CN100441084C - Industrial cultivating method for cyclamen - Google Patents

Industrial cultivating method for cyclamen Download PDF

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CN100441084C
CN100441084C CNB2004100665656A CN200410066565A CN100441084C CN 100441084 C CN100441084 C CN 100441084C CN B2004100665656 A CNB2004100665656 A CN B2004100665656A CN 200410066565 A CN200410066565 A CN 200410066565A CN 100441084 C CN100441084 C CN 100441084C
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cyclamen
seedling
cultivating method
matrix
temperature
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CN1586110A (en
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郑勇平
柴江权
王宗标
茅淑敏
余有祥
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Zhejiang Senhe Seed Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Senhe Seed Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to an industrial cultivating method for cyclamen, which belongs to the technical field of flower cultivation. The present invention is characterized in that the industrial cultivating method for cyclamen comprises the following steps: (1) seeds are sowed and transferred to a germination room (2) the germination room is kept in the conditions of the constant temperature of 15 to 20 DEG C, the humidity of 94 to 96 % and in a completely dark state; (3) seedling period management; (4) seedling transplantation; (5) seedling potting; (6) seedling hardening off before summer; (7) management in summer; (8) management after high temperature; (9) flower period management. The present invention can be suitable for climatic conditions in China and is particularly suitable for unique subtropical monsoon climates and low altitude area characteristics in southeast coastal areas. The present invention solves the technical problems of industrial cultivation for cyclamen, has the advantages of simple production process, low cost and high quality and has favorable ornamental value and an extensive market prospect.

Description

Industrial cultivating method for cyclamen
Technical field
The invention belongs to floriculture art field, be specially industrial cultivating method for cyclamen.
Background technology
Ivyleaf cyclamen (Cyclamen spp.) has another name called product hat, radish Malus spectabilis, radish lotus, cyclamen, lobe lobe lotus, for Primulaceae (Primulaceae), belongs to perennial flowering bulb, originates in north African, southern Europe and West Asia, and is more concentrated with the littoral distribution in Mediterranean.Ivyleaf cyclamen flower uniqueness, the flower amount is big, rich color, viewing period is long, and full-bloom stage is in the flowers consumption busy seasons such as Christmas Day, New Year's Day, the Spring Festival, is one of the world's ten big famous flowers, and is very popular.Introduce China from the thirties in 20th century, comparatively general with northern greenhouse culture.The ivyleaf cyclamen potted flower is as pandemic a kind of medium-to-high grade potted flower, existing nearly 400 years plantation history in Europe, with the Mediterranean bank is the centre of origin, has formed very abundant horticultural population, the huge market demand by gardening scholar's continuous cultivation and selection generation by generation.At present external ivyleaf cyclamen factory culture, the summer technology is difficult to grasp more, and production cost height, high-quality flowers rate are low.China is vast in territory, the physioclimate aboundresources, the particularly economic flourishing southeastern coastal areas, unique subtropics monsoon type weather and low height above sea level region characteristic, with the greatest differences of ivyleaf cyclamen area of origin, make the ivyleaf cyclamen factory culture face new technical problem.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve problems of the prior art, and design provides the technical scheme of the industrial cultivating method for cyclamen of a kind of suitable China weather conditions, and production technology is simple, cost is low.
Described industrial cultivating method for cyclamen is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) according to the characteristic of different strains, in sowing time, adopt cave dish or square position, with the medium in tray that mixes, with the program request of ivyleaf cyclamen seed, the program request degree of depth is 4-6mm, covers with matrix, waters permeablely, moves into growing floor;
(2) growing floor keeps 15-20 ℃ of constant temperature, and humidity is controlled at 94-96%, and keeps the black full state of growing floor;
(3) broadcast back 3-4 week, it is transferred in the greenhouse of temperature control between 15-25 ℃ during in 50%-60%, cotyledon length, carry out the seedling period management at 1-3cm when the unearthed rate of seed;
(4) when seedling grows 3-5 sheet true leaf, carry out seedling replanting;
(5) when seedling grows 8-12 sheet true leaf, with basin on the seedling;
(6) carried out hardening before the summer more, generally water when soil humidity drops to 30-40%, combination in 10-15 days is watered and is applied fertilizer behind the last basin, keeps matrix EC value between 0.5-0.8, and gives 50000Lux following illumination;
(7) summer field management reason was more watered once every 1-2 days, every 3-5 days in conjunction with watering fertilising, matrix EC value maintains between the 0.8-1.2, adopts two-layer 60% shading screen, and lowers the temperature by spraying and ventilation, temperature of shed is controlled at 18-30 ℃, and air humidity is controlled at 70-80%;
(8) manage behind the high temperature, soil humidity waters once during for 40-50%, keeps matrix EC value between 1.2-1.8;
(9) flowering stage management adopts drip irrigation to water, and weekly in conjunction with fertilizing, watering once, controls in the canopy minimum temperature 10-15 ℃ gradually according to outdoor temperature, and ventilates or add the temperature control air humidity between 75-85%.
Above-mentioned cultivation method, can adapt to China's weather conditions, the subtropics monsoon type weather and the low height above sea level region characteristic of suitable especially southeastern coast uniqueness, solved the technical problem of ivyleaf cyclamen factory culture, and production technology is simple, cost is low, the ivyleaf cyclamen quality height that production obtains has good ornamental value and vast market prospect.
Embodiment
According to the characteristic of different strains, in sowing time, adopt the cave dish or the square position in 288,128 holes, with the medium in tray that mixes.Sowing time is usually by the hereditary capacity of seed, the weather conditions of planting site and the Time To Market decision of finished product.Generally in November-January next year, middle colored type kind then can be postponed sowing in 15-30 days in southern area Da Hua type kind, and mini kind should be carried out between the month at 12-1.Along with the rising of latitude, will suitably shift to an earlier date sowing time, do not have the area of obstacle but get over the summer ivyleaf cyclamen, and can delay relatively its sowing time.That sowing media is selected for use is loose, ventilative, the yellow peat of less salt, little acid, and PH is 5.8-6.2, wherein sneaks in the vermiculite of 15-25% and every cubic metre of matrix to add 1-2 kilogram-metre Le Er insecticide.With the program request of ivyleaf cyclamen seed, the program request degree of depth is 4-6mm, covers with matrix, waters permeablely, moves into growing floor.
Growing floor keeps 15-20 ℃ of constant temperature, and humidity is controlled at 94-96%, and keeps the black full state of growing floor.Generally speaking, the Japan cultivars germination temperature is 15-17 ℃, and American-European kind germination temperature is for being about 18 ℃.
Broadcast back 3-4 week, it is transferred in the greenhouse of temperature control between 15-25 ℃ during in 50-60%, cotyledon length, carry out the seedling period management at 1-3cm when the unearthed rate of seed.
When seedling grows 3-5 sheet true leaf, carry out seedling replanting.The matrix of seedling replanting is selected special-purpose peat for use, or is 5 by homemade peat, thick vermiculite, perlite: 2-3: the mixture of 1-2 volume ratio, and matrix must be through sterilization, and the nutritive cube of the cave in 50 holes of packing into dish or diameter 8cm can be transplanted.Yellow peat is import sphagna peat, and special-purpose peat is the import sphagna peat of growing seedlings, and homemade peat is the peat composed of rotten mosses that northeast produces.The root of trying not during lifting to hinder will in time water permeablely after planting, the back ivyleaf cyclamen bottom set 1/3 that waters will expose native face, suitably shades a week.Maximum illumination behind the seedling replanting is no more than 20000Lux, nocturnal temperature remains on 17-19 ℃, when noon, temperature was too high, the cooling of need shading added forced ventilation, transplant seedlings after 2 weeks, reduce soil humidity gradually, promote root system to grow fast, slowly increase illumination simultaneously, require illumination≤3000Lux, prevent the petiole excessive growth that makes progress.Used fertilizer is that 20-10-20 type and 15-10-30 type composite fertilizer are diluted to 1500-2000 doubly, is used alternatingly, and executes disposable fertilizer weekly.
When seedling grows 8-12 sheet true leaf, with basin on the seedling.Will control the fertile consumption of N on rich water quality management, execute P, K fertilizer more, suitably control water, medium water-holding capacity≤40% is given illumination as far as possible, satisfies at 3000-5000Lux as far as possible.The matrix of basin is selected light soil-less matrix for use on the seedling.Light soil-less matrix is a kind of in the following volume ratio mixture: A, Canadian peat: perlite: vermiculite=6: 3: 1 or 6: 2: 2; B, northeast peat: perlite: vermiculite=6: 3: 1 or 6: 2: 2; C, northeast peat: perlite: coconut palm chaff=6: 2: 2; D, northeast peat: perlite: rice chaff ash=6: 3: 1.General import peat, adjusted the PH and the EC value of matrix, added an amount of nutritive element, and, can directly use through high-temperature sterilization, cultivation effect is pretty good, but cost is higher.Also there is abundant peat resource in northeast of China and south, and the peat that wherein fiber is long, ash is few also can be used as cultivation matrix.When using the coconut palm chaff, soak 2-3 days, its too much salt thoroughly can be used after the cleaning with clear water.
Carried out hardening before summer more, generally water when soil humidity drops to 30-40%, combination in 10-15 days is watered and is applied fertilizer behind the last basin, keeps matrix EC value between 0.5-0.8, and gives 50000Lux following illumination.Used fertilizer of hardening phase was diluted to 2000 times for 20-10-20 type composite fertilizer in previous month, and the later stage is that 15-10-30 type composite fertilizer is diluted to 1000 times.
More the summer field management reason was watered once every 1-2 days, every 3-5 days in conjunction with watering fertilising, matrix EC value maintains between the 0.8-1.2.Used fertilizer is that 15-10-30 type composite fertilizer is diluted to 1200-1800 doubly during the summer field management reason more, grasps the principle that thin fertile duty is executed.Adopt two-layer 60% shading screen, morning, the 8-9 point hid one deck earlier, hid one deck again after temperature rises gradually, removed one deck afternoon when temperature begins to descend earlier, received one deck during to the 16-17 point again.And lower the temperature by spraying and ventilation, with short spray and short being spaced apart, temperature of shed is controlled at 18-30 ℃, and air humidity is controlled at 70-80%.
Manage behind the high temperature, just need water one time water when fine in 2-3 days, generally when matrix is half-dried, promptly water once during humidity 40-50%.The used fertilizer of administration period is that 20-10-10 type or 15-10-20 type composite fertilizer are diluted to 2000 times behind the high temperature, brings up in week at 2-3 and is diluted to 1000 times.Keep matrix EC value between 1.2-1.8, shade or lower the temperature with spraying.Above-mentioned composite fertilizer type figure refers to nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, the weight percentage of potassium oxide in this composite fertilizer respectively.
The shaping of ivyleaf cyclamen all can be carried out in the whole growth cycle, and purpose is in order to regulate the relation of growing, in time to clear up dead leaf, sick leaf, adjusted the blade level, and balanced plant illumination makes healthy more, the evenly growth of plant, strengthens the whole appreciation effect of plant.When blade sharply increases, center vane is pulled outwardly, want attention action soft when drawing leaf, press the petiole natural growing direction, and avoid high temperature or the rainy day carries out, to spray with the universal bactericide after extracing the disease dead leaf at every turn and drawing leaf.
Flowering stage management adopts drip irrigation to water, and weekly in conjunction with fertilizing, watering once, controls in the canopy minimum temperature 10-15 ℃ gradually according to outdoor temperature, and ventilates or add the temperature control air humidity between 75-85%.November, temperature began obvious decline, check the sealing of booth ahead of time, prepared to heat facility.Go out between the florescence, keep minimum 10 ℃ temperature.If flower forcing then will keep 15 ℃ minimum temperature, wait slowly to drop to 10 ℃ again after reaching requirement, but kind of blooming period prolonging like this.Will consider extraneous natural temperature when setting minimum temperature, can not differ too big, otherwise plant be wilted easily after going out the garden, flowering stage is also short.Duration of flowering will allow the ivyleaf cyclamen plant fully accept illumination, lacks sunlight and can cause the pattern dimness not gorgeous.Enter November particularly after December, if the airtight insulation of booth, humidity can be very big, makes the gray mold aggravation.Add forced ventilation and reduce relative moisture all very important,, also can fall wet by heating even also want the ventilation of windowing of short time in case of necessity under the situation that ambient temperature is very low to improving end product quality and quantity.
The disease control of ivyleaf cyclamen factory culture mainly is the control of damping off, bacillary leaf rot, bacterial slimy soft rot, gray mold.The control of damping off, the initial stage is with upright withered clean spraying or irritate root, rather irritates root with root-rot, and the seedling phase is strengthened ventilating in the greenhouse.The control of bacillary leaf rot should in time be rejected and be infected diseased plant, and ventilation drying is won, can kill to such an extent that spray prevention at premorbid with organic copper such as section.The control of bacterial slimy soft rot, flowerpot are scrubbed with 1% copper sulfate solution in advance, and control is watered, and make plant injury-free during operation.The control of gray mold, control temp. and humidity, strengthen cultivation management, grab punctual machine chemical control, just the morbidity hour wheel is used medicine instead, select Sukeling, iprodione, thiophanate methyl, Jiameiling, the precious ultra micro pulvis of mildew-resistant etc. for use, in the sealing booth, can use controls such as 45% tpn aerosol or 10% Sukeling aerosol.

Claims (9)

1. industrial cultivating method for cyclamen is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) according to the characteristic of different strains, in sowing time, adopt cave dish or square position, with the medium in tray that mixes, with the program request of ivyleaf cyclamen seed, the program request degree of depth is 4-6mm, covers with matrix, waters permeablely, moves into growing floor;
(2) growing floor keeps 15-20 ℃ of constant temperature, and humidity is controlled at 94-96%, and keeps the black full state of growing floor;
(3) broadcast back 3-4 week, it is transferred in the greenhouse of temperature control between 15-25 ℃ during in 50-60%, cotyledon length, carry out the seedling period management at 1-3cm when the unearthed rate of seed;
(4) when seedling grows 3-5 sheet true leaf, carry out seedling replanting;
(5) when seedling grows 8-12 sheet true leaf, with basin on the seedling;
(6) carried out hardening before the summer more, generally water when soil humidity drops to 30-40%, combination in 10-15 days is watered and is applied fertilizer behind the last basin, keeps matrix EC value between 0.5-0.8, and gives 50000Lux following illumination;
(7) summer field management reason was more watered once every 1-2 days, every 3-5 days in conjunction with watering fertilising, matrix EC value maintains between the 0.8-1.2, adopts two-layer 60% shading screen, and lowers the temperature by spraying and ventilation, temperature of shed is controlled at 18-30 ℃, and air humidity is controlled at 70-80%;
(8) manage behind the high temperature, soil humidity waters once during for 40-50%, keeps matrix EC value between 1.2-1.8;
(9) flowering stage management adopts drip irrigation to water, and weekly in conjunction with fertilizing, watering once, controls in the canopy minimum temperature 10-15 ℃ gradually according to outdoor temperature, and ventilates or add the temperature control air humidity between 75-85%.
2. industrial cultivating method for cyclamen as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that sowing media selects yellow peat for use, and PH is 5.8-6.2, wherein sneaks in the vermiculite of 15-25% and every cubic metre of matrix to add 1-2 kilogram insecticide.
3. industrial cultivating method for cyclamen as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the matrix of seedling replanting is selected special-purpose peat for use, or is 5 by homemade peat, thick vermiculite, perlite: 2-3: the mixture of 1-2 volume ratio.
4. industrial cultivating method for cyclamen as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the matrix of basin is selected light soil-less matrix for use on the seedling.
5. industrial cultivating method for cyclamen as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the maximum illumination behind the seedling replanting is no more than 20000Lux, nocturnal temperature remains on 17-19 ℃, used fertilizer is that 20-10-20 type and 15-10-30 type composite fertilizer are diluted to 1500-2000 doubly, be used alternatingly, execute disposable fertilizer weekly.
6. industrial cultivating method for cyclamen as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that used fertilizer of hardening phase was diluted to 2000 times for 20-10-20 type composite fertilizer in previous month, and the later stage is that 15-10-30 type composite fertilizer is diluted to 1000 times.
7. industrial cultivating method for cyclamen as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that more used fertilizer is that 15-10-30 type composite fertilizer is diluted to 1200-1800 doubly during the summer field management reason.
8. industrial cultivating method for cyclamen as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the used fertilizer of administration period is that 20-10-10 type or 15-10-20 type composite fertilizer are diluted to 2000 times behind the high temperature, brings up in week at 2-3 and is diluted to 1000 times.
9. industrial cultivating method for cyclamen as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that described light soil-less matrix is a kind of in the following volume ratio mixture:
A, Canadian peat: perlite: vermiculite=6: 3: 1 or 6: 2: 2;
B, northeast peat: perlite: vermiculite=6: 3: 1 or 6: 2: 2;
C, northeast peat: perlite: coconut palm chaff=6: 2: 2;
D, northeast peat: perlite: rice chaff ash=6: 3: 1.
CNB2004100665656A 2004-09-22 2004-09-22 Industrial cultivating method for cyclamen Expired - Lifetime CN100441084C (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104904577B (en) * 2015-05-19 2017-03-29 锡山区先锋家庭农场 A kind of Cyclamen persicum soilless culture method
CN105766304A (en) * 2016-03-15 2016-07-20 张良 Rose planting method
CN112753518A (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-05-07 中国科学院武汉植物园 Method for developing and applying cold pilea sinensis of new and excellent garden ornamental plant

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
仙客来工厂化栽培技术. 郑勇平.林业科技开发,第16卷第4期. 2002
仙客来工厂化栽培技术. 郑勇平.林业科技开发,第16卷第4期. 2002 *
仙客来的培育技术. 何素琳.江西林业科技,第4期. 2004
仙客来的培育技术. 何素琳.江西林业科技,第4期. 2004 *

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