CN100418719C - 混炼装置及利用该装置的橡胶系组成物的混炼方法 - Google Patents

混炼装置及利用该装置的橡胶系组成物的混炼方法 Download PDF

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CN100418719C
CN100418719C CNB021184267A CN02118426A CN100418719C CN 100418719 C CN100418719 C CN 100418719C CN B021184267 A CNB021184267 A CN B021184267A CN 02118426 A CN02118426 A CN 02118426A CN 100418719 C CN100418719 C CN 100418719C
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mixing
aforementioned
rubber
cavity
hot media
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CN1382573A (zh
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村上将雄
山田则文
高仓功
井上公雄
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • B29C48/86Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
    • B29C48/87Cooling
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    • B29B7/482Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
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  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明是一种可从混炼对象物中高效地除热的混炼装置,包括:具有筒状空腔部的缸筒;通过在腔体内旋转将混炼对象物沿轴向挤压的螺旋组,螺旋组具有对混炼对象物施加剪切力的混炼翼部;从混炼对象投入口向腔体内以大致一定的体积速度或重量速度投入混炼对象物的定量供料机;向腔体内注入除热媒体的除热媒体注入机构;以及把在腔体内与混炼对象物混合的除热媒体从该混炼对象物中分离、并排出到腔体外的除热媒体排出机构。其中,如果混炼对象是橡胶组成物,除热媒体是水,可不产生高温状态地对橡胶组成物进行混炼处理使粘度降低到所需的值。对于高粘性的橡胶系组成物,不必反复进行レミル,可进行连续混炼处理,极大的提高生成效率。

Description

混炼装置及利用该装置的橡胶系组成物的混炼方法
技术领域
本发明涉及混炼装置,特别是涉及混炼橡胶的素练以及将橡胶与各种配合剂等混合的橡胶系组成物用的混炼装置及混炼方法.
背景技术
在制造由橡胶及各种配合剂构成的橡胶系混合物的混炼物时,大多采用将规定量的原料每份进行间歇式混炼处理的间歇式方式.但是,从提高生产效率的观点出发,也提出了连续混炼处理橡胶系组成物的混炼方法(特开平11-262945号公报).作为具有代表性的橡胶系组成物的混炼机,采用双轴挤压机,在该双轴挤压机上设置橡胶投入口,在其上进一步连接橡胶供应用挤压机,一面连续地供应橡胶系组成物一面用该双轴挤压机进行连续混炼.
但是,特开平11-262945号公报所描述的连续式混炼方法不能以高粘度的橡胶系组成物作为对象,如该公报中实施例1所描述的那样,其目的是对穆尼(Mooney)粘度值(100℃)为47左右的低粘度的橡胶系组成物进行连续混合.
在制造穆尼粘度值(100℃)超过100的高粘度橡胶系组成物(例如以天然橡胶为主成分,添加30份以上的碳等)的混炼物时,为了提高各种配合剂的分散度,为了把该橡胶系组成物的粘度降低到适合于在挤压成形等后工序中合适的加工粘度,进行混炼.这需要通过利用机械剪切把橡胶分子链切断以便降低其粘度,但粘度越高对橡胶施加的机械剪切力产生的热量越多,变到相当高的温度时,橡胶的物理性质发生变化,使橡胶的性能恶化.一般地,当超过160℃时,会导致对橡胶的性能方面的妨碍.此外,越是在低温进行混炼,由于橡胶的粘度高,所以越容易发挥机械剪切分子链的切断效果,从混炼效率的角度出发比较理想.实际上,在进行高粘性的橡胶系组成物的混炼时,为了不超出确保橡胶的物理性质所要求的温度范围,将混炼对象维持在低温状态下,很难达到规定的粘度降低及配合剂的分散度.因此,用间歇式混炼机进行混炼,当在混炼过程中达到160℃左右时,一度将混炼对象从混炼机中取出,在成形为片状之后冷却至常温,为了降低粘度再次进行混炼.这种再混炼称之为レミル工序.
发明内容
但是,利用上述方法,在制造高粘性的橡胶系组成物的混炼物时,为了降低到所需粘度,通常需要反复进行几次上述レミル工序,有时需要进行五次レミル工序.因此,很难避免伴随着反复用间歇式混炼机进行混炼与冷却造成的生产效率的降低同时还存在着随着热滞的产生容易使橡胶变质的问题.
本发明鉴于上述情况,其目的是提供一种橡胶系组成物的混炼装置及混炼方法,对于高粘性的橡胶系组成物,不必反复进行レミル,可进行连续混炼处理,并极大地提高生产效率.
解决上述课题的本发明是一种混炼装置,包括以下部分:
具有作为筒状空腔部的腔体的缸筒;通过在前述腔体内旋转、并借助旋转将混炼对象物沿轴向挤压的螺旋组,前述螺旋组具有在使混炼对象物在螺旋翼的螺旋部及前述腔体的内壁的间隙内流动的同时,对混炼对象物施加剪切力的混炼翼部;从设于前述缸筒上的混炼对象物投入口向前述腔体内以大致一定的体积速度或大致一定的重量速度投入混炼对象物的定量供料机;设在前述缸筒上、向前述腔体内注入除热媒体的除热媒体注入机构;以及把在前述腔体内从前述除热媒体注入机构注入的一度与混炼对象物混合的除热媒体从该混炼对象物上分离开、并排出到腔体外的除热媒体排出机构;测定前述腔体内的混炼对象物的温度的温度测定器;以及,基于由前述温度测定器所测定的温度测定值来控制由前述除热媒体注入机构注入到前述腔体内的除热媒体的量的控制装置.
根据上述结构,可以一面把混炼对象物定量地供应给混炼挤压机,一面进行连续地混炼,同时,一面连续地进行向腔体内注入除热媒体以及将除热媒体排出到腔体之外.即,注入到腔体内的除热媒体与因混炼而发热的混炼对象物一度混合使它们充分接触进行除热,进而,由于该除热媒体被排出到腔体之外,所以,可以高效率地进行正在混炼过程中的混炼对象物的除热处理.
从而,通过利用上述结构的装置,即使在混炼对象物是橡胶系组成物、除热媒体是水的情况下,也可以不造成高温状态地降低到所需的粘度值的混炼处理.就是说,对于高粘性的橡胶组成物,不必反复进行レミル即可进行连续混炼处理,极大地提高生产效率.此外,利用这种结构,由于可以自由地任意选择注水机构(除热媒体注入机构)和脱水机构(除热媒体排出机构)的位置和数目、注水量,从而可以根据橡胶系组成物与挤压机的特征适当地调整冷却能力.
这样,例如在高温下供应橡胶系组成物的情况下,或者由于通过橡胶定量供料机橡胶系组成物的温度上升、混炼效果降低时,在混炼挤压机中使之与从外部供应的水接触、主要用水的显热冷却橡胶系组成物,从设在缸筒上的狭缝等脱水机构将用于冷却使用过的水排出到外部,从而促进橡胶系组成物的冷却,进而送往后阶段的混炼工序.
此外,对间歇式混炼机中作为添加水进行混炼的混炼机,在特开平7-227845号公报中所述的混炼机是公知的.它涉及发泡率及尺寸等不符合标准的未加硫的轮胎用发泡橡胶的回收再利用方法,将未加硫的发泡橡胶及少量的水加入到间歇式密闭混合器中进行混炼,以便分解除去发泡剂.即,特开平7-227845号公报所述的未加硫橡胶的回收再利用方法与本发明所要解决的课题以及发明的结构是不同的.
进而,本发明的混炼装置的特征为,在上述结构中,前述除热媒体排出机构的结构要素为可对前述螺旋部所处的腔体内减压吸引地连接的真空泵.
在把水作为除热媒体时,上述结构通过将处于减压状态下的与橡胶系组成物一起挤压到螺旋部的水蒸发并吸引到真空泵内,不会把混炼对象物排出到腔体外,可以高效率地只把水排出.即,借此,在把水从混炼对象物中分离出来时,水从混炼对象物中夺取汽化热,由于水的汽化热远大于水的温度上升热(比热),所以,只要用少量的水就可以高效率地进行冷却.同时,通过蒸发把水分从混炼对象物中除去,所以在混炼后的混炼对象物中很难残留水分,所以它是一种脱水性十分好的脱水机构.此外,由于对用两个混炼翼部夹持的螺旋部进行减压吸引,所以可充分发挥由充满混炼翼部的混炼对象物产生的密封效果,可实现蒸发水分用的足够的减压空间.
此外,该除热媒体也可以是水以外的材料,可获得同样的效果.
进而,本发明的混炼装置的特征为,在上述结构中,作为前述除热媒体的排出机构的结构要素,具有形成在位于前述螺旋部所处的部分的缸筒上的狭缝.
根据这种结构,在以水为除热媒体、即使所需冷却水量比较大时,也可以高效率地进行脱水.同时,可用简易的设备结构实现脱水机构.此外,即使供应给混炼挤压机的橡胶系组成物处于高温状态,在进入混炼处理之前,也可以高效率地进行冷却.
进而,本发明的混炼装置的特征为,在上述结构中,具有夹持螺旋组地设在前述混炼翼部的混炼对象物挤压侧出口上、对形成于该螺旋组之间的间隙可进行调整的一个以上的间隙调整机构.
采用这种结构,通过改变混炼翼部出口侧的间隙,即改变混炼对象物的通过面积,对被挤压的混炼对象物进行压榨,可改变混炼对象物的流动阻力,调整材料在混炼挤压机中的滞留时间.即,可以调整混炼对象物在混炼翼部的充满度,很容易地调整所需的混炼条件.
进而,本发明的混炼装置的特征为,在上述结构中,前述定量供料机是连接到设置在前述缸筒上的混炼对象物投入口上的齿轮泵或螺旋挤压机.
采用这种结构,通过利用齿轮泵或螺旋挤压机作为定量供料机,可以稳定地、定量地把混炼对象物供应给混炼挤压机.借此,利用所述混炼装置可以抑制所混炼的混炼物的质量方面的偏离.此外,对于作为原料的混炼对象物的形态,并不限于块状、捆状、片状、带状等,可以选择各种各样的形状.
进而,本发明的混炼装置的特征为,在上述结构中,配备有可对前述腔体内的混炼对象物的温度进行测定的温度测定部,以及根据该温度测定值对前述注入到前述腔体内的除热媒体的量或前述螺旋组的旋转速度进行控制的控制部.
根据这种结构,按照混炼过程中混炼对象物的温度,可以改变混炼挤压机的运转条件及冷却条件.即,混炼过程中的发热情况总是在变化,根据这种情况的变化,总是可以改变成适当的冷却条件与旋转速度,以实现最有效的混炼条件.
此外,本发明提供一种利用上述结构的装置对橡胶与配合剂混合而成的橡胶系组成物进行混炼的方法,所述方法包括以下工序:利用前述定量供料机以大致一定的体积速度或大致一定的重量速度将作为混炼对象物的橡胶系组成物供应给前述腔体内的橡胶供应工序;使前述橡胶系组成物在前述混炼翼部与前述腔体的内壁的间隙内流动的同时赋予其剪切力,使其一面混合分散一面使在前述腔体内移动的混炼工序;利用前述除热媒体注入机构将除热媒体注入到前述腔体内,将正在混炼中或混炼前的状态的前述橡胶系组成物与除热媒体混合的混合工序;以及,利用前述除热排出机构将从前述除热媒体注入机构注入到前述腔体内的与前述橡胶系组成物一度混合的除热媒体从前述橡胶组成物中分离排出到腔体外的除热媒体排出机构工序.
利用这种结构,在利用混炼挤压机连续地进行橡胶系组成物的混炼的同时,可以同时进行混炼过程中的除热.因此,即使是高粘性的橡胶系组成物,可以进行不产生高温状态地一直降低到所需粘度的混炼处理.即,对高粘性的橡胶系组成物,不必进行反复的レミル,可进行连续的混炼处理,可极大地提高生产效率.
附图说明
图1是从根据实施方式1的橡胶系组成物的混炼装置的侧面观察时看到的剖面示意图.
图2是图1的A-A′线的剖面图.
图3是从根据实施方式2的橡胶系组成物的混炼装置的侧面观察时看到的剖面示意图.
图4是表示根据实施方式3的橡胶系组成物的混炼装置的一部分的示意剖面图.
图5是在垂直于螺旋组的轴的剖面内的闸门机构的概图.
图6是表示根据实施方式4的橡胶系组成物的混炼装置的概图.
图7是表示变更的实施方式的橡胶系组成物的混炼装置的概图.
图8是表示变更的实施方式的橡胶系组成物的混炼装置的概图.
具体实施方式
(实施方式1)
下面根据图1说明本发明的实施形式.图1是从侧面观察根据本发明的橡胶系组成物的混炼装置的剖面示意图,该混炼装置具有一般说来沿相同方向旋转啮合的双轴混炼挤压机1.同时,在双轴混炼挤压机1上连接有橡胶定量供料机2,进而,还连接有构成注入机构的注水泵3,4,构成脱水机构的真空泵5,6.此外,双轴混炼挤压机1的前端通向大气,以块状的方式排出橡胶系组成物.
双轴混炼挤压机1配备有一对螺旋组7以及具有作为用于该螺旋组7旋转的筒状空腔部的腔体8的缸筒9.一对螺旋组7以在图1的侧视图中相互重叠的方式轴心相互平行地配置,通过旋转分别将投入到腔体8内的混炼对象物沿轴向进行挤压.同时,沿轴向交替地配置有具有螺旋翼的螺旋部7a(第一),7c(第二),7e(第三),7g(第四),以及在使混炼对象物与腔体8的内壁的间隙中流动的同时赋予剪切力的混炼翼部7b(第一),7d(第二),7f(第三),7h(第四).此外,两个螺旋组7连接到图1中没有表示出来的驱动机构上,利用该驱动机构对其进行旋转驱动.
形成在上述各螺旋部的螺旋翼以一面沿螺旋组7的周向方向、一面沿轴向方向行进的方式形成,该螺旋翼的顶部在距离螺旋组7的轴心等距离的位置处形成.同时,具有同一方向的螺旋翼的一对螺旋组7,通过沿同一方向的旋转,在螺旋部旋转的同时使混炼对象物在图1中向右方移动.设在螺旋部上的螺旋翼并不一定必须沿轴向以等间隔形成螺旋,螺旋翼也可以有稀的部分及密的部分.例如,在如后面所述的为了对混炼对象物进行冷却而注水的场合下,使混炼对象物的挤压下游侧的螺旋翼变密,通过对混炼对象物施加充满压缩作用使之具有脱水功能,此外,在对腔体8内的一部分进行减压吸引时,使位于该被减压吸引空间前后的螺旋翼变密,或者配置具有阻塞混炼对象物的效果的螺旋翼或板,用混炼对象物充满前后减压吸引空间的前后,发挥密封效果.或者,在中途部分设置作为反方向螺旋翼的反向螺纹,或者,通过部分设置作为旋转体及揉压盘的、由反方向的翼形成的回送扇形体(L扇形体),提高混炼对象物的充满率,达到加压状态.
以夹持上述各螺旋部的方式设置的各混炼翼部沿螺旋组7的周向方向成120°角等分配置,具有适合于混炼的截面形状、即备有对混炼对象物的咬入角的三个混炼翼,各混炼翼形成既沿周向又沿轴向行进的较平缓的螺旋状.同时,在各混炼翼部的中间点处,以把螺旋方向转换到相反方向的方式形成.从而,挤压上游侧的螺旋翼的螺旋方向为正方形,下游侧的螺旋翼的方向为反方向.被送往由正方向和反方向的螺旋翼形成的混炼部的混炼对象物以滞留在混炼翼部内的方式充满并被混炼.通过混炼对象物在两个螺旋组的混炼翼间与正方向及反方向的混炼翼间流动来进行混炼.对于混炼翼部的截面形状如图2中A-A′线向视剖面图来表示.该图是表示在腔体8的内壁与混炼翼10的间隙内对混炼对象物11进行混炼的状态.在A-A′线向视剖面中,混炼翼10形成120°等角分配的三个翼尖状,并备有咬入角α.此外,螺旋方向反转的中间点也可以不在混炼翼部的正中间的位置处,例如也可位于挤压的下游侧,只要有易于促进混炼对象物的移动的结构就可以.
对于腔体8的结构,如图2的剖面图所示,以分别使一对螺旋组7旋转用的筒状空腔部并列连通的方式形成.同时,为形成腔体8构成缸筒9.缸筒9由使各个螺旋部及各个混炼翼部中的每一个都可分离开的单元构成.这样,可以选择螺旋部及混炼翼部的各种组合,或者可以适当的选择注水机构与脱水机构的数目及位置.
此外,也可以在缸筒9的至少一个单元上内嵌或外嵌设置通以冷却媒体的冷却套管.
以上面所述的方式构成双轴混炼挤压机1.同时,在位于双轴混炼挤压机1的上游侧的第一螺旋部7a上设置将橡胶系组成物供应到缸筒9内用的橡胶投入口12.如图1所示,在该橡胶投入口12上连接有具有双轴挤压螺旋的橡胶定量供料机2.利用该双轴挤压机将作为原料的橡胶系组成物连续地供应到腔体8内.采用这种橡胶定量供料机2,不管原料橡胶的形状是粉末状还是块状都可以没有限制地定量地连续供应.此外,作为橡胶定量供料机2,不一定必须是双轴挤压机,也可以由单轴螺旋、三轴以上的螺旋或者齿轮泵构成.在所有这些结构中,均可以与原料橡胶的形态无关地定量地连续供应.
此外,在双轴混炼挤压机1中,注水泵3及4分别连接到设于第二混炼翼部7d及第三混炼翼部7f所处的缸筒部分上的注水口13和14上,由这些结构形成注水机构.由该注水泵3及4送来的水通过注水口13及14注入到腔体8内,通过混炼对象物与水混合,可以从发热的混炼对象物中进行除热.
同时,在第三螺旋部7e及第四螺旋部7g所处的缸筒部分上,通过设在该缸筒部分上的吸引口15和16连接有真空泵5和6.由该真空泵5及6可对第三螺旋部7e及第四螺旋部7g所处的部分的缸筒8内进行减压吸引.借助这种减压,将第二螺旋部7d及第三螺旋部7f中注入的、含在混炼对象物中的水分蒸发,将其吸引到真空泵5和6中.
之所以在第二混炼翼部7d上才开始设置注水机构是由于考虑到在第一混炼翼部7b处还没有达到必须进行冷却的高温状态,此外,为了在下游侧进行减压脱水,有必要促进橡胶组成物在一定程度上发热使之有可塑性,可以发挥密封效果的缘故.此外,在最末级的第四混炼翼部7h上,由于不能在其下游侧进行减压脱水,所以不设置注水机构.另一方面,当进给到双轴混炼挤压机1的橡胶系组成物成为高温时,橡胶系组成物在第一混炼翼部7b就已经发挥了密封效果,所以在第一混炼翼部7b处也可以进行注水,可在与第二混炼翼部7d之间进行减压吸引.
此外,在设置通以冷却媒体的冷却套的情况下,由于在利用注入的水直接冷却的同时还附加间接的冷却,所以可更加有效地从发热的混炼对象物中除热.
上面是根据本实施方式1的橡胶组成物的混炼装置的结构.此外,混炼翼部和螺旋部的级数并不一定受本实施形式的限制,可根据作为对象的橡胶系组成物的材质及所需降低的粘度的数值自由地进行选择.此外对于注水机构和脱水机构的数目和位置情况也是一样.
其次,按照橡胶系组成物的混炼物的制造流程对根据本实施方式1的橡胶系组成物的混炼装置的动作形式进行说明.首先,混合碳黑等填充剂及各种配合剂,将粉末状或块状或片状等各种形式构成的橡胶系组成物原料投入到橡胶定量供料机2中.被投入到橡胶定量供料机2中的原料橡胶由构成橡胶定量供料机2的双轴挤压螺旋定量地传送到双轴混炼挤压机1的投入口12.
通过投入口12定量地供应给双轴混炼挤压机1的原料橡胶被运入到第一螺旋部7a所处的腔体8内.这时,一对螺旋组7被图中未示出的驱动装置驱动相互旋转.同时,利用螺旋部7a的旋转的螺旋翼将作为混炼对象物的橡胶系组成物挤压到第一混炼翼部7b内.在第一混炼翼部7b内,由第一螺旋部7a传送来的混炼对象物以滞留在混炼翼与腔体8内壁之间的方式将其充满,一面充满一面在混炼翼与腔体8的内壁之间的间隙内流动,与此同时,给予混炼对象物剪切力以混合分散的方式进行混炼.
同时,在第一混炼翼部混炼的混炼对象物被从上游侧充满的混炼对象物挤压移动到第二螺旋翼部7c.移动到第二螺旋翼部7c的的混炼对象物借助螺旋翼的旋转动作被传送到第二混炼翼部7d.
被传送到第二混炼翼部7d的混炼对象物与在第一混炼翼部7b时同样的方式被再次混炼,但在第二混炼翼部7d中被从注水泵3送来的水通过注水口13被注水.因此,混炼对象物在混炼的同时与水接触.这时,混炼对象物由于在第一混炼翼部7b中混炼时所发出的热量,温度有所升高,进而,由于在第二混炼翼部7d处的混炼也会发热,所以温度进一步升高.但是,在这里,由于通过注入的水与混炼对象物一起搅拌充分接触,从而可从混炼对象物中除去热量.
从而,通过注水被冷却的混炼对象物借助从上游侧移动到第二混炼翼部7d的混炼对象物被挤压到第三螺旋部7e.在第三螺旋部7e与上游侧的螺旋翼部中一样进行混炼对象物的传送,利用真空泵5通过吸引口15吸引腔体8内的氛围气体,出现减压空间.这时,充满前后混炼翼部的混炼对象物起着为确保前述减压空间的密封效果.此外,如前面所述,第三螺旋部7e的上游端及下游端的螺旋翼沿轴向方向变密,在吸引口15的部分变稀,前述密的部分充满混炼对象物,发挥密封效果.
这样,通过第三螺旋部所处的腔体8内变成减压空间,促使含在混炼对象物内的水分汽化蒸发.由于水的汽化热很大,所以,即使添加少量的水也可高效率地从混炼对象物中除去热量.借此,只要分离用于冷却的水,在进行适当的脱水的同时,可以获得利用吸热及蒸发产生的双重除热效果,可高效地进行冷却.
在第三螺旋部7e脱水的混炼对象物被原封不动地传送到第三混炼翼部7f.在第三混炼翼部7f处,与在第二混炼翼部7d一样,再次一面注水一面进行混炼.然后,在第四螺旋部7g处,与第三螺旋部7e一样进行脱水.然后,将混炼对象物传送到最后的第四混炼翼部7h,在只进行混炼之后,从挤压机前端以块状状态挤压到大气中.
上面是根据本实施方式1的橡胶系组成物的混炼装置的动作形式.此外,对上述实施方式的说明,也同时对根据本发明的橡胶系组成物的混炼方法的实施形式进行了说明.
(实施方式2)
下面对根据实施方式2的橡胶系组成物的混炼装置进行说明.图3表示根据本实施方式的混炼装置.在图3中,该混炼装置具有双轴混炼挤压机1,连接到该双轴混炼挤压机1上的定量供料机2,注水泵3和4,真空泵5.同时,双轴混炼挤压机1与实施方式1一样,具有螺旋组7,缸筒9,腔体8.螺旋组7在三个部位处交替地具有螺旋部及混炼翼部.这里,在实施方式2中,注水泵3和4通过注水口13和14分别连接到第一螺旋部7a和第二混炼翼部7d上,真空泵5通过吸引口5连接到第三螺旋部7e上.同时,在第一螺旋部7a所处的缸筒部分上设有狭缝17.该狭缝17是为使腔体内外直接通气而设在缸筒8上的槽状部分.
上面是根据本实施方式2的橡胶系组成物的混炼装置的结构.根据本实施方式的混炼装置是在有必要把高温的原料橡胶直接在双轴混炼挤压机中混炼时特别有效的结构.下面省略与实施方式1重复的部分的说明,对本实施方式的特征动作进行说明.
例如,将已经在间歇式混合器中混炼到一定程度、变到高温的橡胶系组成物原封不动地投入到橡胶定量供料机2中.例如,当作为原料的橡胶尚未达到充分可塑性的温度、难以向双轴混炼挤压机进行定量供应时,以及为了对于成为高温的橡胶省掉冷却工序进行供料时的情况.所投入的混炼对象物由螺旋部7a传送到下游侧,但在这里,从注水泵3通过注入口13把水注入到腔体8内.借此,在传送途中的高温的混炼对象物与水接触,并被冷却.与高温混炼接触吸热的水在腔体8内流动、原封不动地从狭缝17中被排出.这时,通过适当地设定狭缝17的槽宽,混炼对象物不会被排出到腔体8之外,只有冷却用水可被排出.同时,即使在需要大量的冷却水时,也可高效地脱水,可利用简易地设备实现排水机构.
此外,对于在第一螺旋部7a被冷却之后的混炼对象物的处理,由于和实施方式1的情况重复,所以省略其说明.此外,对于螺旋部与混炼翼部的级数,以及注水机构和脱水机构的数目和位置,也和实施方式1的情况一样,不一定局限于本实施方式,可以根据作为对象的橡胶系组成物的材质,以及所需的粘度下降值,自由地进行选择.
(实施方式3)
下面说明根据实施方式3的橡胶系组成物的混炼装置.图4是表示根据本实施方式的混炼装置的一部分的示意剖面图,是沿螺旋组7的轴向方向的剖面图.本实施方式具有位于实施方式1中的第二混炼翼部7d与第三螺旋部7e之间的作为间隙调整机构的一种形式的闸门机构18.闸门机构18与螺旋组7的轴的垂直剖面图示于图5。闸门机构18由处于夹持螺旋组7的位置处的两个闸门19构成,闸门19以垂直于螺旋组7的轴、且可相对于螺旋组7移动的方式设置.借此,可以调整形成于螺旋组7之间的间隙,也就是说,可以调整混炼对象物通过的面积.同时,通过改变前述间隙,可以对挤出的混炼对象物进行压榨,改变混炼对象物的流动阻力,调整材料在双轴混炼挤压机中滞留的时间.即,可以调整混炼对象物在混炼部的充满度,很容易地调整到所需的混炼条件.此外,对于闸门机构18并不局限于本实施方式,可以设在多个混炼翼部与螺旋翼部上、以及不沿垂直方向移动而是以夹持螺旋组7的方式设置,在这种情况下,由旋转的两个闸门杆构成,在螺旋组7上设置圆锥部,由与之对应的腔体形成缝隙部,以使腔体和圆锥部沿螺旋组7的轴线缝隙相对移动的方式构成,或者也可以是在橡胶挤压机中常见的销形闸门.
(实施方式4)
下面说明根据本实施方式4的橡胶系组成物的混炼装置.图6是表示根据本实施方式的混炼装置的概图.根据本实施方式的混炼装置,在实施方式1的第二混炼翼部7d和第三混炼翼部7f处具有测定混炼对象物的温度的温度测定部20a和20b.同时,还具有基于上述温度测定值对单位时间内注入到腔体8内的注水量及螺旋组7的旋转速度进行控制的控制部以及把前述温度测定值传送到控制部的输入部.
当螺旋组7的旋转速度上升时,混炼力增强,所以从混炼效率的观点出发,希望其高速旋转.但是,旋转速度越高,混炼对象物的发热量越大.同时,由混炼对象物发出的热量也随着作为对象的橡胶系组成物的种类及在混炼过程中的粘度状态等发生变化.因此,一面监测发热情况一面适当调整冷却能力,最好是在把混炼对象物的温度保持在适当的温度的状态下,以极高的速度使螺旋组旋转.
在本实施方式中,基于混炼翼部7d及7f处的温度测定值,在控制部决定为把混炼对象物保持在所需温度所需要的注水量,以及在这种温度及注水量的情况下能够进行的最高速度旋转的旋转速度,在这样决定的条件下,生成注水泵3,4及螺旋组7的驱动马达21的运转指令.同时,按照该运转指令进行注水泵3,4及驱动马达21的运转.按照混炼过程中变化的发热情况,可以实现以最高的速度高效的混炼条件.
此外,实施形式并不局限于上述各种实施方式,例如也可以按如下加以变更进行实施.
(1)橡胶定量供料机并不一定必须由挤压螺旋及齿轮泵等构成,例如,也可以如图7的剖面示意图所示的橡胶系组成物的混炼装置那样,把片状和带状的原料橡胶供应给双轴混炼挤压机.这是一种从片状和带状原料储存架22上将作为原料的片状和带状橡胶23由导向辊24直接供应给橡胶投入口12中的机构.在利用挤压螺旋型等的直接连接橡胶定量供料机时,当供应给双轴混炼挤压机的原料橡胶的温度未达到充分可塑性的温度时,定量供应的精度恶化,最后的混炼物的质量出现不一致.因此,在使用直接连接的橡胶定量供料机时,有必要把原料橡胶升温到一定的程度,其结果是,需要把本应最好是以低温状态向双轴混炼挤压机供应的橡胶的温度上升到一定的程度.但是,在所述变更例中,由于可将片状和带状橡胶24在低温状态下原封不动地连续定量供应,所以可以进一步对其进行低温混炼.
(2)与原料橡胶混合的各种配合剂等,在橡胶组成物的混炼装置中进行混炼之前,添加到间歇式混炼机中进行混合.但是,也可以如图7所示,相对于投入原料橡胶的缸筒设置直接添加液体构成的各种配合剂用的投入口25.借此,不必预先在间歇式混炼机中混合各种配合剂,而是与原料橡胶一起进行供应,在双轴混炼挤压机中进行混炼.就是说,不仅可以用于レミル工序,而且也可以用于最后的终端工序.此外,在添加由粉体构成的各种配合剂的场合,也可以如图8所示,设置料斗26,与原料橡胶一起把各种配合材料添加于其中.在这种情况下,优选地和橡胶定量供料剂一样连接各种配合剂的定量供料机.
(3)如图7所示,在双轴混炼挤压机的前端具有片成形装置.它由连接到双轴混炼挤压机的前端的挤压模具27和辊道28构成.借此,可以在混炼挤压机的前端直接进行片的成形,通过把所制造的混炼物制成片状促进其冷却,使得可以容易地向下一道工序搬运.
(4)对于螺旋组的旋转方向,两个轴并不一定沿同一方向旋转,也可以具有通过沿不同方向旋转对混炼导向进行挤压的螺旋翼.
(5)对于混炼翼部,并不一定像本实施方式中所说的那样由三个翼构成,也可以由一个翼或两个翼构成.此外,也可以由多个揉压盘构成.
(6)对于脱水机构,并不一定必须像本实施形式那样,例如,也可以通过通向大气使之蒸发来进行脱水.借此,可以降低能耗.此外,在这种情况下,也能够在可靠地防止材料泄漏的条件下进行脱水.
(7)对于混炼挤压机,并不一定必须像本实施形式那样,它也可以不是双轴的,例如,它也可以是单轴的.
实施例
下面为了对解决课题所产生的效果进行详细描述,通过实施例进行更具体的说明.此外,本发明并不局限于下面所示的实施例.
在实施例中,利用根据实施方式1的混炼装置,用双轴混炼挤压机的螺旋的直径为59mm的装置进行试验.此外,作为用注水泵注入的冷却水,使用20℃的水,作为原料的橡胶系组成物,利用穆尼粘度值(100℃)为100的橡胶系组成物,由温度调整到60℃的橡胶定量供料机进行连续供料.此外,原料橡胶的供应速度以50kg/hr和100kg/hr作为两种基准.改变注入条件及双轴混炼挤压机的旋转速度进行混炼物的制造,在挤压机的排出口处测定混炼物的温度及穆尼粘度降低的数值及混炼所需的能量.此外,在缸筒内通以20℃的冷却水进行间接冷却.其结果示于表1.
表1
  橡胶供应速度(kg/hr) 注水条件   双轴挤压机旋转速度(rpm)   橡胶排出温度(℃)  粘度下降值(穆尼粘度100℃) 能量(kWh/kg)
 比较例   50   不注水   120   161  19点   0.58
实施例1 50   7%注水(3.5%×2个部位) 120 123 30点 0.63
实施例2 50   7%注水(3.5%×2个部位) 250 173 30点 0.79
实施例3 50   14%注水(7%×2两个部位) 250 154 36点 0.72
首先,对用50kg/hr的速度进行橡胶供应的实施例进行说明.当与不进行注水的比较例1与旋转速度相同的实施例1进行比较时,可以看出,通过注水,可以实现远低于使橡胶物理性质恶化的上限温度的160℃的低温.同时,也可以看出,可以获得大幅度降低橡胶的粘度的效果.这表明,通过水冷使橡胶温度下降的同时,在低温混炼过程中可以利用机械剪切力高效地进行混炼.这也可从混炼所需要的能量高得到证实.
此外,当把实施例2与在同一旋转速度下注水量增加到14%的实施例3相对比时,可以看出混炼所需的能量由于注水量的增加而下降.这可以认为是由于注水量增多在混炼室内的橡胶发生的滑动量较大引起的.根据除表1所示的实施例以外所进行的确认的结果,当注水量在n%~10%左右时,一般地混炼所需能量上升,在超过这一注水量时,该能量达到平衡或减少.在注水量10%以上的滑动区域,橡胶以低温被排出,粘度下降值也变大,可以判断,用少量的能量高效地进行了混炼.但是,在这种情况下,注入的水不能充分蒸发,液态的水的一部分原封不动地被吸入到真空泵中,产生水和橡胶一起被吸引的现象.从而,有必要在根据减压吸引能力及腔体的容积等决定的注水量的上限值的条件下进行运转.
对于在100kg/hr的橡胶供应量时的实验结果不能像表1那样明确地列出表来,但和50kg/hr时的情况一样,可以确认,通过注水可以降低温度及降低粘度.同时可以确认,和50kg/hr一样,当增大注水量时混炼所需能量减少.
从上面的描述的可以确认,根据本发明,提供了一种对于高粘性的橡胶系组成物不必反复进行レミル、可进行连续混炼处理、极大地提高了生产率的橡胶系组成物的混炼装置和混炼方法.此外,在任何一种实施方式和变更的实施方式中都可以获得上述实施例的效果.

Claims (9)

1. 一种混炼装置,包括以下部分:
具有作为筒状空腔部的腔体的缸筒;
通过在前述腔体内旋转、并借助旋转将混炼对象物沿轴向挤压的螺旋组,前述螺旋组具有在使混炼对象物在螺旋翼的螺旋部及前述腔体的内壁的间隙内流动的同时、对混炼物对象物施加剪切力的混炼翼部;
从设于前述缸筒上的混炼对象物投入口向前述腔体内以大致一定的体积速度或大致一定的重量速度投入混炼对象物的定量供料机;
设在前述缸筒上、向前述腔体内注入除热媒体的除热媒体注入机构;以及在前述腔体内把从前述除热媒体注入机构注入的一度与混炼对象物混合的除热媒体从该混炼对象物上分离开、并排出到腔体外的除热媒体排出机构;
测定前述腔体内的混炼对象物的温度的温度测定器;以及,
基于由前述温度测定器所测定的温度测定值来控制由前述除热媒体注入机构注入到前述腔体内的除热媒体的量的控制装置。
2. 如权利要求1所述的混炼装置,其中,前述除热媒体是水。
3. 如权利要求1所述的混炼装置,其中,前述除热媒体排出机构由可减压吸引地连接到前述螺旋部的一部分所处的腔体内的真空泵构成。
4. 如权利要求1所述的混炼装置,其中,前述除热媒体的排出机构是形成于前述螺旋部的一部分所处的部分的缸筒上的狭缝。
5. 如权利要求1所述的混炼装置,还包括夹持前述螺旋组地设在前述混炼翼部的混炼对象物的挤压侧出口的可调整与前述螺旋组之间形成的间隙调整机构。
6. 如权利要求1所述的混炼装置,前述定量供料机是连接到前述混炼对象物投入口的齿轮泵或螺旋挤压机。
7. 如权利要求1所述的混炼装置,还包括以下部分:
测定前述腔体内的混炼对象物的温度的温度测定器;
基于由前述温度测定器测定的温度测定值控制前述螺旋组的旋转速度的控制装置。
8. 利用权利要求1所述的装置对把橡胶和配合剂混合而成的橡胶系组成物进行混炼的方法,该方法包括以下工序:
利用前述定量供料机以大致一定的体积速度或大致一定的重量速度将作为混炼对象的橡胶系组成物供应给前述腔体内的橡胶供应工序;
使前述橡胶系组成物在前述混炼翼部与前述腔体的内壁的间隙内流动的同时赋予其剪切力,使其一面混合分散一面在前述腔体内移动的混炼工序;
利用前述除热媒体注入机构将除热媒体注入到前述腔体内,将正在混炼中或混炼前的状态的前述橡胶系组成物与除热媒体混合的混合工序;
利用前述除热媒体排出机构将从前述除热媒体注入机构注入到前述腔体内的与前述橡胶系组成物一度混合的除热媒体从前述橡胶组成物中分离排出到腔体外的除热媒体排出机构工序。
9. 如权利要求8所述的橡胶系组成物的混炼方法,其中,前述除热媒体是水。
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CN1382573A (zh) 2002-12-04
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