、EGTA及其衍生物,不饱和脂肪酸及其衍生物(例如γ-亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸),叶酸及其衍生物,泛醌和泛醌醇及其衍生物,维生素C及其衍生物(例如棕榈酸抗坏血酸酯、磷酸镁抗坏血酸酯、醋酸抗坏血酸酯),生育酚及其衍生物(例如维生素E醋酸酯),维生素A及其衍生物(例如维生素A棕榈酸酯)和安息香树脂的苯甲酸松柏酯,芸香苷酸及其衍生物,阿魏酸(ferrulic acid)及其衍生物,丁羟甲苯、丁羟茴香醚、去甲二氢guaiacic acid、去甲二氢愈创木酸、三羟基丁酰苯、尿酸及其衍生物、甘露糖及其衍生物,锌及其衍生物(例如ZnO、ZnSO4),硒及其衍生物(例如蛋氨酸硒),芪及其衍生物(例如氧化芪、反式氧化芪)以及所述活性化合物的衍生物(例如盐、酯、醚、糖、核苷酸、核苷、肽和脂)。
含有式1二苯基甲烷衍生物的化妆品配方还可以有利地含有维生素和维生素前体,可以利用适合于或常规用于化妆品和/或皮肤病应用的所有维生素和维生素前体。在此特别提及的维生素和维生素前体例如生育酚,维生素A,烟酸和烟酰胺,还有B族维生素,特别是生物素,和维生素C,泛醇及其衍生物,特别是泛醇的酯和醚、阳离子法获得的泛醇衍生物例如三乙酸泛醇酯、泛醇、单乙基醚及其单乙酸酯以及阳离子泛醇衍生物。
有利地含有式1二苯基甲烷衍生物的化妆品配方还可以含有消炎活性化合物和/或减轻发红和/或发痒的活性化合物。在这种情况下,可以利用适合于或常规用于化妆品和/或皮肤病应用的所有消炎活性化合物和减轻发红和/或发痒的活性化合物。有利的是,使用的这些消炎活性化合物和/或减轻发红和/或发痒的活性化合物是皮质甾体类的甾族消炎物质、例如氢化可的松、地塞米松、地塞米松磷酸盐、甲基强的松龙或可的松,可以加入其它的甾族消炎药剂来扩展该清单。也可以使用非甾族消炎药剂。下列物质可以作为实例:昔康类,例如吡罗昔康或替诺昔康;水杨酸盐,例如阿斯匹林、双水杨酸、乙酰水扬酸或芬度柳;乙酸衍生物,例如双氯芬酸、芬氯酸、吲哚美辛、舒林酸、托美汀或clindanac;芬那酯,甲芬那酸、氟芬那酸或尼氟灭酸;丙酸衍生物,例如布洛芬、萘普生、苯噁洛芬或吡唑,例如保泰松、氧苯基丁氮酮(oxyphenylbutazone)、febrazone或阿扎丙酮。作为替代方案,可以使用天然的消炎物质和减轻发红和/或发痒的物质。可以使用植物提取物,尤其是从植物提取物中分离出来的高活性植物提取级分和高纯活性物质。特别优选来自甘菊、芦荟、没药种、茜草种、柳、柳草、燕麦的提取物、级分和活性物质以及诸如红没药醇、芹菜苷配基-7-葡萄糖苷、乳香酸、植物甾醇、甘草甜味素、甘草黄酮或licochalkonA的纯物质。含有式1二苯基甲烷衍生物的配方还可以含有两种或更多种消炎活性化合物的混合物。
红没药醇、乳香酸和提取物以及从燕麦和松果菊中分离的高纯活性物质特别优选用于本发明;特别优选α-红没药醇和提取物以及从燕麦中分离的高纯活性物质。
配方中抗刺激物(一种或多种化合物)的量优选为0.0001-20%(m/m),更优选0.0001-10%(m/m),特别是0.001-5%(m/m),基于配方的总重量。
含有式1二苯基甲烷衍生物的化妆品配方还可有利地含有保湿剂。使用的保湿剂例如可以是下列物质:乳酸钠、脲、醇、山梨醇、甘油、丙二醇、胶原、弹性蛋白或透明质酸、二酰基己二酸、矿脂、依克多因(ectoin)、咪唑丙烯酸、卵磷脂、泛醇(pantheol)、phytanetriol、番茄红素、藻类提取物、神经酰胺、胆甾醇、糖脂类、壳聚糖、硫酸软骨素、聚氨基酸和糖、羊毛脂、羊毛酯、氨基酸、α-羟基酸(例如柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸)及其衍生物、糖(例如肌醇)、α-羟基脂肪酸、植物甾醇类、三萜烯酸(triterpene acid)如桦木酸或熊果酸、藻类提取物。
含有式1二苯基甲烷衍生物的化妆品配方还可有利地含有单-、二-和寡糖,例如葡萄糖、半乳糖、果糖、甘露糖、果糖和乳糖。
含有式1二苯基甲烷衍生物的化妆品配方还可有利地含有植物提取物,通常通过提取完整的植物来制备,但是在个别情况下也可以单独从植物的花和/或叶、木质、树皮或根提取。对于可利用的植物提取物,具体参考的提取物在Industrieverbandund Waschmittle e.V.(IKW),Frankfurt出版的Leitfaden zurInhaltsstoffdeklaration Kosmetischer Mittel(化妆品试剂成分的指导说明)第三版的始于44页的表中列出。来自芦荟、金缕梅、藻类、橡树皮、柳草、刺荨麻(stinging nettle)、野荨麻(dead nettle)、蛇麻草、甘菊、欧蓍草、山金车、金盏草、牛蒡根、问荆、山楂、菩提树花、杏树、松针、七叶树、檀香、桧属植物、椰子、芒果、杏、桔子、柠檬、酸橙、葡萄柚、苹果、绿茶、葡萄柚种子、小麦、燕麦、大麦、鼠尾草、百里香、罗勒、迷迭香、桦树、锦葵、bitter-crass、柳树皮、匍匐芒柄花、款冬、木槿、人参和姜根的提取物特别有利。其中,特别优选来自真芦荟、甘菊、藻类、迷迭香、金盏草、人参、黄瓜、鼠尾草、刺荨麻、菩提树花、山金车和金缕梅的提取物。也可以使用两种或更多种植物提取物的混合物。可用于制备所述植物提取物的提取剂是水、醇及其混合物等。在这些醇中,优选低级醇例如乙醇和异丙醇以及多元醇例如乙二醇、丙二醇和丁二醇,具体可以是单独的提取剂,也可和与水混合。可以纯的形式或稀释的形式使用植物提取物。
含有式1二苯基甲烷衍生物的化妆品配方还可含有阴离子、阳离子、非离子和/或两性表面活性剂,特别是当晶体或微晶固体例如无机微色素(micropigment)引入到配方中的时候。表面活性剂是两性物质,能够在水中溶解有机非极性物质。在这种情况下,表面活性剂分子的亲水性部分通常是极性官能团,例如-COO-、-OSO3 2-、-SO3 -,而疏水性部分通常是非极性烃基。通常根据分子亲水性部分的性质和电荷来划分表面活性剂,在此可分为四类:
·阴离子表面活性剂,
·阳离子表面活性剂,
·两性表面活性剂和
·非离子表面活性剂。
阴离子表面活性剂通常含有羧酸根、硫酸根或磺酸根作为官能团。在水溶液中,它们在酸性或中性介质中形成负电荷有机离子。事实上,阳离子表面活性剂的独有特征在于存在季铵基。在水溶液中,它们在酸性或中性介质中形成正电荷有机离子。两性表面活性剂含有阴离子和阳离子基团,因此在水性溶液中的行为类似于阴离子或阳离子表面活性剂,这取决于PH值。它们在强酸介质中具有正电荷,在碱性介质中具有负电荷。另一方面,在中性PH范围内,它们是两性离子。聚醚链是典型的非离子表面活性剂。非离子表面活性剂在含水介质中不形成离子。
A.阴离子表面活性剂
可有利地使用的阴离子表面活性剂是酰基氨基酸(及其盐),例如
-酰基谷氨酸盐,例如,酰基谷氨酸钠、双-TEA-棕榈酰天冬氨酸盐和辛基/癸基(caprin)谷氨酸钠,
-酰基肽,例如,棕榈酰-水解乳蛋白质、椰油基-水解大豆蛋白钠盐和椰油基-水解胶原蛋白钠/钾盐,
-肌氨酸盐,例如,肉豆蔻酰肌氨酸、月桂酰肌氨酸TEA、月桂酰肌氨酸钠和椰油酰基肌氨酸钠,
-牛磺酸盐,例如,月桂酰基牛磺酸钠和甲基椰油酰基牛磺酸钠,
-酰基乳酸盐、月桂酰乳酸盐、己酰乳酸盐
-丙氨酸盐(alaninate)
羧酸及其衍生物,例如,
-例如,月桂酸、硬脂酸铝、烷醇酸镁(magnesium alkanolate)以及十一烯酸锌,
-酯-羧酸,例如,硬脂酰乳酸钙、月桂基聚氧乙烯6醚柠檬酸盐和PEG-4十二酰胺羧酸钠,
-醚-羧酸,例如,月桂基聚氧乙烯13醚羧酸钠和PEG-6椰油酰胺羧酸钠(PEG-6cocamide carboxylate),
磷酸酯及其盐,例如,DEA-油醇醚-10磷酸盐和二月桂基聚氧乙烯4醚磷酸盐,磺酸及其盐,例如
-酰基羟基乙磺酸盐(acyl isothionate),例如椰油酰基羟基乙磺酸钠/铵(sodium/ammonium cocoyl-isethionate),
-烷芳磺酸盐,
-烷基磺酸盐,例如椰子单甘油硫酸钠、C12-14烯烃-磺酸钠十二烷基磺化乙酸钠和PEG-3椰油酰胺硫酸镁,
-磺基琥珀酸盐,例如,二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸二钠、月桂基磺基琥珀酸二钠和十一烯酰胺基单乙醇胺磺基琥珀酸二钠
和
硫酸酯,例如
-烷基醚硫酸盐,例如月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、铵、镁、MIPA、TIPA,十四烷基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和C12-13烷基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠,
-烷基硫酸盐,例如,月桂基硫酸钠、铵和TEA。
B.阳离子表面活性剂
可有利地使用的阳离子表面活性剂是
-烷基胺,
-烷基咪唑,
-乙氧基胺和
-季铵盐表面活性剂
RNH2CH2CH2COO-(PH=7)
RNHCH2CH2COO-B+(pH=12)B+=任意阳离子,例如Na+,
-酯基季铵盐(esterquats)。
季铵盐表面活性剂含有至少一个与4个烷基或芳基共价键合的N原子。这导致了与PH值无关的正电荷。烷基甜菜碱、烷基酰胺基丙基甜菜碱和烷基酰胺基丙基-羟基磺胺碱(hydroxysulfaine)是有利的。使用的阳离子表面活性剂还优选从包含下列物质的集合中选择:季铵化合物,尤其是苄基三烷基-氯化铵或溴化铵例如苄基二甲基十八烷基-氯化铵,和烷基三烷基铵盐例如十六烷基三甲基氯化铵或溴化铵,烷基二甲基羟乙基氯化铵或溴化铵,二烷基二甲基氯化铵或溴化铵,烷基酰胺基乙基-三甲基-醚硫酸铵,烷基吡啶鎓盐例如月桂基-或鲸蜡基氯化吡啶嗡,咪唑啉衍生物和阳离子特性的化合物诸如烷基二甲基-氧化胺或烷基酰胺基乙基二甲基氧化胺的氧化胺。使用鲸蜡基三甲基铵盐特别有利。
C.两性表面活性剂
可有利地使用的两性表面活性剂是
-酰基-/二烷基乙二胺,例如酰基两性醋酸钠、酰基两性二丙酸二钠、酰基两性二乙酸二钠、酰基两性羟基-丙磺酸钠、酰基两性二乙酸二钠和酰基两性丙酸钠,
-N-烷基氨基酸,例如氨基丙基烷基谷氨酰胺(aminopropylalkylglutamide)、烷基氨基丙酸、烷基亚氨基二丙酸钠和N-月桂酰胺基乙基-N-羟基乙基-N-羧甲基氨基乙酸钠。
D.非离子表面活性剂
可有利地使用的非离子表面活性剂是
-醇,
-烷醇酰胺,例如椰油酰胺MEV/DEA/MIPA,
-氧化胺,例如椰油酰胺丙基氧化胺,
-酯,通过羧酸与环氧乙烷、甘油、山梨聚糖或其它醇酯化形成。
-醚,例如乙氧基/丙氧基醇、乙氧基/丙氧基酯、乙氧基/丙氧基甘油酯、乙氧基/丙氧基胆甾醇、乙氧基/丙氧基甘油三酯、乙氧基/丙氧基羊毛脂、乙氧基/丙氧基聚硅氧烷、丙氧基POE醚和烷基聚葡糖苷,例如月桂基葡糖苷、癸基葡糖苷和椰油葡糖苷,
-蔗糖酯和醚
-聚甘油酯、二甘油酯、单甘油酯,
-甲基葡萄糖酯、羟基酸的酯。
将阴离子和/或两性表面活性剂与一种或多种非离子表面活性基组合使用也是有利的。
表面活性物质在根据含有式1二苯基甲烷衍生物的本发明的配方中的浓度可以在1-98%(m/m)之间,基于配方的总重量。
含有根据本发明的式1二苯基甲烷衍生物的化妆品或皮肤病配方也可以是乳剂形式。
油相可以有利地从下面的物质集合中选择:
-矿物油、矿物蜡;
-脂肪油、脂肪、蜡和其它天然和合成脂肪体,优选脂肪酸与具有低C数的醇形成的酯,所述低C数醇例如异丙醇、丙二醇或丙三醇,或脂肪醇与具有低C数的链烷酸或脂肪酸形成的酯;
-苯甲酸烷基酯;
-硅油,例如聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚二乙基硅氧烷、聚二苯基硅氧烷及其混合物。
有利地,可以利用(a)具有3-30C原子链长的饱和和/或不饱和、支链和/或直链烷烃羧酸与具有3-30C原子链长的饱和和/或不饱和、支链和/或直链醇的酯,(b)芳族羧酸与具有3-30C原子链长的饱和和/或不饱和、支链和/或直链醇的酯。优选的酯油是肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、硬脂酸异丙基酯、油酸异丙酯、硬脂酸正丁酯、月桂酸正己酯、油酸正癸酯、硬脂酸异辛酯、硬脂酸异壬酯、异壬酸异壬酯、2-乙基己基棕榈酸酯、2-乙基己基月桂酸酯、2-己基癸基硬脂酸酯,2-辛基十二烷基棕榈酸酯、油酸油酯、芥酸油酯、油酸芥酯、芥酸芥酯以及这些酯的合成、半合成和天然混合物,例如霍霍巴油。
另外,油相可以有利地选自包含支链和直链烃和蜡、硅油、二烷基醚的集合,选自包含饱和或不饱和、支链或直链醇以及脂肪酸甘油三酯、特别是具有8-24尤其是12-18个C原子链长的饱和和/或不饱和、支链和/或直链烷烃羧酸的甘油三酯的集合。三脂肪酸甘油酯可以有利地选自包含下列物质的集合:合成、半合成和天然油,例如橄榄油、向日葵油、大豆油、花生油、菜籽油、杏仁油、棕榈油、椰子油、棕榈仁油等等。也可以有利地使用这些油和蜡组分的任意混合物。在某些情况下,使用蜡例如棕榈酸鲸蜡酯作为油相的单一脂质组分也是有利的;有利的是,油相选自:2-乙基己基异硬脂酸酯、辛基十二醇、异壬酸异十三烷基酯、异二十烷、2-乙基己基椰油酸酯、C12-15烷基苯甲酸酯、辛酸-癸酸甘油三酯和二辛醚(dicaprylyl ether)。C12-15烷基苯甲酸酯和2-乙基己基异硬脂酸酯的混合物、C12-15烷基苯甲酸酯和异壬酸异十三烷基酯的混合物以及C12-15烷基苯甲酸酯、2-乙基己基异硬脂酸酯和异壬酸异十三烷基酯的混合物特别有利。还可有利地使用烃类石蜡油、角鲨烷和角鲨烯。有利的是,油相可进一步含有环状或线型硅油或完全由这类油组成,但除硅油和硅油类物质之外,还优选使用其它油相组分。环状聚二甲基硅氧烷(例如环状聚十甲基五硅氧烷)可以有利地用作硅油。但是,也可以有利地使用其它硅油类物质,例如环状聚十一甲基三硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷和聚(甲基-苯基硅氧烷)。另外,环状聚二甲基硅氧烷和异壬酸异十三烷基酯混合物以及环状聚二甲基硅氧烷和2-乙基己基异硬脂酸酯的混合物特别有利。
含有式1二苯基甲烷衍生物并为乳剂形式的配方的水相可有利地包含:醇、二醇或具有低C数的多元醇及其醚,优选乙醇、异丙醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、乙二醇、乙二醇单乙基或单丁基醚、丙二醇单甲基、单乙基或单丁基醚、二甘醇单甲基或单乙基醚以及类似产品,以及具有低C数的醇,例如乙醇、异丙醇、1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇,特别是一种或多种增稠剂。该增稠剂可以有利地选自包含二氧化硅、硅酸铝、多糖及其衍生物例如透明质酸、黄原胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素的集合,特别有利地选自包含聚丙烯酸酯的集合,所述聚丙烯酸酯是优选选自包含所谓卡巴浦尔(carbopol)的聚丙烯酸酯例如980、981、1382、2984、5984型卡波姆的集合,每种情况下它们单独使用或组合使用。
含有根据本发明的式1二苯基甲烷衍生物并为乳剂形式的配方有利地含有一种或多种乳化剂。例如,O/W乳化剂可以有利地选自包含聚乙氧基化或聚丙氧基化或聚乙氧基和聚丙氧基化产物的集合,例如:
-脂肪醇乙氧基化物,
-乙氧基羊毛蜡醇,
-通式为R-O-(-CH2-CH2-O-)n-R′的聚乙二醇醚,
-通式为R-COO-(-CH2-CH2-O-)n-H的脂肪酸乙氧基化物,
-通式为R-COO-(-CH2-CH2-O-)n-R′的醚化脂肪酸乙氧基化物,
-通式为R-COO-(-CH2-CH2-O-)n-C(O)-R′的酯化脂肪酸乙氧基化物,
-聚乙二醇甘油脂肪酸酯,
-乙氧基化山梨聚糖酯,
-胆甾醇乙氧基化物,
-乙氧基化甘油三酸酯,
-通式为R-COO-(-CH2-CH2-O-)n-OOH的烷基醚羧酸,n表示从5到30的数,
-聚氧乙烯山梨醇脂肪酸酯,
-通式为R-O-(-CH2-CH2-O-)n-SO3-H的烷基醚硫酸盐,
-通式为R-O-(-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-)n-H的脂肪醇丙氧基化物,
-通式为R-O-(-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-)n-R′的聚丙二醇醚,
-丙氧基羊毛蜡醇,
-酯化脂肪酸丙氧基化物R-COO-(-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-)n-R′,
-通式为R-COO-(-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-)n-C(O)-R′的酯化脂肪酸丙氧基化物,
-通式为R-COO-(-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-)n-H的脂肪酸丙氧基化物,
-聚丙二醇甘油脂肪酸酯,
-丙氧基化山梨聚糖酯,
-胆甾醇丙氧基化物,
-丙氧基化甘油三酸酯,
-通式为R-O-(-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-)n-CH2-COOH的烷基醚羧酸,
-通式为R-O-(-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-)n-SO3-H的烷基醚硫酸盐和这些硫酸盐所基于的酸,
-通式为R-O-Xn-Ym-H的脂肪醇乙氧基化物/丙氧基化物,
-通式为R-O-Xn-Ym-R′的聚丙二醇醚,
-通式为R-COO-Xn-Ym-R′的酯化脂肪酸丙氧基化物,
-通式为R-COO-Xn-Ym-H的脂肪酸乙氧基化物/丙氧基化物。
根据本发明,在当O/W乳化剂含有饱和基R和R’时,使用的聚乙氧基化或聚丙氧基化或聚乙氧基和聚丙氧基化O/W乳化剂有利地选自包含HLB值为11-18、特别是HLB值为14.5-15.5的物质的集合。如果O/W乳化剂含不有饱和基R和/或R’,或存在异烷基衍生物,优选的O/W乳化剂HLB值可更低或更高。
从包含乙氧基化硬酯醇、鲸蜡醇、鲸蜡基硬酯醇(十六/十八醇)的集合中选择脂肪醇乙氧基化物是有利的,特别优选下列物质:
聚乙二醇(13)硬脂醚(硬脂基聚氧乙烯(13)醚)、聚乙二醇(14)硬脂醚(硬脂基聚氧乙烯(14)醚)、聚乙二醇(15)硬脂醚(硬脂基聚氧乙烯(15)醚)、聚乙二醇(16)硬脂醚(硬脂基聚氧乙烯(16)醚)、聚乙二醇(17)硬脂醚(硬脂基聚氧乙烯(17)醚)、聚乙二醇(18)硬脂醚(硬脂基聚氧乙烯(18)醚)、聚乙二醇(19)硬脂醚(硬脂基聚氧乙烯(19)醚)、聚乙二醇(20)硬脂醚(硬脂基聚氧乙烯(20)醚)、聚乙二醇(12)异硬脂醚(异硬脂基聚氧乙烯(12)醚)、聚乙二醇(13)异硬脂醚(异硬脂基聚氧乙烯(13)醚)、聚乙二醇(14)异硬脂醚(异硬脂基聚氧乙烯(14)醚)、聚乙二醇(15)异硬脂醚(异硬脂基聚氧乙烯(15)醚)、聚乙二醇(16)异硬脂醚(异硬脂基聚氧乙烯(16)醚)、聚乙二醇(17)异硬脂醚(异硬脂基聚氧乙烯(17)醚)、聚乙二醇(18)异硬脂醚(异硬脂基聚氧乙烯(18)醚)、聚乙二醇(19)异硬脂醚(异硬脂基聚氧乙烯(19)醚)、聚乙二醇(20)异硬脂醚(异硬脂基聚氧乙烯(20)醚)、聚乙二醇(13)十六烷基醚(十六烷基聚氧乙烯(13)醚)、聚乙二醇(14)十六烷基醚(十六烷基聚氧乙烯(14)醚)、聚乙二醇(15)十六烷基醚(十六烷基聚氧乙烯(15)醚)、聚乙二醇(16)十六烷基醚(十六烷基聚氧乙烯(16)醚)、聚乙二醇(17)十六烷基醚(十六烷基聚氧乙烯(17)醚)、聚乙二醇(18)十六烷基醚(十六烷基聚氧乙烯(18)醚)、聚乙二醇(19)十六烷基醚(十六烷基聚氧乙烯(19)醚)、聚乙二醇(20)十六烷基醚(十六烷基聚氧乙烯(20)醚)、聚乙二醇(13)异十六烷基醚(异十六烷基聚氧乙烯(13)醚)、聚乙二醇(14)异十六烷基醚(异十六烷基聚氧乙烯(14)醚)、聚乙二醇(15)异十六烷基醚(异十六烷基聚氧乙烯(15)醚)、聚乙二醇(16)异十六烷基醚(异十六烷基聚氧乙烯(16)醚)、聚乙二醇(17)异十六烷基醚(异十六烷基聚氧乙烯(17)醚)、聚乙二醇(18)异十六烷基醚(异十六烷基聚氧乙烯(18)醚)、聚乙二醇(19)异十六烷基醚(异十六烷基聚氧乙烯(19)醚)、聚乙二醇(20)异十六烷基醚(异十六烷基聚氧乙烯(20)醚)、聚乙二醇(12)油基醚(油基聚氧乙烯(12)醚)、聚乙二醇(13)油基醚(油基聚氧乙烯(13)醚)、聚乙二醇(14)油基醚(油基聚氧乙烯(14)醚)、聚乙二醇(15)油基醚(油基聚氧乙烯(15)醚)、聚乙二醇(12)月桂基醚(月桂基聚氧乙烯(12)醚)、聚乙二醇(12)异月桂基醚(异月桂基聚氧乙烯(12)醚)、聚乙二醇(13)鲸蜡基硬脂基醚(十六/十八醇聚氧乙烯(13)醚)、聚乙二醇(14)鲸蜡基硬脂基醚(十六/十八醇聚氧乙烯(14)醚)、聚乙二醇(15)鲸蜡基硬脂基醚(十六/十八醇聚氧乙烯(15)醚)、聚乙二醇(16)鲸蜡基硬脂基醚(十六/十八醇聚氧乙烯(16)醚)、聚乙二醇(17)鲸蜡基硬脂基醚(十六/十八醇聚氧乙烯(17)醚)、聚乙二醇(18)鲸蜡基硬脂基醚(十六/十八醇聚氧乙烯(18)醚)、聚乙二醇(19)鲸蜡基硬脂基醚(十六/十八醇聚氧乙烯(19)醚)、聚乙二醇(20)鲸蜡基硬脂基醚(十六/十八醇聚氧乙烯(20)醚)。
从下列集合中选择脂肪酸乙氧基化物也是有利的:
聚乙二醇(20)硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(21)硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(22)硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(23)硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(24)硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(25)硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(12)异硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(13)异硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(14)异硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(15)异硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(16)异硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(17)异硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(18)异硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(19)异硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(20)异硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(21)异硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(22)异硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(23)异硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(24)异硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(25)异硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(12)油酸酯、聚乙二醇(13)油酸酯、聚乙二醇(14)油酸酯、聚乙二醇(15)油酸酯、聚乙二醇(16)油酸酯、聚乙二醇(17)油酸酯、聚乙二醇(18)油酸酯、聚乙二醇(19)油酸酯、聚乙二醇(20)油酸酯。
有利的是,月桂基聚氧乙烯(11)醚羧酸钠可用作乙氧基烷基醚羧酸或其盐。月桂基聚氧乙烯(1-4)醚硫酸钠可有利地用作烷基醚硫酸盐。聚乙二醇(30)胆甾醇醚可有利地用作乙氧基胆甾醇衍生物。已经证实聚乙二醇(25)大豆甾醇也是有用的。
聚乙二醇(60)夜来香甘油酯可有利地用作乙氧基甘油三酸脂。
从含有下列物质的集合中选择聚乙二醇甘油脂肪酸酯也有利:聚乙二醇(20)甘油月桂酸酯、聚乙二醇(21)甘油月桂酸酯、聚乙二醇(22)甘油月桂酸酯、聚乙二醇(23)甘油月桂酸酯、聚乙二醇(6)甘油癸酸酯/caprinate、聚乙二醇(20)甘油油酸酯、聚乙二醇(20)甘油异硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(18)甘油油酸酯/椰油酸酯。
从含有下列物质的集合中选择山梨聚糖酯也有利:聚乙二醇(20)山梨聚糖单月桂酸酯、聚乙二醇(20)山梨聚糖单硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(20)山梨聚糖单异硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇(20)山梨聚糖单棕榈酸酯、聚乙二醇(20)山梨聚糖单油酸酯。
下列物质可用作有利的W/O乳化剂:具有8-30碳原子的脂肪醇、具有8-24尤其是12-18个C原子链长的饱和和/或不饱和、支链和/或直链烷烃羧酸的甘油单酯,具有8-24尤其是12-18个C原子链长的饱和和/或不饱和、支链和/或直链烷烃羧酸的甘油二酯,具有8-24尤其是12-18个C原子链长的饱和和/或不饱和、支链和/或直链醇的甘油单醚,具有8-24尤其是12-18个C原子链长的饱和和/或不饱和、支链和/或直链醇的甘油二醚、具有8-24尤其是12-18个C原子链长的饱和和/或不饱和、支链和/或直链烷烃羧酸的丙二醇酯以及具有8-24尤其是12-18个C原子链长的饱和和/或不饱和、支链和/或直链烷烃羧酸山梨聚糖酯。
特别有利的W/O乳化剂是单硬脂酸甘油酯、单异硬脂酸甘油酯、单肉豆蔻酸甘油酯、单油酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸二甘油酯、单异硬脂酸二甘油酯、单硬脂酸丙二醇酯、单异硬酯酸丙二醇酯、单辛酸丙二醇酯、单月桂酸丙二醇酯、单异硬酯酸山梨聚糖酯、单月桂酸山梨聚糖酯、单辛酸山梨聚糖酯、单异油酸山梨聚糖酯、二硬脂酸蔗糖酯、鲸蜡醇、硬脂醇、花生醇、二十二烷醇、异二十二烷醇、鲨油醇、鲛肝醇、聚乙二醇(2)硬脂基醚(硬脂基聚氧乙烯(2)醚)、单月桂酸甘油酯、单癸酸(caprinate)甘油酯、单辛酸甘油酯。
从所附的专利权利要求书以及下文的实施例可以了解本发明的优选实施方案和其它方面。
实施例1:
测定苯乙烯基间苯二酚(4)的酪氨酸酶抑制作用的实验
从在3T3纤维肉瘤细胞或B16V小鼠黑素瘤细胞上进行的下述实验可以发现,式1二苯基甲烷衍生物(其中R1-5均具有上文所示含义)用作亮肤剂和抗老年斑药剂非常优异。
A.(细胞毒性测定)
3T3纤维肉瘤细胞或B16V小鼠黑素瘤细胞以1×104细胞/孔(3T3)或2×104细胞/孔(B16V)的浓度分布在96-孔微滴定板中。在富含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基(3T3细胞)或RPMI培养基(B16V细胞)中于37℃和5%CO2下培养24小时后,抽吸去除培养基。加入溶解在富含5%胎牛血清的新鲜培养基中的各种浓度的测试物质,该板再孵育48h。利用浓度为0.01mM、0.1mM、1mM和10mM的SDS作为标准品来进行平行孵育。孵育后,通过抽吸去除培养基,将细胞与MTT(3-[4,5-二甲基-2-噻唑]-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑)一起孵育2h。用乙酸的DMSO溶液酸化的SDS提取染料后(10min),在570nm处测量吸收(A)。
计算对照、空白以及样品的平均值和标准偏差。从对照和样品的平均值中减去空白的平均值。细胞的存活力表示为相对于对照的百分数(100%):
存活力(%)=(A测试化合物/A对照)×100
表1:细胞毒性(MTT/LDH分析,3T3纤维肉瘤或B16V小鼠黑素瘤细胞)——苯乙烯基间苯二酚、4-己基间苯二酚和曲酸的IC50和IC20值。
n.d.:未测定
细胞毒理学实验表明,苯乙烯基间苯二酚具有较低的细胞毒性,大约与同样用在食品化学中的4-己基间苯二酚的毒性相当。
B.与曲酸和4-己基间苯二酚相比的苯乙烯基间苯二酚(4)的IC
50
值
依照下面描述的一般测试条件测定苯乙烯基间苯二酚(4)、曲酸和4-己基间苯二酚的IC50值并在表2中概括。
测试方法:B16V小鼠黑素瘤细胞以5×103细胞/孔的浓度分布在96-孔微滴定板中。在富含10%胎牛血清的RPMI培养基中于37℃和5%CO2下培养24小时后,加入各种浓度的测试物质和10nM α-MSH(α-黑素细胞刺激激素),该板再孵育96h。使用的测试物质的最大浓度对应于毒性化验特定IC20值的0.1倍。利用浓度为0.01mM、0.1mM和1mM的曲酸作为标准品来进行平行孵育。孵育后,在培养基中加入SDS和NaOH(终浓度分别为1mM和1M),3h后在400nm处测量吸收(A)。
根据下列公式计算存在测试化合物或曲酸条件下的着色抑制率:
着色抑制率(%)=100-[(A测试化合物/A对照)×100]
从系列测试化合物稀释物的着色抑制率(%)计算每一种测试化合物的IC50。IC50是抑制50%着色的情况下测试化合物的浓度。
表2:增亮效果(B16V小鼠黑素瘤细胞)-苯乙烯基间苯二酚、4-己基间苯二酚和曲酸的IC50值。
测试物质 | IC<sub>50</sub>(μM) |
曲酸 | 452.3 |
苯乙烯基间苯二酚(4) | 2.1 |
4-己基间苯二酚 | 5.2 |
如表2所示,苯乙烯基间苯二酚在非常低的浓度下明显地抑制酪氨酸酶活性,因而特别适合用作皮肤和毛发增亮剂以及抗老年斑药剂。曲酸是已常用于皮肤和毛发增亮以及控制老年斑的化妆品产品中的活性物质,但并不是毒理学上可完全接收的,和曲酸相比,根据本发明的苯乙烯基间苯二酚(化学式4)的活性超出约215倍。和4-己基间苯二酚相比,苯乙烯基间苯二酚(化学式4)的效果仍超出两倍。因此,和曲酸比较,4-己基间苯二酚的效果仅超出约87倍。
上述实验清楚地表明,式1二苯基甲烷衍生物(其中R1-R5具有上文所示含义并且上文已陈述的关于R1-R5的优选含义也适用)强烈抑制酪氨酸酶,因此特别适合用作皮肤和毛发增亮剂\用于抗老年斑和/或在食品化学中用作褐变抑制剂。
Claims (8)
3.根据权利要求1或2的用途,其中式1化合物是苯乙烯基间苯二酚。
7.式1化合物或者含有一种或多种式1化合物的物质混合物用于制备(a)抗皮肤和毛发褐变、(b)抗老年斑和/或(c)抑制不希望的食品褐变的药剂的用途,
其中:
R1是
-氢
-甲基
-具有2-4个C原子的直链或支链、饱和或不饱和烷基
-OH或
-卤素,
R2是
-氢
-甲基或
-具有2-5个C原子的直链或支链、饱和或不饱和烷基,
R3是
-甲基或
-具有2-5个C原子的直链或支链、饱和或不饱和烷基,
并且
R4和R5各自独立地是
-氢
-甲基
-具有2-5个C原子的直链或支链、饱和或不饱和烷基
-OH或
-卤素。
8.根据权利要求7的用途,其中式1化合物是苯乙烯基间苯二酚。
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EP0423470A1 (en) * | 1989-10-16 | 1991-04-24 | Seiwa Technological Laboratories, Limited | Method of preventing color change of food |
US5202141A (en) * | 1990-02-05 | 1993-04-13 | Mcevily Arthur J | Compositions and methods for inhibiting browning in foods and beverages |
US5399785A (en) * | 1992-08-05 | 1995-03-21 | Nippon Paint Co., Ltd. | Tyrosinase activity inhibitor |
WO2000056279A1 (en) * | 1999-03-22 | 2000-09-28 | Pfizer Inc. | Resorcinol composition |
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ATE369755T1 (de) | 2007-09-15 |
DE502004004659D1 (de) | 2007-09-27 |
JP2006526005A (ja) | 2006-11-16 |
BRPI0410888A (pt) | 2006-07-04 |
JP4733018B2 (ja) | 2011-07-27 |
KR20060014402A (ko) | 2006-02-15 |
CN1798550A (zh) | 2006-07-05 |
WO2004105736A8 (de) | 2006-10-05 |
EP1633206B1 (de) | 2007-08-15 |
HK1086169A1 (en) | 2006-09-15 |
US9655824B2 (en) | 2017-05-23 |
EP1633206A1 (de) | 2006-03-15 |
ZA200510114B (en) | 2006-12-27 |
ES2289532T3 (es) | 2008-02-01 |
DE10324566A1 (de) | 2004-12-16 |
US20070098655A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
WO2004105736A1 (de) | 2004-12-09 |
KR101118139B1 (ko) | 2012-06-20 |
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