CN100365683C - 在显示设备上处理视频图像的方法和设备 - Google Patents
在显示设备上处理视频图像的方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及两种新型等离子体显示板的控制技术。已知的PDP控制原理是基于子域寻址和起动的联合,在起动周期,所有等离子体单元由高电压脉冲预激励。这种方法产生轻微的背景亮度,对于图像质量而言,可获得的对比度降低,因此是一个缺点。根据本发明,提出一种用自起动子域和刷新子域代替这种硬起动周期。这种概念保证了该黑的单元更黑,而刷新子域能更快地被寻址。实际上,帧周期内刷新子域多于自起动子域数,因此,总的寻址时间可以用这一新技术而减少。更快的寻址使剩下更多时间用于维持脉冲,也就允许亮区更亮。这对连接到75赫兹多媒体的等离子体监视器特别有例。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及处理在显示器上显示的视频图像方法。更具体地说,本发明紧密地涉及改善图像质量的视频处理,这些图像是显示在矩阵显示器上,例如等离子体显示屏(PDP)或像素值控制在显示器上的相应于小发光脉冲数产生的其它显示设备。
背景技术
等离子体技术现已能使它获得大尺寸的平面彩色屏(超过了CRT的限制)和很小的屏厚度而没有观察角的限制。
关于最新一代的欧洲电视,已为改善图像质量做了很多工作。因此,像等离子体之类的新技术必须提供与标准电视技术一样或更好的图像质量。一方面,等离子体给出了“无限制”的屏幕尺寸和有吸引力的厚度,但另一方面,它也产生了新的降低图像质量的赝像。
大多数这些赝像与CRT电视的不同,并且,因为人们不自觉地已习惯了旧电视的赝像,而使这些新的赝像很明显。
等离子体显示器(PDP)利用只是“开”或“关”的放电单元矩阵,还有,不像CRT或LCD,它们当中的灰度电平是由光辐射的模拟控制来表示的,而PDP是由调制每帧光脉冲数来控制灰度电平的(维持脉冲)。这一时间调制将由人眼在相应于眼睛响应时间的周期内积分。
为了获得好的图像质量,对比度是头等重要的。由于下面两个理由,等离子体显示屏(PDP)的对比度值低于CRT所能获得的值。
-在PDP中,为了准备在子域内均匀的光辐射,需要有使等离子体单元预充电的起动过程,另一方面,这一过程的负效应是产生屏幕背景光。
-很长时间用于寻址PDP,它使可获得的光输出电平降低。
发明内容
为了克服对比度降低的缺点,本发明公开了一种通过使用“自起动”和“刷新子域”的方法增加PDP对比度的技术。
为实现上述目的,一种在显示设备上处理视频图像的方法,该显示设备具有多个对应图像象素的显示单元,其中,视频帧或视频域的持续时间被分成多个子域,其间发光单元能被激活,并以小脉冲的形式辐射光,这些小脉冲相应于子域码字,它是用来控制亮度的,其中子域周期被分成寻址周期,维持周期和擦除周期,其特征在于专门的子域结构用于子域编码,子域编码基于下列规则:
对于所有非0的输入视频电平,选择的子域码字决不能在两个被激活的子域之间有多于一个相继的子域来被激活。
按照本发明的另一方面,一种处理视频图像的设备,视频图像包括分配一个或多个表示亮度或像素的彩色分量的像素值的像素,像素值被数字化地编码成数字码子,数字码子确定时间周期的长度,在该时间周期,显示器的对应单元被激活,其中,对于数字码子的每一比特,分配某些激活持续周期,确定子域和子域持续周期的和,根据给定的子域码字,确定时间周期的长度,在该时间周期,对应的显示单元被激活,装置包括:
子域编码装置(11),用于分配像素值,子域码子和子域编码按照下属规则进行:
对于所有非0的输入视频电平,选择的子域码字决不能在两个被激活的子域之间有多于一个相继的子域来被激活。
附图说明
本发明的实施例描述在附图中,并在下面作较详细的说明。
图1表示没有本发明概念的子域结构例图;
图2表示根据本发明的第一例子域结构;
图3表示根据本发明的第二例子域结构;
图4表示本发明在PDP中的电路实施的方框图。
具体实施方式
自起动子域减少或消除起动的需要,这样,使暗区更暗,而刷新子域能更快被寻址。实际上,一帧周期内刷新的子域数高于自起动子域数。因此,总的寻址时间可用这一新技术而减少。
更快速的寻址留下更多时间用于维持脉冲,这样,使亮区更亮。这对连接75赫芝多媒体源的PDP监视器特别正确,因为为了获得可接受的子域数,图像功率通常限于75赫芝源。在50赫和60赫的模式中,图像功率通常多电源电子线路的限制,减少寻址时间可换来增加子域数,从而改善图像质量。请注意,发生在PDP中的虚影效应,如果帧周期内的子域数增加,则可减少。已知的解总是利用单独的子域寻址(均匀寻址),这样在自起动和刷新子域时不会分裂(非均匀寻址)。
在均匀寻址模式中,起动脉冲的应用是共同的。两类起动脉冲可被区分开;硬起动脉冲(方形脉冲,有很大的上升斜率,产生较多的背景光),它在每帧周期用一次,和软起动脉冲(三角形脉冲,上升斜率减少,产生较少的背景光),它在每一子域用一次,产生较多的背景亮度的硬起动,它减少了可获得的对比度因子。软起动每一脉冲产生较少的背景亮度,但因软起动总是产生每帧较多的脉冲,总的结果可能更差。在这两种模式或,图像质量都降低。
本发明中提出的非均匀寻址降低了对起动的需求,并同时减少了总的需要寻址的时间,对比度和图像质量都得到改善。较少的起动意味着较少的背景光,暗区变得更暗,以这种方法获得大的对比度值。
等离子体技术需求成功地把预激发写给单元。借助于对所有单元提供高质量的大的写脉冲,可获得这种激发。这种写脉冲就是上面提到的起动脉冲。这一类对应小电子放电的写脉冲产生背景亮度,降低了对比度,因为已知的起动被作用于甚至应该是暗的单元。
如上所述,本发明的概念涉及自起动子域和刷新子域的应用。自起动子域优先地位于帧周期的开始。它不需要专门的外起动脉冲,因为它本身产生用于所需的预激发的放电。背景亮度问题不会出现,因自起动子域内的写脉冲并不作用于那些应该是暗的单元,而只作用于那些非零象素值,总要照射的单元而得到解决。自起动子域可以要求比通常子域更多的写的时间,因而自起动子域数应较少,也就是说,在一帧周期内,一个或两个自起动子域就足够了,并且增加数目将会越来越不实际。
本发明的另一方面是应用经修改的子域编码方法,使对所有输入的非零视频电平,至少有一个自起动子域是激活的,这意味着这一自起动子域的相应发光周期是接通的。
对于那些应为暗的单元,没有子域被激活,这意味着他们没有被起动,因此,像所希望那样,他们不显示背景亮度。对于所有其它单元,至少有一个自起动子域是激活的,因此产生相应的写脉冲,用这种方法获得单元所需的起动。在成功地单元写/起动之后跟随的子域,具有刷新单元激发状态的附加功能。
遵循这样的规则,即在两个单元写脉冲之间的间隔越长,用于刷新的写脉冲也必须越长。这就是本发明的一个方面,即应用最佳子域编码方法来刷新,以使写脉冲之间的间隔最小。按照本发明的这一解决方案,对于一个子域的最大值之后,单元写的重复间隔最小化。
本发明的进一步的方面还在于怎样把自起动和刷新子域的概念与特定的子域结构和子域编码方法相联合,当等离子体显示以50赫帧重复模式工作时,用来减少大面积的闪烁效应。
如上述,本发明把采用自起动子域和刷新子域的概念用于PDP控制,这一概念将在下面作详细说明。
首先,子域一词,定义作:子域是一个连续的时间周期,其间对单元实施下列工作:
1.有一个写/寻址周期,其间单元进入高电压激活状态,或低电压中性状态。
2.有一个维持周期,其间用短脉冲造成气体放电,导致相应的短发光脉冲。当然,仅仅是先前被激发的单元能产生光脉冲,中性状态的单元中不产生气体放电。
3.有一个擦除周期,其间单元的充电被熄灭。
现在,词“自起动子域”定义作:如果子域具有一个或多个下列特征者,可称为“自起动子域”:
1.较低的寻址速度:较长的写脉冲增加了单元被写的概率,更多的时间需用作寻址,但这增加的时间是可以接受的,因为减少了自起动子域的数目。
2.更高的写电压:对于自起动子域,高的写电压作用于单元,这就要求专门的PDP激励电路。在激励器中功率消耗的改变是可以接受的,因为自起动子域数比起总的子域数很少。
3.双写脉冲:自起动子域被写两次,第一次写的周期预激励单元,第二次写周期完成写的过程:PDP中写行的次序可如下:
1 2 3 4...479 480 1 2 3...480
应用不同的行写顺序可能是有利的,其中二个写脉冲,在短的连续过程内,作用于每一单元,例如,用下列行写顺序(第二写脉冲下面画有短线):
1_2 1 3 2 4 3 5 4 6 5 7 6 8 7...
或甚至
1_2_3 1 4 2 5 3 6 4 7 5 8 6...行激励器通常联在链中,形成大的移位寄存器,多至480单元,每行一个。借助于寄存器左右移位,很容易以上述顺序寻址各行。
4.软起动脉冲:
自起动子域可包括软起动脉冲,与硬起动相比,(硬起动中同时作用于所有单元的起动脉冲是边缘很陡、能量很大的短形脉冲),在文献中存在“软起动”一词,它用不同的脉冲形式,亦即三角形脉冲形状和减少了能量。这样一种软起动脉冲可在子域的前头作用于单元。借助于限制软起动脉冲仅仅在帧周期开始的子域,或仅仅第一个子域,背景亮度也可减少。但是,这种技术最好不用,因为如已提到的,每一起动脉冲降低了对比度。
结果,自起动子域以不同的方法作为其它子域被寻址。
已经提到,自起动子域的概念也包括特定的子域编码方法,这一原理,现在就加以说明。
如果所有不该为暗的单元被至少一个自起动子域激发,自起动子域可以只执行它的起动功能。因此,自起动编码基于这样的特点,即除了代码0之外,所有其它编码至少有一个自起动子域被激活。最有用的实现是在一帧周期内有1个或者2个自起动子域。
接下来,表示在每帧8个子域外,有一个自起动子域的例子。为了简单起见假定,用8个子域,只能对32个离散电平编码。
子域结构如下,其中第一个子域是自起动子域
1-1-2-3-4-4-8-8
32个电平具有下列编码字:
0:0000 0000 | 16:1110 1010 |
1:1000 0000 | 17:1101 1010 |
2:1100 0000 | 18:1011 1010 |
3:1010 0000 | 19:1111 1010 |
4:1110 0000 | 20:1110 1110 |
5:1101 0000 | 21:1101 1110 |
6:1011 0000 | 22:1011 1110 |
7:1111 0000 | 23:1111 1110 |
8:1110 1000 | 24:1110 1011 |
9:1101 1000 | 25:1101 1011 |
10:1011 1000 | 26:1011 1011 |
11:1111 1000 | 27:1111 1011 |
12:1110 1100 | 28:1110 1111 |
13:1101 1100 | 29:1101 1111 |
14:1011 1100 | 30:1101 1111 |
15:1111 1100 | 31:1111 1111 |
根据需要,第一个子域总是对所有编码激活的,除了编码0之外。
接下来,表示6个子域结构,2个自起动子域和33个离散电平的例子:
1-2-3-5-8-13
33个电平具有下列编码字:
0:000 000 | 17:101 110 |
1:100 000 | 18:011 110 |
2:100 000 | 19:111 110 |
3:110 000 | 20:010 101 |
4:101 000 | 21:110 101 |
5:011 000 | 22:101 101 |
6:111 100 | 23:011 101 |
7:010 100 | 24:111 101 |
8:110 100 | 25:101 011 |
9:101 100 | 26:011 011 |
10:011 100 | 27:111 011 |
11:111 100 | 28:010 111 |
12:101 010 | 29:110 111 |
13:011 010 | 30:101 111 |
14:111 010 | 31:011 111 |
15:010 110 | 32:111 111 |
16:110 110 |
根据需要,头两个子域中的一个总是对所有编码激活的,除了编码0之外。
接下来,解说刷新子域。如果子域具有下列一个或多个特征,则可称该子域为“刷新子域”:
1.较高的寻址速度
这里,较短的写脉冲被用来把单元带入中性或者受激状态。能这样做的原因是因为单元已在自起动子域之前被写,这改善了对下一个子域的写性能,好像单元已记住他们在以前被怎样处理过。
2.较低的写电压
较低的写电压可用来寻址刷新子域。
以前已经提到,刷新子域的概念也包括特定的子域编码方法。这一原理将在下面说明。
对于刷新编码,有下面的规则:如果对所有输入值,在码字中两个被激活的子域之间,决不会有多于一个来被激活的子域,则称该子域编码为刷新码。
能够证明,如果在子域结构中,子域加权的基本数列比斐波纳契数列增长的慢,则编码常可设计成具有刷新性能:
1-2-3-5-8-13-21-34-55-89...
换句话说,在子域结构中,给定的子域决不能有比前2个子域加权的和更高的加权。具有这种特性的编码将被称为斐波纳契子域编码。上面给出的两份自起动编码表也是斐波纳契编码表,确实,决不会在两个‘1’之间有多于一个相继的‘0’。
注意,有一些刷新码不是斐波纳契码,但这些码对PDP的应用不感举趣,因为他们使围绕最小有效加权所用的子域不紧密。作为这种编码的例子,考虑有5个子域的子域结构,并且加权为1-2-2-2-5,其中值8应编码成10101,而不是11001,这不是有效的刷新码。对于所有实际的目的,刷新码为斐波纳契码,且所有的斐波纳契码都是刷新码。
上面解说的原理,现在用实际例子来说明,该例子中,有256个不同的亮度电平能被编码,但已提到,实际实现的值不同于本例中所表示的值,特别是所用子域的数目和加权。这些实施例被认为是本发明的进一步的例子。
首先,为了比较,讨论不应用本发明原理的实际例子:
在这例中,子域结构有12个子域,子域的加权如下:
1-2-4-8-16-32-32-32-32-32-32-32
根据电视/视频技术中的要求。这个子域结构可产生256个视频电平。图1表示帧周期和它划分的子域。每一子域由擦除、扫描和维持几部分组成,表示在图1的底部。还有在硬起动周期之前,有一个擦除周期。图中,属于硬起动周期的擦除周期描绘于最后的子域的末端(仅仅为画图的目的)。子域加权用子域上面的数字指示。在第一子域前,表示在方格式图型中的硬起动周期。这一周期被用作已知的PDP控制实现,用于如前面所说明的单元的预激发。对于这一周期,当然没有所示的维持周期。这是为什么这一周期不是子域的一个理由,另一个理由是,在这一周期内,所有单元同时被寻址,而在子域周期内,单元以行的方式被寻址。
帧周期稍大于全部子域周期和硬起动周期之和。其理由是,对于非标准的视频源,视频线可能遭受晃动,而确信所有子域和硬起动周期与晃动的视频线相适应,用于硬起动和所有子域的总时间稍短于标准视频行。
在这一子域结构中,没有自起动子域(亦即所有子域以同样的方法寻址),并且对32个电平的最佳编码是000001000000,其中,所有前五个子域必须置0。如果在这一例中要想为起动采用子域,则必须采用6个自起动子域,以确保对所有非0码字的单元写。这可能是不实际的(对于6个自起动子域,额外寻址的时间太多)。此外,这一编码不是刷新码:在硬起动之后,可能有多于5个子域未被激发。
在下一例中,表示根据本发明的子域结构。在此例中,采用12个子域,但有不同的子域加权。还有,256个不同视频电平可用这一子域结构处理。
1-2-3-5-8-16-16-32-32-64-64
图2根据这一子域结构,把帧周期分成子域。头两个子域SPSF是自起动子域,后10个子域RSF是刷新子域。还有,在这一例中,在子域周期之前有起动周期,但注意到,这一软起动周期比在前一例中的硬起动周期短。当前的研究表明,根据现在的等离子体技术,这一软起动周期,对于在单元内可靠的等离子体产生是必须的,如果将来开发了先进的等离子体技术,那就不再需要这种软起动周期,并且相应的时间可用于其它目的。例如在子域结构中增加另外的子域,或扩展子域的维持周期,或诸如此类。用所选的子域加权,可使用斐波纳契码(一个给定的子域决不能高于前两个子域的和)。对于所有编码,保证在两个被激活的子域间,决不会有多于1个子域来被激活。两个自起动子域SPSF具有较长的寻址部分(扫描时间),在这一例中,自起动子域SPSF的寻址部分,差不多是剩下的10个刷新子域RSF中一个的寻址时间的两倍。
根据本发明的另一个子域结构的例子,由下列数列的子域加权表示:
1-2-3-5-8-12-17-23-30-39-50-65
还有,在这一子域结构中,头两个子域是自起动子域,剩下的子域是刷新子域。这一子域结构服从这一原则:即一个给定子域的加权不会高于前面两个子域加权之和。根据本发明的这一子域结构是对虚影效应补偿的更好的优化。
在最后二个例中,由于采用自起动子域SPSF和刷新子域RSF,因而不需要硬起动脉冲,并且最后10个子域的寻址脉冲可比第一例减少。根据实际的实现,这一刷新子域寻址时间的减少,可能甚至比上面两幅图中所指出的还多。虽然自起动子域要求更多的寻址时间,在第二种情况下,更多的有效时间用于维持脉冲。
图3中是根据本发明的另一个子域结构的例子。这一例子,当输入标准电视信号像PAL、SECOM,时,对50赫显示模型最佳。较大面积的闪烁效应是50赫电视标准中最大的干扰,这就是为什么在电视机中广泛使用100赫上变频器来补偿这一效应的原因。等离子体显示的工作原理基于在寻址、维持和擦除周期中小的光脉冲产生。这就允许专门适用的子域结构和为补偿大面积效应的子域编码。对于这一解决方案,本申请人已申请了欧洲专利,申请号98115607.8-2205,专利的公开号是EP-A-0982707。该申请的基本原理是,定义两组子域,它们彼此分开某一时间,且子域在这些组上的分布使在这两组上的子域加权尽可能相等。在50赫电视标准中,帧周期持续20毫秒,这种改变的影响是子域组发生在10毫秒的光栅内,它相应于100赫的上变频。大面积的闪烁效应,很容易用这种改变来补偿。为了揭示这种改变的细节,参考上面提到的EP申请(欧洲专利申请)。
图3表示子域结构的例子,其中大面积闪烁减少的概念与自起动和刷新子域结合起来,下面具有14个子域的子域结构,作为例子考虑。
1-4-8-12-20-32-52 2-4-8-12-20-32-48
帧周期为20毫秒。这里应注意,50赫电视标准的帧周期是40毫秒,因为交错且这些域只发生在20毫秒的光栅内。但是,等离子体显示器工作于渐进模式,因此,在交叉渐进变换之后,这些帧发生在20毫秒的光栅内。
如前所述,假定视频信号用8bit字数字化,因此仍有256个不同的视频电平,子域分成适合在100赫光栅内的两组(G1、G2),对这两组都提供自起动子域和刷新子域。子域编码这样选择,使50赫分量最小,这意味着,对于象素的子域加权,在两组(G1、G2)中尽可能相等。对于编码,加权也应集中在最少的有效子域附近。例如,如果对视频电平17编码,那么编码器将输出编码字10100000010000%而不是10000000001000%,其中子域加权用1,8,8而不是1和16。
第一组(G1)最后的子域和第二组(G2)的第一子域之间的间隙可能十分有意义。为此,采用两个软起动脉冲,一个在每一子域组的开头。与75赫的例相反,在100赫的例中,头三个子域是自起动子域,因为有一些编码,在一个或二个组中其头二个子域是没有的(例如对视频电平28)。在每一子域组中的最后四个子域是刷新子域,并能被快速寻址。
一个子域加权不应大于前面两个子域加权的和的原则,不能用图3中所示的子域结构来满足,但是违背这一原则的只是第一组的第三子域,所以,图像质量不会有值得注意的影响。图4中说明了本发明的线路实现。控制单元10选择合适的斐波纳契码用来借助于寻址子域编码单元11的编码表自自动和刷新给定的R.G.B电平。它控制来往于帧存储器13的写和读。此外,它产生非均匀(自起动和刷新)子域结构所需的所有扫描和维持脉冲。软起动脉冲同时作用于所有单元。控制单元10接收水平和垂直信号,用作基准定时。还有,寻址等离子体单元行的串并处理也是控制单元10控制的。注意,对于自起动子域,较低的扫描速度被用来作为对刷新子域的。
Claims (7)
1.一种在显示设备上处理视频图像的方法,该显示设备具有多个对应图像象素的显示单元,其中,视频帧或视频域的持续时间被分成多个子域,其间发光单元能被激活,并以小脉冲的形式辐射光,这些小脉冲相应于子域码字,它是用来控制亮度的,其中子域周期被分成寻址周期,维持周期和擦除周期,其特征在于专门的子域结构用于子域编码,子域编码基于下列规则:
对于所有非0的输入视频电平,选择的子域码字决不能在两个被激活的子域之间有多于一个相继的子域被激活。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述专门的子域结构包括:
当按大小顺序排列时,子域加权按下述规则增加:给定的子域加权不能高于前面两个子域加权和。
3.一种处理视频图像的设备,视频图像包括分配一个或多个表示亮度或像素的彩色分量的像素值的像素,像素值被数字化地编码成数字码子,数字码子确定时间周期的长度,在该时间周期,显示器的对应单元被激活,其中,对于数字码子的每一比特,分配某些激活持续周期,确定子域和子域持续周期的和,根据给定的子域码字,确定时间周期的长度,在该时间周期,对应的显示单元被激活,装置包括:
子域编码装置(11),用于分配像素值,子域码子和子域编码按照下述规则进行:
对于所有非0的输入视频电平,选择的子域码字决不能在两个被激活的子域之间有多于一个相继的子域被激活。
4.按权利要求3所述的设备,其特征在于还包括子域控制装置(10),用于调节子域的加权,当按大小顺序排列时,子域加权按下述规则增加:给定的子域加权不能高于前面两个子域加权和。
5.按权利要求3所述的设备,其特征在于所述子域编码装置(11)包括代码表,对于所有可能的像素值,对应的子域码子被存储在代码表中。
6.按权利要求3所述的设备,其特征在于还包括矩阵显示器。
7.按权利要求6所述的设备,其特征在于所述矩阵显示器是等离子体显示器(14)。
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- 2001-01-13 WO PCT/EP2001/000382 patent/WO2001056003A2/en active Application Filing
- 2001-01-13 KR KR1020077019220A patent/KR100799746B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-13 JP JP2001555073A patent/JP5675030B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-01-13 CN CNB2004100325669A patent/CN100365683C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-01-13 AU AU2001235417A patent/AU2001235417A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-13 DE DE20122908U patent/DE20122908U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-13 EP EP01907446.7A patent/EP1250696B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-13 KR KR1020027008644A patent/KR100782089B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-13 CN CNB018037674A patent/CN1159690C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20070091050A (ko) | 2007-09-06 |
DE20122908U1 (de) | 2009-09-17 |
EP1174850A1 (en) | 2002-01-23 |
WO2001056003A2 (en) | 2001-08-02 |
WO2001056003A3 (en) | 2002-03-21 |
AU2001235417A1 (en) | 2001-08-07 |
US20030043304A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
KR100799746B1 (ko) | 2008-02-01 |
EP1250696A2 (en) | 2002-10-23 |
JP5675030B2 (ja) | 2015-02-25 |
KR100782089B1 (ko) | 2007-12-04 |
CN1532790A (zh) | 2004-09-29 |
US7110050B2 (en) | 2006-09-19 |
KR20020069237A (ko) | 2002-08-29 |
JP2003521004A (ja) | 2003-07-08 |
EP1250696B1 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
CN1395720A (zh) | 2003-02-05 |
CN1159690C (zh) | 2004-07-28 |
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