CN100411900C - 车辆的混合系统 - Google Patents

车辆的混合系统 Download PDF

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CN100411900C
CN100411900C CNB018143768A CN01814376A CN100411900C CN 100411900 C CN100411900 C CN 100411900C CN B018143768 A CNB018143768 A CN B018143768A CN 01814376 A CN01814376 A CN 01814376A CN 100411900 C CN100411900 C CN 100411900C
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driving engine
rotating machine
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CN1447757A (zh
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野津育朗
冈崎昭仁
佐佐木正和
西川省吾
仁科充广
合田英明
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UD Trucks Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/02—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable pitch propellers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/48—Drive Train control parameters related to transmissions
    • B60L2240/486—Operating parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2510/0638—Engine speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/10—Change speed gearings
    • B60W2510/1015—Input shaft speed, e.g. turbine speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/244—Charge state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2530/00—Input parameters relating to vehicle conditions or values, not covered by groups B60W2510/00 or B60W2520/00
    • B60W2530/16—Driving resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0644—Engine speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0666—Engine torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/08—Electric propulsion units
    • B60W2710/083—Torque
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/946—Characterized by control of driveline clutch

Abstract

提供一种车辆的混合系统，它具有发动机(1)、变速箱(4)、连接和断开发动机(1)与变速箱(4)之间的离合器(3)、电动发电机(2)、将电动发电机(2)的回转输入到变速器的传动机构(5)、及储存从电动发电机(2)供给的电力的蓄电元件(7)。混合ECU(20)计算出车辆的要求驱动力，满足该要求驱动力地设定与蓄电元件(7)的蓄电量相应的电动发电机(2)的分配输出和发动机(1)的分配输出，并获得各分配输出地控制电动发电机(2)和发动机(1)的输出，同时，接合上述离合器(3)。

Description

车辆的混合系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在车辆的动力源具有发动机和旋转电机(电动发电机)的所谓平行方式的混合系统。
背景技术
作为平行方式的混合系统，在日本专利申请的特愿平11-160759号中提出了这样的混合系统，该混合系统具有发动机、将输入轴的回转变速后从输出轴传递到车轮的变速器、使发动机的输出轴和变速器的输入轴接合和脱离的离合器、兼作电动机和发电机的旋转电机、连接旋转电机的输入输出轴和变速器的输入轴的动力传递机构、存储从旋转电机供给的电力的蓄电元件。
在这样的先有申请例中，在蓄电元件的蓄电量足够的场合，切断离合器，由旋转电机的驱动力进行起步和行走。当旋转电机的驱动运行消耗电力而使蓄电元件的蓄电量下降时，不能从旋转电机获得与车辆的要求驱动力(加速操作量)相当的输出。
为此，当蓄电元件的蓄电量下降到规定值以下时，连接离合器，由发动机的驱动力继续行走状态。这样，旋转电机的驱动运行限制为起步时到低速行走时，发动机的运行区域增大，不能充分改善燃料利用效率和减少排出气体。
发明的公开
本发明的目的在于扩大旋转电机的运行区域，改善燃料利用效率和排气特性。
本发明的车辆的混合系统具有发动机、将输入轴的回转变速后从输出轴传递到车轮的变速器、接合和脱离发动机的输出轴与变速器的输入轴的离合器、兼作电动机和发电机的旋转电机、连接旋转电机的输入输出轴与变速器的输入轴的动力传递机构、存储从旋转电机供给的电力的蓄电元件。另外，还具有计算出车辆要求驱动力的装置、满足该要求驱动力地设定与蓄电元件的蓄电量相应的旋转电机的分配输出和发动机的分配输出的装置、可获得各分配输出地控制旋转电机和发动机的输出并接合上述离合器的控制装置。
因此，在本发明，即使在蓄电元件的蓄电量下降那样的场合，当车辆行走时，可设定并用旋转电机的分配输出和发动机的分配输出的运行区域。为此，可在确保车辆的要求驱动力的同时，将蓄电元件的蓄电量最大限度地用于车辆的驱动力。即，可缩小仅由发动机驱动车辆行走的运行区域，大幅度提高燃料利用效率，减少排出废气。另外，离合器的连接在变速器的输入回转与发动机回转大体一致时进行，可减小接合时的冲击。
附图的简单说明
图1为示出本发明的实施形式的系统的示意图。
图2为该系统的动作说明图。
图3为该系统的动作说明图。
图4为该系统的动作说明图。
图5为该系统的动作说明图。
图6为该系统的动作说明图。
图7为该系统的动作说明图。
图8为用于说明该系统的控制内容的流程图。
图9为示出该系统的控制内容的说明图。
图10为示出该系统的发动机与电动机的输出分配的图。
实施发明的最佳形式
如图1所示，车辆的动力传动系具有发动机1、变速箱4(变速器)、设置于发动机1的输出轴12(曲轴)与变速箱4的输入轴41之间的离合器3。
发动机1的输出通过离合器3传递到变速箱4的输入轴41，在车辆行走时，从变速箱4的输出轴42通过图中未示出的传动轴、差动轴、及驱动轴朝左右车轮传递。
发动机1由柴油机或CNG发动机(将压缩天然气体作为燃料)构成。发动机1的输出由发动机电子控制装置(ECU)10如后述那样控制。
离合器3由离合器促动器31进行接合和脱离控制，另外，变速箱4由齿轮轴促动器43进行齿轮的切换。
在车辆的动力传动系还具有电动发电机2和连接电动发电机2的输入输出轴21与变速箱4的输入轴41的传动机构5。
电动发电机2从高效率和小型轻量化的面考虑，使用永久磁铁型同步电动机(IPM同步电动机)。电动发电机2通过逆变器6连接到蓄电元件7。
逆变器6将蓄电元件7的充电电力(直流电力)变换成交流电力供给到电动发电机2，作为电动机驱动。另外，逆变器6将电动发电机2的发电电力(交流电力)变换成直流电力，对蓄电元件7进行充电。
在蓄电元件7，为了在短时间内无浪费、高效率地再生制动能量，使用易于相对车辆的电池容许质量确保必要的输出密度的双电荷电容器。
传动机构5由连接到电动发电机2的输入输出轴21的驱动齿轮51、连接到变速箱4的输入轴41的从动齿轮53、与其啮合的空转齿轮52构成。
电动发电机2的输出回转通过传动机构5减速后，传递到变速箱4的输入轴41。另外，车辆的能量再生时，变速箱4的输入轴41的回转通过传动机构5增速，传递到电动发电机2的输入输出轴21，进行发电作用。
为了控制上述离合器3、变速箱4、逆变器6、发动机ECU10等，具有混合ECU20。
在混合ECU20，输入来自发生与变速用的变速杆的位置对应的齿轮位置指令的变速杆装置23、检测加速踏板的踏下量(加速要求量)的油门开度22、检测制动操作量(制动要求量)的制动传感器26、检测变速箱4的输出转速的传感器44、检测传动机构5的齿轮回转速度的传感器54(变速箱4的输入回转速度传感器)、检测离合器3的接合和脱离的离合器位置传感器29、及图中未示出的检测变速箱4的变速位置的齿轮位置传感器、及检测蓄电元件7的蓄电量(SOC)的残余量等的各信号。另外，还供给输入到发动机ECU10的发动机回转传感器13的检测信号。
混合ECU20根据这些各种信号和来自发动机ECU10的信息信号控制离合器促动器31、齿轮轴促动器43、逆变器6，同时，向发动机ECU10发送发动机输出要求信号。
混合ECU20与发动机ECU10之间通过通信控制装置进行双向连接，如后述那样进行各种协调控制。
下面，说明该混合ECU20的控制内容。
当仅由电动发电机2的输出进行车辆的起步和行走时，在切断离合器3的状态下，可从电动发电机2获得与加速操作量对应的输出地控制逆变器6。电动发电机2的输出如图2所示那样通过传动机构5传递到变速箱4的输入轴41，从变速箱4的输出轴42将回转传递到传动轴。
当仅由发动机1的输出进行行走时，向发动机ECU10发送输出要求信号，同时，在连接离合器3的状态下，停止电动发电机2的运行。发动机ECU10可获得与加速操作量相应的输出地控制发动机1的燃料供给量，该发动机1的输出如图3所示那样通过离合器3传递到变速箱4的输入轴41，从变速箱4的输出轴42传递到传动轴49。
当在车辆的行走过程中并用电动发电机2的输出和发动机1的输出时，在连接离合器3的状态下，将输出要求信号发送到发动机ECU10，同时，可从电动发电机2获得输出地控制逆变器6。电动发电机2的输出如图4所示那样通过传动机构5传递到输入轴41，与从发动机1通过离合器3传递的输出一起，通过此时的变速齿轮从变速箱4的输出轴42传递到传动轴49。
车辆制动时，只要向蓄电元件7的充电可能，由伴随着制动操作的再生制动力使电动发电机2发电地控制逆变器6。车轮的回转如图5所示那样从传动轴、从变速箱4的输出轴42、并通过传动机构5传递到电动发电机2的输入输出轴21。这样，进行电动发电机2的再生发电，其电力通过逆变器6向蓄电元件7充电。即，减速时车辆能量由电动发电机2的发电变换为电能，回收到蓄电元件7。制动要求量不足量也可由电子控制制动器(图中未示出)的制动力等补充。
车辆停止时向蓄电元件7充电的场合，变速箱4在中立时连接离合器3。发动机1的回转如图6所示那样从离合器3传递到变速箱4的输入轴41和传动机构5和电动发电机2的输入输出轴21。因此，由发动机1的输出进行电动发电机2的发电，其电力用于蓄电元件7的充电。
在仅由发动机1的输出进行行走的状态(参照图3)下，当向蓄电元件7进行充电时，将电动发电机2作为发电机作动。发动机1的输出如图7所示那样经由离合器3传递到变速箱4的输入轴41，通过变速箱4的输出轴42传递到传动轴49，此外，通过传动机构5传递到电动发电机2的输入输出轴21。
可是，混合ECU20如上述那样在车辆起步时或行走时等切断离合器3，仅由电动发电机2产生必要的驱动力，但通过相应于蓄电元件7的蓄电量将来自发动机1的输出加到驱动力，可进行效率良好的运行。
即，即使蓄电元件7的蓄电量下降时，通过不中止电动发电机2的运行地相应于蓄电量决定电动发电机2的输出分配，与发动机1并用，可在满足要求驱动力的同时扩大电动发电机2的运行区域。
图8为用于该控制的流程图，在混合ECU20按规定的控制周期实施。
在步骤1，判断蓄电元件7的蓄电量是否在规定值以下。当该判定为否时，即蓄电量足够时，前进到步骤2，在切断离合器3的状态下，仅由电动发电机2的输出进行行走。此时，与加速操作量相当的输出可从电动发电机2获得地控制逆变器6。
在步骤1当蓄电量在规定值以下时，转移到步骤3-步骤9。
在步骤3，读取变速箱4的输入轴的转速(传感器54的检测信号)。在步骤4，将以变速箱4的输入轴41的转速作为目标转速控制发动机1的指令(要求信号)发送到发动机ECU10。这样，发动机1的转速如图9所示那样从等候状态的怠速回转上升到变速箱4的输入轴41的回转速度。
在步骤5，读取发动机的输出轴12的回转速度(回转传感器13的检测信号)，判定与变速箱4的输入轴41的回转速度的转速差是否在规定值以下。
当该判定为否时，返回到步骤3，反复进行上述动作，使发动机回转上升，而当判定为是时，即回转差在规定值以下时，前进到步骤6，接合离合器3。这样，可在冲击小的状态下接合离合器3。
然后，在步骤7，根据蓄电元件7的蓄电量，从图10的控制图求出发动机1的输出分配比和电动发电机2的输出分配比。
该图以蓄电元件7的蓄电量(SOC)为参数设定发动机1的输出与电动发电机2的输出的分配比，蓄电量越大则电动发电机2的输出分配越大，蓄电量越小时发动机1的输出分配比例提高。
根据在步骤8这样求出的分配比和此时的加速操作量决定实际的发动机1的输出和电动发电机2的输出。
在步骤9，将与发动机1的分配输出相当的输出要求信号发送到发动机ECU10，同时，可获得电动发电机2的分配输出地控制逆变器6。
这样，在蓄电元件7的蓄电量(SOC)足够的场合，在切断离合器3的状态下，仅由电动发电机2的输出进行起步和行走。
当由电动发电机2的驱动运行消耗电力使蓄电量下降到规定值以下时，离合器3接合，从发动机1辅助输出，从而可在满足车辆的要求的驱动特性的同时扩大电动发电机2的运行区域。由于随着蓄电量下降电动发电机2的输出分配下降，所以，可防止蓄电元件7完全放电。这样，与当蓄电量在规定值以下时，即使蓄电量在规定值以下时将所有输出切换到发动机1的场合相比，电动发电机2的运行区域扩大，相应地改善燃料利用效率和排气特性。
在附加上述发动机1的输出的场合，当从切断状态接合离合器3时，在发动机1的输出轴12的转速与变速箱4的输入轴41的转速的转速差为规定值以下后进行，所以，可防止离合器接合时的冲击。
在图10的控制图中，当蓄电元件7的蓄电量足够时(超过规定值时)，电动发电机2的输出分配比成为1(100％)，如蓄电元件7的蓄电量在规定值以下，则随着其下降，电动发电机2的输出分配比从1逐渐减小到0(0％)，发动机1的输出分配比相应地从0增大到1，当蓄电量在容许下限值以下时，发动机1的输出分配比成为1。
为此，车辆行走时，通过并用电动发电机2的输出和发动机1的输出(步骤7-步骤9)，可在维持与加速操作量相应的驱动力的同时车辆行走时最大限度地利用蓄电元件7的蓄电量。即，仅由发动机1驱动车辆行走时的运行区域缩小，可大幅度地促进燃料利用效率的提高和排出气体的降低。
产业上利用的可能性
本发明为可作为车辆的驱动源利用的平行混合驱动系统。

Claims (3)

1. 一种车辆混合系统，具有发动机、将输入轴的回转变速后从输出轴传递到车轮的变速器、接合和脱离发动机的输出轴与变速器的输入轴的离合器、兼作电动机和发电机的旋转电机、连接旋转电机的输入输出轴与变速器的输入轴的动力传递机构、以及储存从旋转电机供给的电力的蓄电元件；其特征在于，具有：
计算车辆的要求驱动力的装置；
设定旋转电机和发动机的分配输出以满足此要求驱动力的装置，其中，在蓄电元件的蓄电量超过规定值时使旋转电机分担全部输出，当上述蓄电量小于等于上述规定值则使旋转电机和发动机一起分担输出，且对此时的输出分配比进行设定以使得相应于蓄电量降低、旋转电机的分配比减小而发动机的输出分配比增高，若上述蓄电量低于允许下限值则发动机分担全部输出；以及
为了获得各分配输出而控制旋转电机和发动机的输出，同时接合上述离合器的控制装置。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆混合系统，其特征在于：
上述控制装置进行控制以在蓄电量超过规定值时解除上述离合器，仅用上述旋转电机的输出来驱动车辆。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的车辆混合系统，其特征在于：
上述控制装置进行控制以在蓄电量处于规定值以下接合上述离合器时，使上述变速器的输入轴的回转与发动机的回转大体一致后接合离合器。
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WO2002036382A1 (fr) 2002-05-10
CA2427650A1 (en) 2002-05-10
EP1354746A4 (en) 2006-03-22
JP2002138876A (ja) 2002-05-17
KR20030048089A (ko) 2003-06-18

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