CN100405551C - 在双掺杂栅应用中改进轮廓控制和提高n/p负载的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了在等离子体蚀刻室中蚀刻多晶硅栅结构的方法。本方法首先限定保护待蚀刻的多晶硅薄膜的图案。然后,产生等离子体。接下来,基本蚀刻掉所有未保护的多晶硅薄膜。然后,引入含硅气体,引入含硅气体的同时蚀刻剩下的多晶硅薄膜。还提供了配置成后在蚀刻过程中引入含硅气体的蚀刻室。
Description
发明人
Helene Del Puppo,Frank Lin,Chris Lee,Vahid Vahedi,ThomasA.Kamp,和Alan J.Miller
发明背景
本发明涉及在制备半导体器件中等离子体蚀刻浅沟和/或栅结构的改进方法。
在制备比如集成电路的半导体基制品时,可以采用蚀刻和/或沉积步骤建立或去除半导体基片上的材料层。常规蚀刻工艺包括使用一种或多种激发成等离子体状态的蚀刻气体以实现材料层的等离子体蚀刻。这种等离子体蚀刻已经被用来在集成电路里提供单个晶体管的浅沟绝缘。蚀刻后,浅沟里填上介电材料。共同转让的美国专利Nos.6218309和6287974公开了浅沟等离子体蚀刻方法。
制备晶体管时,常规方法是将光刻胶层的图案蚀刻到下面的硬掩模层,去除光刻胶层,并将硬掩模的图案蚀刻到多晶硅层以及向下到栅氧化物层。请参见例如美国专利No.6283131。在多晶硅蚀刻例如活性离子蚀刻方法中,通过侧向钝化多晶硅线同时垂直蚀刻暴露的多晶硅层,得到垂直轮廓。在蚀刻过程中钝化不足可能导致多晶硅线为弓形或凹形、掩模/多晶硅界面出现咬边以及在多晶硅线底部出现槽口。同时,过分钝化可能导致轮廓逐渐变细以及在多晶硅线基部出现基脚。
另外,对于双掺杂应用而言,其中在基板上共存着不同类型的掺杂区,所以不同掺杂区的蚀刻行为也不同。所以,这可能导致轮廓不同,而轮廓不同导致不同掺杂区之间关键尺寸发生变化。而且,还可能发生蚀刻速率微负载,从而对栅完整性有负面影响。
根据上述内容,需要提供适当钝化等级的方法和装置,以确保得到没有槽口的蚀刻轮廓。另外,需要减缓双掺杂硅蚀刻工艺中出现的轮廓差别和蚀刻速率微负载。
发明综述
泛泛而言,本发明通过在蚀刻操作中引入钝化促进气体来防止出现槽,满足了这些需要。值得称道的是,本发明可以通过多种方式实现,包括作为装置、系统、器件或方法。下面将描述本发明的多个具有创造性的实施方案。
在硅层上蚀刻浅沟的方法包括将单个半导体基片支撑在等离子体蚀刻室内的基片支架上,并采用包括含硅气体的蚀刻气体在该半导体基片的硅层上等离子体蚀刻出深度小于1微米、宽度小于0.5微米的浅沟。通过控制硅在整个半导体基片上的沉积和/或提供顶部和/或底部倒角,可以采用含硅气体改进对轮廓的控制和/或对关键尺寸的控制。
根据一个实施方案,在蚀刻硅沟层的上部区域时,以第一流速将含硅气体供给蚀刻室,在蚀刻硅沟层的中部区域时,以第二流速将含硅气体供给蚀刻室,在蚀刻硅沟层的下部区域时,以第三流速将含硅气体供给蚀刻室,其中第一和第三流速大于第二流速。优选第一流速能有效实现沟的顶部倒角,和/或优选第三流速能有效实现沟的底部倒角。优选上部区域包含小于30%的沟深度,和/或底部区域包含小于30%的沟深度,和/或沟侧壁的倾角是70-89°。在某实施方案中,第一流速能有效地以小于80°角使沟上部的侧壁逐渐变细,第二流速能有效地以大于80°角使沟中部的侧壁逐渐变细,第三流速能有效地以小于80°角使沟下部的侧壁逐渐变细。例如,第一流速能有效地以72-82°角使沟上部的侧壁逐渐变细,第二流速能有效地以82-88°角使沟中部的侧壁逐渐变细,第三流速能有效地以72-82°角使沟下部的侧壁逐渐变细。
含硅气体可以包括SiCl4、SiBr4、CH3SiH3、HSiCl3、Si2H6、SiF4、SiH2Cl2、SiH4或其混合物。蚀刻气体还可以包括选自Cl2、HBr、CxFy、CxFyHz、SF6、HCl或其混合物的含卤素气体。在优选实施方案中,Cl2以5-500sccm的流速供给蚀刻室,含硅蚀刻气体包含SiCl4,以1-100sccm的流速供给蚀刻室。在另一实施方案中,蚀刻气体包含Cl2、O2、HBr、He、CF4、HCl、Ar、N2、SF6或其混合物。优选地,通过将射频能感应耦合进等离子体室中和/或等离子体室处于小于100mTorr压力下,使蚀刻气体激励成等离子体状态。
硅层可以是掩模比如氮化硅掩模层下面的单晶硅晶片的一部分。或者,硅层可以是基片比如单晶硅晶片上的外延层、应变硅层或硅锗层。
在半导体基片上蚀刻栅结构的方法包括,将半导体基片支撑在等离子体蚀刻室内的基片支架上,并采用包括含硅气体的蚀刻气体在半导体基片上的硅层上等离子体蚀刻栅结构。
在栅蚀刻过程中,蚀刻气体可以包括HBr、O2、Cl2、He、CF4、N2、NF3、Ar或其混合物,和/或含硅气体可以包括SiCl4、SiBr4、CH3SiH3、Si2H6、SiF4、SiH2Cl2、HSiCl3、SiH4或其混合物。栅栈(gate stack)优选包含位于硅晶片上的多晶硅层,其中所述多晶硅层位于下面的栅氧化物和上面的硬或软掩模层之间,掩模层例如氮化硅掩模层或光刻胶。在某实施方案中,在没有含硅气体条件下蚀刻多晶硅层的上部,在以1-100sccm的流速供应含硅气体时可蚀刻该多晶硅层的下部。优选地,通过将射频能感应耦合进等离子体室中和/或等离子体室处于小于100mTorr压力下,使蚀刻气体激励成等离子体状态。在栅蚀刻中,可以通过控制硅在整个半导体基片上的沉积,采用含硅气体改进轮廓控制和/或关键尺寸控制。在优选方法中,栅结构通过三步蚀刻,第一步骤的蚀刻气体包括Cl2、HBr、O2和CF4,第二步骤的蚀刻气体包括HBr和O2,第三步骤的蚀刻气体包括HBr、O2和He,其中HBr供给蚀刻室的流速在第二步骤比第三步骤大。
在一个实施方案中,提供了在等离子体蚀刻室中蚀刻多晶硅栅结构的方法。该方法首先确定保护待蚀刻的多晶硅薄膜的图案。然后,生成等离子体。接下来,基本上所有未保护的多晶硅薄膜被蚀刻。随后,引入含硅气体,在引入含硅气体同时蚀刻剩下的多晶硅薄膜。
在另一实施方案中,提供了减少基片上不同掺杂材料之间蚀刻速率微负载的方法。该方法首先在蚀刻室里形成等离子体。然后,蚀刻基片。接下来,由蚀刻产生的副产物形成钝化层。然后,改进钝化层。
在又另一实施方案中,提供了半导体加工系统。该半导体加工系统包括蚀刻室。该蚀刻室包括气体进口、配置用以在蚀刻室里激发等离子体的顶置电极,和固定基片的支架。提供了控制器,配置用于探测蚀刻操作中钝化不足的情形。该控制器进一步配置成响应于探测到的钝化不足情形,在蚀刻操作中通过气体进口引入促进钝化的气体。
在又一实施方案中,提供了用于在蚀刻工艺中改进多晶硅向氧化物选择性的方法。该方法首先在蚀刻室中提供将进行等离子体蚀刻的基片。然后,在蚀刻室中激发等离子体。接下来,当基片被蚀刻时,在栅氧化物上沉积含硅的氧化物。
应该知道,上面的概述和下面的详述是示例性的,仅仅用于解释,不是对本发明的限制,本发明如同权利要求所申明的。
附图概述
附图结合在本说明书中并构成了本说明书的一部分,其示例性说明了本发明的实施方案,和说明书一起用来解释本发明的原理。
图1给出了在形成浅沟隔离特征之前,在硅基片上的叠层。
图2给出了浅沟蚀刻工艺,其中已经去除了光刻胶和BARC层并且已经蚀刻穿透了氮化硅和衬垫氧化物层。
图3给出了蚀刻进硅基片里的浅沟隔离特征。
图4是具有弓形轮廓和带亚沟(subtrench)的底部的浅沟隔离特征的显微照片。
图5是用含硅气体蚀刻的浅沟隔离特征的显微照片。
图6是包括顶部倒角和底部倒角的浅沟隔离特征的显微照片。
图7是其上具有叠层的硅基片在进行栅蚀刻之前的图。
图8是其上的氮化硅和多晶硅层被蚀刻穿透直达栅氧化物的硅基片。
图9A是在整个蚀刻步骤中蚀刻气体混合物中不采用含硅气体的蚀刻轮廓的简化示意图。
图9B是具有CD控制的蚀刻栅的显微照片。
图10是简化的横截面示意图,给出了已经用含硅气体蚀刻了的双掺杂栅结构,其中含硅气体用于缓和由于掺杂区域不相似导致的蚀刻速率不同。
图11是蚀刻室的简化示意图,该蚀刻室配置成在整个蚀刻工艺中提供含硅气体。
优选实施方案详述
现在参考附图详细描述本发明的几个示例性实施方案。在下面的描述中,为了提供对本发明的整体理解,给出了多个具体细节。但是,本领域技术人员应该知道,没有某些或全部这些具体细节,也可以实施本发明。在其它情况下,为了不导致使本发明出现不必要的含糊,不再详细描述已知的工艺操作。
许多等离子体蚀刻的应用场合依赖钝化层的生成,以获取所需的特征轮廓。轮廓控制的主要机制涉及蚀刻和沉积反应的平衡。蚀刻反应通常由反应室参数,例如输入功率、压力和气流,直接控制。在硅晶片的等离子体蚀刻中,蚀刻反应产物是主要的沉积源,这导致沉积机制不能直接控制。
对浅沟和栅应用而言,采用了各种蚀刻气体化学物质。例如,当使用HBr-O2蚀刻气体化学物质时,钝化层主要由SixBryOz构成。对Cl2-O2蚀刻气体化学物质而言,钝化层主要由SixClyOz构成。钝化层的其它组分可以包括N、C、H和F。而且,硅晶片和/或蚀刻室材料例如石英组分被蚀刻,导致挥发性的硅蚀刻副产物被引入到钝化层中。
如上所述,由于硅源例如硅晶片和/或蚀刻室材料被蚀刻,硅可能引入到钝化层中。这些硅源是二级产物,不受蚀刻气体化学物质的直接控制。而且,由于挥发性硅蚀刻副产物从晶片表面送到抽真空口,所以含硅副产物在晶片表面的沉积是有限可能的。这可以导致在整个晶片上硅副产物浓度不一致,并且导致蚀刻的特征轮廓和关键尺寸不一致。
许多浅沟应用场合要求顶部和/或底部倒角。美国专利No.5807789描述了具有渐细轮廓和圆形拐角的浅沟。倒角的主要机制是通过生成再沉积副产物。在美国专利No.5801083中描述了将聚合物隔离物用于浅沟隔离区的顶部倒角。共同转让的美国专利No.6218309和No.6287974描述了浅沟隔离特征的顶部倒角。根据一个实施方案,在硅层中蚀刻浅沟的方法包括将单一半导体基片支撑在等离子体蚀刻室里的基片支架上,并且采用包含了含硅气体的蚀刻气体,在半导体基片的硅层上蚀刻出深度小于1微米、宽度小于0.5微米的浅沟。
等离子体可以在各种等离子体反应器中产生。这些等离子体反应器中通常具有能量源,该能量源采用RF能、微波能、磁场等产生中等密度到高密度的等离子体。例如,高密度等离子体可以在Lam ResearchCorporation市售的变压器耦合等离子体仪(TCPTM)中制备,该等离子体仪也称作感应耦合等离子反应器、电子回旋加速器共振(ECR)等离子体反应器、螺旋波(helicon)等离子体反应器等。在共同拥有的美国专利No.5820261中公开了能提供高密度等离子体的高流量等离子体反应器。等离子体也可以在平行板蚀刻反应器比如共同拥有的美国专利No.6090304所描述的双频等离子体蚀刻反应器中制备。
该方法可以在感应耦合等离子体反应器中执行,该反应器通过连接到反应器壁上的出口的真空泵维持在所需的真空压力下。通过从气体源将气体供给绕着介电窗下面延伸的强制通风系统,可以将蚀刻气体送到莲蓬头或注射器装置中。通过将RF能量从RF源供到反应器顶部介电窗外面的外部RF天线,比如具有一圈或多圈绕组的平面螺旋线圈,可以在反应器中生成高密度等离子体。等离子体发生源可以是模块式安装装置的一部分,该装置以真空气密方式可拆卸地安装在反应器上端。
晶片可以支撑在反应器内的基片支架比如悬臂卡盘装置上,悬臂卡盘装置由安装在反应器侧壁的模块式安装装置进行活动支撑。这种基片支架位于悬臂式安装的支撑臂的一端,从而可以通过反应器侧壁上的开口将整个基片支架/支架臂组件从反应器中移出。基片支架可以包括卡盘装置比如静电卡盘(ESC),而且基片可以被介电聚焦环环绕着。卡盘可以包括RF偏压电极,用于在蚀刻过程中将RF偏压施加到基片上。来自气体源的蚀刻气体可以流经窗口和下面气体分布板(GDP)之间的通道,通过GDP上的气体出口进入蚀刻室内部。反应器还可以包括从GDP延伸出来的热衬里。
本发明还可以在平行板等离子反应器中进行,该反应器包括由连接到反应器壁上的出口的真空泵维持在所需真空压力下的内部。通过从气体源供应气体可以将蚀刻气体供给莲蓬头电极,通过从一个或多个RF源将RF能量供给莲蓬头电极和/或底部电极,可以在反应器内产生中等密度的等离子体。或者,可以将莲蓬头电极电接地,并且能够将两种不同频率的RF能量供给底部电极。
各种气体的流速取决于比如等离子体反应器类型、能量设置、反应器内的真空压力、等离子体源的离解速率等因素,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。
反应器内压力优选维持在能使等离子体在反应器中维持的合适等级。通常,反应器压力太低会导致等离子体熄灭,但在高密度蚀刻反应器中,反应器压力太高会导致蚀刻终止。对高密度等离子体反应器而言,优选反应器压力低于100mTorr。对中等密度的等离子反应器而言,反应器优选压力是30-100mTorr,更优选是50-100mTorr。由于等离子体集中在正被蚀刻的半导体基片上,所以基片表面的真空压力可能高于反应器设置的真空压力。
对正被蚀刻的半导体基片进行支撑的基片支架冷却基片,从而足以防止有害的副反应,比如基片上任何光刻胶的燃烧和不需要的反应剂气体自由基的形成。在高密度和中高密度等离子体反应器中,足以将基片支架冷却到-10-+80℃。基片支架可以包括底部电极和ESC,底部电极用以在基片处理过程中向基片提供RF偏压,而ESC用于夹紧基片。例如,基片可以包含硅晶片,硅晶片采用静电夹持并通过在晶片和ESC顶部表面之间施加所需压力的氦气(He)进行冷却。为了将晶片维持在所需温度,晶片和卡盘之间的He可以维持在10-30Torr的压力。
图1-3示出了在硅层上蚀刻浅沟的方法。如图1所示,硅基片10在其上包括叠层,叠层包括的衬垫氧化物12、厚的氮化硅层14、厚的底部减反射涂层(BARC)16和厚的光刻胶层18,在光刻胶上已经进行了图案化以提供开口20。在硅晶片上蚀刻浅沟的过程中,光刻胶18包括对应于所需浅沟的多个开口20。氮化硅层14在开口20的位置被打开,形成带有图案的硬掩模。
在打开硬掩模14的过程中,用等离子体蚀刻打开BARC层16。在示例性的打开BARC的步骤中,蚀刻室的真空压力可以是5mTorr,用来将射频能量感应耦合到蚀刻室中的天线可以设成350瓦。基片支架可以包括电极,该电极施加了88瓦的能量从而提供RF偏压。采用50sccm的CF4等离子体蚀刻60秒,同时维持晶片温度为大约60℃,就可以打开BARC。接下来,将蚀刻室设置在相同压力但增加天线功率到1000瓦,打开氮化硅层14和衬垫氧化物12,形成开口22。在维持晶片温度为约60℃的同时用70sccm的CHF3和300sccm的Ar蚀刻44秒,可以蚀刻氮化硅层。此后,将蚀刻室压力设为10mTorr、天线设为1000瓦,去除光刻胶和BARC。采用200sccm的O2,45秒后可以去除光刻胶。
该去除步骤的结果是除去了BARC和光刻胶层,并且硅暴露出来的区域被O2等离子体氧化。在示例性方法中,蚀刻室设为5mTorr,供给天线的功率为350瓦。采用50sccm的CF4持续7秒同时维持晶片温度为约60℃,对氧化的硅进行蚀刻。接下来,在蚀刻室压力设为50mTorr并且供给天线的功率为1000瓦的条件下,可以蚀刻硅基片。可以向底部电极供应约220瓦的功率,蚀刻气体可以包括125sccm的Cl2、14sccm的O2和14sccm的N2,同时维持晶片温度为约60℃。为了提供所需的倒角和/或轮廓和/或CD控制,还可以在蚀刻气体中加入含硅气体,例如SiCl4。在形成了图3所示的沟结构24后,将晶片浸入HF2分钟然后用去离子水旋转冲洗,使晶片清洁。
图4是采用125sccm的Cl2但在蚀刻气体中没有加入SiCl4形成的沟结构的显微照片。如图4所示,沟具有弓形轮廓和带亚沟的底部。在蚀刻气体中加入含硅气体,可以改进对关键尺寸(CD)和轮廓的控制。图5是在蚀刻浅沟时采用了含硅气体形成的沟结构的显微照片。图5所示的沟结构采用75sccm的Cl2和25sccm的SiCl4蚀刻。图6是在蚀刻浅沟时采用含硅气体从而形成了顶部和底部具有倒角的渐细沟的显微照片。
图7和图8是栅蚀刻的示意图。如图7所示,硅晶片30包括其上的叠层,叠层包括厚的氧化物层32、厚的多晶硅层34、厚的氮化硅层36和厚的光刻胶层38,光刻胶层已经进行了图案化,从而在其中包括对应于栅蚀刻位置的开口40。值得注意的是,屏障层不限于氮化硅。例如,本领域技术人员知道,栅应用中的硬掩模是二氧化硅(SiO2)或者氧氮化硅(SiOxNy)。另外,屏障层的厚度可以是或任何其它合适的厚度。虽然图7只示出了一个开口40,但在晶片上的蚀刻栅结构中,有许多对应于栅所需位置的开口40。
示例性的栅蚀刻过程如下。首先,在蚀刻室压力为15mTorr、天线功率为400瓦的条件下进行修整步骤。修整步骤的蚀刻气体可以包括30sccm的HBr和10sccm的O2。然后,将蚀刻室设为10sccm的CF4,蚀刻氮化硅层36,以在氮化硅层上提供与开口40相对应的开口。随后,通过穿透(breakthrough)步骤、第一主蚀刻、第二主蚀刻和过度蚀刻这四个步骤蚀刻多晶硅。在穿透步骤中,由于有些化学物质例如HBr不容易或均一地蚀刻SiO2,所以蚀刻的是位于硅表面的原有(native)氧化物。本领域技术人员显然知道,如果该化学物质含有CF4,就不需要采用穿透步骤。在第一主蚀刻步骤中,蚀刻室设为10mTorr,天线功率设为800瓦。蚀刻气体包括50sccm的Cl2、175sccm的HBr、60sccm的CF4和5sccm的O2。在第二主蚀刻步骤中,蚀刻室设为30mTorr,天线设为350瓦。第二主蚀刻的蚀刻气体包括300sccm的HBr和3sccm的O2。在过度蚀刻步骤中,蚀刻室设为80mTorr,天线供给功率为500瓦。过度蚀刻中的蚀刻气体包括130sccm的HBr、4sccm的O2和约270sccm的He。含硅气体例如SiCl4,可以加到第一或第二主蚀刻和/或过度蚀刻步骤中,以改进栅轮廓控制和晶片CD控制。多晶硅蚀刻后,开口42延伸到栅氧化物32,如图8所示。
图9A是在过度蚀刻步骤中在蚀刻气体混合物中不采用含硅气体得到的蚀刻轮廓的简化示意图。蚀刻的栅特征102a-102c包括在每个蚀刻栅特征基部的槽100。为了在蚀刻步骤最后去除多晶硅薄层时,即在过度蚀刻步骤中,保持栅的完整性,在进行过度蚀刻步骤时需要保持对氧化物的高选择性。通常知道,栅氧化物凹坑化(pitting)是这样一种现象,在小型局部区域里栅氧化物或栅材料被选择性蚀刻,导致下面的硅发生蚀刻产生凹坑。
图9B是关键尺寸得到控制的蚀刻栅特征的示例性显微照片,是通过根据本发明的一个实施方案在过度蚀刻工艺中加入含硅气体获得的。硅蚀刻气体混合物中的含硅气体,增加了侧壁钝化的数量,以减弱所有的成槽作用。因此,由于加入了硅蚀刻气体使侧壁钝化,得到了具有无槽底部的栅特征102a-102c。在一个实施方案中,就硬掩模栅应用而言,侧壁钝化主要由Si、O和X基材料构成,其中X是卤素或卤素的混合物,例如溴、氯、氟等。本领域技术人员知道卤素可以取决于蚀刻化学。因此,开始的两个蚀刻步骤通过包括蚀刻副产物的反应,将来自基片的硅引入到钝化层中。但是,在多晶硅蚀刻最后,即过度蚀刻步骤中,由于耗尽了待蚀刻的硅材料,所以也耗尽了硅基副产物。同时,提高了蚀刻物质浓度。因此,在过度蚀刻步骤几乎不发生钝化,在多晶硅线基部已有的钝化可能受到蚀刻物质的攻击,导致多晶硅线出现成槽作用。但是,在过度蚀刻步骤中加入硅,可以替代耗尽的硅,后者以前由被蚀刻的硅材料提供。
图10给出了蚀刻的双掺杂栅结构的横截面简化示意图。此处,栅110由n型掺杂的多晶硅组成,而栅112由p型掺杂的多晶硅组成。应该注意到在过度蚀刻步骤中加入含硅气体促进了钝化层的形成,从而缓和了由基片上掺杂栅结构不相似导致的差别。侧向攻击的量也可以随着栅蚀刻工艺最后步骤中掺杂类型而改变,在此最后步骤时蚀刻化学物质对栅氧化物的选择性更强。结果,在硅蚀刻第一步骤中确定的轮廓可以在最后步骤中改变,导致不同掺杂区域之间轮廓和关键尺寸不同,即,也称作n/p轮廓负载。因此,在另一实施方案中,在蚀刻最后步骤例如过度蚀刻步骤中在气体混合物中加入硅源,降低了不同掺杂硅之间的蚀刻速率微负载。另外,硅气体使多晶硅线更加钝化,从而降低了不同类型掺杂硅的侧向蚀刻差异对轮廓限定的影响。
相应地,在硅蚀刻过程中的蚀刻气体混合物中加入含硅气体会消除在特征基底的成槽作用。另外,在过度蚀刻步骤的蚀刻气体混合物中的含硅气体会增加对氧化物的选择性。而且,在硅蚀刻过程的蚀刻气体混合物里的含硅气体会降低同一基片上不同类型掺杂硅之间的轮廓差异。也就是说,在硅蚀刻过程的蚀刻气体混合物中加入含硅气体会减少n型掺杂、p型掺杂或未掺杂的多晶硅线之间的关键尺寸偏差。
图11是蚀刻室的简化示意图,该蚀刻室配置成在过度蚀刻工艺中提供含硅气体。蚀刻室120包括气体进口122、顶置电极124、支撑晶片或半导体基片126的静电卡盘128。蚀刻室120可以包括出口130,该出口可以与用以对蚀刻室抽真空的泵流体连通。工艺气体供应源132和气体进口122流体连通。应该注意的是,钝化促进气体,例如如上所述的含硅气体,可以通过气体进口122提供给蚀刻室。控制器134和蚀刻室120和工艺气体供应源134连通,其配置成用以探测钝化不足的情况,即过度蚀刻步骤。响应于所探测的钝化不足的情况,控制器可以触发工艺气体供应源134将含硅气体供给蚀刻室120。应该注意的是,控制器134可以通过任何适当的端点探测探测出钝化不足的情况,或者过度蚀刻工艺的启动可以触发含硅气体的供应。而且,控制器134在一个实施方案中是普通计算机。
表1总结了与引入含硅气体比如SiCl4相关的参数。
表1
压力 | 0.5-200mTorr |
功率 | 10-5000W |
SiCl<sub>4</sub>流速 | 0.1-300sccm |
温度 | -77℃-200℃ |
应该注意到表1是示例性的,不是为了限制。也就是说,可以采用任何合适的含硅气体。而且,取决于蚀刻室的配置,这些参数的范围可以改变。
在一个实施方案中,当在过度蚀刻步骤的气体混合物中加入SiCl4或者另一合适的含硅气体时,多晶硅仍被蚀刻,但是,在栅氧化物上出现了保护性沉积。也就是说,可以引入Br或Cl或任何其它蚀刻室中已存在的合适元素的SiOx薄层,沉积在栅氧化物或硝化的栅氧化物上。应该注意的时,为了形成该SiOx层,还提供了氧源。该薄层的氧源来自于含氧气体的引入,或者在容器中存在含氧组分,例如石英、氧化铝、被蚀刻基片的含氧组分等。用于等离子体的氧源的一个例子是氧气。应该注意到,多晶硅和氧化物之间的蚀刻速率选择性变得无穷大,即栅氧化物没有蚀刻,这是因为沉积了含硅氧化物的薄层。结果,这导致栅完整性得到改善,即,任何氧化物损失如果有的话也是最小的、硅凹槽变小并且显著减少了凹坑化的发生率。而且,蚀刻速率选择性的增加使该工艺范围变宽,因为该工艺可能应用在在选择性不改善就会出现凹坑化的区域。
在另一实施方案中,在蚀刻室里可以包括固体硅源,以为钝化层提供硅。也就是说,在其中待蚀硅基本耗尽的过度蚀刻工艺中,固体硅源提供钝化层所需的硅,以防止出现成槽作用。例如,蚀刻室的顶置电极可以包括固体硅源,在过度蚀刻步骤中通过向顶置电极施加射频(RF)偏压就可以激发该硅源。
上面已经描述了本发明的原理、优选实施方案和操作模式。但是,本发明不应被理解为限于所讨论的具体实施方案。因此,应该认为上述实施方案是示例性的,而不是限制性的,应该注意的是本领域技术人员在不偏离随后权利要求所定义的本发明范围下,可以对这些实施方案进行改变。
本发明已经根据各个示例性实施方案进行了描述。考虑到本发明的说明书和实践,对本领域技术人员而言,本发明的其它实施方案是显而易见的。上述实施方案和优选特征应该是示例性的,而本发明由所述权利要求限定。
Claims (3)
1.用于在蚀刻工艺中改进多晶硅向氧化物选择性的方法,包括:
在蚀刻室中提供将进行等离子体蚀刻的基片;
在蚀刻室中激发等离子体;
在进行蚀刻工艺的过度蚀刻步骤时,向蚀刻室中引入含硅气体,其中所述含硅气体选自SiH3CH3、SiH(CH3)3和原硅酸四乙酯;和
当基片被蚀刻时,在栅氧化物上沉积含硅的氧化物层。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中当基片被蚀刻时在栅氧化物上沉积含硅的氧化物层的方法操作在蚀刻工艺的过度蚀刻步骤时进行。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中当基片被蚀刻时在栅氧化物上沉积含硅的氧化物层的方法操作使得多晶硅向氧化物的选择性增加,从而防止对栅氧化物被蚀刻。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP4791956B2 (ja) | 2011-10-12 |
JP2006523381A (ja) | 2006-10-12 |
US7186661B2 (en) | 2007-03-06 |
US20040175950A1 (en) | 2004-09-09 |
US7098141B1 (en) | 2006-08-29 |
JP2011211225A (ja) | 2011-10-20 |
CN1781185A (zh) | 2006-05-31 |
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